1

Circle the correct answer.

When you come to visit me in my
country next month, you _ _ _ it
here.
a enjoyed

b enjoy

c will enjoy

d are enjoying

5
2

If you

a lot on the plane, the

trip goes a lot faster.
a slept

b sleep

c will sleep

d were sleeping
6

You need to get

snowboard
before you try snowboarding.

a a

b a few

c some

d other

This ski run is too easy. Let's try

one instead.
a a lot of

b any

c another

d other

If he

to Mexico, he will hear

many people speaking Spanish.

_~ skiers over there are going so

fast-look at them go!

a traveled

b travels

a This

b These

c will travel

d travel

c That

d Those

Circle the correct pair of answers.

While my uncle
sightseeing in
Egypt, he
my neighbors.

Tim's cousin hurt

tried
skiing.

when she

a is, met

a itself, crossing country

b was, met

b her, crosscountry

c during, was meeting

c herself, cross-country

d has been, meeting

d themselves, cross countries

When both of you

in one room
together,
of you sleep well.

a stay, neither

There
no more hotel rooms
available because they had
been pre-booked.

b will stay, either

a have been, these

c staying, all

b are, a few

d stayed, a little

c were, all
d has been, whose

38

37

Complete the passage using the words given. Then listen and check
your answers.

many)

----i-f

'-'~W-"-i~-l-"'ev-:-ry--s-o-m""'e--_

you are interested in volcanoes, you

(1)

love Hawaii Volcanoes National Park! It is (3)

natural attraction that is truly one of (4L

(2)

~~_~

amazing
kind. See the world's

biggest volcano, Mauna Loa, or Hawaii's most active volcano, Kilauea. Enjoy the
spectacular natural wilderness and
beaches. We have
and camping.

(6)

of Hawaii's black sand

(5)

activities to enjoy, including biking, hiking

... ..

day will be an adventure!

(7)

Write a description for each picture using the conditional given.

1

zero conditional
(if/when)

first conditional
(if)

first conditional
(when)

--------------,----------

~-..---~.~------

38

----

-------

--~.----

----------~---

37

Circle the correct answer.

Some coaches
every day to
prepare for the Olympics.

they will

some forms first.

a make athletes

a make you fill out

b make train athletes hard

b get you fill out

c let you to fill out

make athletes train hard

d have you to fill out

d make athletes to train

2

If you want to join that sports club,

He
water sports like swimming
and diving.
a prefers to doing

b prefers to do

c preferring to do

d prefer doing

Kate
skating when she was very
young, so now she's really good at it.

Our P.E. teacher sometimes

do a lot of exercise.
a makes us to do
c makes do

b makes us
d make us

My whole family
badminton
together on weekends.

a decided starting

b decided

a enjoy play

b enjoys playing

c decided to start

d decided start

c enjoying play

d enjoys play

Circle the correct pair of answers.

1

48

Scott was still getting ready

Mary
in her race.

With
video equipment, athletes
can watch
training.

a while, run

b during, run

a this, themselves

b both, itself

c then, had run

d when, ran

c those, himself

d all, yourselves

You

a lot of great friends if you

a member of our sports club.

The coach agreed

longer hours
to help the athletes _._.

a made, have become

a working, training

b are making, will become

b to work, to train

c will make, become

c to working, to training

d make, became

d work, to training

47

Complete the passage using the words and phrases given. Then
listen and check your answers.

C.:.~/

try hard to / arrives / ge~..':_ getsto /-;t

A group called the International

Olympic Committee, or IOC, chooses which cities

will become future hosts of the Olympic Games. They

city officials to show them

(5)

(1)

city's sporting facilities and

(2) ..

plans. Cities (3)

Games. When the IOC

rea.:::-=:]

for this many years before the actual

._' the city officials

(4) .

impress them. If a city

(6)

host the Games, it brings many economic opportunities.

Use first conditional sentences and the causative verbs given to write
about how a city will need to prepare for the Olympic Games.
1

have

make

get

If a city wants to host the Olympics,

---..

48

...._.- ...._---

47

Join the sports club!

Gerunds and infinitives

Listen and complete the dialogue.

