Morales, Alexandra Regina Q.

BUILDU3
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1. A-Line Lamp
The type of incandescent light bulb that is generally used in most indoor
residential lighting applications
2. Absorption of Light
The fate of non-Reflected, non-Scattered light. The reason why black suits are
difficult to light (and hot to wear) is that they absorb most of the light and
convert it into heat. Surfaces that absorb only parts of the Spectrum appear
pink, purple, green, or some other color.
3. Accent Light
Any Source from almost any direction which is used in addition to more basic
lights to call attention to an object or area - not the Lighting.
4. Amp
Watts divided by Volts
5. Angle of Light
The angle formed between the light/subject axis and camera/subject axis is
probably the most important aspect of light in determining mood, modeling, and
"message." Both the horizontal and the vertical angle should be indicated.
Examples: true Rim Light 180 degrees for both; Key Light commonly 15 to 45
degrees for both. Tip: On the job, pros tend to use less specific designations such
as Top, Side, and 3/4-back, which indicate the approximate angle yet allow for
fine-tuning based on the subject.
6. Available Light
Light of almost any sort which exists and has not been introduced to record
images. Its use is sometimes fast, cheap, and even beautiful. Tip: The more you
understand lighting technique, the better prepared you will be to take
advantage of the good stuff - when it is available. Before committing, what are
the odds that it will last as long as youre shooting will and that the mood is
appropriate? Keep a few lights available - in case.
7. Back Light
Back Light separates subject from background, saints from sinners, and one pro
from another. Angle: toward the lens from above and behind the subject, or
above, behind, and slightly to the side of it, high enough to cut lens flare. It is
especially helpful for video images that may suffer loss-of-edge contrast. Sins:
confusing this source with Background Light, and, for Motivation purists, using it at
all. Tip: Smoke, steam, and other translucent subjects adore Back Light of almost
any color.
8. Base Light
Diffuse, overall set Illumination intended to keep video electronics quiet. This

characterless illumination has been going out of style thanks to improved

camera performance and skillful Lighting Directors - at least on single-camera
sets.
9. Ballast
A device which provides the necessary starting voltage and appropriate current
to a fluorescent or high intensity discharge (HID) luminaire.
10. Beam
A cone of light emitted by a Luminaire.
11. Butterfly Lighting
A slightly high-angle, slightly Diffused source, cen-tered on a (frequently female)
subject's face to minimize nose shadow, skin texture, and double chins and
emphasize cheekbones and beauty.
12. Downlighting
Light which is cast downward from a fixture. The most common and direct form of
lighting.
13. Dimmer: a device in an electrical circuit used for varying the brightness of light
bulbs in a lighting installation. Dimming controls are ideal for almost any type of
room because they can change the amount of lighting to suit each mood or
activity and they can help you look good.
14. Efficacy
A measure expressed in lumens per watt representing the efficiency of a
lamp/ballast system or luminaire.
15. Exposure Latitude
The range, above or below optimum exposure, within which a given film can
reproduce acceptable results. Negative films have the widest latitude for decent
exposure
16. Fall-off (Light on a surface)
The size of the area on a surface where light and shadows merge. Soft sources
produce a gradual transition, a subtle gradation of tones. Hard sources, without
Fill Light, change abruptly.
17. Foot Candle (fc)
A unit of incident illumination, theoretically unaffected by subject Brightness
18. Foreground
Dark foregrounds help hold the eye within the Frame and increase the illusion of
Depth. Bright foreground objects, especially out-of-focus or moving ones, can be
distracting
19. Fresnel
A thinner, lighter, "stepped" version of a Plano-convex Lens. Also, a Spot Light
with such a lens
20. Glare
Light reflected toward the camera from shiny or even relatively Matte surfaces.
In moderation, it is one of the most useful ways to add life to drab subjects. If
excessive, tame it by: moving the glaring object, the light, or camera angle;

using softer light, a polarizing camera Filter (not on bare metal), or dulling-type
spray (not on bald heads)
21. Halogen Lamp
A type of incandescent lamp (light bulb) that contains halogen gases (such as
iodine, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), which slow the evaporation of the
tungsten filament. Also, sometimes called a tungsten halogen lamp or a quartz
lamp. The glass envelope that surrounds the filament of a halogen lamp
should not be touched with bare hands. The natural oil from human hands will
only help to shorten the life of halogen lamps. If you should accidentally touch
the glass bulb, you should thoroughly remove your fingerprints with methylated
spirit (denatured alcohol)
22. Hard Light
A relatively small, direct, usually focusable source, with or without lens, that
produces strong High-lights and dark shadows. The quality is more dramatic and
controllable, but generally less flattering, than Soft Light. Tip: Cheapest hard
source with least Fall-off: the sun.
23. Highlights
The bright areas of a subject or scene, often the result of gentle Reflections of
lights. Strong reflections are called "Kicks" or "hot spots." The size and intensity of
highlights are determined in part by the hard or soft nature of the light and the
subject texture. Tip: Diffusion enlarges and softens highlights.
24. Hue
The perception of a color as the result of the miraculous combination of optical,
physical, chemical, neural, and psychological phenomena. See: Spectrum,
White Light, and Absorption.
25. Illuminance
The total luminous flux incident on a surface per unit area; a measure of how
much of the incident light illuminates the surface; measured in lux or foot-candles
26. Infrared
A portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum to which the human eye is not
sensitive but which can be used with infrared film and Filter to record images of
unusual tonal balance. Infrared rays produce heat when they strike objects.
27. Lamp
Fits in a light and glows white-hot when turned on. Cautions: If anyone calls it a
Bulb his or her Cinematic License will be revoked, but not his theatrical one. If
anyone touches it (bare-fingered) when cold, the lamp will be damaged. If
anyone touches it when hot, their fingers will be damaged.
28. Lumen
A unit of measurement of Incident light. Lumens, like Lux, flux, candela, Foot
Candles, foot lamberts, and Watt/seconds, were created by scientists and
engineers to confuse artists.
29. Lux
A unit of measure of Incident Light. The video and European version of Foot
Candles. Conversion Formula: fc x 10.8 = Lux.

