Class 12 Chemistry

[C. B.S.
E XII]
CHEMISTRY (THEORY) 2006
SET-1 (DELHI BOARD)
Class XII (Delhi Board Papers)
Time allowed: 3 hours
General instructions:
Maximum Marks : 70
(i)
All questions are compulsory.
(ii)
Marks for each question are indicated against it.
(iii)
Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short- answer questions carrying 1 mark

each. Answer these in one word or about one sentence each.
(iv)
Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions, carrying 2 marks

each. Answer these in about 30 words each.
(v)
Question numbers 19 to 27 are short answer questions, carrying 3 marks

each. Answer these in about 40 words each.
(vi)
Question numbers 28 to 30 are long answer questions of carrying 5

marks each. Answer these in about 70 words each.
(vii)
Use Log Tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not permitted.
Q.1.
A cubic solid is made of two elements X and Y . Atoms Y are at the

corners of the cube and X at the body center. What is the formula of the
compound?
1
Ans.
XY .
Q.2.
Two liquids A and B boil at 145o C and 190o C respectively. Which of them
has a higher vapour pressure at 80o C ?
Ans. Liquid A has higher vapour pressure at 80o C because of its lower boiling point.
Q.3.
For the reaction A B, the rate of reaction becomes twenty seven times
when the concentration of A is increased three times. What is the order of
the reaction?
1
n
Ans. Let r = k [ A ]
Then 27r = k [3A ]
[ Accordingto question]
n
27r k [3A ]
=
n
r
k [ A]
or 33 = 3n
order of reaction, n =3.

Get the best brains on your side.
Watch Topper TV! Log on to www.topperlearning.com
Call 0120 4646900 or e-mail us at contactus@topperlearning.com
Q.4.
Write the IUPAC name of: CH3 .CH ( Br ) CH 2 CONHCH3 .
Ans. 3 -Bromo N methyl butanamide.

Q.5.
Give a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and N - methyl aniline.

1
Ans. When warmed with chloroform in the presence of alc. KOH, aniline gives
offensive smell of isocyanide while N methyl aniline does not give this test.
C6 H5 NH 2 + CHCI3 + 3KOH C6 H5 NC + 3KCI + 3 H 2O

Aniline
Phenylisocyanide.
Q. 6. Why aqueous ethylamine turns red litmus blue?
Ans. Aqueous ethylamine is basic in nature because of the presence of free OH- ions,
hence it turns red litmus blue
+
C2 H5 NH 2 + H 2 O [ C2 H5 NH3 ] + OH Q. 7. Suggest two materials other than hydrogen that can be used as a fuel in
fuel cells.
1
Ans. Two other substances which can be used as materials in fuel cells other than
hydrogen are carbon monoxide (CO), methane ( CH4 ) and methanol ( CH 3 OH ) .
Q. 8. The reaction A + B C has zero order. What is the rate equation?
1
o
Ans. Rate K [ A ] [ B] = K.
*Q. 9. (a) Draw the structure of X e F6 .
(b) Does the hydrolysis of XeF6 leads to a redox reaction?
Ans.
(a) Structure of XeF6

(b) No, the products of hydrolysis are XeOF4 and Xe O2 F2 , where the oxidation
states of all the elements remain the same as it was in the reacting state.
*Q. 10. What are points defects in the crystals?
(b) Name the main point defects.
Ans. (a) Point defects: The point defects are caused either by ion missing from the
crystal lattice or occupying a positions elsewhere in the lattice.
(b) The main point defects are Frenkel and Schottky defects.
Q.11. Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions: 2
(a) Ca 3 P2 + H 2 O
(b) Xe F6 + 3H 2 O
Ans. (a) Ca 3 P2 + 6H 2 O 2PH3 + 3 Ca ( OH )2
(b) Xe Fe + 3H 2 O XeO3 + 6HF
Q.12. Write chemical equations for the reactions involved in the
manufacture of potassium permanganate from pyroulusite ore. 2
Ans. Preparation of potassium permanganate: Potassium permanganate is
prepared by the fusion of MnO 2 (pyrolusite) with potassium hydroxide and an
oxidizing agent like KNO3 to form potassium manganate, which disproportionates
in a neutral or acidic solution to form permanganate.
2MnO 2 + 4KOH + O 2 2K 2 MNO 4 + 2H 2O

