(U4. Managing across cultures.English for Bus.

)
1. Collectivists believing that the group is more important
than the individual
2. Compromise reducing demands or changing opinions in
order to agree
3. Confrontation a face-to-face disagreement or argument
4. Connections people of influence or importance with whom
you are associated
5. Eye contact looking directly at the people you are talking
or listening to
6. Glocalization an invented word combining worldwide and
regional concerns
7. Improvise to do something when necessary without having
already planned it
8. Interrupt to cut into someone elses turn to speak
9. Intuition understanding or knowing without consciously
using reason
10. Logic thought based on reason and judgment rather than
feelings and emotions
11. Lose face to be humiliated or disrespected in public
12. Status respect, prestige or importance given to someone
(Business across cultures 1,2,3.test)
1. Nu sunt cuvinte pentru vocabulary doar exercitii

(Business across cultures 1,2,3.BVU)

2. Culture the way things are doing in a country, an area, a
social class or an organization

3. Company/corporate culture the way a particular company

works, and the things it believes are important
4. Canteen culture the way that people in an organization
such as the police think and talk, not approved by the leaders
of the organization
5. Long-hours culture where people are expected to work for
a long time each day
6. Macho culture ideas typically associated with men:
physical strength, aggressiveness
7. Stereotypes fixed ideas that may not be true
8. Business lunches take place in restaurants, where deals are
discussed; professional and private life are separate.
9. Corporate hospitality is a big industry with clients invited
to big sport events
10. Presenteeism being at work when you dont need to be
11. Lunch break two-hour break for taking a lunch
(Corporate culture BBASB)
12. Dress code-when your company tells you what sort of
clothes you should wear to work
13. Cut-throat competition-when the rivalty between different
companies is very fierce
14. Martket share-when the amount a company sells rises faster
than its competitors
15. Rat race-when workers compete with each other in a very
stressful way to get to the top of their companies or
prefessions
16. Made redundant-when you lose your job because of market
forces
17. Sink or swim-the situation in a company where you are not
given much help learning your job

18. Red tape-bureaucratic paperwork

19. Board of directors-the top executives who make the
important strategic decisions for a company
20. Bottom line-the final profit or loss of a company
(Corporate culture BBPISB)
21. A loan- a sum of money which you borrow from a bank or
person for a period of time
22. A mortgage-a sum of money which you borrow from the
bank so that you can buy a house
23. Interest-a sum of extra money which you pay when you pay
back a sum that you borrowed
24. An overdraft-an agreement with the bank which allows you
to spend more money than you have in your account
25. Current account-is a bank account for writing cheques and
paying bills
26. Deposit account-is a bank account for saving money for a
long time
27. Interest rate-is the interest that the bank charges on a
loan,expressed as a percentage
28. A standing order-is an instruction to a bank to make a
regular payment to someone
29. A direct debit is an agreement that a company can regularly
collect an amount of money from their customers bank
account (for example to pay bills)
(Unit 25. Efficiency and employment)
30. Flexible labour market a situation in which it is easy for
company to hire non-permanent staff
31. Downsizing decreasing the number of permanent
employees working for an organization

32. Outsourcing or contracting-out using other business or

subcontractors to supply components or services
33. Job sharing employing 2 or more people on a part-time
basis to perform a job normally available to 1 person
working full time
34. Relocation or delocalization moving some of a businesss
activities (e.g. accounting, production) to another place or
country
35. Delayering removing unproductive parts of the
management hierarchy to make organizations more flexible
and efficient
36. Rationalization or restructuring reorganizing a company,
business or system in a new way to reduce costs and improve
efficiency and effectiveness
37. Contract work temporary employment by an organization
to do a specific project or piece of work
38. Casual work temporary employment that is not regular or
fixed
39. Rightsizing another way of saying downsizing, through it
could also describe increasing the size of an organization
perhaps as an attempt to correct a previous downsizing
40. Fire and sack often mean to be dismissed because the
person has done something wrong
41. Lay off and make redundant are more often used when
members of staff are no longer necessary
(Unit 3. Recruitment and selection. Bus.Voc.En)
42. Recruitment / hiring the process of finding people for
particular jobs
43. Headhunters outside specialists
44. Headhunt people for very important jobs