30. Moonlighting
An outdoor lighting technique that simulates the filtering of natural light from the
moon through an object such as a tree. A luminaire can be placed directly high
on a tree to achieve this landscaping effect.
31. Niche Lighting
Lighting that is specifically designed for a small architectural niche (a small area
recessed into a wall that usually is topped with partial dome). Due to the small
size of a niche, the lighting for a niche is generally very small and often hidden
from view in the top dome and/or the sides of the niche.
32. Opaque
A term that describes a material that does not transmit any visible light. A
wooden door, aluminum foil, and bricks are all examples of opaque materials.
33. Optics: a branch of physics that studies infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light and
how they interact with matter. Optics also focuses on the construction of
instruments/accessories/devices that detect and manipulate light, such as
mirrors,lenses, filters, and louvers.
34. Red-eye
The red-retina reflection seen in the center of the eyes when portraits are lit by a
flash positioned too close to the lens axis.
35. Reflected Light
Various surfaces in a scene reflect between 1% and 95% of the Incident Light.
Specular surfaces will reflect it narrowly. Diffuse (rough, irregular, or Matte)
surfaces Scatter it.
36. Reflector
An opaque material that controls light into a certain direction. A component
of PAR lamps, reflectors can be used to intensify light. A mirror is an example of a
flat reflector.
37. Refraction
The directional shift or "bending" of light rays as they leave one density medium
and enter a different one. Or why your legs are short in water when viewed from
the air.
38. Refractor
A transparent material, such as a lens or a prism that bends or refracts light
39. Rembrandt Lighting
The dramatic emphasis of a few planes or features of the subject by using
Accent Lights or shadowing devices that keep the rest of the scene very dark
40. Soft Light
Diffused, Bounced, indirect light; the opposite of Hard Light. The soft shadows
and subtle highlights produced are so luscious one wonders why this light isn't
used for everything. At times it seems to be. The difficulty of hiding and
controlling a soft source, however, especially when shooting reverse angles, and
its reluctance to "go the distance," limits its use. So does fickle fashion. Tip: The
largest, cheapest soft source is an overcast sky.

41. Space Light

A large cylinder containing several broad lights that is hung from ceilings to
provide soft top light. A black "skirt" can be lowered to limit Spill on surrounding
walls. Used mostly on features and commercials.
42. Spectrum (Visible & Electromagnetic)
The full range of electromagnetic wavelengths extends from the shortest gamma
rays of 1 millionth mm to radio waves of 6 miles. Buried in the middle is the visible
spectrum, the tiny portion to which the human eye is sensitive. The spectrum can
be "seen" when White Light is intercepted by a prism or rain-drops. Tip: It does not
fully match what film "sees" and therein lie occasional surprises.
43. Symmetrical Lighting
Lights placed at more or less equal heights and equal-but-opposite angles and
set at equal intensities. Because such lighting violates the principal of
Dominance, it looks unnatural, confusing, or boring
44. Translucent
An object, material or vapor that transmits and diffuses light but not clear images
45. Transmit
(for a wave) to pass through a medium (such as light passing through glass)
without a change in color (wavelength or frequency)
46. Uplighting
A lighting technique that directs light on an object from a light fixture aimed
upward. Uplighting can create an intimate environment such as using a candle
in a restaurant, or it can create harsh shadows resulting in an eerie effect like
that created by uplighting a statue. This technique is also used in landscape
lighting to accent trees or bushes.
47. Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
A form of electromagnetic radiation that is not visible to the naked human eye
and which has a wavelength of less than 400 nanometers (nm) and greater than
100 nm.
48. Umbra Penumbra Phenomenon
The black center shadow and gray outside shadow(s) produced by an eclipse
and most hard lights.
49. Watt (w)
A measurement of power or the rate at which electrons move along a wire. Tip:
Different types and makes of fixtures using the same wattage lamps when tested
at the same distance will have considerable variations in light output.
Performance charts may be helpful; an Incident Light Meter definitely will be.
Watt/seconds, W/s, Joule, J (flash) The electrical current stored within the
capacitors of electronic flash units, only part of which reaches the flash tube and
none of which can be compared with the real or claimed watt/second ratings
of other units. Joule is the British equivalent.
50. Xenon Lamp: a type of incandescent light bulb that contains xenon gas in the
glass envelope. The primary reason that this is done is to lengthen the
average rated life of the lamp. Depending on the lamp a typical xenon lamp

may have a rated life of 10,000 hours whereas a similar halogen lamp may have
a rated life of 2,000 hours. Unlike halogen lamps, xenon lamps may be touched
with bare hands without affecting the rated life of the lamp. Xenon lamps also
operate at cooler temperatures than comparable halogen lamps. Like halogen
lamps, xenon lamps may be dimmed (using the right dimmer) whether the lamp
is rated for low voltage (12 volts or 24 volts) or line voltage (120 volts).

Sources:
The Lighting Library - A Glossary of Lighting Terms. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2014,
from http://www.pegasuslighting.com/glossary.html
Glossary of Lighting Terms. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2014, from
http://lowel.tiffen.com/edu/glossary/