3K 2 Mn O 4 + 4 HCI 2 KMn O 4 + Mn O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4 KCI
Q.13. Explain why hydrophilic sols are relatively more stable than hydrophobic
sols.
2
Ans. Higher stability of lyophilic sols. Lyophilic colloids have affinity for the
dispersion medium. So their sol can be prepared by merely dispersing them in
the dispersion medium. They are reversible.
Examples: Agar agar, gelatin, starch, egg albumin etc.
On the other hand lyophobic colloids are dispersion medium hating colloids. So
their colloidal solution cannot be prepared by merely dispersing them in the
dispersion medium.
Q.14. Write the reactions and the conditions involved in the conversion of :
(a) Propene to 1- Propanol
(b) Phenol to Salicyclic acid
1
( BH3 )2 ( CH 3CH 2 CH 2 )2 B
2
Diborane
Tripropylborane
Ans. (a) 2CH 3 CH = CH 2 +
Propene
H2O2
OH, H2O 3CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + H3 BO3

I Propanol
(b)
Q.15. Write the structures of monomers used in the preparation of : 2

(a) Teflon
(b) PMMA
Ans. (a) Tetrafluoroethylene: CF2 = CF2
(b) Methyl methaacrylate

CH 3
|
CH 2 = C
|
COOCH 3
Or
(a) How does vulcanization change the character of natural rubber?1
(b) Why are the numbers 66 and 6 put in the names of nylon 66 and nylon
6?
1
Ans. (a) Heating rubber with sulphur causes cross-linking of polymer chains tthrough
disulphide bonds. This makes rubber hard and stiff. It prevents the intermolecular
movement of rubber springs resulting in change of physical character of rubber.
(b) Nylon 6 is obtained from the monomer caprolactum which contains 6
carbon at oms.
Nylon 66 is a condensation polymer of hexamethylene diamine and adapic
acid, the two monomers have 6 carbon atoms each.
*Q.16. What is lanthanoide contraction? What are the consequences of
lanthanoide contraction?
Ans. Lanthanoide contraction: The steady decrease in the atomic ionic radii of
lanthanoid elements with increase atomic number is called lanthanoide.
Contraction: It is caused by mutual imperfect shielding of 4f electrons.
Lanthanum (La) has the largest ionic radius while Lutetium (Lu) has the smallest
among the 4f elements.
On moving the lanthanoid series, the nuclear charge and the number of 4f
electrons increase by one unit at each step. Since the f orbitals have imperfect
symmetry so they do not effectively shield the outermost electrons against the
increasing nuclear charges. This causes a contraction in size with increase
nuclear charge.
Consequences:
(i)
(ii)
The basic strength of the oxides and hydroxides of lanthanoids decreases

with increasing atomic number.
Lanthanum hydroxide La ( OH )3 is most basic and Lutetium hydroxide Lu
( OH )3 is least basic.
(iii)
Similarly in atomic and ionic sizes of 4d Lanthanoid transition series

elements with 5d series elements. Thus the atomic radii of zirconium ( Zr )
is same as that of Hafnium (Hf).
Q.17. An element has a body centered cubic structure with a cell edge of 288 pm.
The density of the elements is 7. 2 gcm-3 . Calculate the number of atoms
present is 208 g of the element. 2
3
Ans. Volume of unit cell = = ( 288pm ) = 28810-10 cm
= 2.38910-23 cm3
Mass
208g
=
= 28.89cm3
-3
Density 7.2gcm
Total volume
28.89cm3
=
Number of unit cells =
Volumeof a unit cell 2.38910-23 cm3
Volume of 208 g of the element =
= 12.09 1023
For a b. c. c. structure, number of atoms per unit cell = 2
Number of atoms persent in 208 g
= No. of atoms per unit cell No. of unit cells
= 2 12.09 1023 = 24.18 1023 = 2.418 1024.

