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Inflammatory Mediators
Histamine
Cytokines
Arachidonic acid metabolites
Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins; Leukotrienes; Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids
Platelet-activating factor
Plasma proteins
Classification of Inflammatory Mediators by Function
Those with vasoactive and smooth muscleconstricting properties
Chemotactic factors such as complement fragments and cytokines
Plasma proteases that can activate complement and components of the clotting
system
Reactive molecules and cytokines liberated from leukocytes, which when released
into the extracellular environment can damage the surrounding tissue
QUESTION
Which of the following molecules will induce endothelial cell retraction?
A. Omega-3 fatty acids
B. Leukotrienes
C. Histamine
D. VCAM
ANSWER
C. Histamine - Rationale: Histamine is the primary activator of endothelial
retraction and increased permeability of the vessels.
Types of Inflammatory Exudates
Serous Exudates: Watery fluids low in protein content; Result from plasma
entering the inflammatory site
Hemorrhagic Exudates: Occur when there is severe tissue injury that causes
damage to blood vessels or when there is significant leakage of red cells from the
capillaries
Membranous or Pseudomembranous Exudates: Develop on mucous membrane
surfaces; Are composed of necrotic cells enmeshed in a fibropurulent exudate