Primary

Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent. Dennis Ritchie Home Page. Bell

Laboratories, Alcatel Lucent, March 2002. Web. 29 October
2014. http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/
Who: Dennis Ritchie
What: Basic Bio and summary of written by Bell Labs
Where: Bell Labs, New Jersey
When: 2002, finished in 2011 upon death
Why: To document his life
Benet, Manuel. "Interviews : Interview with Dennis M. Ritchie."
Interviews : Interview with Dennis M. Ritchie. Linux Focus, 1 Jan. 1999. Web. 1 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/July1999/article79.html>.
This source is not only a mini biography on Dennis Ritchie, But this is also an interview
with him. These questions consisted of asking him about how he felt with people looking up to
him as basically the father of unix and C Code which is used by so many.
"Dennis Ritchie." Computer History Museum. Computer History
Museum, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Dennis,Ritchie/>.
One thing that made this source different from some of the others is that they explain his
jobs that he has had along with it shows awards that he received such as the ACM Turing Award
(1983), the U.S. National Medal of Technology (1999), and the Japan Prize (2011).
Information Technology - Bloc Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from
http://bloctechnology.com.au/information-technology/
This source talked about all different types of programs and coding languages, but it also
talked on which codes where based off of C code and how C code has changed how so many of
these codes have been possible because of C Code.

"Interview with Dennis Ritchie." Princeton University. Princeton University. Web. 1 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.princeton.edu/~hos/mike/transcripts/ritchie.htm>
This is an interview that someone at Princeton University and ask him more about his
past and what he majored in and what he thought was interesting in and what he did in college
before he created C code and unix. But in this interview Richie talks about how he made C code
as a spin off from B code. He also took a tone of programming classes before that inspired him to
do C Code and from there it lead to Unix.
Langer, Emily. "Dennis Ritchie, Founder of Unix and C, Dies at 70." Dennis Ritchie, Founder of Unix
and C, Dies at 70. The
Washington Post, 13 Oct. 2011. Web. 29 Oct.
2014.http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/dennis-ritchie-founder-of-unix-and-c-diesat-70/2011/10/13/gIQAXsVXiL_story.html
This document talks a lot about how dennis had died, and how his college reacted. But
then down further ib begins to talk about the legacy that he left in modern technology, not only
did he create the C code which helps with everything in the idea of technology, but more

importantly than that it talks a ton about he came up with the idea as well as how he began to go
down to create this amazing advancement
Lohr Steve, Dennis Ritchie, Trailblazer in Digital Era, Dies at 70,
October 13th 2011 New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/technology/dennis-ritchie-programming-trailblazerdies-at-70.html?_r=0
Who- New York Times
What- Small overview/bibliography of Dennis Ritchie and his contribution on not only
unix, but it also goes in depth how he did a ton of work creating C code.
Where Bell Labs
When-1960
This source also says most of what the other sources have said such as he was one of the
big contributors to C Code and Unix,, but one of the unique pieces of info that this site says is that
he wanted to make these computers cheaper for college students unlike big name manufacturers.
Kernighan, Brian. Personal Interview. 1 November 2014.
This was a phone interview with professor Brian Kernighan of Princeton University, who
worked alongside Dennis Ritchie while at Bell Laboratories, and helped him write the book on
the C coding language. We learned what Dennis was like to work with, and what he thought
today might be like without Dennis innovations.
Metz, Cade. "Dennis Ritchie: The Shoulders Steve Jobs Stood on." CNN
Tech. CNN Tech, 14 Oct. 2011. Web. 1 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/14/tech/innovation/dennis-ritchie-ob
it-bell-labs/>.
This source talks a lot about how Dennis Ritchie was what created all of the elements and
pieces that Steve Jobs used in order to create all of his Apple products. "It's really hard to
overstate how much of the modern information economy is built on the work Dennis did." He
created a base for everything as we know it for technology such as websites, and everything
online will use C Code

Memmott, Mark. "Dennis Ritchie, C Programmer And Unix Co-Creator, Has

Died." NPR. NPR, 13 Oct. 2011. Web. 1 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/10/13/141316217/dennis-ritchie-c-programmerand-unix-co-creator-has-died>.
NPR tell us in this source that Ritchie and Thompson basically rewrote the B code in
order to make it understandable for everyone. But they also wanted to make sure that when they
were changing the code, every computer would also be able to communicate with it.

Prasad, Shishir. "Brian Kernighan: No One Thought C Would Become So

Big." Forbes India Magazine. Forbes, 3 Nov. 2011. Web. 3 Nov.
2014.<http://forbesindia.com/interview/special/briankernighan-no-one-thought-c-would-become-so-big/29982/1>.
An interview with Brian Kernighan talking about the evolution in C and Dennis Ritchie
Mearian, Lucas. "Dennis Ritchie and Steve Jobs -- Quite the
Juxtaposition." Computerworld. 13 Oct. 2011. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

<http://www.computerworld.com/article/2471299/open-source-tools/
dennis-ritchie-and-steve-jobs----quite-the-juxtaposition.html>.
A comparison of Ritchie and Jobs. Also a comparison of Ritchie to Tesla
N.A. Dennis Ritchie. Computer History Museum. 2014. Web. 2 Nov.
2014.http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Denni
s,Ritchie/
This had a basic biography of dennis ritchie, but the entire website also had lots of
important information on the legacy that dennis ritchie left with the invention of C.
N/A "Dennis Ritchie." Computer History Museum. Computer History
Museum, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. <http://www.computer
history.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Dennis,Ritchie/>.
One thing that made this source different from some of the others is that they explain his
jobs that he has had along with it shows awards that he received such as the ACM Turing Award
(1983), the U.S. National Medal of Technology (1999), and the Japan Prize (2011).
N/A Dennis Ritchie. (2011, October 16). Retrieved December 11, 2014,
from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/technologyobituaries/8830332/Dennis-Ritchie.html
This source is in all honesty really funny because it talks about how the well known Steve
Jobs used unix as a base for his apple products. The source also talks a lot about why unix was
made, and it was to make a cheaper and easier accessible Program