45. Covering letter explanation why a person wants the job

and why he is the right person for it.
46. Background of applicants is the experience of different
jobs and educational qualifications of the applicants
47. References a letter from a previous employer testifying to
someones ability or reliability, used when applying for a
new job.
48. Turn it down to reject some offered or proposed job

(Unit 4. Employment and employability.Bus.Voc)

49. In-house work inside the company
50. Professional development the training courses where
people can keep up with current trends in the industry
51. Employable having the skills needed to get a job
52. Lifelong learning continuing to develop our knowledge by
going on courses and reading journals
53. Portfolio workers workers who have a portfolio or range of
different clients/ someone who does work for a number of
different companies
54. Freelancer a person who offer consultancy services to
different companies.
55. Career move when you get a better job and switch from
one job to another you have
56. Consultant someone who offers professional advice to
companies
(Unit 5. Recruitment En.Bus.Stud.3ed)
57. Nu sunt cuvinte pentru vocabulary doar ex
(Unit 5. Flexibility and inflexibility.Bus.Voc)

58. Temporary workers who only work for the short periods
when they are needed, either on a temporary contract with a
company, or through a temp agency
59. Part-time workers who work less than a full working week
60. Job sharing where 2 people share a particular job, each of
them working part-time.
61. Flexible working gives employees flexibility on how long,
where and when they work
62. Job flexibility work practice that allows the employees a
certain degree of freedom in deciding how the work will be
done and how they'll coordinate their schedules with those of
other employees
63. Redundancy payments a sum of money given by an
employer to an employee who has been made redundant:
usually calculated on the basis of the employee's rate of pay
and length of service (one weeks salary for every year
worked is the norm)
64. Flexible market a job market that gives employers a lot of
freedom
65. Job protection the legal rights that workers have
to keep their job if they miss work because of illness,
looking after a baby, a strike, etc.
66. Job insecurity the probability that an individual will keep
his or her job; (a job with a high level of job security is such
that a person with the job would have a small chance of
becoming unemployed.)
67. Parental leave the employers who have time off following
the birth of children
68. Sick pay wages/compensations received from an employer
during the illness
69. Unemployment benefits the money paid to people without
jobs

70. Rigid labor market one with too much job protection

84. Self-sufficient able to provide everything you need for

yourself without the help of other people

(Unit 22. Recruitment.Bus.Bench.Pre.Int)

71. Nu sunt cuvinte pentru vocabulary doar exercitii
(Unit 1. Staff development and training)
72.
(Unit 16. Work.life.balance.Bus.Voc.Use)
73. Burn-out or breakdown people who are no longer able to
work
74. Stress factor something that causes stress
75. Stress symptom assign that someone is under stress
76. Stress toll the total amount of damage caused by stress
77. Stress management ways of dealing with stress
78. Stress industry term used by critics to refer to counseling,
research, done in relation to stress

(Letters of application.ExpressPubl)
85. A formal letter of application-is written on applying for a job
or a place on an educational course
86. A job application-includes educational/professional
qualifications
87. Qualifications-details of previous experience
88. Experience-as well as the aplicants qualities and skills
89. Courier-he had to drive carefully so that deliveries werw
transported safely and on time
90. Pilot-a person who is in control of a large aircraft carrying
up to 300 passengers
91. Journalist-a person who managed to be ready even at a
minutes notice when a story broke out
92. Fireman-a job that involved being brave as I had to take risks

(Unit 18. The workforce of the future.Bus.Brench)

79. Self-controlled having strong control over your emotions
and actions
80. Self-disciplined the ability to make yourself do things you
know should do, even you dont want
81. Self-employed not working for an employer, but finding
work for yourself as having your own business
82. Self-explanatory easily understood from the information
already given and not needing a further explanation
83. Self-financing paid for only by the money that an activity
itself produces

(Unit 3. Letters of enquiry and applications)

93.
(Unit 4. Skills and qualifications.Bus.Voc)
94. Graduates people who have just left university
95. In-house training courses within the company
96. Skill is the ability to do something well, especially because
you have learned how to do and practiced it
97. Self-starters/ proactive/ self-motivated/ self-driver good at
working on their own