Max:

I finally decided

(1)

""

the

" """

school sports club yesterday.

Nina:

Great! I'm a member too and I like

there.

(2) -------

Max:
Nina:

Which sports do you like (3L_"

Well, I enjoy (4)I hope

_
?
badminton, and

the fencing team soon.

(5)

Max:

I don't know if I can afford

Nina:

Your sports club membership allows you to participate in all of the sports for free.
But you need to keep

(n

the fencing team. Isn't it expensive?

(6)

""_" to the

""

club regularly for your membership

to stay active.
Max:

Well, I plan

at least once a week. But if I join the fencing team,

(8)

I will consider

more often.

(9)

Follow the instructions.

1

In the dialogue, circle the verbs given in the table below.

Check (.1) the box that shows which pattern follows each verb you circled.
decide

to + verb

-verb

+ -inq

./

like
""-_--

enjoy
----"

hope

afford

keep

plan
--

----

consider

1if:ffil'fHlftHlltilllik
Gerunds and infinitives

tttl

~F~

'n
1

A gerund is a verb form with -ing that turns the verb into a noun [Her tsvorite sport is swimming). ':
Infinitives are base forms of verbs with the word to [She lIkes to sWIm.).Some verbs in English can ':
be used with a gerund or infinitive with no' difference in meaning. Some verbs can only be used with P
one or the other for a specific meaning.
:

t.

\'.l

tr.

1 I , 1 4 ,"

f:
Gerund,'
< 'O f "

"

..
.,

~
,.,tf

n:i]!!t!mlllri~~~

.,t ~, .,
.:...;..
: ..,.:

..

t'

.... ......

I like running.

~
"

He began training for the race.

He began to train for the race.

- .,
.-

They prefer reading.

They prefer to read.

Infino.lve
onl:~

, t'

,\l
.'

~JI!mmU~~llf. ..
--

enjoy

She enjoys playing soccer.

stop

We stopped listening to him.

decide

She decided to walk to school.

keep

Please keep trying.

promise

I promise to visit you.

Others: finish, suggest, consider, miss, risk, celebrate,

avoid, delay, admit

He agreed to run in the race.

We love

in the summer months.

a swim

b to swimming

c to swim

d go to swimming

I have a busy schedule, so my dad

suggested
on weekends.

cr:
l!):

a trains

CI):
(1):

(\,I:

to training

d training

a hope

b seem

c celebrate

d agree

OJ;

u:
u:

a to be

b to being

c be

d is being

0:

(I):

;:

....

d avoid

b train

She likes
in art class because the
teacher is really nice.

0:

b deserve

All athletes
unique ways.

~:
0.:
..::.c::

You
to lose if you try to cheat
during the race.

a enjoy
c keep

winning in their own

If you train too hard, you

injuring

yourself.

('0:

a..:

a offer
c manage

m:

I~~'

!::
II
'

Others: plan, hope, refuse, manage, offer, learn, fail,

afford, pretend, seem, deserve

t ~

...tt~

Circle the correct answer.

1

:i

brisk
d considering

"
I
'

: I

Answer the questions using a gerund or infinitive.

3

What does the girl hope?

What does he enjoy?

What did they stop doing?

Work with a classmate. Use the words given to describe each picture.
1
3

fail / finish

celebrate / win

refuse / enter

suggest / join in

('\j
Q)

01

QJ
Q.

..lII::
0
0

CD
<I)

o
~

Remember to use

the correct geruncj or

infinitive form.

....

(I)'

Q.

41

Complete the passages by changing the verbs given into gerund or

infinitive forms. Then listen and check your answers.

Active Health is an

Learn

indoor sports club.

..... ,---..,---..,(-a--p.p.,reciate)

the outdoors aga'

In-at

If you have decided

Fresh Air Sports Club.

