Vertical School, Training Center &

Inbound Housing Facility for

The Philippine National
Athletes

By

Eliezer C. Rivera
2011180033

Research Proposal Submitted to the School of AR-ID-BE

in partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course
AR200 Architectural Design 9 Thesis Research
Writing for the Degree Major in Bachelor of
Science in Architecture

Mapa Institute of Technology

December 2014

APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the research paper
prepared by Eliezer C. Rivera entitled Vertical Development of a School, Training
Center & Inbound Housing Facility for the Philippine National Athletes and that the
said paper has been submitted for final examination by the Oral Examination Committee.

Arch. Junar P. Tablan, uap, MSAE

Academe Adviser

As members of the Oral Examination Committee, we certify that we have examined this
paper and hereby recommend that it be accepted as fulfilment of the practicum requirement
for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture.

Panel Member 1

Panel Member 2

Committee Chair

This practicum paper is hereby approved and accepted by the School of AR-ID-BE as a
fulfillment of the practicum requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in
Architecture.

Dean Gloria Teodoro

Dean, School of AR-ID-BE

ii

ABSTRACT

In this research, the problem arises on how to study and find problems within sports
complex with solutions on its architectural space planning procedures, architectural space
adjacency, spaces of interaction and spaces that are often focal points of conflict. The study
may find solutions on the probable stated problems and could answer issues on spatial
requirements, issues on the needs and wants of the users, problems with proper dimension
and layout, the need of interaction and many other issues that might be discovered on the
course of the study or problems that were unsolvable since then. The study offers its audience
the chance to know the essence of interactive recreational sports facilities so as to offer the
community a way of developing it for further growth of the society.

The primary purpose of this study is to determine and imply the pros and cons of the
Architectural Design of a Vertical School, Training Center and inbound housing facility for
athletes and use it in its design proposal. Questions such as what are the spaces in a
recreational sports facility that caters interaction and spaces the needs as such? What is the
architectural design considerations in that needs to be applied in the adequacy of space
dimensions used in its space planning procedure? What are the ideas of people with regards
to interactive recreational sports facilities and how does it supposed to impose interaction and
good things upon them? And what is the importance of interaction in recreational sports
facilities to a certain community to which such facility must be proposed in order achieve
utmost potentials? We may find it hard to answer but we seek to know how such proposal is
needed and is in direly needed of.

iii

ABOUT THE PROPONENT

The Proponent is Eliezer Centeno Rivera, Studying Bachelor of Science in

Architecture in Mapua Institute of Technology and is presently at his Fourth Year of Study.
The Proponent has skills on CAD, Lumion, 3DMAX, ArchiCad and is a Sketchup Literate.
Just as, He is computer literate with knowledge on Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint,
Has experience and license in Driving, had Presentation Skills that involves Verbal and
Action Presentations, Has experience handling co-workers/colleagues with leadership, Could
Communicate both in writing and speaking English and Filipino, Has experience and training
background in manual drafting, has the ability to speak in public either English or Filipino,
has the ability to complete tasks with accuracy and with strong attention to details,
has

the

ability

to

consistently

meet

deadlines,

completing

tasks

as

defined

and finally has the ability to work with integrity, trust and commitment.

The proponent choose to center his study on Sports Center and Sports activity
complex just as it is his mastery to design as such and he has experiences on the spaces,
circulation and the like. It will be of utmost perspective to manifest his skills and interpret
what his understanding of a sports complex into a workable design proposal. Just as, he
hopes to complete his study in the span of six months and to graduate with honors, pass the
licensure exams and ofcourse practice architecture in its fullest.

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Sincere gratitude is hereby attributed to the following that never ceased in helping to
the utmost fulfilment of this research paper. Just as, this research paper would not be possible
without the help and support of certain individuals. The proponent would like to express his
deepest gratitude to the persons who inspired and extended their utmost support for the
completion of this work.

Foremost, the researcher would like to extend his deepest gratitude to his family; to
his adviser, for the helpful criticisms and advises, and for the wisdom, knowledge she
imparted; to the researchers dearest friends; to his classmates; the people that became a part
of the paper for offering their time to answer the questionnaires properly and honestly; Last
but definitely not the least, the ever loving God, for bestowing the researcher strength,
wisdom, understanding and motivation to finish this research paper and to dedicate this
paper for the fulfilment of His greater will.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

vi-vii

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

viii-ix

Part I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BCKGROUND

Chapter I.1: GENERAL OVERVIEW

1
2-6

Chapter I.2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES

Chapter I.3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter I.4: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
Chapter I.5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Part II: RESEARCH FOCUS

7-19
20-22
23-38
39
40

Chapter II.1: RATIONALE

41

Chapter II.2: PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT

Chapter II.3: APPLICATION TO THE PROJECT

vi

42
43

Part III: SITE IDENTIFICATION

44

Chapter III.1: SITE SELECTION PROCESS

Chapter III.2: SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS
Chapter III.3: SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS

45-49
50-66
67-71

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

72-73

APPENDICES

74-77

vii

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 1

Site Location of Case Study

p. 21

Figure 2

Site Key Plan

p. 23

Figure 3

Amoranto Sports Complex Front Gate

p. 24

Figure 4

Amoranto Sports Multi-Purpose Hall

p. 24

Figure 5

Amoranto Sports Complex Basketball Court

p. 25

Figure 6

Amoranto Sports Complex Outdoor Basketball Court

p. 25

Figure 7

Amoranto Sports Complex Oval Stadium

p. 26

Figure 8

Amoranto Sports Complex Swimming Pool Gate

p. 26

Figure 9

Amoranto Sports Complex Swimming Pool Area

p. 27

Figure 10

Amoranto Sports Complex Badminton Area

p. 27

Figure 11

Graphical Chart Commonly Used Space in Sports Complex

p. 30

Figure 12

Graphical Chart Adequacy of Space in Terms of Dimension

p. 31

Figure 13

Graphical Chart Comfort ability of Spaces

p. 32

Figure 14

Graphical Chart Opinion on Improvement

p. 32

Figure 15

Graphical Chart Improvement Involving the Adequacy of Spaces

p. 33

Figure 16

Graphical Chart Commonly Used Space in Sports Complex

p. 33

Figure 17

Graphical Chart Opinion on the benefit of Upgrading

p. 34

Figure 18

Graphical Chart Performance based on presently used facilities

p. 35

Figure 19

Graphical Chart Performance based on presently used facilities

p. 36

Figure 20

Graphical Chart Performance in a well maintained facility

p. 36

Figure 21

Graphical Chart Opinion on comfort ability of Housing

p. 37

viii

Figure 22

Graphical Chart Preference in an inbound Housing Facility

p. 37

Figure 23

Graphical Chart Vitality of Education in the life of athletes

p. 38

Figure 24

Relationship of Economy, Society and Environment to each other

p. 42

Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28

Site Selection; Site A at Ususan, Taguig

Site Selection; Site B at Panghulo, Malabon
Site Selection; Site C at Bonifacio Global City Taguig
Tally of Site Selection and Justification

p. 46
p. 47
p. 48
p. 49

Figure 29

Macro to Micro Mapping

p. 50

Figure 30

Topography Map

p. 52

Figure 31

Land Contour Map

p. 53

Figure 32

Windrose Diagram (Right), Sun Path Diagram (Left)

p. 54

Figure 33

Social Data of Bonifacio Global City Taguig

p. 56

Figure 34

Skyline Photo of Bonifacio Global City

p. 59

Figure 35

Access Route Mapping of Site Selected

p. 67

Figure 36

Sun Path Mapping of Site Selected

p. 68

Figure 37

Wind Source Mapping of Site Selected

p. 68

Figure 38

Noise Source Mapping of Site Selected

p. 69

Figure 39

Scheme 1: Site Development Plan

p. 70

Figure 40

Scheme 1: Building Mass

p. 70

Figure 41

Scheme 2: Site Development Plan

p. 71

Figure 42

Scheme 2: Building Mass

p. 71

ix

PART I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Chapter I.1
INTRODUCTION AND THE PROBLEM

Sport and recreation has and always been a part of the different cultures. Taking a
look around different beaches and waterways, parks, reserves and sports grounds, it is
obvious that sport is a passion and plays and vital role in each community. Sports bind and
build communities, empower, inspire and motivate individuals, provide work-life balance
and help shape our national character. While we recognise the contribution sport makes to
the building of national pride, and the value of recreation in community health, we may have
overlooked the additional benets these activities bring to society. Sport plays an important
role in society and contributes to our lives in many ways we often dont realise. This study
outlines the unnoticeable benefits that sport and recreation provides.

I.

Statement of the Problem:

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the Architectural Design of
Vertical School, Training Ground and Inbound Housing Facility for the Philippine National
Athletes. More specifically, it will attempt to answer the following questions:
a. What are the spaces of interaction in recreational sports facilities
b. What is the architectural design considerations in the adequacy of space dimensions
used in its space planning procedure?
c. What are the ideas of people with regards to interactive recreational sports facilities?
d. What is the importance of interaction in recreational sports facilities to a certain
community?

II.

