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Evaporator selection
Compressor selection
Condenser selection
Expansion valve selection
Where
TD is temperature difference which depends on RH, see table 1
2
R
V
=
KW
P C 1 Texit
p
Tin
Where
.
KW
R
P
Cp
Tin
Texit
V
v=
A
Where
A is evaporator coil face area = Fin height x Finned length
6) Suction pressure ( Ps )
Suction pressure of compressor is given by:
Ps = Psat - PD
Where
Psat
PD
7) Discharge pressure ( Pg )
Discharge pressure is the pressure at the exit of the compressor. Discharge pressure for a given
refrigerant is the saturation pressure corresponding to condensing temperature of the refrigerant.
The condenser is cooled by the ambient air; therefore, condensing temperature depends on the
ambient air temperature.
Entering temperature difference (ETD) of Condensers
ETD is the temperature difference of entering (ambient) air dry bulb temperature and condensing
temperature. ETD for air condensers is in the range (
).
Condensing temperature ( Tc ) = ETD + Tatm
8) Power consumption
Power consumption is the power to be absorbed by the system to extract the cooling load. The
power consumption of the system is calculated as follows:
Power transferred to the refrigerant ( Win ) can be calculated by:
Win =
Cooling Capcity
COP
Where
COP is coefficient of performance of a system with sub cooling & superheating
5
i.
Where
com
ii.
Where
Win
Wshft
mec em
is cooling capacity
is power transferred to the refrigerant
b. Condenser fan air quantity (m3/s) per KW of heat rejection can be calculated by:
.
R
V
=
KW
P C 1 Texit
p
Tin
Where
.
KW
R
P
Cp
Tin
Texit
V
v=
A
Where
A is condenser coil face area = Fin height x Finned length
.
m=
Cooling Capacity
h1 h4
Where
Inputs
i)
ii)
II.
Liquid temperature:
______ o C
Superheat:
______ o C
Temperature difference (TD) ______ o C
Coil face area:
______ m2, or
Fin height: ______m & Finned length: ______m
Leaving air: DB ____ o C & WB _____ o C
Leaving air velocity: ____m/s or _____CFM, or
Air throw: _____m
Fixing and relating the parameters
1. Refrigerant selection
- Order of preference: R404A, R134a, according to heat of vaporization requirement and
evaporation temperature
2. Cooling capacity calculation
2.1 Fix SST ( saturated suction temperature)
SST = Room Air Temperature (DB) TD
TD use table1 or product catalog
R
V
KW =
P C 1 Texit
p
Tin
Where
P = Patm in KPa
C p = average specific heat capacity of air
Texit = Leaving air temperature (DB)
Tin = ambient air temperature (DB)
3.1 Evaporator coil face entering air velocity
.
V
v=
A
Where
Coil face area (A) is to be taken from product specification
4. Required Air throw (X)
X should be, at least maximum of (width, height or length of the storage room)
5. Suction pressure
Suction pressure of compressor is given by:
Ps = Psat - PD
Where
Psat
PD
6. Discharge pressure
From refrigerant properties table of the selected refrigerant:
Discharge pressure = Saturation pressure @ Tc
Where
Condensing temperature ( Tc ) = ETD + Tatm
ETD = () or specified by the manufacturer
m=
Cooling Capacity
h1 h4
Where
Win
com
Where
Cooling Capcity
COP
COP is coefficient of performance of a system with sub cooling & superheating given by:
Win
COP = (1 Y1 Y3 Y4 )COPb
10
Where
COPb is coefficient of performance of the system with out sub cooling and super heating
Y1 is percentage influence of sub cooling on COP
Y3 is percentage influence of internal super heating on COP
Y 4 is percentage influence of external super heating on COP
(See refrigerant cycle data table)
Wshft
mec em
9. Selection
Knowing the above parameters, from manufacturers catalog packaged unit which best full fills
the parameters is to be selected.
11
The evaporator is the basis for capacity calculation - it is the component directly
responsible for absorbing heat energy from the storage.
12
I.
Inputs
i)
ii)
-
II.
