Midterm #1

Oct 27, 2014 (Mon 50 min)

Chapters: 1-4, 7
Closed book
1 pg notes (2-sided)
Review session on Tues (Oct 21)
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 1
Equilibrium: F = 0 & Mp = 0
then: v v(t) or v = 0

F FR

Action Reaction

F d(mv)/dt ma

Weight on planet surface; e.g., Earth: W = mgo

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 2 1/2
rAB Bx Ax i By Ay j Bz Az k

FAB FAB (u AB ) FAB ( rAB / rAB )

U
U
U
U
y
x
z
e

k
UU U U

c
o
s
i

c
o
s
j

c
o
s
k
x
y
z

2 2 2
U

U
x
y
z
c
o
s
c
o
s
c
o
s

1
2
U
2
x

2
y

2
z

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 2 2/2

Dot Product

A B Ax Bx Ay B y Az Bz

AB
cos A B AB cos
AB
Cross Product

A x B = |A| |B| sin uC = C

i
j k
U
VU
x U
y U
z
V
V
V
x
y
z

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Mixed Triple Product

U (V W)

Scalar or vector?

Place into determinant form for evaluation:

Ux U y Uz
U (V W) Vx Vy Vz
Wx Wy Wz

Interchanging vectors changes sign:

Volume of
parallelepiped

U (V W) W (V U)
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Vector Addition Review Questions

What info does a unit vector convey ?
Given vector F, how do you find uF ?
What is a position vector ?
What are direction cosines ?
cos2x + cos2y + cos2z = ?
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Scalar, Vector, Mixed-Triple Product Review Qs

1) How does one evaluate Dot Product of F and G ?
2) What is Dot Product useful for ?
3a) F G = ?

3b) F G = ?

3c) FP FN = ?

4) How does one evaluate Cross Product of U and V ?

5) What is Cross Product useful for ?
6) How does one evaluate Mixed-Triple Product of U, V, W ?
7) What is Mixed-Triple Product useful for ?
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 3
Vector equilibrium
equations in
2-D or 3-D
Scalar equilibrium
equations in
2-D or 3-D
2-D => 2 Eql Eqns

3-D => 3 Eql Eqns

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Equilibrium Review Questions

What is difference btw contact and body forces?
What influence does an ideal pulley have on a rope?
What is a necessary equilibrium condition that
forces acting on body must satisfy?
What are the 3 steps for making a FBD?
Why are internal forces NOT included on FBDs?

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Pulleys
Pulley only changes direction of tension in cable,
not the magnitude, thus tension is constant.
-- exactly true when: no bearing friction
no rope slippage
Winch

AA210 University of Washington Autumn 2014

Springs
1. Springs exert contact forces
2. Force proportional to displacement from
equilibrium position (Hookes Law)
Lo

|Fext|= k (L Lo)= k Dx
Spring constant

Displacement

L
Fext
Fexternal in direction of spring Dx
Freaction in opposite dir. of Dx
k units: F/Dx ~ N/m ~ lb/in

L
Fext
Guide why?

AA210 University of Washington Autumn 2014

Chapter 4 1/2
Moment about a point
Mp

MP = Mx i + My j + Mz k

i
Mp = r x F = rx
Fx
MO

j
ry
Fy

(ry Fz rz Fy ) i +
k
rz = (rz Fx rx Fz) j +
(rx Fy ry Fx) k
Fz

L
ML

F
r

ML = (eL MO) eL = eL (r x F ) eL

eL O
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 4 2/2
F1
(LoA)1

MC => Couple is free vector

w/ |MC| = |F| d

d
(LoA)2
F2

Equivalent Systems

(Fi)1 = F
(MP)1 = rpi x Fi 1 Mi )1 = M
q

(Mq)1 = (Mq)2
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 4
x1

Equivalent Systems Applications

F1

F = Fi

~
x

P
x2

F2
x3

P
LoA

F3

M
xi Fyi
~
x P
F
Fyi

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Moment & Equivalent System Review Qs

