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Mechanical properties

of hempcrete
C. Lanos, F. Collet
UEB - LGCGM, Equipe Matriaux Thermo-Rhologie
INSA-IUT, Rennes
France

Biomaterials & Binders for Construction Hemp, Lime, Wood


European workshop in Darmstadt, 21-22 November 2011

Summary

Hempcrete samples

Mechanical properties

Mix proportioning influences


2

Hempcrete samples
Representative size
Mineral binders

Hemp shiv

- Lime
- Portland cement
- Belite cement
- Plaster
-

- With fibres
- Without fibres

300/m3 kg < apparent density < 800 kg/m3


0,3 < shiv+binder volume fraction <0,8

Representative
size of sample ?
7 x D = 14 cm

Hempcrete samples
Production method
Real mixers
- Wet mix
- Dry mix

Laboratory mixers
Hobart type mixer (20 litres)
- mix of the paste
- add of aggregate
mixing duration following the used binder
( typically 2 min)

Uses of hempcrete
On site moulding

Water content adjustment to ensure flow ability

Precasting blocks

Spraying

Hempcrete samples
Samples sizes

Real size sample : box

16 cm

30 cm

30 cm

Usable for :
- sprayed concrete
- moulded concrete
Respect of loading direction

Hempcrete samples
Real size sample : wall
Thickness = 17 cm
Sample are take of the wall
Usable for :
- sprayed concrete
- moulded concrete
Prismatic samples 14x14x70 cm3
For flexural tests
For compression test

Hempcrete samples
Cylindrical sample
D = 16 cm H = 32 cm
3 layers with compaction
Usable for :
- moulded concrete
- shiv binder validation

Hempcrete samples
Curing conditions
Closed mould
6-28 days at room temperature (following the binder)
Removing of mould
drying at 23 C and 55 HR
Mass loss survey
Sample mass (g)
6000

Sample
mass
(g)
masse
chantillon
(kg)

9000

dmoulage

lime

8000

Hydraulic binder

5500

7000

5000

6000

4500

5000

4000

4000

3500
3000

3000
2000

2500

1000

t2000
(j)

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Mechanical properties
Method
Sample surface are straightened (by sawing)
Imposed displacement : 5 mm/min
progressive cyclic loading
(example : 1,5 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm and 50 mm)

final strain > 15%


Load cell capacity : 50 kN
(INSTRON 400 kN with large rigidity)

Output:
servo-mechanical
testing systems

stress : F/So
strain : h/ho

Mechanical properties
typical behaviour of hempcrete
strain stress curves
(MPa)

Without compaction
0,3 < shiv+binder volume fraction < 0,55
du 11 07 2007

0,8 c

0,7

0,6

Data analysis:
0,5
- Maximum stress
0,4
- Compressive modulus
0,3
- Residual strength
- strain at maximum stress0,2
0,1
0
Sample analysis
0
- Localization of compaction
- failure

(m/m)

def (m/m)
0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

Chamoin (2012)

Mechanical properties
strain stress curves
Data analysis:
- Compaction effect
- Compressive modulus

With compaction: 0.1 to 2.9 MPa


0,6 < shiv+binder volume fraction < 0,8
c (MPa)

Compaction of sample

(%)
Homogeneous strains
NGuyen (2010)

Mechanical properties
Repeatability
Lime hempcrete 700 kg/m3
c (MPa)

(m/m)

Links with the sample density repeatability

Mechanical properties
Output
Failure type (lime hempcrete 450 kg/m3)
Without fibers

cement hempcrete
550 kg/m3

ANR Btonchanvre (2010)

With fibers

Lime hempcrete
710 kg/m3

Mechanical properties
Loading direction and compaction effects
Various loading direction
Demi-prouvette horizontale

Demi-prouvette verticale

Bloc entier

ANR Btonchanvre (2010)

Mechanical properties
Compression
Rsistance
la strength
compression (kPa)