N/A Ritchie, Dennis M. "The Development of the C Language*." C

History. Bell Labs, 1 Jan. 2003. Web. 3 Nov. 2014.
<http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/chist.html>.
The history of the C language. Written by Ritchie.
N/A Ritchie, Dennis M., and Ken Thompson. "The UNIX Time-Sharing
System." The Bell System Technical Journal 57.06 (1978):
1905-929. Print.http://www3.alcatel-lucent.
com/bstj/vol57-1978/
articles/bstj57-6-1905.pdf
A manual written by Ritchie and Thompson about UNIX, its uses and how to use it

N/A Ritchie, Dennis, and Brian Kernighan. The C Programming Language.

2nd ed. Vol. 1. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. 258.
Print.
This was the book that Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan wrote explaining the c code
and how it is to be used. It is not a manuel as much as it is a book. One fun fact about te second
edition copy is that it has been written in over 22 languages, and so that means this is a widely
accessible book for everyone around the world.
Taral, P. (2014, January 1). Features of C Programming - c4learn.com.
Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.c4learn.com/c-programming/c-features/

This source Has all of the different purposes for what C is used for.
"Unix." The Herbert H. Warrick Jr. Museum of Communications. Museum
of Communications. Web. 2 Nov. 2014.
<http://museumofcommunications.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/DS
C_7111.jpg>
This website is from the Museum of communications and talks a ton about Unix in
general. It talks a lot about where and when unix was made and there was a really good image
that shows what Dennis Ritchie worked on and it shows us that he had didn't just have google to
go to if he where confused, he could only go to his colleagues because he was using a dinosaur
computer

"Unix Creator Dennis Ritchie Dies Aged 70." Unix Creator Dennis
Ritchie Dies Aged 70. BBC, 13 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15287391>.
This in particular source talks about how with Dennis Ritchie's invention and engineering
of unix, he also greatly influenced the idea of open source movement. He was also of course
talked about his inspirations of c code and Unix, as well as some of the awards he received.
Vleck, Torn. "Dennis M. Ritchie." - A.M. Turing Award Winner.
Association for Computing Machinery, 1 Jan. 2012. Web. 1 Nov.
2014. <http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_

1506389.cfm>.
This is an amazing site because it not only gives a short biography about what Dennis
did, but it also gave a
huge list of all of the awards that he won both before and after he died.

Secondary
Brian Kernighan Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs Paying Tribute to
Dennis Ritchie September 12th 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxtKwJZbYr0
For our group this is a very cool video, because this is basically Brian Kernighan
basically telling the audience everything that Dennis had done. But this is cool for our group
because we were able to get an interview with Brian Kernighan.
"Dennis Ritchie, Co-creator of Unix and C." Dennis Ritchie,
Co-creator of Unix and C. I-programmer.info., 13 Oct. 2011. Web.
3 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.i-programmer.info/news/82-heritage/3184-dennis-ritch
ie-co-creator-of-unix-and-c-has-died.html>.
This website talks about a B code, and how Dennis then developed C code after that to
make it simpler, and the process that he needs to do that, as well as after that it talks about how
fron C code others have expanded to C++
Dennis Ritchie Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie Explain UNIX 1980
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoVQTPbD6UY
This is an amazing source because it is a video of Dennis ritchie explaining C Code and
how to basically use they system that he invented. And so this also allows us to know how The
creators were thinking when they were changing B Code to C Code, and then how they decided to
invent unix.
Hui Hermit (Own work).Version 7 Unix SIMH Emulation DMR. 2014.
Screenshot. [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Version_7_Unix_SIMH_PDP11_Emulatio
n_DMR.png
This is the main background picture for the website.
"History and Timeline." The UNIX System. The Open Group, 1 Jan. 2012.
Web. 4 Nov. 2014. <http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history _timeline.html>.
This source is not directly all about Dennis Ritchie but it talks about all of the processes
that were developed for unix to work. This does include AT&T working with Ken Thompson and
Dennis Ritchie
"Myths of Steve Jobs." Deccan Herald. Deccan Herald, 11 Nov. 2011.
Web. 4 Nov. 2014. <http://www.deccanherald.com/blog/?p=220>.
An article that talks about the myths that circulate around steve jobs. Some of which are
related to C, Unix and Ritchie

N.A. Dennis Ritchie, 1997. 1997. Photograph. Genius List,

Cat-V.org. http://genius.cat-v.org/dennis-ritchie /photos/dennis-1997.jpg
A simple portrait of Dennis Ritchie from 1997, used in the page on Dennis Ritchies
personal Life
NATARAJAN, RAMESH. "Dennis Ritchie Father of C Programming
Language." The Geek Stuff RSS. 14 Oct. 2011. Web. 3 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/10/dennis-ritchie-father-of-c-programming-language/>.
This website basically talks about the book that Dennis Ritchie wrote The C
Programing Language and then it goes a small amount into the history Dennis Ritchie.
"Write Objective-C Code." Write Objective-C Code. Apple. Web. 3 Nov.
2014.
<https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/referencelibrary/GettingStarted/RoadMapOSX/books/
WriteObjective-CCode/WriteObjective-CCode/WriteObjective-CCode.html>.
An apple article on how to write c code. It provides a different perspective on the way
that c works