Shear stress

Shear stress

Prof Schierle

1 Beam shear and bending diagrams

2 Partial beam of length x with bending stress
3 Net bending stress push / pull causes shear
4 Bending stress above shear plane causes shear
Let M be bending increase between m & n, then
M = V x (area method)
Substituting Vx for M in f = M c /I yields f = V x c/I
At any plane y1 from the NA bending force is F=A fy.
fy = f y/c
fy/y = f/c
fy = (V x c/I) y/c F = A V x y / I
Shear stress = shear force / area of shear plane
v = F/(b x) = A V x y / (I b x) = V A y / (I b)
A y = Q = static moment of area above shear plane
times lever arm to the NA. Hence:
v = V Q / (I b)
(shear stress)
V = shear force
I = moment of inertia of entire cross section
b = width of shear plane
Defining shear flow q (pound or kip per inch):
q=VQ/I
(shear flow)
Shear stress

Prof Schierle

Shear stress distribution

1 Max. shear stress at neutral axis of wood beam
Q = Ay = (bd/2) d/4 Q = bd2 / 8
I = bd3/12, hence
v = V Q / I b = V (bd2/8) / [(bd3/12) b] = fv
fv = 1.5 V / bd
2 Shear stress at bottom
y = 0 (NA @ centroid of area above shear plane)
Thus Q = Ay = 0; hence fv = 0
3 Shear stress at top of beam
Q = Ay = 0
fv = 0
4 Shear stress distribution of wood beam
parabolic due to the quadratic equation Q = bd2/8
5 Shear stress of steel beam
(parabolic at web and minimal at flanges)
Average shear stress:
fv = V / Av
fv = average web shear stress
V = shear force
Av = shear area = web size
Shear stress

Prof Schierle

1 Wood I-beam: L = 10 ft, w = 280 plf

2 Cross-section
Assume Fb = 1200 psi, Fv = 95 psi
Shear force
V = wL / 2 = 280 x 10 /2
V= 1400 lbs
Bending moment
2
2
M =wL / 8 = (280) 10 / 8
M = 3500 #
Moment of Inertia
I = (BD3 bd3)/12 = [6(10)3 2(2)63]/12 I = 428 in4
Bending stress
fb = 491 psi<1200
fb = Mc/I = 3500 (12) 5 / 428
Note: c = 10/2 = 5 (half beam depth)
Static moment Q
Q = Ay = 6 (2) 4
Q = 48 in3
Shear stress (at glued flange/web joint)
v = VQ / (Ib) = 1400 (48) / [428 (2)]
v = 79 psi < 95
Static moment Q (at center)
Q = Ay = 6 (2) 4 + 2 (3) 1.5
Q = 57 in3
Max. shear stress at NA
v = VQ / (Ib) = 1400 (57) / [428 (2)]
v = 93 psi < 95
Shear stress

Prof Schierle

1 Steel beam: L = 6, P = 96 k
2 Composite beam, W10x49 and two 8 x 1/2 plates
Assume: Fy=50 ksi, Fb=30 ksi, Fv=20 ksi, weld at 3.2 k/in
Try W10x49 beam without plates
From AISC table: d=10, web thickness tw = 0.34, I = 272 in4
Shear
V = P/2 = 96/2
V = 48 k
Bending moment
M = 48(3)
M = 144 k
Shear stress
fv =14 ksi < 20
fv = V/A = 48/(10x0.34)
Bending stress
fb = 32 ksi >30, not ok
fb = M c / I = 144 (12) 5 / 272
Try composite beam (2 plates 8x0.5)
Moment of Inertia, I = (Io+Ay2)
I = 272+2(8)0.53/12+2(8)0.5(5.25)2
I = 493 in4
Bending stress
fb = 19 ksi < 30, ok
fb= Mc/I = 144(12)5.5/493
Shear flow q (2 welds per flange)
Q = Ay = 8(0.5)5.25
Q = 21 in3
q = VQ/I = 48(21)/493/2
q = 1 k/in < 3.2 k/in
Shear stress

Prof Schierle

Shear stress

Prof Schierle