Assumptions:
Based on ones own personal intuition, experience, and observations, the
architectural design of interactive recreational sports facilities is focused mainly on spaces
where interaction happens like gymnasiums, courts, pools, lobby, and many more. The
architectural design consideration of these spaces is based on the psychology of how people
behave or on how people opt to spend their time. These spaces is where people gather
through their common similarities like how two people could interact given that they both
wanted to play basketball contributing to their good health, quality time, satisfaction and
bonding with others.. People have a notion or an idea that recreational sports facilities are
structures dedicated for fitness, leisure, hobbies or more and that importance of it is that it
has the potential to be a facility of the community that could link people together extending
them from one another united by their common similarities, by recreation of both physical
and mental sports and by creating a bigger and better place to be involved with.

III.

Theoretical Framework:
The theoretical frameworks of this study are related concepts and existing theories

together with their definitions that would give a complementary knowledge about the topic
and the problem. Such theories are mostly based on architectural design just as this study is
focused on it. The related theories include:
a. Theory of Interactional Territory States the need of man to be socially inclined
through means of interaction and congregation for social exchange of experiences,
ideas and information and to understand other people in order to understand himself
through which it requires a mental process and a sense of belongingness.

b. Community Development Theory The most practical framework for social workers
seeking lasting change for individuals and the communities and societies in which they
live and the need to improve based on the potential of the community to be as one.
c. Theory of Territoriality The Theory of Territoriality states the need of man to be
territorially conscious. The Theory emphasizes different radius of attachment and
detachment. One of the examples of this is the personal bubble.

Some other related theories are emphasized on Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature,
Citation of Related Theories.

IV.

Importance of the Study:

The significance of this study is to seek the architectural design of interactive

recreational sports facilities that has the potential to unite people together making them
socially linked. This study may find problems on architectural space planning procedures,
architectural space adjacency, spaces of interaction and spaces that are often focal points of
conflict. The study may find solutions on the probable stated problems and could answer
issues on spatial requirements, issues on the needs and wants of the users, problems with
proper dimension and layout, the need of interaction and many other issues that might be
discovered on the course of the study or problems that were unsolvable since then. The study
offers its audience the chance to know the essence of interactive recreational sports facilities
so as to offer the community a way of developing it for further growth of the society. This
study is dedicated to the academe for students to be used as reference and is also dedicated to
the architectural field of study so as they could use it to improve sports and recreational
facilities or even facilities alike that needs improvement.

V.

Limitations of the Study:

The Study is bounded on the Architectural Design of Interactive Recreational Sports
Facilities. It does not go beyond Architectural Design but is strictly focused on the
architectural design of interactive spaces within recreational sports facilities. It does not
include the architectural design of the structural aspect, circulation, sustainable approach,
disaster resiliency, enumeration of construction methods and materials, organizational
hierarchy and the aesthetic form and massing of the structure. Also, it does not cover the
entity of psychology and all human behaviour but seeks to understand the basic human
activities of people within recreational sports facility and the aspect of interaction and
common similarities of people within it.

VI.

Delimitations of the Study:

The nature of this research is an empirical case study about the topic and the subject

matter of the problem. It covers to study the background, the current status, and the
architectural design of Interactive Recreational Sports Facilities as a vital part of a
community. The subject areas of investigation include architectural design, space
requirements, adjacency of spaces, number of users, and the users wants and needs within.
The facility involved is limited to one subject facility equal to one main variable with
respondents using the said facility ranging from 30-50 people selected though random
sampling. The time frame of this study is the entire eleven weeks of fourth term equivalent to
one of the four terms of the academic year 2013-2014. The rationale of the delimitation is
based on the given the coverage, the timeframe, the subject areas of investigation and the
number of respondents or subjects involved.

VII.

Definition of Terms:

Athletes also Player, a person who participates regularly in sports

Behaviour - range of actions and mannerisms made by organisms, and systems alike

Buffer Area - a non-buildable area established to separate types of zones. It is usually

referred to as the space of transition

Community - social unit of any size that shares common values, experiences, beliefs and
way of life.

Court - An enclosed area or space for games such as volleyball and basketball

Density measure of population per unit area

Facility space or equipment necessary for doing something.

Fitness Gym - room or building equipped with special apparatus for body exercises

Indoor Sports mostly mental activities and is done inside in an enclosed space

Interaction refers to a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect
upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction,
as opposed to a one-way causal effect.

Interactive Recreational Sports Facility -

an area that would cater the facilities

intended for sports and communal activities through which it promotes social interaction
and societal growth

Organized Sport Sports having rules and considerations to health and safety of the
athletes

Outdoor Sports Activity that of which is mostly physical and is done outside on an
open area

Psychology - is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of
mental functions and behaviours.

Recreation - an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.

Sports is all forms of usually competitive physical activity which through casual or
organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while
providing entertainment to participants, and in some cases, spectators or viewers.

Sports Complex combined structures which houses sports and physical facilities

Stadium - A sports ground surrounded by seats for spectators and viewers

Territoriality pattern of behaviour of man associated with the defence of a territory

Chapter I.2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

I.

Introduction
Involvement in interactive recreation and sports could have an effect on both physical and
social wellbeing of a community. However, only few among the societys members do actually
know its importance and value. The participation of the community, especially the youth, in
interactive recreation and sports is a relatively a recent trend in the society. Physical activity
provides good health and a way of preventing stress, illness and diseases. Interactive recreational
sports and games is a supplementary means for physical activity and are considered as the
rehabilitation of the mind, body and soul. It enables man to excel not only in mental awareness
but also in physical and instinct awareness. Partaking in interactive recreational sports and games
allows development of different skills, creativity, enjoyment, and by all means promote a sense of
social interaction.

Recreation and sports evolved further in these modern times and became organized sports,
tournaments, Olympic meets and many others that involve a sense of pride and passionate
attachment. The age group involved does not have a limitation for interactive recreation and
sports. It is one of the human activities that allows everyone to be a part of something they
wanted to be given that each person is a part of the community having a common similarity with
each other and instils a sense of belongingness making them socially linked with each other and
making the community grow better with human interactions. So as, construction of different
Recreational sports facilities became prominent within each community for people to be
involved. Yet so, what are these facilities and what is inside? What is in it for people to interact?
More so, are these facilities effective in a way that it is designed with good architectural
considerations in spatial necessities answering both the needs and wants of the users and
promoting its bigger cause of making people linked through social interaction.

II.

Related Literatures and Articles

A. The Real Value of Sport and Recreation
According to an article written by the Government of Western Australia, Department of
Sports and Recreation in the year 2010, Building communities is helped by sports and recreation
through sense of connection and social inclusion. Sports and recreation helps to unite families through
mutual experiences and joint accomplishments. Through involvement, sports assist the deal with antisocial behavior and can support education. Sport contributes to economic development and helps
sustain the environment through protecting open space and natural areas. It also promotes the use of
active modes of transport, such as cycling and walking. Sport instils a sense of national pride though
winning and personal attachment leading to such celebrations that unite the nation; drawing together
people of different race, Religion and culture; developing a heightened sense of community and
national identity. According to Kelley and Evans (1998) sport has been identied as being the most
important Element contributing to our feelings about our nation. Sport is not the cure-all for societys
issues, but it can assist in a positive Way. What is needed is awareness so that the value of sport and
Recreation is better recognized, appreciated and understood.
B. The Situation of Filipino Youth: A National Survey
According to the Philippine national surveys last 2009, The Filipino youth are not that
involved in many activities compared to the US youth. One in eight claim to be active members of
sports or recreational organizations, and in church or religious organizations; a tenth in youth
organizations just as the youth are highly exposed to radio, with three-fourths listening to it almost
every day. A little over half watch TV, and very much more among the American youth do almost
every day. Fewer Filipino youth, a third, read books, magazines or newspapers almost every day
compared to the American youth, about four in nine. The proportions are similar with regard to the
Filipino youth getting together with their friends almost every day, compared to the American youth.
However, only one in twenty of the Filipino youth participate in sports, do athletic work or exercise
daily, as compared to four in nine among the American youth.
8

C. Organized Sports Programs: Limitations and Risks

According to an article written by an unnamed parent in Asia last 2009, Organized sports
involvement has caused things on growth and maturation that have come under issue, as have the
result of growth and maturation on the ability to participate in sports. Because of the availability of
sports to almost everyone, children are starting to train and compete at earlier ages; there is mounting
concern about possible negative acts on growth and maturation. Reports of gymnasts and divers with
short stature or ballet dances with lean body types or late menarche have contributed to such
concerns. Despite such reports, it is unclear if these characteristics were a result of Intensive training
or other factors, such as dietary practices, psychological and emotional stress, or selection bias for the
sport. When the demands of a sport exceed a childs cognitive and physical development, the child
may develop feelings of failure and frustration. Even with coaches available to teach rules and skills
of a sport, children may not be ready to learn or understand what is being taught. Furthermore, many
coaches are not equipped to deal with the needs or abilities of children. Basic motor skills such as
throwing, catching, kicking, and hitting a ball, do not develop sooner simply as a result of introducing
them to children at an earlier age. Teaching or expecting these skills to develop before children are
developmentally ready is more likely to cause frustration than long-term success in the sport. Because
most youth sports coaches are volunteers with little or no formal training child development they
cannot be expected to correctly match demands of a sport with a childrens readiness to participate.
Educational programs are available for youth sport coaches, but most coaches do not participate.
Nonetheless, coaches may still try to teach what cannot be learned and blame resulting failures on
shortcomings of athletes or themselves. In organizational sports, inappropriate or overzealous parental
or adult influences can have negative effects. Adults involvement in childrens sports activities may
bring goals or outcome measures that are not oriented toward young participants. Despite good
intentions, increased involvement of adults does not necessarily enhance the child athletes
enjoyment. The Familiar image of a parent pleading their 5-year-old to catch the ball or kick the ball
or run faster is a reminder of how adult can have discouraging effects.
9

