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ISSN (Online):2278-5299
Abstract - Major initiatives are taken by developing countries like India in developing the infrastructure such as express highways, power
projects, industrial structures, ports and harbors to meet the requirements of globalization in construction of buildings and other
structures. Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry and a large quantum of concrete is being utilized. River sand, which is
one of the constituent used in the production of conventional concrete, has become expensive and also a scarce material. In view of this,
there is a need to identify suitable alternative material from industrial waste in place of river sand. The utilization of quarry dust which is
a waste material has been accepted as building material in many countries for the past three decades. Recycling involves processing used
materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials,
reduce energy usage, reduce air and water pollution by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal and to lower green house gas
emission as compared to virgin production. Recycling is the key component of modern waste management system and is the third
component of waste hierarchy, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Concrete traditionally consists of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate
and water. An attempt has been made to replace the fine aggregate with quarry dust with an objective of utilizing the waste material. It is
found that quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete when used along with super plasticizers.
Keyword - concrete, river sand, quarry dust, industrial wastes, super plasticizer.
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially
of Portland cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. The
mixture of the materials results in a chemical reaction called
hydration and a change in the mixture from plastic to a solid
state occurs over a period of time. The cost of concrete can be
reduced by reducing cost of constituent materials. Cost
reduction can also be achieved by using locally available
alternative material, instead of conventional materials.
The world wide consumption of fine aggregate in
concrete production is very high, and several developing
countries have encountered difficulties in meeting the supply
of natural fine aggregate in order to satisfy the increasing
needs of infrastructural development in recent years.
To overcome the stress and demand for river fine
aggregate, researchers and practitioners in the construction
industries have identified some alternative materials such as
fly ash, slag, limestone powder and siliceous stone powder.
In India attempts have been made to replace river sand with
quarry dust.
The successful utilization of quarry dust as fine
aggregate would turn this waste material that causes disposal
problem into a valuable resource. The utilisation will also
reduce the strain on supply of natural fine aggregate, which
will also reduce the cost of concrete.
The main objective of the present investigation is to
evaluate the possibilities of using quarry dust as a
replacement to fine aggregate along with super plasticizer at a
dosage of 0.5 and 1 % by weight of cementitious material.
During the present study, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and
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SiO
62.48
80.78
Al O
18.72
10.52
Fe O
CaO
MgO
Na O
06.54
04.83
02.56
Nil
01.75
03.21
00.77
01.37
KO
03.18
01.23
TiO
01.21
Nil
00.48
00.37
MATERIALS
CEMENT: Ordinary Portland Cement (43 Grade) with
specific gravity of 3.15 was used for this experimental
investigation.
FINE
AGGREGATE
AGGREGATE):
(NATURAL
RIVER
FINE
3
Property
Specific
gravity
Bulk
relative
density
Quarry
rock
dust
Natural
sand
Test method
2.60
2.68
IS 2386 (Part
III) 1963
1700
1550
IS 2386 (Part
III) 1963
1.30
Nil
IS 2386 (Part
III) 1963
Nil
1.50
IS 2386 (Part
III) 1963
14
06
Zone III
Zone III
(kg/m )
Absorpti
on (%)
Moisture
content
(%)
Fine
particles
less than
0.075mm
(%)
Sieve
analysis
IS 2386 (Part I)
1963
IS 383 - 1970
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Loss on
ignition
IS: 40321968
CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE:
The chemical admixture used for the investigation is
super plasticizer conplast sp430. Super plasticizer produces
concrete with high workability and flowability. Use of super
plasticizer will also result in the reduction in water content
without loss of workability. The electro chemical activity of
the super plasticizer is responsible for the high workability.
Super plasticizer molecules and cement grains are oppositely
charged and hence repel each other. This increases the
mobility and hence the flowability of concrete. As per IS
456:2000, the dosage of super plasticizer should not exceed
2% by weight of cement. During the present investigation,
dosage of 0.5% and 1% by weight of cement was used.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION:
The experimental investigation consisted of making M30
concrete with various proportions of quarry dust as a
replacement to fine aggregate and determining the
mechanical properties of concrete.
M30 mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 and its mix ratio
was found to be 1: 1.25:2.94:0.45
The required materials were weighed and mixing of concrete
was carried out manually. Cube specimens of size 150 mm x
150 mm x 150 mm, cylinder specimens of diameter 150 mm
and length 300 mm and prism specimens of size 500 mm x
100 mm x 100 mm were cast. The specimens were de molded
after 24 hours of casting and the specimens were cured in
tank for 28 days. Testing was carried out in the Structural
engineering laboratory of SNS College of Technology using
a Computerized Universal Testing machine and a Digital
compression testing machine.
METHODOLOGY
During the present study, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%
and 100% of traditional fine aggregate was replaced with
quarry dust. For each of the mixes, two dosages of super
plasticizer, 0.5% and 1% by weight of cement were added.
Fifty one cube specimens, fifty one cylinder specimens and
fifty one prism specimens were cast.
TEST PROCEDURE
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
After 28 days of curing, the cubes were taken out of the
curing tank, dried and tested using a compression machine.
These cubes were loaded on their sides during compression
testing such that the load was exerted perpendicularly to the
direction of casting. The cubes were placed in the
92
0
10
20
30
40
50
100
Compressive
strength of
concrete for
0.5% of super
plasticizer is
added (N/mm2)
27.0
27.9
29.5
31.0
32.7
34.5
43.0
Compressive
strength of
concrete for 1
% of super
plasticizer is
added (N/mm2)
28.0
29.6
31.2
33.4
34.9
38.0
48.0
Percentage of
replacement of
quarry dust
0
10
20
30
40
50
100
Split Tensile
strength of
concrete for
0.5% of super
plasticizer is
added (N/mm2)
1.3
1.5
1.6
2.3
2.8
3.1
4.5
Split Tensile
strength of
concrete for 1
% of super
plasticizer is
added (N/mm2)
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.5
4.7
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increased until the specimen failed and the load at failure was
recorded and the flexural strength was determined. Flexural
strength was taken as the average strength of three
specimens.
Three conventional concrete prisms without super plasticizer
and without quarry dust were also cast and tested. The
flexural strength of conventional concrete was found to be
4.3 N/mm2. The flexural strength of concrete with quarry dust
and super plasticizer are given in Table 5
Percentage of
replacement of
quarry dust
0
10
20
30
40
50
100
Flexural
strength of
concrete for
0.5% of super
plasticizer is
added (N/mm2)
5.0
5.6
6.2
7.2
7.4
7.7
14.2
Flexural
strength of
concrete for 1
% of super
plasticizer is
added (N/mm2)
8.0
9.2
9.8
10.3
10.9
11.5
21.0
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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