Concept Map

Risk Factors:
-Age
-Obesity
-Diet
-Lifestyle
-Stress
-Family History
-Diabetes Mellitus

Hypertension
(High blood pressure)

Means
Complications:
-Heart attack or stroke
-Aneurysm
-Heart failure
-Kidney Disease
-Vision loss
-Metabolic Syndrome
-Low cognitive thinking

Signs and Symptoms:

**Most of the time, there are no
symptoms
-Dyspnea
-Nosebleed
-Fatigue
-Confusion
-Headache
-Nape Pain
-Above normal BP
N &V
-Severe headache
- Dizziness
-Vision changes

Hypertension means high

pressure (tension) in the
arteries. Arteries are vessels
that carry blood from the
pumping heart to all the
tissues and organs of the
body.

Diagnostics:
-Blood pressure measurements
Normal Blood pressure (120/80mmhg)
Pre hypertension (120/80 -139/89mmhg)
Stage 1 hypertension (140/90-159/99)
Stage 2 hypertension(>160/100)
-High cholesterol level

Prevention:
Eat a heart healthy diet, including
potassium and fiber.
Drink plenty of water.
Exercise regularly for at least 30
minutes of aerobic exercise a day.
If you smoke, quit.
Limit how much alcohol you drink to 1
drink a day for women, and 2 a day for
men.
Limit the amount of sodium (salt) you
eat -- aim for less than 1,500 mg per
day.
Reduce stress. Try to avoid things that
cause you stress, and try meditation or
yoga to de-stress.
Stay at a healthy body weight.

Acuyong, Yogananda G.
Alzona, Kimberly

Nursing Diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis #1
- Acute pain: headache
related to increased
cerebral vascular
pressure.
Nursing Diagnosis #2
- Knowledge deficit
related to lack of
information about the
disease process and
self-care
Nursing Diagnosis #3
- Decreased Cardiac
Output related to
Increased vascular
resistance,
vasoconstriction

Medications:
Thiazide diuretics
angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors
angiotensin II receptor
blockers (ARBs)
Calcium channel
blockers
Renin inhibitors
Alpha blockers
Beta Blockers
Alpha-Beta blockers
Central-acting agents.

Risk and implication:

Some of the medications can lower
your heart rate, some thin out the
blood. Risk of stroke is common with
many of the medications used to
treat HTN. Vasodilators work on
muscles in the walls of your arteries
and prevent them from narrowing. All
medications should be taken exactly
as prescribed by the doctor and
before taking any OTCs be sure to
consult with your primary care
provider.