Compression strength versus density


Matriau A (pr. entire)
1000
Matriau A (demi-pr. horizontale)
Matriau A (demi-pr. verticale)
Matriau B (pr. entire)

800

Matriau B (demi-pr. horizontale)


Matriau B (demi-pr. verticale)

Sprayed lime hempcrete


1,83

y = 0,0082x
2
R = 0,43

Matriau C (pr. entire)

600

Matriau C (demi-pr. horizontale)

= 0 (/0)2

Matriau C (demi-pr. verticale)


Courbe modle d'Elfordy et al. (2008)

400
200
0
200

2,62

y = 3E-05x
Moulded lime hempcrete R2 = 0,92

300

400
500
-3
Massedensity
volumique (kg m )

600
ANR Btonchanvre (2010)

Mechanical properties
Compression strength versus density

Compression strength

compacted lime hempcrete

density
Nguyen (2010)

Mechanical properties
Moduli
(MPa)

Rcc (MPa)
(MPa)

Rcc
0,3

0,14
0,25

14 MPa
0,12
0,2

36 MPa
0,1

0,15

0,08

0,1

0,05

0,06

0,04
0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

def (m/m)

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,2

0,02

def
(m/m)
(m/m)

Distinction between :
- apparent modulus
- elastic modulus

0,002

0,004

0,006

10 150 MPa
10 300 MPa

0,008

0,01

0,012

0,014

0,016

0,018

0,02

Mechanical properties
Compression strength evolution

Crzo (2005)

Mechanical properties
Compression strength evolution
1/3plaster 2/3 lime hempcrete
Rc cube (MPa)

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

Quick setting
Lime carbonation effect

0,2

0,1

0
1

10

100

j
1000

Mix proportioning influences


Influence of binder content

Increase of
binder
content

Crzo (2005)

Mix proportioning influences


Influence of fibres type, carbonation, binder type
c (MPa)
0,90

Compression strength versus density


100 % lime

Shiv without fibres

C = carbonated
NC = non carbonated

0,80

0,70

F1-NC
F1-C

0,60

0,50

F2-NC

70 % plaster
30 % lime

F2-C

Shiv with fibres

0,40

F3-NC
F3-C

0,30

F4-NC
F4-C

0,20

0,10

(kg/m3)
0,00
350,00

400,00

450,00

500,00

Chamoin (2012)

Mix proportioning influences


Influence of fibres type, carbonation, binder type
c (MPa)

Compression strength versus apparent modulus

0,90

C = carbonated
NC = non carbonated

0,80

Shiv without fibres

0,70

F1-NC
F1-C

0,60

F2-NC
0,50

F2-C
F3-NC

0,40

F3-C

Shiv with fibres

0,30

F4-NC
F4-C

0,20

0,10

0,00
0,00

apparent (MPa)
20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

140,00

Chamoin (2012)

Mix proportioning influences


Influence of fibres type, carbonation, binder type
c (MPa)

Compression strength versus elastic modulus

0,90

C = carbonated
NC = non carbonated

0,80

Shiv without fibres

0,70

F1-NC
F1-C

0,60

F2-NC
0,50

F2-C
F3-NC

0,40

F3-C

Shiv with fibres

0,30

F4-NC
F4-C

0,20

0,10

0,00
0,00

elastic (MPa)
50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

Chamoin (2012)

Mix proportioning influences


Influence of fibres type, carbonation, binder type
strain at maximum compression strength versus apparent modulus
(c) (m/m)
0,0300

C = carbonated
NC = non carbonated

Shiv with fibres Carbonation effect


0,0250

F1-NC
F1-C

0,0200

F2-NC
F2-C
0,0150

F3-NC

Shiv without fibres

0,0100

F3-C
F4-NC
F4-C

0,0050

0,0000
0,00

apparent (MPa)
20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

140,00

Chamoin (2012)

Conclusions
Hempcrete :
compressible material
low compression strength 0,2

3,5 MPa

better strengths after compaction


links between mechanical parameters:
large influence of density

low elastic modulus < 300 MPa


large strain
Interesting post pick strengths

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