Q.18. (a) Why is the vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water lower than
that of water?
(b) A 6.90 M solution of KOH in water contains 30% by mass of KOH.
Calculate the density of the KOH solution?
[Molar mass of KOH = 56 g mol-1]
2
Ans. (a) A part of the water surface is occupied by non - volatile glucose molecules.
This decreases the effective surface area for the vaporization of water molecules.
Consequently, the vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water is lower than
that of water.
(b) A 6.90 M solution contains 6.90 mol of KOH in 1000 cm3 of the solution.
A 30% solution contains 30 g of KOH present in = 100g of solution
386.4 g of KOH is present in =
100 386.4
g
30
= 1288 g of solution
Density of KOH solution =
Mass
1288g
=
Volume 1000cm 3
= 1.288 g cm-3.
*Q.19. What type of reactions are known as nucleophilic substitutions reaction?

Give one example.
3
Ans. The nucleophitic substitution reactions are those reactions in which attacking
reagent is a nucleophile and causes the substitution.
Example: Consider the reaction between KOH (aq) and chloroethane. OH- is a
nucleophile which replaces CI- ion of chloroethane.
C2 H 5 - CI + KOH (aq) C 2 H5 - OH + KCI

Chloroethane
Ethanol
Q. 20. The rate of a particular reaction triples when temperature changes

from 50o C to 100o C. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction.
[Given log 3
= 0. 4771; R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1 ]
3
Ans. T1 = 273 + 50 = 323K, T2 = 273 +100 =373K,
K 2 = 3k1
Ea 1 1
Ea 1 1
k2
3K1
=
=
- log
-
k1 2.303R T1 T2
K1 2.303R T1 T2
1
Ea
1
log 3 =
-1
-1
2.3038.314 J mol K 323K 373K
Ea
50
0.4771 =
-1
2.3038.314 J mol 323 373
0.4771 2.303 8.314 323 373
Ea =
50
-1
= 22011.76 J mol
log
Q. 21. (a) How can a colloidal solution and true solution of the same colour be
distinguished from each other?
1
(b) List four applications of adsorption.
Ans. (a) The path of light becomes visible when passed through the colloidal solution
while it is not visible in case of true solution. This is because of Tyndal effect
caused by the scattering of light by colloidal particles.
(b) Applications of adsorption:
(i)
(ii)
Activated charcoal is used in gas masks to remove

poisonous gases such as CH 4 ,CO, etc.
Animal charcoal is used as decolouriser in the manufacture of
sugar.

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Silica is used for removing moisture.

The ion exchange resins are used for removing hardness of water.
Or
Explain the following observations:

(a) Lyophilic colloid is more stable than lyophobic colloid.
1
(b) Coagulation takes place when sodium chloride solution is added to a
colloidal solution of ferric hydroxide.
1
(c) Sky appears blue in colour.
1
Ans. (a) A lyophilic sol is stable due to the charge and the hydration of the sol
particles. Such a sol can only be coagulated by removing the water and adding
solvents like alcohol, acetone, etc. and then an electrolyte.
On the other hand, a lyophobic sol is stable due to the charge only and hence
can be easily coagulated by adding small amount of an electrolyte.
(b)
The colloidal particles get precipitated i.e., ferric hydroxide is precipitated.
(c)
The atmospheric particles of colloidal range scatter blue component of the

white sunlight preferentially. That is why she sky appears blue.
Q.22. Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:

(a) Co ( H 2 N CH 2 CH.2 NH 2 )3 ( SO4 )3 .
2
(b) Cr ( NH 3 ) 2 ( H 2 O )3 CI3
(c) AG ( NH 3 )2 Ag ( CN )2
Ans. (a) Tris (ethane 1, 2- diamine) cobalt (III) sulphate