D. Athletes Woes
According to the article written by the Philippine sports rappler last 2008, Athletes
themselves have the same opinion that sports facilities were lacking some of the basic
necessities or even the want of being thoroughly comfortable and that there is still so much
that the government and sports agencies have left to do. Some athletes like Jessie Lacua, an
Olympic swimmer, wishes the country had facilities like those of Singapore, where
swimmers also enjoy strong support from the government and good coaches, while another,
his co-swimmer Jasmine Alkhaldi, admitted before going to London, that it has been a
difficult journey because of the country's inadequate resources. POC President Cojuangco,
who has been in his position for almost 8 years, said that We are trying to make the most out
of what we got, but I think we should build up more centers like the sports facilities in
Laguna, where you can train and go to school so you can focus on sport,". He is also aware
there is still so much to be done. Also, President Cojuangco who is working closely with the
PSC says that athletes need better training center where athletes can be quartered, fed and
supervised by coaches. However, he stressed that rather than a review of the POC and PSC
tenets, what needs change is the lack of government support. "What is needed to be revised is
the value that the government will give to sport. Sports are not only winning of medals but
also an integral part of growing our citizens properly," he said, citing the lack of budget
allotted to sports. Like in every international competition that we participate in we have
these so called 'experts' criticizing our performance without giving any positive suggestions.
What they propose is always for change but they never mention what kind of change is
necessary

10

E. The Social Value of Sports

Sport has the power to unite people in a way little else can. Sport can create hope. Breaks
down racial barriers laughs in the face of discrimination speak to people in a language they can
understand.- Nelson Mandela
According to an article written by the Government of Western Australia, Department of
Sports and Recreation in the year 2010, Cultural, artistic, recreational, and Interactive sporting
activities that are voluntary work enrich peoples lives and improve their connections with the wider
community. International research shows that increasing community participation in organized sport
and recreation contributes to what is known as social capital, which is the social fabric or glue that
ties members together in a given locality (Cox, 1995). According to Putnam (2000) sports clubs and

community organizations are important conduits for developing such capital and are good barometers
of community strength. Sport and recreation provides the catalyst for community gatherings, from
small functions to major events, where people play, talk and share experiences. Importantly, it has a
positive effect that reaches many levels of our society. It is an important thread that ties our social
fabric. The effects has benefits on social cohesion, educational outcomes for young people, and the
positive impacts on physical and mental wellbeing which ow from participation in organized sport
and recreation is particularly important in regional areas, where it has always been one of the main
cohesive elements that draw people together. At a time when regional communities are under
pressure, the value of sport and recreation becomes even more important. In most regional and remote
communities, it is the local tennis, football or basketball club that provides and sustains community
interaction (Kemp, 2006). Atherley (2006) identied other research that recognized the following
ow-on effects social ties, power relations and social capital, social networks, community
integration, ow of information and creating a sense of belonging.

11

F. Connecting communities
According to an article written by the Government of Western Australia, Department of
Sports and Recreation in the year 2010, Sporting and recreational activities and events contribute to
the development of stronger social networks and more cohesive communities for participants,
volunteers and supporters. Bringing people together through sport and recreation boosts confidence
through times of prosperity. Sport and recreation galvanizes communities in times of need. This is
especially evident in rural communities, where traditional Saturday sports such as football and netball
are the glue that bonds the community; often acting as the main community social event for the week.
Baum (2000) found sport and recreation makes signicant social, economic, cultural and
environmental contributions to the life of rural communities. Dempsey (1999) highlighted the
importance of sport in his 17-year study of a Victorian rural community. His study found that sport
and sporting clubs enabled all members of a community to be linked by a common bond: their
participation in that club. Similarly, Mahoney (as cited in Townsend, et al., 2002) found in a study of
two small Victorian rural communities that at a times of economic hardship, when other institutions
and structures were disappearing, physical activity and organized sporting clubs remained, providing
a focus within the communities and a sense of community cohesion. For many, forming friendships
and a sense of belonging are powerful reasons why they become involved and remain active in sport.
Access to social support consistently emerges in research as a factor inuencing participation in
physical activity (Stahl et al., 2001).A 2002 study in Western Australia showed more than half of the
respondents participate in physical activity with another person, providing further evidence that social
support is an important factor in decisions about being physically active (McCormack, et al.,
2003).Generally, places with high levels of social capital are safer, better governed and more
prosperous, compared to those places with low levels of social capital (Putnam, 2000). There are
signs that sport can help reduce the crime rate. For example, in the US, cities that adopted midnight
basketball leagues experienced sharper decreases in property crime than other cities (Hartmann &
Depro, 2006).
12

G. Innovation of a Sports Tourism Hub

According to an article written by the Philippine Sports Hub of Cebu in the year
2010, Mactan, Cebu Philippines In support of the Lapu-lapu city governments thrust to develop
Mactan Island as Cebus sports tourism hub, five star hotel-resorts Shangri-Las Mactan Resort and
Spa has expanded its recreational activities that cater to the health and wellness market. There is also
an announcement on the inclusion of a jogging trail and zip line park within the resorts Ocean
Terraces. Kennington told reporters that these two offerings will complement well with the hotelresorts frequent recreational activities like snorkeling-safari, Jet Ski and kayaking, which are targeted
for guests who prefer a more active lifestyle. Its no longer enough that guests enjoy the beach and
the food. They would also like to do worthwhile activities while inside the resort. Outdoor activities
are a good connection between family members, friends, or even team members of the company,
said Kennington. He said that while these outdoor activities can be done with families or group of
friends, they are also eyeing Meetings, Incentives, Convention and Exhibition (Mice) as potential
markets for the resorts new Adventures in Paradise offering. These new amenities are great for
team-building where we can customize activities according to guests preference, Kennington said.
The aforesaid 400-meter jogging trail features numerous training stations, he said. Access to the
jogging trail is complimentary for in-house guests.
H. Social Inclusion
According to an article written by the Government of Western Australia, Department of
Sports and Recreation in the year 2010, Sport and recreation is a key medium for creating new
relationships among disparate social groups. People from culturally and linguistically-diverse
backgrounds and Indigenous Australians can be vulnerable to social and structural disconnection.
Participation in sport provides increased opportunities for them to connect with the wider community
(Savage, et al., 2003).As a result of a program in the City of Stirling, new bonds have been formed
between sports organizations and various immigrant groups, resulting in ethnic youth being exposed

13

to sport and recreational activities they may not otherwise have considered. As one participant
commented: These organizations have recognized that sport programs decrease social isolation for
young people and that the citys project is young-people focused (Bahn, et al., 2008).Two young
immigrants from Sudan successfully trained to become basketball referees, through a program funded
through DSR and run by the Edmund Rice Centre at Mirrabooka. As one of the new referees said:
My mum signed me up because I used to sit at home and do other stuff. Now I play all types of
sports at the center instead. The program has helped me to meet others in the community and through
the referee training we have also learnt how to treat others fairly. This is where sport and recreation
provides some of its greatest value far from the facilities and television cameras. Its about
including people in a rewarding shared experience and making individuals and our community
stronger through the process.
I. The Benets of Participation
According to an article written by the Government of Western Australia, Department of
Sports and Recreation in the year 2010, Sport and recreation is an important part of the lives of many
Western Australians. According to the ABS, during the 12 months prior to interviews in 2006, 10.5
million Australians, or 65.9 per cent of the population aged 15 and over, participated in physical
activities for recreation, exercise or sport. This included just over one million Western Australians.
The State also boasts 121,000 sport and recreation volunteers (DSR, 2004).In a State with 2.1 million
people (ABS, 2008), these are signicant gures, particularly when you add a further 173,000
children aged 5 to 14 who also participate in organized sport (ABS, 2006) and many thousands more
attend sporting events. However, the true value extends well beyond the likes of gymnasia, trails and
playing elds. If you consider a typical Western Australian 10-year-old growing up in Perth, there is a
two-in-ve chance he or she doesnt take part in any sport and recreation at all (Martin, 2006). By age
10, that child may be one of the 37 per cent in their group who does not get 60 minutes of daily
physical activity (Department of Education and Training guideline).If the child stays at home in
front of a games console or computer, the likely outcome is that he or she will be more socially
14