98. Methodical/ systematic/ organized can work in a planned,

orderly way
99. Computer-literate good with computers
100.
Numerate good with numbers
101.
Motivated very keen to do well in their job
102.
Talented naturally very good at what they do
103.
Team players people who work well with other
people
(Unit 5. Pay and Benefits.Bus.Voc.Use)
104.
Extra hours/overtime
105.
Minimum wage the lowest amount of money
allowed by lay
106.
Tips money that consumers leave in addition to the
bill
107.
Benefits package commission, bonuses, fringe
benefits that an employed person receives apart from his/her
basic salary
108.
Compensation/Remuneration formal words used to
talk about pay and benefits, especially those of senior
managers which are received if they are forced to leave the
organization
109.
Compensation package/Remuneration package
formal words used in US to talk about pay and benefits, that
employees receive
110.
Share/stock options for senior executives - the
right to buy the companys shares at low prices
111.
Performance-related bonuses all the special
payment that an employed person receives for performing
well in his/her job

112.
Severance package money as a compensation
payment and benefits that a manager receives from a
reverence package
113.
Fat cats are the executives with very high pay and
good benefits

(Unit 8. Employment.New Market Leader Int.BC)

114.
Headhunting it refers to stealing employees from
companies
115.
Action points what needs to be done after the
meeting, and by whom
116.
Chairperson the person in charge of the meeting
117.
Propose to make a suggestion formally
118.
Attend to go to a meeting
119.
To send your apologies to say that you cannot go
to a meeting
120.
Item one topic on the list
121.
Vote a method of making a decision
122.
Any other business(AOB) the last topic on the list
123.
Participants the people at the meeting
124.
Second to support a formal suggestion
125.
Minutes an official record of what was said and/or
decided
126.
Agenda a list of topics to be discussed
127.
128.
Mentor it means an older, more experienced
person who helps you
129.
Fast-tracking usually leads to quick promotion
130.
Pep-talk it means a short chat to motivate staff

(Unit 7. Labour Relations.EnglBusStud2Ed)

131.
Collective bargaining negotiations between unions
and employers about their members wages and working
conditions
132.
A strike a stoppage of work, as a protest against
working conditions, low pay and so on
133.
A go slow(GB)/ Slowdown(US) a deliberate
reduction in the rate of production, as a protest
134.
Working-to-rule deliberately obeying every
regulation in an organization, which severely disrupts
normal operations
135.
Industrial actions to protest outside a factory or
other workplace, and try to persuade workers and delivery
drivers not to enter
136.
To picket a general term for strikes, go-slows,
work-to-rules and so on
137.
Manual workers people who work with a particular
type of job
138.
Consult to ask someones opinion before making a
decision
139.
Adversary an opponent or enemy
140.
Uneconomic too expensive, wasteful, loss-making
141.
Tyranny unlimited and unfairly used power
142.
Deregulation ending or relaxing restrictive laws
143.
Public sector areas of the economy run by the local
or national government
144.
Confrontational - hostile, almost aggressive,
seeking conflicts
145.
Conglomerate a large corporation, made up of a
group of companies

(Unit 8. Production.English for business studies 1st.ed.)

146.
Capacity-the (maximum) rate of output that can be
achieved from a production process;
147.
Component-any of pieces or parts that make up a
product,machine,etc.;
148.
Inventory-the stock of any item or resource used in
an organization(including row materials,parts,supplies,work
in process and finished products)
149.
Lead time-the time needed to perform an activity;
150.
Location-the geographical situation of a factory or
other facilities;
151.
Outsourcing/Contracting out-buying products or
processed materials from other companies rather than
manufacturing them;
152.
Plant-the buildings,machines,equipment and other
facilities used in production process;
Subcontractor-any company that provides goods or services
for another one;
(Unit 8. Production.English for business studies 3rd.ed.)
Inventory a companys reserves of raw materials, parts, work in
process, and finished products.
Component- any of the pieces or parts that make up a product or
machine.
Capacity maximum rate of output that can be achieved from a
product or delivering it to a customer.
Plant collective word for all the buildings, machines, equipment and
other facilities used in the production process.
Location geaographical situation of a factory or other facility.
Supply chain network of organizations involved in producing and
delivering goods or a service.