(b) Triamminetriaquachromium (III) Chloride
(c) Diamminesilver (I) dicyanargentate (I).
Q.23. State Raoults law for solution containing volatile liquids.
Ans. Raoults law for solution containing volatile liquids: It states that for a
solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component in the
solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
Consider a solution consists of two volatile liquids A and B with their mole
fraction X A and X B respectively. PA and PB are their partial vapour pressures.
Then
PA X A PA = P o A X A
and
PB X B PB = P o B X B

where P o A and P o B represent the vapour pressures of pure liquid components A

and B.
A plot (graph) of PA or PB against PA or X B for a solution should give a straight
line.
The dashed lines I and II represent the partial pressure of the components. The
line III represent the total vapour pressure the total pressure of the solution for
any composition is given by
Ptotal = PA + PB
Q.24. (a) Write the names of two ores of copper.
(b) Which method is commonly used to extract copper.
Ans.
(a) Main ores of copper are

(i)
Copper pyrites CuFeS2
(ii)
Copper glance Cu 2S
(iii)
Malachite - CuCO3 Cu ( OH )2
(b) Commonly used method to extract the copper metal from its ore is roasting of
sulphide partially and reduction.
Q.25. (a) Describe the following giving suitable examples:
(i) Cannizzaro reaction (ii) Aldol condensation

(b) Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanal and propanal.
1
Ans. (a) (i) Cannizzaro reaction

NaOH
HCHO + HCHO
CH 3 OH + HCOONa
Methanal
Methanol
Sod. formate
(ii) Aldol condensation
(b) When warmed with iodine and sodium hydroxide solution, ethanal gives
yellow crystals of iodoform.
Propanal does not give this iodoform test
CH3 CHO + 3NaOI CI3 CHO + 3 NaOH

Ethanal
Iodal
CI3 CHO + NaOH CHI3 + HICOONa
Iodoform
Q. 26. Account for the following:
(i) Electrophilic substitution in case of aromatic amines takes place more
readily than benzene.
1
(ii) CH3 CONH 2 is a weaker base than CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 .
(iii) Nitrocompounds have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons having

almost same molecular mass.
1
Ans. (i) Benzene ring in aromatic amines is highly activated. This is due to the
displacement of mole pair of nitrogen towards the ring, which results in the
increase in the electron density on the ring. This facilitates, the electrophilic
attack on the ring.
(ii) In CH3 CONH 2 , the loan pair of electrons on nitrogen atom is involved in
resonance with the carbonyl group. So the electron pair of nitrogen is not easily

available for protonation. Hence CH3 CONH 2 is a weaker base than
CH3 CH 2 NH 2 .
(iii) Nitro compounds are polar compounds whereas hydrocarbons are nonpolar. Due to their polarity, nitro compounds have higher boiling points than the
hydrocarbons having almost same molecular mass.
Q. 27. Give the structures of
(i) Aspirin
(ii) Paracetamol
(iii) Chloroxylenol.
Ans.
Q. 28. (a) Account for the following:

(i) Alkaline medium inhibits the resulting of iron.
(ii) Iron does not rust even if the zinc coating is broken in a galvanized iron
pipe.
1
(b) Cu 2+ + 2e- Cu, E 0 = +0.34V
Ag +1e- Ag, E o = + 0.80V

(i)
(ii)
Construct a galvanic cell using the above data.

Foe what concentration of Ag + ions will the emf of the cell be zero at
25o C, if the concentration of Cu 2 +is 0.01M?

[log 3.919 = 0.593]

Ans. (a) (i) The alkaline medium prevents the availability of H + ions. This in turn
reduces rate of oxidation of Fe to Fe 2+ . Thus the rusting of iron is inhibited.
(ii) Even if the zinc coating is broken in an iron pipe, the remaining zinc layer
undergoes oxidation in preference to iron because of its more electropositive
nature than iron. Hence iron does not rust.
so reduction will occur at silver
(b) (i) Since E o Ag+/Ag is greater than E o 2
Cu +/Cu
electrode. The cell representation is
Cu ( s ) Cu 2+ Ag + Ag(s)
(ii) The cell reaction is
Cu + 2 Ag + ( aq ) Cu 2+ ( Aq ) + 2 Ag ( s )
Clearly, n =2
E o cell = E o anode = 0.80- ( 0.34 ) = 0.46V