All our sports activities are outdoors. Take

(1}_------------

this is the place for you! It's

(become ) fit
I,
the perfect place to come if you enjoy
(2}_--------

(1)

(play)

your pick from surfing, skiing, wakeboarding,

rock climbing-whatever

----~--

you prefer

(2)

(do). Our members

keep (3)---'"'-'--'-'---,_

basketball, squash or table tennis. You can

"--'.'---~~.
for more fun and activities!

also consider

Why don't you consider

(3}

,--------

(try) our big indoor swimming pool. We

(make)
promise {4} -------

(come) back

(4)_~

today!

you fit, healthy and happy!

Write your answer to each question. Then ask the questions to a classmate and
write the answers.

Questions

\.

Which of the two clubs

would you prefer to join?

Why would you consider

going to that club?

Which sporting activities

would you hope to try?

My answers

My classmate's answers

.
,
I

./

Hosting the Olympics

When a city gets to host the Olympic Games, it

brings many benefits to the people that live
there. People travel from overseas to watch the
Games, and they all have money to spend. It
makes the economy of the host city stronger,
and the residents get to feel proud of their city.
When a city gets chosen to host the Games, it
has construction companies build new stadiums
and facilities, which can then be used for other
events in the future. The event gets international
attention and hundreds of networks around the
world show the Games on television. This gives
the host city worldwide exposure that also
attracts tourists in the future.

What are some of the benefits of hosting the Olympic Games?

How does showing the Games on television help the host city?

Follow the instruction and answer the questions.

1

In the passage, circle the different forms of the verbs make, have and get.

Does the form of make mean "to affect" or "to force"?

Which form of have means "to arrange or organize"?

Do the forms of get mean "to receive" or "to persuade"?

Causative verbs
A causative verb causes something to happen or change. The way they cause this can be different. ,
You need to know how to use the verbs both in their simple function and their causative function.
Causative Verbs

Verb

Causative function

Simple function

Make / Made

Have / Had

Get (to) / Got (to)

Create, build or affect:

Force or demand:

He made dinner, and that made his wife

happy.

He made his son help him to make dinner.

Possess or own:
Paris had the Olympic Games as host city
twice.

Arrange or organize:
In 1956, Melbourne had builders construct
houses for Olympic athletes.

Receive, obtain or become:

Persuade or convince:
Sally's father got his company to give him
special Olympic tickets.

If you get tickets for an Olympic event,

you start to get excited.

Complete the passage using the correct

forms of make. have and get. Then listen
and check your answers.

The opening and closing ceremonies are special parts

of each modern Olympic Games. There are always
spectacular shows that let the host country showcase its culture and
art. Organizers (1)
employed to
0:

01:

famous singers and artists to perform. Companies are

amazing costumes and sets. During the opening

(2)

ceremony, there is a parade of all the athletes from the different countries. Each country

'7:
0);
C\J:
(I):
<ll:

""

"""

(3)

its athletes wear their national uniform during this event. During the

(0.
Q;

closing ceremony, the organizers

0:

some kind of special performance as well.

..::
0:

Ill:
(1,);

u:

;::::
u:
to:

.....
0.:

(4)_

the next host city introduce itself with

Complete each sentence using a causative verb. Then compare

your answers with a classmate and practice saying the sentences.
volunteers learn how to welcome international

Olympic host cities often

visitors.

The IOC can't always

all
countries to participate in every Olympic
Games.

Beijing
many new stadiums
built for the Olympic Games in 2008.

In the past, some host cities of the Olympic

Games
people pay a lot
for tickets.

Pretend your city is trying to host the Olympic Games. Answer the questions and
present your answers to the class.

Answer the questions in full sentences using

the causative verb from the question in your answer.

Listen and complete the passage.

Pierre De Coubertin was a Frenchman born in 1863. He
----------------------

an idea that different nations could

compete in sports rather than fight each other in wars.

So, he

(2)

~~

important people to start

thinking about the Olympic Games again. He formed

a special committee in 1894 to (3)
Games happen. They decided to (4)

the
the first

modern Olympic Games in Athens, Greece in 1896.

Listen and take notes.

\
Notes

C'\i:
C"'l:
(I):
0(\1).:

Q;

..:.:::

0:
0:

co:

Q):

(.):

~~
~~

Work with a classmate. Talk about how the listening passage adds information
to the reading passage.

List~n and complete the dialogue.