1) What is moment and where does it come from?
2) Given F and some point P, how do you find MP?
3) Physical meaning of moment vector coefficients? MP = Mx i + My j + Mz k
4) What is Varignons Theorem and how is it applied?
5) Given MP where P is on line L, how do you find ML?
6) Which components of F generate moment about line L?
7) What is a couple? Why is it a free vector?
8) When are two systems of F & M equivalent?
9) Where is LoA of resultant F placed for system of Fi and how do you
find this center of force location?
10) Why were FBDs not used in these moment lectures ?
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 7 1/2
y
A

x
y
x

V dV

1
~
x x dV
VV

1
~
y y dV
VV

1
~
z z dV
VV

V Vi

~xiVi
~
x
Vi

~yiVi
~
y
Vi

~ziVi
~
z
Vi

Composites: holes treated as neg area

Use

A, L, V, rV = m for area, line, volume centroids & center of mass,

respectively.
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Chapter 7 2/2

x2

x1

yL

x1

yU ( x)2 yL ( x)2
1 2
dx

A x1
2
2
x

1 2
x x dx yU ( x) yL ( x)
A x1

dy

yU

A dA dx dy dx yU ( x) y L ( x)
A

dL

x2

dL dx 1 dy dx dy 1 dx dy
2

dx

dL
rd
dr

dL d r dr d
2

P-G Thms for bodies of revolution

Asurface = 2p y lineL

Vvolume = 2p y area A

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Centroids Review Questions

1. Does centroid of area depend on choice of
coordinate system?
2. When do centroid and center of mass coincide?
3. When do you use composite theorems?

4. Center of mass must always be located on body,

true or false?
5. What are Pappus-Guldinus Thms useful for?
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

Review Problem 1
Find maximum weight W that can be supported by
cables AB and AC knowing their respective tension
limits (Bmax & Cmax) and angles a, b.
a

F = 0

b
a

F = B + C + W

Determine W for Bmax AND Cmax

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

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Review Problem 2
Find tension T to support weight W in ideal pulley system.
Assume each pulley has mass mp.
Tb
c

T = Ta
T

Tc Tc

Ta

Wp

Wp = mp g
Ta Tb Tc

Do not
include
internal
forces!

Wp

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

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Review Problem #1/1

Tugboats A and B exert forces FA & FB
on ship, angle is given. The effect of
these tugboats can be represented by
single resultant force F.
a) What is resultant force vector F ?
b) Where does line of action of F
intersect x-axis ?

c) Where does line of action of F

intersect y-axis ?
Note: Equivalent
System Problem

F = Fi
MO)1 = (MO)2

Note: finite width of ship (25 m)

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

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Example: Cube

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Ex: Cube (cont.)

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Centroid Review Problem #1/1

Given: flat plate suspended by 3 ropes
thickness: t = 0.25 ft
specific wt: g = 180 lb/ft2
Find: CG and TA, TB, TC

Note: uniform plate => CG @ centroid, W = g A

z coord not important for finding tension
sum moments about x and y axes, sum vertical forces

AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

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Ex: Composite Body

Given: Part shown
Find:

a
c

Centroid

Composite Body Analysis

1. Divide body into following pieces:

rectangle (a) + triangle (b) + quarter circular (c)
semicircular area (d)
Solve
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

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Ex: Pappus-Guldinus Theorems

1. Given: semi-circular arc centroid (from line example)
y
Find: surface area of sphere
R

1st P-G Thm: Surface area of revolution body

Asphere = y

L = 2p(2 R /p) (pR) = 4pR2

complete revolution

y
x

= 2R/pL = pR

2. Given: volume of sphere Vsphere = (4/3)pR3

Find: centroid of semi-circular area

2nd P-G Thm: Volume of revolution body

Vsphere = y
y

A = 2p(y ) (pR2/2) = (4/3)pR3

x

= (4/3) R /p
AA210 University of Washington - Autumn 2014

=?

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