isolated and less motivated. They are more likely to join the growing band of the lifelong overweight,
whose expanding waistlines are a precursor to diabetes, heart disease and a costly engagement with
the health system (Martin, 2006).
J. Philippine sports on lack of Sports Facilities
According to the article written by Emil Noguera in Manila Times last July 2013, the
urgency to create sports facilities, stadiums and athletes and coaches quarters. Thailand has 68
stadiums with the National Stadium in Bangkok as the biggest that can accommodate 65,000 people.
It also has stadiums with 30,000 seating capacities and 12 with 20,000 to 25,000 seating capacities.
Vietnam has 37 stadiums like the 40,000-seater My Dinh Stadium in Hanoi and 13 more with 20,000
to 28,000 seating capacities while in Singapore, there are 21 stadiums including the 55,000-seater
National Stadium and the 30,000-seater Marina Bay Floating Platform.
Problem is that athletes grew up using the same old Rizal Memorial Stadium through which
is very old and has lots of problems. There are many potential sites on building new sports facilities
but the government cannot give funds on its establishments. The Rizal Memorial Stadium was built in
1934 and was used in hosting the 1954 Asian Games and the 1981, 1991 and 2005 Southeast Asian
Games. It can accommodate a maximum of 20,000 people. The Mall of Asia Arena and the Araneta
Coliseum are the other notable venues in the Philippines. In Bocaue, Bulacan, the Philippine Arena
and a sports complex, owned by religious group, Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC), are under construction. The
INC earlier announced that the complex will be open to any public concerts and sports gatherings.
The need to have our own training facilities for athletes is greatly envisioned. PSC wants to
create a training center for some 600 members of the national pool in the sprawling governmentowned lot at the Clark Development Zone in Angeles City as the 10-hectare Rizal Memorial Sports
Complex is already congested and is not suitable for the training of the athletes. Budgetary constraints
remain the main problem in making such plan a reality. The former lawmaker also underscored the
need to involve and educate parents and coaches as a springboard to honing young potential athletes.

15

III.

Citation of Related Theories:

d. Theory of Interactional Territory States the need of man to be socially inclined
through means of interaction and congregation for social exchange of experiences, ideas
and information and to understand other people in order to understand himself through
which it requires a mental process and a sense of belongingness.
e. Community Development Theory The most practical framework for social workers
seeking lasting change for individuals and the communities and societies in which they
live and the need to improve based on the potential of the community to be as one.
a. Theory of Territoriality The Theory of Territoriality states the need of man to be
territorially conscious despite their attachment to people and being called to as a social
animal.
b. Theory on Spatial Necessity The Theory discusses an important phase in the planning
layout wherein every space must be taken into consideration for it is an adjacency of
needs. The loss of a particular space could lead to the demise of the entire system.
c. Theory of Arbitration The theory that talks about the intersection of two territory
bubbles being a focal point of interaction and a means of connection. It is a zone of
transition before entering an unknown territory or could even be a buffer zone.
d. Theory of Tactile Perception - the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by
processing information that is felt or even perceived through the sense of touch. The
resulting perception is also known as sense of perceiving something that is physical that
of which that has a form and a vessel of conception through the use of skin or by a sense
of touch.

16

IV.

Related Studies

A. Exploratory Research on Sports Facilities Construction in Malaysia

According to the Study by the group of Bujang B. K. Huat published last 2010 in
Malaysia, Sports and sports facilities development have improved rapidly over the past years
in Malaysia. However, such improvements are inadequate compared to the overall
development of sports at international level. In recent years sport is getting more and more
influential and it will continue to grow in importance, even for developing countries. Recent
developments have witnessed the use of sports facilities as a force for urban growth. The aim
of this research is to examine the relationship between sports facilities and urban
development in Malaysia. The study uses the expert opinion of town planners, as key players
in decision making, working in the specific government's agencies either in Kuala Lumpur or
all 13 states, who are responsible for formulating and administrating all national policies
relating to town and country planning. The paper argues that simultaneously with emphasis
on creating a sports culture among Malaysian, there is a need for a new perspective and a
new approach for sports facilities development in the future. In addition, further investigation
on the impacts of sports facilities might help to improve the effectiveness and contribution of
sports facilities to urban development.
B. Professional Sports Facilities, Franchises and Urban Economic Development
According to the Study of Department of Economics of University of Maryland,
Baltimore Country, Dennis Coates and Brad Humphreys, last 2005, Local political and
community leaders and the owners of professional sports teams frequently claim that
professional sports facilities and franchises are important engines of economic development
in urban areas. These structures and teams allegedly contribute millions of dollars of net new

17

spending annually and create hundreds of new jobs, and provide justification for hundreds of
millions of dollars of public subsidies for the construction of many new professional sports
facilities in the United Sates over the past decade. Despite these claims, economists have
found no evidence of positive economic impact of professional sports teams and facilities on
urban economies. We critically review the debate on the economic effects of professional
sports and their role as an engine of urban economic redevelopment, with an emphasis on
recent economic research.
C. Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness: Understanding and Enhancing the
Relationship
According to the Study of Geoffrey Godbey last 2009; the research literature on
outdoor recreation as it relates to human health is vast and growing. To help policymakers
take new and emerging findings into account when designing recreation and park services
and initiatives for the 21st century, this paper summarizes the salient issues and identifies
research gaps. It considers how being outside in natural surroundings may improve health
and how outdoor physical activities benefit participants. Particular attention is given to
childrens health problems that can be mitigated through outdoor play, sports, and nature
study. The paper describes approaches to measuring physical activity and recent trends in
park visitation and outdoor activity participation. It looks at variables that affect participation
in outdoor activities and considers the projected demographic changes that will affect
policymaking in this arena. The findings of this literature review point to potential new
directions for outdoor recreation policy, as well as new policy questions to be explored.

18

D. Homeownership, Community Interactions, and Segration

According to Karla Hoff and Arjit Sen in their study last May 2004, considering a
multi-community city where community quality is linked to residents civic efforts, such as
being proactive in preventing crime and ensuring the quality of publicly provided goods.
Homeownership increases incentives for such efforts, but credit market imperfections force
the poor to rent. Within-community externalities can lead to segregated citieswith the rich
living with the rich in healthy homeowner communities, and the poor living with the poor in
dysfunctional renter communities. The pattern of tenure segregation across communities in
the United States accords well with the studys prediction. The authors analyze alternative
tax-subsidy policies to alleviate inefficiencies in the housing market and identify the winners
and losers under such policies. This papera product of Investment Climate, Development
Research Groupis part of a larger effort in the group to understand how external agents can
best complement the strategies of the poor to improve the responsiveness of local
government and to strengthen community institutions.

19

Chapter I.3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE

I.

Research Method
The research method to be used in this study is the descriptive method with the
implication of case study and survey method wherein it will attempt to describe
systematically the present situation of the Architectural Design of a Vertical School, Training
Ground and Inbound Housing Facility for the Athletes whose origin came from the provinces
and that it will eventually observe problematic areas of interest like issues on proper
dimensioning and layout or the problem on proper space planning of adjacency and the like.
This research method is to be factually and accurately done in a descriptive manner.

II.

Research Instruments
The research instruments to be used in this empirical study are the tools that will be
used in the data gathering phase of the research, such instruments include records, log book
information, survey questionnaires, interviews and observations on the case study
perspective. These questionnaires are limited to the athletes more so they will be asked with
specific questions so as data to be collected will much more decided and easy to analyze. The
set of questions to be asked are about issues on convenience and accessibility, adequacy of
dimensions, spaces and layouts and others like age, gender and preferences that are related to
the facilities they need. Other research instruments also include interviews on the
management of the facilities and interviews on experts and professionals diverse in the field
of sports and athletics that of which is with regards to its architectural design.

20

III.

Research Locale
The case study is conducted in the Amoranto

Sports Complex facility located in Quezon City. The

rationale for choosing its locale is that it is utmost
interactive for the fact that is a sports complex with
almost complete amenities and that it is interactive given
that it is near residential and commercial zones. The

Fig. 1 Site Location

relation of this sports facility to its community is that it is a center of recreation and
interaction amidst an almost passive environment. The map attached shows its location, its
relation to its neighbors and the access routes it is connected to.

IV.

Population universe and the subjects of the study

The Population universes of this study are the athletes of the said facility wherein

these athletes are involved to its primary function. It will be specific to say that the
population universe of this study are those that compete and live within using the said facility
given that the chosen timeframe is bounded from year 2013 to year 2014. The population
universe of this study is individuals that are referred to have special characteristics that are
related to the subject of the proponent. An example of this is that sports facilities like
basketball courts are used by basketball athletes and that no other users could give data
related to it other than them who play basketball for the courts usage knowing its
advantages, its disadvantages and many other things to reconsider.

21

V.

Sampling Procedure
The sampling procedure to be used is the non-random sampling procedure. It is
selected for easy utilization just as if given the log book of information of all of those using
the facility could already give me a list of possible sampling group. For easier sampling, the
proponent could just assign numbers to each of the names in the log book and selecting
numbers at regular intervals to arrive a sampling group representing the entity based on the
acquired data from them.

VI.

Research Design
The research design that will be used in its study is still descriptive. Given if the

data has already been acquired and that it has already been organized, it must be studied and
must be interpreted through a certain phase. That phase is a descriptive phase for the
proponent will only describe the acquired data and that it will be organized in order to move
to a preceding phase.

VII.