Outsourcing buying products or processed materials from other

companies rather than manufacturing them.
Economies of scale cost savings arising from large-scale
production.
Lead time time needed to perform an activity such as
manufacturing a product or delivering it to a customer.
Embedded- firmly fixed in something or part of something.
Standards of living-the quality of peoples lives
Founder-someone who establishes a company
Risk premium - potential cost of taking a chance
Equity the value of business activity.
Disrupting causing trouble and stopping something from
continuing as usual.
Exponentialy increasing or decreasing more and more quickly as
time passes.
Procurement the obtaining of supplies.
Proseprity the state of being successful and having a lot of money.
Stability- the situation when something is not likely to change.
(Unit 10. Quality. English for business.3rd ed.)
Bountiful-providing a large amount of good things;
Headaches-things that causes difficulties;
Regulation-official rules or the act of controlling something
Reworking-changing or improving a product or service;
Scrapping-getting rid of things which are no longer useful or wanted;
Service-to examine a machine and repair any faulty parts;
Warranties- guarantees: written promises to repair or replace
products that develop a fault;
Unit1. Brands
Brand Loyalty- the tendency to always buy a particular brand

Brand Image- the ideas and beliefs people have about a brand
Brand Stretching using an existing name on another type of
product
Brand Awareness how familiar people are with a brand
Brand Name the name given to a product by the company that
makes it
Product Launch- the introduction of a product to the market
Product Lifecycle the length of time people continue to buy a
product
Product Range the set of products made by a company
Product Placement when products are used in film or TV
programmes
Product Endorsement the use of well-known person to advertise
products
Unit 11. Products
Outlets places of business for selling goods to customers(shops,
stores, kiosks, etc.)
Product-mix all the different products, brands and items that a
company sells
Retailers businesses that sell goods or merchandise to individual
consumers
Logo a graphic image or symbol specially created to identify a
company or a product
Packing wrappers and containers used to enclose and protect a
product
Brand recognition the extend to which consumers are aware of a
brand, and know its name
Shelves surfaces in a store on which goods are displayed
Market share the sales of company expressed as a percentage of
total sales in a given market
Brand-Switchers consumers who buy various competing products

rather than being loyal to a particular brand

Credit facility the possibility of paying for a product over an
extended period
Profitability the extent to which an activity provides financial gain
Opportunities possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in
which the company can produce goods or services
Niche a small, specialized, but profitable segment of a market
Unit 22 Products and brands
Product catalogue/catalog/mix/portfolio a companys products, as a
group
Product line/range a companys products of a particular type
Product positioning how a company would like a product to be
seen in relation to its other products, or to competing products
Consumer durables consumer goods that last a long time, such as
cars and washing machines
Fast-moving consumer goods/FMCG consumer goods such as food
product that sell quickly
Own-brand product/own-label product a product with the retailers
own name on it
Generic products products that are not branded.

Brand awareness/familiarity/recognition the degree to which

people know a brand
Brand promise what people expect from a brand
Brand preference when consumers like one brand more than
another
Brand equity the value of a brand to its owners, as sometimes
shown on a firms balance sheet
Differentiation is when a company designs a product in a way that
distinguishes it from competitors brands and communicates the
comparative benefits to customers in its sales documentation, etc.
Flagship brand is the most important one by an organization
Brand dilution making the brand less powerful
Unit 26 The internet commerce
E-commerce operation, selling goods over the internet.
Unique users different individual visitors
B2C/business-to-consumer selling to the public on the internet
B2B/business-to-business firms ordering from suppliers over the
internet

Unit 26 Brands and branding

B2G/business-to-government businesses applying for government

contracts and pay taxes

Brand is a name given to a product or a group of products so that it

can be easily recognized

Unit 23 Price
Price boom a good period for sellers, when prices are rising
quickly

Price controls government efforts to limit price increases

Price cut a reduction in price
Price hike an increase in price
Price war when competing companies reduce prices in response to
each other
Price leader a company that is first to reduce or increase prices
Price tag label attached to goods, to show the price; also means
price
Downmarket can show disapproval.
Mass market describes goods that sell in large quantities and
people who buy them.