32

Sang Hee: Hi, Malcolm. I saw a pretty cool

documentary on TV last night
about the Egyptian pyramids.
Malcolm:
really interested in them when I
was younger, but not so much now.
Sang Hee: So you know how they were built?
Malcolm:

That's a mystery, isn't it?

Sang Hee: Well, everyone

(2)

researchers and scientists arguing about it.

Malcolm:

(3)

Sang Hee: I think thousands of slaves

wonder a lot about how those pyramids were built.

take all the stone to the

(4)

site and then special levers and ropes

(5)

raise the stones

onto each other.

Circle True or False.

1

Malcolm used pyramids when he was young.

True /~

Malcolm thought pyramids were interesting when he was young.

True / False

Scientists argue regularly about the pyramids.

True / False

Scientists argued about the pyramids before but not now.

True / False

Sang Hee thinks slaves brought stone to the building place.

True / False

Sang Hee thinks builders pulled on ropes and levers to raise stones.

True / False

49

Used to
(do something)

To show the purpose of something.

Stones were used to build the pyramids.

She used to live in Egypt. Now she lives in
Germany.

To talk about actions or situations in the

past that are not true now.

Did they use to live in Egypt?

He is used to seeing the pyramids-he
lives in Cairo.

To show someone knows something well

or is familiar with it.

Circle the correct answer.

1

The ancient Egyptians

and powerful.

very rich

Special gold tiles

decorate the tops
of pyramids in ancient times.

a can be used to

b are used to

a use to

b were used to

c were used for

d used to be

c used to be

d were used to it

Tourists have been visiting Egypt for a

long time, so the locals
it.

Did the pyramids

-not brown?

a used to

a use to be

b are used to being

b used to be

c are used to

c use to

d are used to help

d used to make

"';1':

'(:

Harry
the pyramids were boring,
but now he thinks they're interesting.

Q):

Special equipment
pyramids.

..x:::
0:

a is used to explore

a is used to thinking

b used to explore

b was used to think

c is used to exploring

d used to exploring

d used to think

0'):
0'):

(/):

0:>:
<0.
o_:

0:

Ill:

the inside of the

white and gold

(I):

u:
;::::
u:

....
0..:

11l:

50

used a book to learn

Read the email and correct the five mistakes. Then

listen and check your answers.

Hi Malcolm,
I watched another documentary

about ancient Egypt. This one

was about how ancient Egyptians use mummify the pharaohs.

They use special oils and stuff to do this. It was a bit unusual,
but the ancient Egyptians were completely use to this. Anyway,
that's how I found out that the pyramids was use to create a
special stairway to the sun for the buried pharaohs. The ancient
Egyptians used believe the sun was a god named Ra. Interesting,
isn't it?
Sang Hee

Work with a classmate. Talk about the pictures using different forms of used to.
2
1
levers
slaves
ropes
smooth
sides top
rough
build
crane
machinery
missing

51

Listen and complete the passage.

At 146 meters tall, the Great Pyramid of Giza
(1)

""

world untilLincoln
(2)

-----

the tallest building in the

Cathedral was built in about 1300. The Great Pyramid

as a tomb for the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu. The pyramid
white sides and a golden top, so Egyptians

(3)
(4)

(5)

seeing the top glowing in the sunlight. The pyramid has

passages and rooms inside, making it very mysterious.

Complete the passage using the phrases given. Then listen and check your
answers.
used to think / more mysteriOUS / used to / much bigger /
shorter than / until I heard

----------- ------_.,_-----,
I (1)

the Great Pyramid of Giza was the most important

----

pyramid in the world-(2)

Cholula in Mexico. Even though this pyramid is (3)
one at Giza, it is (4)

"

about the Great Pyramid of

he
~
-------~
and it's still the biggest pyramid in the

world today. Cholula is so big that the Spanish invaders thought it was actually a hill, not
a pyramid. The ancient Americans

(5)_._"_"

"

build new pyramids

on top of older ones, so Cholula could be two or even

three pyramids on top of each other. There are also
more than eight miles of tunnels beneath Cholula.