Statistical treatment
The statistical is descriptive wherein after the data is collected, it will be statistically

treated acquiring its mean, median and mode. The stated means are solid ways and that it is
most of the time accurate and precise. Descriptive statistical treatment could be mean
meaning getting the average majority amongst the sample group and interpreting it as a most
effective data for it is the average. Median meaning something that is in the middle would
mostly likely to be considered or must it be mode wherein the majority number against the
minority would have to be the precise winning answer to formulate a conclusion.

22

Chapter I.4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS SUMMARY OF FINDING AND ANALYSIS

I.

Presentation of collected data in the Context of Case Study

The Amoranto

Sports

Complex is

sports

complex

located

in Quezon

City, Philippines. The complex has several venues, including a main stadium that is used
for football, athletics, and others sports. The main stadium has a seating capacity of 15,000
spectators. There is also a velodrome that hosted the cycling events for the 2005 Southeast
Asian Games.

Fig. 2 Site Key Plan

1 - Front gate to Multipurpose Hall, 2 - Multipurpose Hall Exterior, 3 - Multi-Purpose Hall
Interior, 4 - Basketball Court, 5 - Outdoor Courts, 6 - Oval Stadium, 7 - Swimming pool
Front Gate, 8 - Swimming Pool Area, 9 - Badminton Area and ASC Theater
23

i.

Front Gate to Multi-Purpose Hall

The Front gate faces Don. A Roces Street and it is referred to as Gate 1 which is the
primary entrance to the Multipurpose Hall, Basketball courts, Outdoor Courts and
many other sports stadiums that of which excludes the Oval Stadium and the
Swimming pool area.

Fig. 3 Amoranto Sports Complex Front Gate

ii.

Multipurpose Hall
The multi-purpose hall serves as an assembly area that could be used into many
activities and could also host certain sports competitions and tournaments both indoor
and outdoor sports like chest, badminton, volleyball, combat sports and also dance.

Fig. 4 Amoranto Sports Multi-Purpose Hall

24

iii.

Indoor Basketball Courts

The Indoor Basketball Court is used the same way the multi-purpose hall is used. Just
as it is more concerned with Physical Activities and that it is more open rather than
enclosed so as to inhibit natural ventilation. It is also primarily used to be a gathering
hall for all sorts and could be used for tournament propers

Fig. 5 Amoranto Sports Complex Basketball Court

iv.

Outdoor Basketball Courts

The Outdoor Court is not just used for basketball but it is also used for tennis,
badminton, volleyball and sports of all sorts. Although it doesnt have a huge
bleacher to accommodate viewers, it is just for training and for usage in team plays by
many athletes. What is good about it is that is has passive cooling and that it has
although few, trees for shade. The outdoor area also encompass multi-functional use
for outdoor gathering area so as people could get a nicer and cooler atmosphere
during gatherings.

Fig. 6 Amoranto Sports Complex Outdoor Basketball Court

25

v.

Oval Stadium
The Oval Stadium is the ASCs most priced landmark that of which encompasses a
huge field for multi-functional uses. The Oval Stadium functions as a huge gathering
area of all sorts just as it is also used as a jogging area, track and field training area
and many more. The Huge oval arena have also hosted horse racing and many other
events like how the Philippines hosted cycling events last 2005 in the southeast Asian
games tournament

Fig. 7 Amoranto Sports Complex Oval Stadium

vi.

Swimming Pool Front Gate

The Swimming Pool Entrance has a huge parking space and that it has an outdoor
basketball area that could be used by the caretakers or some free play athletes. The
front gate is only accessible to the swimming pool users and to the badminton area
though to the theater.

Fig. 8 Amoranto Sports Complex Swimming Pool Gate

26

vii.

Swimming Pool area

The Swimming Pool Area has a 50 meter Olympic size swimming pool with eight
lanes for swimming athletes. The swimming pool area has a bleacher on its own and
it is elevated with its shower area below. It has a lifeguard chair at both endpoints and
the swimming pool area is accessible through to the badminton indoor area.

Fig. 9 Amoranto Sports Complex Swimming Pool Area

viii.

Badminton Area
The Badminton area is an indoor arena for badminton athletes though which it is
located under the bleachers of the oval stadium. The Badminton arena suffers from
poor ventilation yet is customized for the usage of badminton athletes alone. Never
used for multi-functional gatherings.

Fig. 10 Amoranto Sports Complex Badminton Area

27

II.

Need Analysis
The methods used in this study is not only limited to case study that of which has been
done through observation of the said facility and taking photos of the current built
environment. The Methods also encompasses interview method and survey method. The
Survey method will be discussed in the quantitative and qualitative analysis just as the
interview method and the case study method will be discussed here through a deeper
analysis of what is really needed and what could be interpreted from the data collected
from both.
a. Case Study Method
In the Case study method, the proponent had an empirical way of yearning to
understand the current built environment. It has been studied and has been
observed with in a naturalistic setting and data has been collected in a primary
source of information. The Amoranto sports stadium is a sports facility that is
used out of time that of which it has been left to adapt to the way it was built and
used in its primary age. In this current setting, it is still usable provided that it has
the facilities these athletes needed the most for their training and as a setting for
their tournaments yet so, the said facility lacks the adequate maintenance it needs
to function at all cost. It may seem hard to maintain a facility that is not used
anymore by most of the athletes yet it is not used because it is almost at a state of
decay. However, retrofitting the said facility and imbuing certain aspects might
increase it capacity to perform again as a wholesome system. The Facility could
be used to house athletes coming in the province to be in an inbound housing with
proper education, training and nourishment for their exemplified performances.

28

As observed, The athletes that has no adequate funding suffers from the atrocity
of living underneath bleachers or even having the lack of self-sustenance or even
education in the sense of communication, proper grooming and etiquette. Such as,
those that they lack could be government supplied without even consuming too
much. The facility inhibits a potential for upgrading, and that some of its
components needed to be detached and replaced with something usable for people
to use like athletes who give their time and effort trying to excel the most in what
they do best.
b. Interview Method
The Interview Method is executed in the presence of the Philippine Sports
Commission Chair person. Although it has been prepared three weeks before, the
chairman failed to comply to the request of interview and has not emailed or
replied on the context of the questionnaire for interview. However, the need
analysis for the interview method shall be updates as soon as the Chairman of the
Philippine Sports commission has replied to the need to answer certain issues that
correlate the issue of Sports facilities more so to the need of athletes that lacks
financial assistance from the government. We asked the chairman numerous
questions on how we could upgrade certain facilities and how probable it is to
finance a vertical inbound housing facility for athletes with school, training
facilities and a multi-functional space for them to use so as to attain growth not
only personally but professionally. The need to comply to their needs inhibit a
greater potential of uplifting the Philippine national pride of not only building a
brighter future but investing into something worth it.

29

III.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

This part of the results and discussion phase is facilitated through the use of survey
method. In which, the proponent prepared a questionnaire that of which is related to the
issue of the architectural design of the Sports Facilities the athletes are using. The
Questionnaire is distributed to 100 variables selected through random sampling amongst
different sports facilities divided equally amongst their locality with equal and fair
percentage of treatment. Such that, the data collected from the survey questionnaires are
interpreted and manifested in the following graphical presentations with an adequate
explanation and interpretation after each question.
i.

What are the spaces within the sports facility that you are using most as an
athlete of good faith?
16
14

12
10
8

a. What are the common

space requirements that
you are using in
recreational sports
facilities?

6
4
2

Fig. 11 Graphical Chart Commonly Used Space in Sports Complex

In this figure, we can see that most of the proponents that use it is swimming having a
number of 15 respondents, next is Tennis with 14 respondents, followed by
Basketball with 13 respondents and then Volleyball with 12 respondents, Badminton
with 11 respondents, Track and field with 10 respondents, Fitness with 8 respondents,
30

dance with 7 respondents and Boxing with other sports having 5 respondents each.
Meaning to say that swimming pools and courts for ball games needed the most
attention for upgrade and that it is what is need more if in a proposal of such facility.
ii.

Are the architectural design considerations adequate in its space planning

procedure and usage?

a. Are the spaces adequate in terms of space and

dimension?
5%
15%

27%

Strongly Agree
Agree
Maybe

25%

Disagree
Strongly Disagree

28%

Fig. 12 Graphical Chart Adequacy of Space in Terms of Dimension

In this figure, most of the proponents are in doubt of having an adequate space
dimension in their facilities having 28% of the proponent to have a maybe on to it.
Yet so, 27% says that it is adequate while 25% says that it isnt adequate. The 15%
strongly disagrees in its adequacy while a minimum of 5% are strongly agreed on its
adequate dimensioning.

31

b. Are you comfortable using the said facility?

5%
Strongly Agree

10%

Agree

38%
15%

Maybe
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

32%

Fig. 13 Graphical Chart Comfort ability of Spaces

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 38% strongly Disagreed that the
facilities are comfortable, while some of them disagreed with a 32% from the total.
15% are in doubt of it while 10% agreed that is comfortable and yet a 5% from the
total strongly agreed that it is comfortable.

c. Do you think that your commonly used

facility needs improvement?
6%
11%

Strongly Disagree
Disagree

39%
13%

Maybe

Agree
31%

Strongly Agree

Fig. 14 Graphical Chart Opinion on Improvement

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 39% strongly Agreed that the facilities
needs improvement, while some of them Agreed with a 31% from the total. 13% are
in doubt of it while 11% disagreed that it needs improvement and yet a 6% from the
total strongly disagreed that it needs improvement.

