Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHANGE ACTIVITIES
PARTCIPANTS IN THE SDLC:
Systems Professionals- individuals who build the system (systems analysts, systems
engineers, and programmers)
End Users- for whom the system is built (These include managers, operations personnel,
accountants, and internal auditors)
Stakeholders- individuals either within or outside the organization who have an interest
in the system but are not end users
Accountants/Auditors- The SDLC process is of interest to accountants and auditors for
two reasons. First, the creation of an information system involve significant financial
transactions. Accountants are as concerned with the integrity of this process as they are
with any manufacturing process that has financial resource implications. The second
reason is that the accountants responsibility is to ensure that the systems employ proper
accounting conventions and rules, and possess adequate controls.
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION-PHASE 7
Database structures are populated with data, New system is installed, system is
documented
The systems documentation provides the auditor with essential information
about how the system works:
Designer and Programmer Documentation. Systems designers and
programmers need documentation to debug errors and perform
maintenance on the system
Operator Documentation. Computer operators use documentation called
a run manual, which describes how to run the system.
User Documentation. documentation describing how to use the system
(user handbook).
Cutover. process of converting from the old system to the new. It will usually
follow one of three approaches: cold turkey, phased, or parallel operation.
Cold Turkey Cutover. Under the cold turkey cutover approach (also
called the Big Bang approach), the firm switches to the new system and
simultaneously terminates the old system.
Phased Cutover. Sometimes an entire system cannot, or need not, be cut
over at once.
Parallel operation cutover involves running the old system and the new
system simultaneously for a period of time
SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE-PHASE 8
Systems maintenance is a formal process by which application programs undergo
changes to accommodate changes in user needs.