Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Area Distribution
Ex: Water Pressure
Body Distribution
(Ex: Self weight)
The unique Point G is called the Center of Gravity of the body (CG)
xdW
W
y=
ydW
W
z=
zdW
W
x=
xdm
m
y=
ydm
m
z=
zdm
m
In vector notations:
Position vector for elemental mass:
r = xi + yj + zk
r = x i + yj + z k
rdm
r=
m
x=
xdV
dV
y=
ydV
dV
z=
zdV
dV
x=
xdW
W
y=
ydW
W
z=
zdW
W
ydm
y=
zdm
z=
rdm
r=
x=
xdV
dV
y=
ydV
dV
m
m
m
m
They define a unique point, which is a function of distribution of mass
This point is Center of Mass (CM)
CM coincides with CG as long as gravity field is treated as uniform and parallel
CG or CM may lie outside the body
z=
zdV
dV
Half Ring
CM on intersection of two planes of symmetry (line AB)
x=
xdm
m
y=
ydm
x=
xdL
L
y=
ydL
L
z=
zdL
L
xdA
A
y=
ydA
A
z=
zdA
A
x=
xdV
V
y=
ydV
V
z=
zdV
V
z=
zdm
m
A = dA = ldy
A = dx dy
V = dV = r2 dy V = dxdydz
Vertical strip of area under the curve is given by the first order term dA = ydx
The second order triangular area 0.5dxdy may be discarded
Modified
Equations
x=
xc dA
A
y=
yc dA
A
z=
zc dA
A
x=
xc dV
V
y=
yc dV
V
z=
z c dV
V
xdL
x=
L
ydL
y=
L
xc dA
x=
zdL
z=
x=
xc dV
V
y=
yc dV
V
z=
zc dV
V
y c dA
y=
A
z c dA
z=
A
L =
xdL
y=
ydL
L
z=
zdL
L
2
=
2
= 2
=
=
=
"
Total Area A =
x=
xc dA
A
y=
yc dA
A
=
z=
zc dA
A =
A
=
=
6
2
=
3
(m1 + m2 + m3 )X = m1 x1 + m2 x2 + m3 x3
Mass Center Coordinates can be
written as:
X =
mx
m
Y =
my
m
Z =
mz
m
Axc
A
y=
Ay c
A
( Ax )xc
Ax
x=
Vxc
V
120
100
For the area shown, determine the ratio a/b for which =
= 2#
=
= 2#
The area of a surface of revolution is equal to the length of the generating curve times
the distance traveled by the centroid of the curve while the surface is being generated
in radians
=
Theorems of Pappus can also be used to determine centroid of plane curves if area
created by revolving these figures @ a non-intersecting axis is known
$ = 2#
=
$ = 2#
The volume of a body of revolution is equal to the length of the generating area times
the distance traveled by the centroid of the area while the body is being generated
in radians
Will now consider forces which are proportional to the area or volume over which they
act but also vary linearly with distance from a given axis.
- the magnitude of the resultant depends on the first moment of the force distribution
with respect to the axis.
- The point of application of the resultant depends on the second moment of the
distribution with respect to the axis.
y dA = Qx = first moment
2
y dA = second moment
I y = x 2 dA
I x = y dA = y 2bdy = 13 bh 3
0
dI y = x 2 dA = x 2 y dx
J 0 = I z = r 2 dA
The polar moment of inertia is related to the
rectangular moments of inertia,
J 0 = I z = r 2 dA = x 2 + y 2 dA = x 2 dA + y 2 dA
= Iy + Ix
Moment of Inertia of an area is purely a mathematical property of the area and in
itself has no physical significance.
ky =
Iy
A
J O = I z = k O2 A = k z2 A k O = k z =
k O2 = k z2 = k x2 + k y2
Radius of Gyration, k is a measure of distribution of area from a reference axis
Radius of Gyration is different from centroidal distances
JO
A
l =b
h y
h
dA = b
h y
dy
h
I x = y 2 dA = y 2b
0
h y
bh
dy = hy 2 y 3 dy
h
h0
b y3 y 4
= h
h 3
4
0
bh3
I x=
12
dA = 2 u du
r
J O = dJ O = u (2 u du ) = 2 u 3du
0
JO =
r4
r 4 = 2I x
I diameter = I x =
r4
r =16 cm
a = 8 cm
a = 8 cm
Solution of Q. No. 1
y
4(16)/3
4 cm
r =16 cm
(1)
a = 8 cm
C1
(2)
C2
a = 8 cm
A (cm2)
1
2
%("'( )
=
*
201.06
-(8)(8) = - 64
137.06
, cm
*("')
=
+%
A, cm3
6.7906
1365.32
-256
1109.32
/ 0
""1.+
Then - = 0 = "+3.' = 8.09 cm
9 = 8.09 cm (9 = - by symmetry)
Solution of Q. No. 2
Dividing the trapezoid into a rectangle of dimensions (a h) and a triangle of base width (b-a).
y
(:;)
.
Total x = x1 + x2 = a + (b-a) -
dA =
Total
;:
x= +
;:
+
xdy =
;=:
area A = = (>
a
x2=(b-a) -
+ )
Centroid of differential element = ; =
2
/ ;:
K = K
" ;:
= K [
+
c
dy
x1 = a
h
+ ]
;:
;:
]
)
+
2
+
" ;: N O
;: N (
[( )
+ 2
+ ]
+
(> + + >)
'
"
K = K [(
=
=
(:;)
.
b
a
b-a
y
=
=[
;:
>
>
+ = [(
) + ]
NO
+
+
N(
] =
(
+
a
x2=(b-a) -
(> + )
(> + + >)
K
> + + >
6
=
=
=
3(> + )
(>
+
)
2
(:;)
.
c
dy
x1 = a
h
(>
+
) (2> + )
K
3
2
=
=
=
3(> + )
(> + )
2
b
a
b-a
Solution of Q. No. 3
40mm
30mm
75mm
= 9830 mm2
Total area A = A1+ A2 = 105800 mm2
*(
Solution of Q. No. 4
R/ =
4
1
= 14.40
9
3
=
2
= 14.40