32

d. Does the improvement involve space planning

and the adequacy of spaces?
8%

Strongly Disagree
11%

38%

Disagree

11%

Maybe
Agree
Strongly Agree

32%

Fig. 15 Graphical Chart Improvement that involves the Adequacy of Spaces

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 38% strongly Agreed that the
improvement involve space planning and adequacy of spaces, while some of them
agreed with a 32% from the total. 11% are in doubt of it while there is also an 11%
that disagreed that the improvement involve space planning and adequacy of spaces
and yet a 5% from the total strongly disagreed that the improvement involve space
planning and adequacy of spaces.
iii.

What are the ideas of athletes with regards to the upgrading of such facilities for
better usage?
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28

a. What do you think

should be added to the
facility that could
greatly enhance your
performance?
Inbound Housing
Facility

Educational
Institute for
Learning

Better Training
Facilities

Fig. 16 Graphical Chart Commonly Used Space in Sports Complex

33

In this figure, it is opted that majority of the athletes with a percentage of 36%
ofcourse wanted better training facilities. Next to that is that they wanted an
Educational Institute for learning having a percentage of 33% and next to that which
complements to all is that 31% percent wanted a better inbound housing facility. The
three of them could be constituted into a triad and that their combination could lead
into a proposal of a better integrated and united structure.

b. Do you think that upgrading the sports and recreation facility

with those stated in the previous question could greatly enhance
the performance of athletes?
0% 3%
6%
Strongly Disagree
23%

Disagree
Maybe
Agree

68%

Strongly Agree

Fig. 17 Graphical Chart Opinion on the benefit of Upgrading

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 68% strongly Agreed that the upgrade
and integration of sports facilities could improve their performance, while some of
them agreed with a 23% from the total. 6% are in doubt of it while 3% disagreed that
the upgrade and integration of sports facilities could improve their performance and
yet a 0% from the total strongly disagreed that the upgrade and integration of sports
facilities could improve their performance.

34

iv.

What are the potential contributions and importance of these facilities to the
athletes and what is the effect of proposing the upgrade of the facilities to their
performance?

a. Are you performing well with the current status of the sport
facility you are into?

6%
9%

Strongly Agree
42%

12%

Agree
Maybe
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

31%

Fig. 18 Graphical Chart Opinion on performance based on presently used facilities

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 42% strongly Disagreed that they are
performing well with the kind of facilities they are into, while some of them
disagreed with a 31% from the total. 12% are in doubt of it while 9% agreed that that
they are performing well with the kind of facilities they are into and yet a 6% from
the total strongly agreed that that they are performing well with the kind of facilities
they are into.

35

a. Are you performing well with the current status of the sport
facility you are into?
6%

9%

Strongly Agree

Agree

42%

12%

Maybe
Disagree

31%

Strongly Disagree

Fig. 19 Graphical Chart Opinion on performance based on presently used facilities

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 42% strongly Disagreed that they are
performing well with the kind of facilities they are into, while some of them
disagreed with a 31% from the total. 12% are in doubt of it while 9% agreed that that
they are performing well with the kind of facilities they are into and yet a 6% from
the total strongly agreed that that they are performing well with the kind of facilities
they are into.

b. Do you tend to perform better in a well maintained facility?

3% 4%

6%

Strongly Disagree
Disagree

56%

31%

Maybe
Agree
Strongly Agree

Fig. 20 Graphical Chart Opinion on performance in a well maintained facility

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 56% strongly Agreed that they perform
better in a well maintained facility, while some of them agreed with a 31% from the
total. 6% are in doubt of it while 4% disagreed that they perform better in a well
maintained facility and yet a 3% from the total strongly disagreed that they perform
better in a well maintained facility.
36

c. Does the housing or living quarters you are into comfortable

for your performance in training?
3% 3%

7%

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Maybe

50%
37%

Agree
Strongly Agree

Fig. 21 Graphical Chart Opinion on comfort ability of Housing

In this figure, most of the proponents being a 50% strongly Agreed that they are not
comfortable with the living quarters they are into, while some of them agreed that
they are not comfortable with the living quarters they are into with a 37% from the
total. 7% are in doubt of it while 3% disagreed that they are not comfortable with the
living quarters they are into and yet a 3% from the total strongly disagreed that and
says that they are comfortable with the way they are housed into..

d. If given the opportunity to live, study and train in an inbound

sports facility would you perform better?
0% 0%
6%

Strongly Disagree

16%

Disagree

Maybe
Agree

78%

Strongly Agree

Fig. 22 Graphical Chart Preference to live in an inbound Housing Facility

In this figure, none disagreed to live, study and train in an inbound sports facility.
While 6% are in doubt of it, 16%-78% agreed they would grab the opportunity to
live, study and train in an inbound sports facility.
37

e. Do you believe that proper education, schooling, proper

etiquette, grooming, professional and personal attainment have
a greater weight of satisfaction to your life aside from the sports
that you are passionately involved with?
2%

Agree
Strongly Agree

98%

Fig. 23 Graphical Chart Opinion on the Vitality of Education in the life of athletes
In this figure, none disagreed to the fact that proper education, schooling, etiquette,
grooming, professional and personal attainment has a greater weight of satisfaction to
their life aside from the sports that they are passionately involved with. Almost 100%
agreed to it yet it is subdivided into a 2%-100% Agree to Strongly Agree. Which
means that education really does play a vital role in the life of athletes themselves and
that it is never a concept of live that should be neglected even for athletes themselves
who give most of their time to the way they play and that education must really be a
part of whatever they are into just as I architecture, educational facilities should
always be together with it.

38

Chapter I.5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

I.

Conclusion
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

II.

Recommendation
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

39

PART II: THE RESEARCH FOCUS

40

Chapter II.1
RATIONALE

Sport and recreation has and always been a part of the different cultures. Taking a
look around different beaches and waterways, parks, reserves and sports grounds, it is
obvious that sport is a passion and plays and vital role in each community. Sports bind and
build communities, empower, inspire and motivate individuals, provide work-life balance
and help shape our national character. While we recognize the contribution sport makes to
the building of national pride, and the value of recreation in community health, we may have
overlooked the additional benets these activities bring to society. Sport plays an important
role in society and contributes to our lives in many ways we often dont realize. This study
outlines the unnoticeable benefits that sport and recreation provides.

The rationale of this Study includes the following; Convenience and Accessibility,
Beauty and Visual Appearance, Lesser Cost Output, Considerations imbued with purpose,
Dynamic Circulation, Safety and Security and most of all Environmental Awareness. Just as,
environmentally sustainable architecture and design is the need of the hour having the global
realization of such sustainable facts. Also, there is a sense of urgency to deploy sustainable
means of living having good intentions to change ad regulate things to a better and brighter
future. Awaiting social approval will enable end users of the proposed structure to make a
change to the way we lead our lives. After all, sustainability is a lifestyle to which it is one
that we shouldn't be reluctant to switch to or center into one of the greatest challenges of the
twenty first century architecture.

41

Chapter II.2
PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT

The principles of the Study include accessibility, aesthetics, cost effective solutions,
functional and operational considerations, productive environment for users, safety and
security and environmental sustainability. All of those that are stated above play a vital role
being a part of the principles for its considerations. The relevance of each lies to the fact that
we cannot totally remove them into the building principle. All of those relate to a goal of
successfully attaining having to design building with structure that is accessible to the public
especially to those that has disability, innovating a structure that is dynamic and is pleasing to
the eyes, promoting an economic way of designing buildings limiting the need for
construction materials and construction manpower, encouraging a design with purpose that is
both a necessity and a luxury for its users, planning a structure that is environmentally useful
and formative to people in a multi-functional role, emphasizing a design with concern and
liability to the public as it should be a safeguarding element for the users and to the public
and lastly, empowering environmental awareness reducing the effects of harmful elements to
the surroundings such as global warming and the like.

Fig. 24 Relationship of Economy, Society and Environment with each other

42

Chapter II.3
APPLICATION TO THE PROJECT

The Application of Convenience and Accessibility, Beauty and Visual Appearance,

Lesser Cost Output, Considerations imbued with purpose, Dynamic Circulation, Safety and
Security and most of all Environmental Awareness to the project will make it less
problematic. Convenience and Accessibility will make the project easy to access and should
be disable friendly, Beauty and Visual Appearance will make it attractive for people and that
it will be easy to appreciate, Lesser cost output will make it economic and save outputs to be
used onto other means, Considerations imbued with purpose will make each space vital make
every circulation viable and most of all, lessen dullness and boredom into the structure.
Dynamic Circulation will make the project building be planned in coordination with its
function. Safety and Security will make people be comfortable without having the doubt of
harm and any other bad omens that might happen and most of all, Environmental Awareness
shall open the eyes of many into the innovation of a new world concept of sustainability.
Environmental Awareness is the key to the existing built environments problem on
carbon emission, and unprecedented damage on the environment. Environmental Awareness
shall make the building be at an efficient point and should answer every aspect from first
phase onto the final. All of those innovations and implications shall guarantee the in adept
adaption of the project into a new and outstanding building meeting all the solutions to
present day problems and ofcourse, be a sample or a model for the future to uphold a design
that shall be a trend to the same field of study. In this paper, we opt to imply every aspect and
it is expected that every point of the principles presented should be attained.
43

PART III: SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS

44

Chapter III.1
SITE SELECTION PROCESS

I.