<0:
0")'

m:
c:n:

So, it is

..:.:::

pyramid at Giza .

co'

0.:

0:
0:

(6)

.--

than the

Ill:
(I):

u:
u:

;:;:

....
0..:

(1):

Work with a classmate. Talk about the differences between the two pyramids .
52

Write compare or contrast sentences about the pictures.

1

Jenny / whereas / grandmother

---_

.._-_._--------_

..._""._---

Harry / Sam' / both

unlike / Jupiter / Earth

-.------

..

both / seals / dolphins

37

Look at the facts about little and emperor penguins. Put a plus (+)
between facts that are similar and a minus (-) between facts that are
different.

Little penguins
are threatened by cats and dogs.

Emperor penguins
threatened by global warming.

hunt fish.

catch fish.

live in holes in the ground.

can swim fast and dive well.

live on the open ice and snow.

are fast swimmers and good divers.

r--------------"""-------+--""

are the shortest species of penguin at

40cm.

"----i------""---"---------

--------"--------1

are the tallest penguin species at

160 cm.

-----------------"----------""------j-------"--+--"""-----"-""-------------"-----------j

stay in groups for protection.

protect themselves by staying in

groups.

Use the similarities and differences from Activity B to write two

paragraphs. The first should compare little and emperor penguins, and
the second should contrast them.
Little and emperor penguins have some things in common.

"

However, there are some major differences between little and emperor
penguins.
"""_"_--"----"----"---"--""--- ""-""_-" "
"

---

38

""""_" "

""

------"------"------""-"-

Follow the steps to write a notice for a product that can help students
with their homework.

Brainstorm and plan: Brainstorm and plan your notice on a separate piece of paper.

Write: Write your notice below.

Product:

--.--"-~""---~--.----.----~.~--------~-------~

-----_.

.-._-----------_---

- ----.-~------~
47

Follow the steps to write an essay comparing and contrasting two

sports.

Brainstorm and plan: Brainstorm and plan your essay on a separate piece of paper.

Write: Write your essay below.

Title:

""--"--"--"-----" --

48

Have you ever been on a tour? What things did you buy? Discuss your answers.

You can go to the Ol

.
Company. But our to ymplc Games with Our
bOOk and are not Ch~~~ are difficult to
We fly you to the cit
..
Games. However oncY hostIng the Olympic
to do a lot of th.'
e there, yoU will h
mgs on YOur
ave
Our gUides onl
own"
busy peoPle, b~ts~~ak ~rench. They are
to help you.
metlmes they will try

Visit us on Thompso '

out more, but 0 Ins Road to find
n y on weekends.

Follow the instruction and answer the question.

1

Circle the words and phrases that compare or contrast things.

Which tour would you choose to go on and why?

Writing a notice
When you want to sell something, you can write a notice. In a notice, you should try to catch
the customers' attention. You should also give them useful information about your product or
service and make it sound better than others. Finally,you should tell customers how they can
contact you.