1. Refrigerant selection
- Order of preference: R404A, R134a, according to heat of vaporization requirement and
evaporation temperature
2. Cooling capacity calculation
a. Fix SST ( saturated suction temperature)
SST = Room Air Temperature (DB) TD
TD use table1 or product catalog
13
R
V
KW =
P C 1 Texit
p
Tin
Where
P = atmospheric pressure ( Patm ) in KPa
C p = average specific heat capacity of air
Texit = Leaving air temperature (DB)
Tin = ambient air temperature (DB)
V
v=
A
Where
Coil face area (A) is to be taken from product specification
4. Required Air throw (X)
X should be, at least maximum of (width, height or length of the storage room)
14
m=
Cooling Capacity
h1 h4
Where
6. Selection
Knowing the above parameters, from manufacturers catalog DX fin and tube evaporator which
best full fills the parameters is to be selected.
15
4.4.Compressor selection
The compressor has 2 functions in respect to the circulation of refrigerant. It must:
Discharge refrigerant into the condenser against the head pressure (high side pressure)
(determined in principle by the ambient temperature) and
Pull refrigerant through the evaporator (via the suction) to provide a nominated
saturation temperature / pressure at an adequate flow rate (i.e. to pull the refrigerant
temperature down)
The flow rate varies depending on the conditions in which the compressor is operating.
These conditions are often specified in the compressor ratings or performance graphs, which
must be referred to in the selection process of the compressor. The following parameters are
important for compressor selection:
i)
Compressor capacity
Since the capacity and power requirement of a compressor and so of the system, vary with
changes in evaporating and condensing temperatures (pressures), liquid sub cooling and super
heating of the refrigerant, these conditions must be specified on selecting a compressor for an
application.
ii)
Operating conditions of the compressor
The maximum operating conditions of the compressor (suction & discharge pressures) can be
determined from the ambient temperature and required evaporation temperature as follows:
P
iii)
Suction pressure ( s )
Suction pressure is the pressure at the inlet of the compressor.
Suction pressure of compressor is given by:
Ps = Psat - PD
Where
Psat
PD
iv)
Discharge pressure ( Pg )
Discharge pressure is the pressure at the exit of the compressor. Discharge pressure for a given
refrigerant is the pressure corresponding to condensing temperature of the refrigerant.
From refrigerant properties table of the selected refrigerant:
Discharge pressure = Saturation pressure @ Tc
16
Where
v)
Compressor mass flow rate ( m comp )
Mass flow rate of compressor is given by:
.
Where
.
suc =
1
v suc
Where
v suc
is specific volume of suction vapor which can be read from refrigerant properties
table of the selected refrigerant at suction pressure and temperature i.e.
V act = v V
Where
Where
N
D
is number of cylinders
is cylinder bore diameter
17
is stroke length
Q comp = m comp ( h1 - h 4 )
Where
Where
Wshft
mec em
18
R
V
=
KW
P C 1 Texit
p
Tin
Where
.
R
is gas constant, for air = 277.7kJ/kg
P
is pressure of entering air in KPa
C p is specific heat capacity of air
Tin
Texit
19
V
v=
A
Where
A is condenser coil face area = Fin height x Finned length
4.6.Expansion valve
The function of an expansion device in a refrigerating system is first to maintain the pressure
differential between the low pressure side (evaporator) and the high pressure side (condenser) for
a compressor driven refrigerating process. The second purpose is to regulate the refrigerant flow
to match the heat flux in the heat exchangers. If the heat flux in the evaporator increases, the
mass flow through the evaporator should be increased accordingly.
Expansion devices can be divided into eight basic types:
1. Hand expansion valve
5. Electronic expansion valve
2. Capillary tube
6. Low pressure float valve
3. Automatic expansion valve
7. High pressure float valve
4. Thermostatic expansion valve (TEV)
8. Constant level regulator
The first two are non-regulating expansion devices, while the other types adjust the flow based
on different means of signals.
In commercial refrigeration capillary tube and TEV are commonly used.
Selection
Using inputs from the selected evaporator, compressor and condenser suitable expansion valve
from manufacturer's catalog is to be selected. The inputs are:
- Refrigerant type
- Compressor mass flow rate or capacity
- Pressure drop ( P )
4.7. System balance
20