Criteria for Site Selection

Vertical School, Training Center and inbound Housing Facility for the Philippine

National Athletes is the proposed structure to which the Building Type should be a single
multi-storey massive structure housing all sports and recreational facilities within that would
promote a sense of belongingness. The Target end market users are the community and the
national athletes for reasons on team building, brotherhood, camaraderie and many others
that would bind people together. Site should be a community detached lacking a center for
recreational bonding and that should and could cater a massive structure for its upbringing.
The Criteria for Site Selection first starts with primary questions on Problems, Goals and
Objectives to which the Problem is about having a site that will answer the need of the study
to propose a Vertical Development of a school, training center and an inbound housing
facility for the Philippine National Athletes. The Goals of the Site Selection indicates
maximum benefit of the benefactor, sponsor, user and many more that are involved with its
usage and an answer to the research focus principles presented in the chapters II.1, II.2 and
II.3. With that, research instruments on the natural aspect, climatic aspect and cultural aspect
are to be presented on the Selected Sites Justification. But before that, other Criteria where
investigated to which the following are to be considered; Availability of the Lots, Land-Use,
Land Area, Access routes, Access to utilities like water, electricity, drainage and the like,
Site Development Cost per square meter, Adequacy of lot space for future expansions and
the considerations on risks like phenomenal hazards of flood, earthquake and more.

45

II.

Site Option Description

Site A: Brgy. Ususan, Municipality of Taguig, Rizal

Fig. 25 Site Selection; Site A at Ususan, Taguig

Republic of the Philippines

Owner

8,749m2

Lot Area

Commercial and/or Institutional

Lot Classification

Interior Lot

Lot Type

None

Existing Built Structures

46

Site B: Panghulo, Municipality of Malabon, Metro Manila

Fig. 26 Site Selection; Site B at Panghulo, Malabon

Republic of the Philippines

Owner

19,714m2

Lot Area

Commercial and/or Industrial

Lot Classification

Interior Lot

Lot Type

None

Existing Built Structures

47

Site C: Bonifacio Global City, Municipality of Taguig, Metro Manila

Fig. 27 Site Selection; Site C at Bonifacio Global City Taguig

Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation

Owner

7,800m2

Lot Area

Commercial and/or Institutional

Lot Classification

4 corner lots

Lot Type

None

Existing Built Structures

48

III.

Site Selection and Justification

In this Part, The Three given sites in Site Options shall be marked according to the

main site selection criteria and principles to which Every Site will be graded from 1-5 in each
category. The grade of 1 is the lowest meaning unparalleled or unfit, while the highest is 5
which mean it suits perfectly and is utmost perfect for the given problem.
Site Selection Criteria

Site A

Site B

Site C

Lot availability as an open space

Land Use

Lot Area

Access Routes

Utilities

Accessibility to Needs

Safety and Security

24

19

28

Total

Fig. 28 Tally of Site Selection and Justification

As was tallied, The Site who got the lowest pointing is Site B in Malabon and then
the one who got the highest with the most number of points is Site C in BGC Taguig. This is
to justify that amongst the three sites presented in Site options, 1 could standout and that the
one that will be chosen for further study and is up to be redeveloped into the solution of the
problem is Site C which is located in Bonifacio Global City, Municipality of Taguig..
49

Chapter III.2
SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS

I.

The Macro Settings

Looking on to the Macro Setting of the Site Selected, It was Located in the Asian

Country Philippines though which it is located at its heart and capital in the Metropolis more
commonly known as the National Capital Region. Herein, It was focused in the Municipality
of Taguig more specifically in the Bonifacio Global City having a concrete and specific
coordinates as was stated in the lot title having ofcourse a specified area of more than
7,800m2.

Fig.29 Macro to Micro Mapping

50

Taguig is a highly urbanized city located in south-eastern portion of Metro Manila in

the Philippines. From a thriving fishing community along the shores of Laguna de Bay, it is
now an important residential, commercial and industrial center. The local government of
Taguig currently administers Fort Bonifacio, considered as one of Metro Manila's central
business districts alongside Makati CBD and Ortigas Center. Other future developments in
the city include Arca South (formerly known as Food Terminal Incorporated) Ayala Land's
70-hectare business and lifestyle district, and Laguna de Bay Lakeshore Development
along C-6 Road.
Taguig City lies on the western shore of Laguna de Bay and is bordered
by Muntinlupa

City to

the

south, Paraaque to

the

southwest, Pasay to

the

west, Cainta and Taytay on the northeast and Makati, Pateros, and Pasig to the north. Taguig
River, a tributary of the Pasig River cuts through the northern half of the municipality and
Napindan River, also a tributary of the Pasig forms the common border of Taguig with Pasig
City.
II.

The Micro Settings

a. The Natural Factors

i. Geology - The sites Geological properties include a natural earth ground formed
by natural phenomenon through the past years. Part of which is grouped according
to the land use just as the city has a majority of residential to commercial to
industrial group. The site is made up of a great thickness of sediments that were
deposited on an ancient sea floor. Three major groups of rocks are represented:
older igneous and Metamorphic bedrock (100 to 75 million years old), older
sedimentary rocks (about 65 to 15 million years old) and younger sedimentary
51

rocks (15 to 1 million years old) through which the sedimentary rock layers contain
shale, siltstone, and sandstone, as well as interbedded volcanic rocks.
ii. Geomorphology - The site is divided structurally into fairly well defined blocks,
mostly by major faults or fault zones. The basin is bounded on two sides by major
faults. Many other folds and faults exist in the basin and most follow the dominant
fault line that lies on the Philippine fault system
iii. Physiographic - The site is composed of sedimentary rock layers containing shale,
siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerates, as well as some interbedded volcanic rocks
with an immense depth of sediments that were deposited on the river or water form
floor. Three major groups of rocks are represented: older igneous and Metamorphic
bedrock (100 to 75 million years old), older sedimentary rocks (about 65 to 15
million years old) and younger sedimentary rocks (15 to 1 million years old).
iv. Soft cape - The soil of the site is of natural earth that is course grained with aspects
of sand, gravel, clay and silts just as part of the sites soils cape were on ponds, pond
soils do not accumulate organic matter as rapidly as often thought by practical aqua
culturists just as Pond soils are sinks for phosphorus with microbial activity in many
pond soils may be nitrogen-limited and although pond bottom soils of this study
exhibited a wide range in chemical and physical characteristics.
v. Topography - Generally flat topography, with slope ranging from 0 to 5%

Fig. 30 Topography Map

52

vi. Vegetation - These soils have wide use for growing orchard, fruit bearing trees of
papaya and others, vegetable, small grain, hay, pastures of domestic animals, and
grass seed crops. Natural vegetation is arateris trees, sugar canes, bamboo, other
shrubs, and grasses.
vii. Wildlife - Wildlife includes farm domestic animals like goat, horse and cows with
home domestic animals ranging from cats, dogs and the like. Aerial animals include
birds like the Maya bird, and other native birds around the area. Rats and wildlife
animals like snakes and crocodiles live within sump areas and water filled land
parts. Also, just as the city is a fishing community, the fishponds have fish
inhabitants like milkfish, tilapia, lapu-lapu, alupihang dagat, pompano and more
like shrimps, crabs, and etc.
viii. Land Contour Map

Fig. 31 Land Contour Map

53

ix. Hydrology - Hydrology of the site barangay has river creeks, with minor lakes used
for fishing ponds and a sea that is accessible through the water routes around in
which river encircles the city proper. Flood Plains susceptible to flooding because
the ground elevation has a 5-6 meter range from the waters depth. Minor rains
cause flooding around areas near the water forms just as the site is exposed to
almost 70% of the total water forms. Elevation within the site may be proposed to
prevent any flooding sustenance. Also, Aquifers with rocks, gravel and sands
wherein ground water runs have been installed just as to serve the water lines in the
city proper. Marsh lands, and mangroves or wetlands with water lilies and other
water plants live to populate the area.
b. The Climatic Factors
i. Sun Path and Wind Rose Diagram

Fig. 32 Windrose Diagram (Right), Sun Path Diagram (Left)

ii. Temperature - Throughout the month of June daytime temperatures will generally
reach highs of around 33C that's about 92F. At night the average minimum
temperature drops down to around 25C, that's 76F.In recent times the highest
recorded temperature in June has been 39C that's 102F, with the lowest recorded
temperature 16C, about 61F.

54

iii. Relative Humidity - The average daily relative humidity for June is around 79%.
iv. Heat Index - The Heat Index is a measure of how hot it feels when relative
humidity is added to actual air temperature. From this a comfort level is calculated
providing categories on how heat conditions might adversely affect someone.
Comfort Levels: Given average maximum temperatures and humidity levels you
can expect dangerous heat conditions. Sunstroke, muscle cramps and heat
exhaustion are likely. Heatstroke is possible with prolonged exposure and/or
physical activity (see heat index for more information).
v. Precipitation - The average monthly amount of precipitation has been recorded at
around 224 mm, that's 9 inches. Throughout the month you can expect to see rain or
drizzle falling on 15 days of the month.
vi.