Choose details to make a good notice. Circle those details you want to use and
cross out those you do not.

~~~~-------------------~T-h-e-W- ondercycle
These days, most people think that
bicycles are boring. They prefer in-line skates.

Have you ever dreamed of a bicycle that has

it all? A bicycle that is inexpensive but
amazing?

Well, we have! Our incredible Wondercycle has

all the features you could imagine, including an
MP3 player, a video camera and a phone.

But we still want you to buy our Wondercycle.

It has a lot of useful things on it. Not
everything, but still a lot.

There are many good bikes you can buy.

However, it would make us happy and rich if
you bought a Wondercycle.

Compared to other bicycles, this one has it

all. And unlike normal bicycles, you'll never
get a flat because of our special tires.

Call 555-3884. Or visit our showroom in the

alley behind Red Street.

Call 555-3884. Or visit our showroom at

38 Red Street. Open every day 8 a.m. to
8 p.m.

Follow the steps to write a notice for a new computer game.

1

Brainstorm: Brainstorm ideas for your notice on a separate piece of paper. Think about why

your game is better than others.

2

Plan: Use your ideas to make a writing plan. Write an interesting introduction, details for

body paragraphs describing your game and how it is better than others, and your contact
information.

~----=----~
Game:
Introduction:

-----_._-----------------------------

---------------_._---------------------------------------

Body paragraph 1 (details of the game):

Details:

.= .._.

------------

-.-.----------------- _._--------------

Body paragraph 2 (comparison with other games):

Details:

"_""

"_.~_"".

"""_."_"-

" "

--------------------Contact information:

Write: Write your notice on a separate piece of paper.

Include an address, email address, phone number

and your opening hours in the contact information.

41

19

Read the notice for the Amazing Fitness Machine.

Have you ever thought about being a great runner

or swimmer?
Well, now you can with the Amazing Fitness Machine!
It can do both these things for you:
- Give you incredible running speed
- Improve your swimming

skills

Unlike most other machines, the Amazing Fitness Machine is.not expensive and it
REALLY WORKS! Compared to other companies, our service ;is;~xC:ellent.
,-

Write a short email to the company asking them questions about their product.
From:
Subject:

To: info@amaze.fit
_

_-_

--_ ..

--------

...

_-

World of Sport
Which cities have hosted the Olympics?
Discuss your answers.

Read the essay. ,

The Ancient and Modern Olympics

The modern Olympics of today are based on the ancient Olympics of thousands of years
ago. In some ways, the modern and ancient games are similar. In other ways, they are
very different.
The ancient and modern Olympics have a lot in common. Like the modern Olympics, the
ancient games were events for athletes held every four years. In addition, both the modern
and ancient Olympics were started to help encourage peace. Perhaps the most important
similarity is that like the modern Olympics, the ancient games were a very popular event.
However, there are big differences between the ancient and
modern Olympic Games. Modern Olympic winners get medals,
while ancient athletes did not. Unlike the ancient games, the
modern games have both summer and winter versions. Possibly
the most important difference is that the ancient games were
just for men from Greece, whereas the modern games are for
men and women from all over the world.
The ancient and modern Olympics have a lot of similarities and
differences. It would be a mistake to think they are exactly the
same kind of event.

Follow the instructions.

1

Circle the paragraph

that shows similarities.

Draw a box around the paragraph

that shows differences.

Writing an essay to compare and contrast

Sometimes you will need to write an essay to compare and contrast two things, You can write
this kind of essay in the following way:
Introduction

Compare'

Introduce the things Show how the

to compare and
contrast

things are similar

,---------,-"---

-------"-_.,._-

Conclusion

Contrast

Show how the

Summarize
Finishwith an
interesting
thought

things are different

W.,,_"",W_w,w.",

'_.,_"'"_"

'_'_

---------"""--"

,_

..

'"~ Look at t~e ~acts about ~aseball and field hockey. Put a ~Ius (+) between facts
, that are similar and a minus (-) between facts that are different.
+/-

Baseball

Field hockey

Two teams of players

Two teams play each other

People score by getting runs

Players score goals

Somebody throws and somebody hits

All the players try to hit the ball

Players use bats

-----'"-,----,---------~""

Players use sticks

--

Games played in the summer months

Summer sport

Use the differences from Activity D to complete the paragraph.

_
and
However, there are also major differences between (1)
_

(2)