Cu 2+
0.059
At 25 C, E cell = E cell log
2
2
Ag +
0.059
0.1
0 = 0.46V log
2
2
Ag +
0.1
0.46 2
log
=
= 15.6
+ 2
0.059
Ag
0.1
= Anti - log (15.6 ) = 3.981015
+ 2
Ag
0.1
0.1
=
= 2.511017
2
15
+
3.98 10
Ag
Ag + = 5.0010-9 M.
o
[given E Cell = 0 ]
Calculate the molarity and molarity of a 15%solution (by weight) of

sulphuric acid of density 1.020gcm 3 . (Atomic masses: H = 1, O =16, S = 32
amu)
5
Ans. (i) M =
Wb
M B V in litre

15g 1000
98g/mol115g 1.02g/mol
15,000
=
molar
981151.02
15,000
=
molar.
11495.4
= 1.3048 molar.
M=
WB 1000
M B 100g
15g 10
=
98g/mol
150
=
molal
98
= 1.53molal
(ii) m =
Q.29. Give reasons for each of the following:

(a) Bleaching of flowers by CI 2 is permanent while by SO 2 is temporary.
(b) Molten aluminum bromide is a poor conductor of electricity.
(c) Nitric oxide becomes brown when released in air.
(d) PCI5 is ionic in nature in the solid state.
(e) Ammonia is a good complexing agent.
Ans. (a) CI 2 Bleaches by oxidation while SO 2 does it by reduction. The reduced

product gets oxidized again and the colour returns.
(b) Aluminium bromide exists as a dimmer, AI 2 Br6 . In this structure, each
aluminium atom forms one coordinate bond by accepting a lone pair of electrons
from the bromine atom of another aluminum bromide molecule and thus
completes an octet of electrons. Due to the lack of free electrons, molten
aluminum bromide is a poor conductor of electricity.
(c) Nitric oxide reacts with air to get oxidized into NO 2 which has brown yellow
vapours.
2NO + O 2 2NO 2
+
(d) In solid state PCI5 exists as [ PCI4 ] [ PCI6 ] and hence it is ionic in nature.
Due to ionic nature, it conducts current on fusion.
(e) N atom in ammonia has lone pair of electrons which can coordinate with other
atoms or cations needing electron pair for stability.
Or
Account for the following:
Ans.
(i)
Chloroacetic acid has higher pK a value than acetic acid.
(ii)
Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta

position.
(iii)
Carboxylic acid have higher boiling points than alcohols of

comparable molecular masses.
5
Account for the following:

(i) Chloroacetic acid has higher pK a value than acetic acid: 'C I ' in chloroactic
acid shows - I effect it creates less electron density on oxygen of carboxylic acid.
Thus release of proton becomes easier. In case of acetic acid the state of affair is
just opposite. Hence chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid is stronger
than acetic acid. There chloroacetic acid has more pK a value than that of acetic
acid.
(ii) Electrophilic substitution is benzoic acid taken place at meta position:
Due to resonance in benzoic acid, there is high in electron density at meta
position. Therefore, electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta
position.
Eg.,

(iii) Carboxylic acid have higher boiling points than alcohols: In both there
operate hydrogen bonding among their molecules. Hydrogen bonding among
acid molecules is far stronger than among alcohol molecules. Hence acids are
higher boiling than alcohols.
Strong hydrogen bonding among carboxylic acid molecules. (Dimer formation).