Estimated Hours of Sunshine per Day - We calculate sunshine hours per day
using our past forecast data. For June expect the sun to shine for an average of 7
hours per day. This represents the average number of hours in the daytime that the
sun is visible and not obscured by cloud e.g. the average number of hours the sun is
actually out and shining. Note we calculate hours of sunshine per day using our past
forecast data, not observation data, thus it is an estimate and not actual.

vii.

Wind - The average daily wind speed in June has been around 4 km/h, thats the
equivalent to about 2 mph, or 2 knots. In recent years the maximum sustained wind
speed has reached 76 km/h, thats the equivalent of around 47 mph, or 41 knots.

viii. Fog - On average the month of June is not affected by foggy conditions.
ix. Water Temperature - The temperature of water an individual will feel comfortable
in is very much personal preference. What feels unbearably cold to one person for a

55

swim might be fine for another. We have created our own Swimming Water
Temperature Index offering a guide to water temperature and comfort levels for
swimming; In June, for the nearest coastal location, the temperature of the sea
averages around 30C, that's 86 Fahrenheit. Our index indicates for swimming in
this is considered very warm and would be enjoyed by all. With this temperature
you can stay active in the water for extended periods of time without feeling
uncomfortable.
c. The Social Factors
Fort Bonifacio also known as Bonifacio Global City, BGC or The Fort is a highly
urbanized unincorporated area in Metro Manila, Philippines.

Fig. 33 Social Data of Bonifacio Global City Taguig

56

It is located 11 km (6.8 mi) south-east of the center of Manila in an area disputed

between the cities of Makati and Taguig as well as the municipality of Pateros. In recent
years, the district has experienced robust commercial growth through the sale of military land
by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). The entire district used to be
the part of the main Philippine Army camp. In 1995, Bonifacio Land Development
Corporation (BLDC) started planning a major urban developmentBonifacio Global City.
BLDC made a successful bid to become BCDA's partner in the development of the district.
The Ayala Corporation through Ayala Land, Inc., and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. of the
Campos Group purchased a controlling stake in BLDC from Metro Pacific in 2003. BCDA
and the two companies now control Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, which
oversees the master planning of Bonifacio Global City.

d. The Aesthetic Factors

In 1995, Bonifacio Land Development Corporation, a consortium led
by Metro Pacific, made a successful bid to become BCDA's partner in the
development of Bonifacio Global City (BGC), the Home of Passionate Minds. Ayala
Land, Inc. and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. of the Campos Group purchased a
controlling stake in BLDC from Metro Pacific in 2003. BCDA and the two
companies control Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, which oversees the
master planning of Bonifacio Global City. The Bonifacio Global City is a rich district
with a high number of skyscrapers, even as the city is still rising. Many skyscrapers
are under construction and will be built in future.
Bonifacio Global City is between EDSA and C-5 Road. There are seven major
access points: access from the North and West through Kalayaan Avenue which
connects it to the North Gate and the Kalayaan Flyover, access from Taguig in the
57

West via EDSA through McKinley Road and to the McKinley Gate; the three main
entrances (Upper East Gate, Sampaguita Gate, and Lower East Gate) from C-5
highway in the East; and from the airport through the Villamor Airbase to the South
Gate by Fifth Avenue and Lawton Avenue. The trouble is McKinely Road, that has
already reached its maximum traffic density, but due to the residential areas (and
Manila Polo Club) cannot be expanded. BGC is home to upscale residential
condominiums such as Essensa, Serendra, Pacific Plaza Towers, One McKinley
Place, The Luxe Residences, Bonifacio Ridge Twin Towers, and Regent Parkway and
corporate office buildings such as Net One and Bonifacio Technology Center. Most
trendy restaurants, bars, clubs, and retail outlets are on Bonifacio's High Street, The
Shops at Serendra (a.k.a. Piazza or Serendra Plaza), The Fort Square, and The Fort
Strip. The Bonifacio Stop-over and the Car Plaza cater to motorists. BGC is currently
anchored by a major shopping center, Ayala Land's Market! Market! And, by
2013, SM Aura Premier is a shopping mall, owned by SM Prime Holdings (the
largest mall developer in the Philippines), which will be part of the Bonifacio Civic
Centre. The mall is located along C5 Road corner M.H. Del Pilar Drive (near
Sampaguita Interchange). The Civic Center will also feature a Convention Centre /
Trade Hall that will serve the community of the entire Taguig City and will include
the SM Lifestyle Mall which will house the fourth IMAX Theatre in the country.
Many Filipino and multinational corporations have acquired properties and
have committed to relocate their global, regional or national headquarters in the
business district.

58

Opened in late 2009, St. Luke's Medical Center consists of a 16-storey

hospital building with 600 patient beds and an 11-storey medical arts building with
374 doctor's clinics and 10 institutes. A coliseum and convention center which is to
be built by North shore Holdings, Inc. and the Taguig city administration will be on a
35,000 square meter site adjacent to Market! Market!. The Bonifacio Civic Center
will include a hotel, office building, serviced apartments, a shopping center, and a
food court. The Shangri-La Hotel Group in 2008 undertook the groundbreaking
of Shangri-La at the Fort. Scheduled to open in 2014, Shangri-La at the Fort will be a
60-storey mixed-used landmark with 577 hotel guestrooms, 97 hotel residences and
96 luxury condominiums. It is situated along Fifth Avenue and will be sharing the
prime block with the new headquarters building and the unified bourse of
the Philippine Stock Exchange which is expected to be completed in 2016. Many
foreign embassies moved from Ayala Avenue in Fort Bonifacio to its permanent
location now near the Global City's center in 2008. The master plan of Fort Bonifacio
was recently updated to allow efficient traffic management and circulation.

Fig. 34 Skyline Photo of Bonifacio Global City

59

i. Educational Institutions Such Institutions include Leaders International

Christian

School

of

Manila, British

School

Manila, International

School

Manila, Manila Japanese School, Korean International School Philippines, Treston

International College, STI College, and MGC-New Life Christian Academy Global City are all in the University Parkway of Bonifacio Global City. Other
educational institutions in the area include the Global City Innovative College, and
the Every Nation Leadership Institute.
ii. Bonifacio Global City Center - The Bonifacio Global City Center forms the
physical core of the Bonifacio Global City and is essentially designed as a three-bythree matrix of high-tech offices and residential buildings, bustling retail outlets and
pedestrian-friendly roads and walkways. The grid approach ensures a city center
that is easy to navigate. The 5th and 11th Avenues and 32nd and 26th Streets serve
as the boundaries of the city center. The Retail Promenade which encompasses the
29th Street is characterized by abundant landscaped areas. Its design concept is
centered on an east-west central access with well-known brands and activity pods. It
offers retail at the ground level and offices at the second floor. The City Square
Blocks feature landscaped areas and parks. This is the place for community
activities, where people in Bonifacio Global City can come together. It is an ideal
location for hotels, conference facilities and entertainment venues.
iii. Shopping areas Shopping Areas include Market! Market!, Serendra, Bonifacio
High Street, High-street South Block, Forbeswood Heights, The Fort Strip, The
Forum, Venice Piazza, SM Aura Premier, Uptown Mall, Burgos Circle, The Big
Apple and many more.

60

iv. Church Churches include Saint Michael Church (formerly known as St. Michael
Chaplaincy), Every Nation Ministries or the (Victory Christian Fellowship), New
Life Christian Center Taguig (located inside the Market! Market! Mall) and St.
Pedro Calungsod Chapel (Diocese of Pasig) (located inside SM Aura Premier).
III.

Related Laws and Ordinances

61

62

63

64

65

66

Chapter III.3
SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS

I.

Site Analysis
The Following Photos will show the typical analysis of the site that of which
involves Access Routes, Sun Path, Wind Source and Noise from the existing built
environment.
a. Access Route Mapping

Fig. 35 Access Route Mapping of Site Selected

67

b. Sun Path Mapping

Fig. 36 Sun Path Mapping of Site Selected

c. Wind Source Mapping
Fig. 37 Wind Source Mapping of Site Selected

68

d. Possible Noise Source Mapping

Fig. 38 Noise Source Mapping of Site Selected

69

II.

Proposed Site Development Plan and Building Mass 1

Fig. 39 Scheme 1: Site Development Plan

Fig. 40 Scheme 1: Building Mass

70

III.

Proposed Site Development Plan and Building Mass 2

Fig. 41 Scheme 2: Site Development Plan

Fig. 42 Scheme 2: Building Mass

71

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http://www.dsr.wa.gov.au//assets/files/Advocacy/More%20than%20winning.pdf
http://www.sws.org.ph/youth.htm
http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatricts; 107/6/1459
http://www.rappler.com/sports/10591-the-problem-with-philippine-sports
Source: http://www.mb.com.ph/mactan-eyed-as-sports-tourism-hub/
Source: http://www.manilatimes.net/philippine-sports-is-a-mess-coseteng/18696/

73

APPENDICES

74

75

76

77