, In baseball, (3L _
r=

while in field hockey

(4)

. Unlike baseball, in which

to hit the ball, field hockey players
Possibly the most important difference is that in basebull

whereas in field hockey

(8)

""----""----------------------

(5)

(6)

(7)_

about which facts to use,

Follow the steps to write an essay comparing and contrasting your

hobbies with those of a classmate.
1

Brainstorm: Brainstorm ideas for your essay on a separate piece of paper. Think of three

similarities (interests you share) and three differences (interests you do not share).
2

Plan: Use your ideas to make a writinqplnn. Write an interesting introduction,

details for
body paragraphs comparing and contrasting your hobbies with those of a classmate, and
a conclusion summarizing your essay.

Title:

~'

Introduction:

Body paragraph 1 (compare):

Topic sentence:

~_~

Detail 1:
Detail 2: "_"""'""_""

~"O'_"

""""'""o

---~-_-_-_--_-

""

OO"""""_'_o"""'_""OO"'""

"

" "_"_00"_""""_"""",_"0_""

"

"

,00

~_"

""0_"00"

'"

"_-"

""

"" ,,'0""_"" ""

"""_

Detail 3:
Body paragraph 2 (contrast):

Topic sentence:

""O~""O"

"_""

"_"

Detail 1: ~~-"----,------,
Detail 2:
Detail 3:

,b

"O_OO_"O

"'_""_"

oo

oo_"o~,

'"

oo

'

"0

'

Write: Write your essay on

a separate piece of paper.

'-"'I-',"=:\},

Rememberto makethe most important

similarityor differencethe last thing you
write about in each body paragraph.

45

12

Listen to a teacher giving a girl advice on how to improve her essay.

Edit the text based on what you hear.

My sister and I
In some ways, my

There are four people in my family-my parents, my older siSter and I.-Mr-sister and I are
very similar in terms of our favorite sports and hobbies. In other ways, we are very.

To start, my sister and I have a lot of hobbies in comon, We both like music, and we both
liketo play bored games. Perhaps important of all, we both like painting.

However, there are also m~or differences

between my Sister and I. I liketo play
hockey. My Sister does not. Unlikemy Sister,
I do not like playing baSketball.A big difference
I~

is that She likes to play against boys, while I like

to play sports against girls.

My Sister and I are from the same family

and have Some things in coo-on. However,
we are different people and like different
sports. I likethat we are different!

Compare your corrections with a classmate.

Jungle Safety
How can you stay safe in nature'?'
Discuss your answers.

Stay safe in the

ng\e\
1

It's a good idea to wear long pants and a long-sleeve

shirt. There are a lot of insects in the jungle that
bite.

Take a lot of water with you. You will get really

thirsty.

It's not a good idea to touch snakes. If you do, you

could get bitten.

Pack a good flashlight. Youwill need it because you

might get stuck in the jungle after dark.

Stay on the trail and take a map because you might

get lost if you don't.

Follow the instructions.

49

Circle the sentences that give instructions.

Draw a box around the sentences that give advice.

49

Giving instructions

and advice

Sometimes in your writing, you may need to give people instructions. Other times, you may need
to give them advice. When you give instructions or advice, you can also give reasons. These
show people why it is a good idea to fol19wwhat you say.

I Writihg
.~

Practice

,~

*<"""'-T""

~~

Change the phrases into instructions.

1

Walking on the trail

Do it: Walk on the trail.

Wearing a sweater
Do it:

-----------

Don't do it:

Don't do it: Don't wear a sweater.

Change the phrases into advice.

1

Carrying a stick

Good idea: It's a good idea_to ~arry a

Sleeping outside
Good idea:

stick.

--------

--

----------

Not a good idea: It's not a good idea

Not a good idea:

to sleep ou_t_s_id_e_.

Write reasons for the instructions and advice.

1

Don't swim in the river.

(There are many ...)

It's a good idea to take a compass.

(If you don't, you might ...)

There are many crocodiles.

2

Take a good tent.

(Youwill need it because ...)

4 ' It's not a good idea to feed wild animals.

(If you do, you might ...)

---------------_

50

50

Write sentences giving instructions, advice and reasons.

1
Instruction:

D_on_'! climb trees,

Advice:

Reason:

2
Instruction:
Advice: It~ a good ide~to

sle~!.:_:n-=a:_t.::_e=-n:_:_t.::_': _

Reason:

3
Instruction:

---------- -- ------_--------_

Advice:

-------- ------

Reason: You will get hungry,

4
Instruction:
Advice:

Reason:

51

Don't touch the tiOLg.=_e_:_cr,_'

----

51

=.:;;..z.;;;.;

Listen and write exactly what you hear.

tips

jungle

. dangerous

Work with a classmate and write three sentences about how to stay safe in
the forest.
-- ~ -

---.-

....f.,.r~t ; ; Ii

.....

4 ..T: ' .......

e.

..!..... --...,... -....,...-.,..~.'.m.".".'r.1.',....

'.f

l' ,

...
Read your sentences to the class.

52

52

Usethe safety tips on page 49 to help you write your sentences.

53

53