Q.30. (a) Hormones are chemical messengers. Explain.
2
(b) Name the main disease caused due to lack of the vitamin and its source
in each of the following: A, B6 and E.
Ans. (a) Hormones are molecules that transfer information from one group of cells to
distant tissue or organ and thus control the metabolism. So they act as chemical
messengers.
(b)
Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Deficiency disease
Harding of cornea of eye
Serve dermatitis,
conclusions
Sterility.
Or
(i) Explain the meaning of the statement, Adsorption is a surface
phenomenon.
(ii) State two features of chemical adsorption which are not found with
physical adsorption.
5
Ans. (i) Adsorption is a surface phenomenon: During the phenomenon of
adsorption the adsorbate molecules are held on the surface of the
adsorbent by weak or strong (co- valent bond) forces. Therefore heat is
liberated during adsorption.
It is further more clear from the fact that finely divided adsorbents are good
adsorbents, because free forces increase on subdivision.
(ii) Two features of chemical adsorption:
(1) Unlike to physical adsorption chemical adsorption has high enthalpy of
adsorption. -40 kJ per mole to - 400 kJ mol-1
(2) Unlike to physical adsorption chemical adsorption is specific.

___________


Class 12 Chemistry

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class 12 Chemistry

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

[C. B.S.

All questions are compulsory.

Marks for each question are indicated against it.

Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short- answer questions carrying 1 mark

Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions, carrying 2 marks

Question numbers 19 to 27 are short answer questions, carrying 3 marks

Question numbers 28 to 30 are long answer questions of carrying 5

Use Log Tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not permitted.

A cubic solid is made of two elements X and Y . Atoms Y are at the

Then 27r = k [3A ]

order of reaction, n =3.

Write the IUPAC name of: CH3 .CH ( Br ) CH 2 CONHCH3 .

Ans. 3 -Bromo N methyl butanamide.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and N - methyl aniline.

C6 H5 NH 2 + CHCI3 + 3KOH C6 H5 NC + 3KCI + 3 H 2O

Q. 6. Why aqueous ethylamine turns red litmus blue?

(a) Structure of XeF6

Get the best brains on your side.

2MnO 2 + 4KOH + O 2 2K 2 MNO 4 + 2H 2O

Ans. (a) 2CH 3 CH = CH 2 +

OH, H2O 3CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + H3 BO3

Q.15. Write the structures of monomers used in the preparation of : 2

Get the best brains on your side.

The basic strength of the oxides and hydroxides of lanthanoids decreases

Similarly in atomic and ionic sizes of 4d Lanthanoid transition series

Ans. Volume of unit cell = = ( 288pm ) = 28810-10 cm

= No. of atoms per unit cell No. of unit cells

= 2 12.09 1023 = 24.18 1023 = 2.418 1024.

386.4 g of KOH is present in =

*Q.19. What type of reactions are known as nucleophilic substitutions reaction?

C2 H 5 - CI + KOH (aq) C 2 H5 - OH + KCI

Q. 20. The rate of a particular reaction triples when temperature changes

Activated charcoal is used in gas masks to remove

Get the best brains on your side.

Silica is used for removing moisture.

Explain the following observations:

The colloidal particles get precipitated i.e., ferric hydroxide is precipitated.

The atmospheric particles of colloidal range scatter blue component of the

Q.22. Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:

Ans. (a) Tris (ethane 1, 2- diamine) cobalt (III) sulphate

Get the best brains on your side.

where P o A and P o B represent the vapour pressures of pure liquid components A

(a) Main ores of copper are

(i) Cannizzaro reaction (ii) Aldol condensation

Ans. (a) (i) Cannizzaro reaction

(ii) Aldol condensation

CH3 CHO + 3NaOI CI3 CHO + 3 NaOH

(iii) Nitrocompounds have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons having

Get the best brains on your side.

available for protonation. Hence CH3 CONH 2 is a weaker base than

Q. 28. (a) Account for the following:

Ag +1e- Ag, E o = + 0.80V

Construct a galvanic cell using the above data.

25o C, if the concentration of Cu 2 +is 0.01M?

[log 3.919 = 0.593]

E o cell = E o anode = 0.80- ( 0.34 ) = 0.46V

Calculate the molarity and molarity of a 15%solution (by weight) of

Get the best brains on your side.

Q.29. Give reasons for each of the following:

Ans. (a) CI 2 Bleaches by oxidation while SO 2 does it by reduction. The reduced

Chloroacetic acid has higher pK a value than acetic acid.

Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta

Carboxylic acid have higher boiling points than alcohols of

Account for the following: