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IS 9921-4 (1985): Alternating Current Disconnectors


(isolators) and Earthing Switches for Voltages Above 1000
V, Part 4: Type Tests and Routine Tests [ETD 8: High
Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

IS : 9921 ( Par3 4 ) - 1985

( Reaffirmed 2002 )

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION
FOR
ALTERNATING
CURRENT DISCONNECTORS
(ISOLATORS)
AND EARTHING SWITCHES
FOR VOLTAGES
ABOVE 1000 V
PART

TYPE TESTS AND ROUTINE

( Second Reprint DECEMBER

UDC

621.316.545.025

BUREAU
MANAK

Gr

v--------

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

1997 )

: 621.3.027.6

0 Copyright

TESTS

: 620.1

1985
STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

June

198.5

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION
FOR
ALTERNATING
CURRENT DISCONNECTORS
(ISOLATORS
) AND EARTHLNG SWITCHES
FOR VOLTAGES ABOVE 1000 V
PART
High

-4

TYPE

Voltage

TESTS

Switchgvar
Committee,

AND ROUTINE
and Controlgear
ETDC 58

TESTS

Sectional

Represcnling

Chairman
The Ahmedabad

SHRI H. M. PAI

Electricity

Co Ltd, Ahmadabad

Members
SHRI M. B. BA~IULRAR ( Altcrnalc

Shri H. M. lai )
Slrnr R. CWANDIIAMoUIJ

to
Tata

Hydro-Electric
Bombay

Power

Supply

Co

Ltd,

SMT C. BALIGA ( Alternate )


ENQINEXI~( E~sc ! II
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SU~<V~YOROF WORKY III ( Alkmale )
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore
DIRECTOR
JOINT DIRFICTUK, STD ( Alternate I )
SR DY DIILECTOIL( Allerrmtc II )
DIRECTOX, Sun-STATION
Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, SUB-STATION
( Allmate
)
Rural
Electrification
Corporation
Ltd,
New
SHRI G. L. Dua
Delhi
SHRI S. C. KHUI~AN:~ ( Alfernnte )
ASEA Ltd, Yasik
SERI B. V. ESWAR
SHRI S. SUBRAMANIAN ( Alternate )
-.
Directorate
General of Supplies and Disposals,
SERI K. L. GARB
New Delhi
SHRI R. V. NAI~AYANAN ( Alternate )
SHE1 T. K. GOOSE
Calcutta
Electric
Supply
Coqoration
Ltd,
Calcutta
SHRI G. CHATTEKJEE ( Alfcrnatc )

CEIEF

( Continued on page 2 )
@ Copyright 1985
~BUREAU OF INDIAN STAIIDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

1s : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985

RepeSehg

Mcm bcr s

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad


Slr~rx B. N. Girosu
Srrltr V. I<AC+I~AVAN ( Alfcrnatc)
Bombay Elrctric
Supply andTransport
UnderSIIXI Y. R. Gousn
taking, Bombay
Snirr D. SWAMINATHAN
( Alternate )
Kirloskar ASEA Limited, Bangalore
SHIU JAYANT N. GURJAI~
Maharashtra State Electricity Board, Bombay
SIII~I P. D. JAII,\QII~DAI:
NGEF Limited, Bangalore
Sriur J,<VEIW AIIMI~D
Sum K. P. SAIIATII+ ( Alternate )
Aluminium Industries Limited, Kundara
SIIILI P. M. JOSEPH
SIIILI C. M. A. Nay.4~ ( &fernnic )
National Test House, Calcutta
JOINT DII~IIWOIL
SJIRI I. C. PILADI~AN
( Altcrnate )
Crompton Greaves Ltd, Bombay
SIUI B. N. K~sironn
SXW A. N. VENU~~PAL
( Altcrnafe )
Hindustan Brown Boveri Ltd, Bombay
SHIU V. S. MAXI
Sunt S. R. POTNIS ( Alternote )
Tata Consulting Engineers, Bombay
Sn~r Y. G. MENIIN
SHI~I C. S. Kuna~n ( Alternate )
Mysorc Electrical Industries, Bangalore
SHRI B. S. NARASIMIIAN
SHHI R. SATYANARAYANA
SUAIXXA
( Alferrrale
)
Jyoti Limited, Vadodara
SRRIJ. S. NP~I
SHR~ V. 1~. Desar ( Alternate )
Siemens India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. G. NENI:
Srrnr H. !). TUN~~RE ( Alfernote )
Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, New Delhi
Sawn A. S. PIS~!o
SHI:I 0. I. ANAND ( Ahmate)
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Madras
SIIIXIT. E. B. S~\MUIXL
Snnr T. ~IIFXB.~IIARAJAN ( Ahernote )
Indian Institute of Technology,
New Delhi
RP:PI(ESEN~~A~I
IV&
Research,
Design & Standards
Organization,
R~P~ESENTA.XVE
Lucknow
_
Director General, ISI ( Ex-ojicio Member )
SHRI S. P. SACIIDEV,
Director ( Elec tech )
Secretary
SHRI K. GANESH
Deputy Director ( Elec tech ), IS1

ALTEI
(Iso:
PA

CL.1This Inc
Institution t
Voltage SW
approved by
0.2 This sta!
of alternatin
voltages abo
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 5
All the
standard ( P
replaces IS :
IS : 1818-19
0.3 While PI
Pub 129-197
switches
This stand;
are no majo
0.4 For the
standard is t
ing the res
IS : 2-19601
off value sho
*Alternatir
*Rules for

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
ALTERNATING
CURRENT DISCONNECTORS
(ISOLATORS)
AND EARTHING SWITCHERS
FOR VOLTAGES ABOVE 1000 V
PART

TYPE TESTS

0.

AND ROUTINE

TESTS

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian

Standard
( Part 4 ) was adopted by the Indian Standards
Institution
on 15 March
1985, after the draft finalized
by the High
Voltage
Switchgear
and Controlgear
Sectional
Committee
had been
approved by the Electrotechnical
Drvision Council.
0.2 This standard ( Part 4 ) is one of the series of standards on the subject
of alternating
current disconnectors
(isolators
) and earthing switches for
voltages above 1 000 V.
The other parts are:
Part 1 General and Definitions
Part 2
Part

Part 5

Rating
Design

and Construction

Information

to be given with tenders,

enquiries

and orders

This
All the parts shall be read in conjunction
with one another.
standard ( Part 4 ) which deals with type tests and routine
tests partly
replaces IS : 1818-1972*.
All the parts in the series will together replace
IS : 1818-1972*
completely.
0.3 While preparing this standard assistance has been derived from IEC
Pub 129-1975 Alternating
current disconnectors
( isolators ) and earthing
switches published
by the International
Electrotechnical
Commission.
This standard ( Part 4 ) conforms appreciably
to this XEC Pub and there
are no major deviations.
0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular
requirement
of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded
-off in accordance
with
IS : 2-1960t.
The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
*Alternating current isolators ( disconnectors ) and rarthing &tch( 5.
tRules for rounding off numerical values ( rcoised ).
3

IS z. 9921~( -Part 4 ) - 1985


1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard

( Part 4 ) covers the type tests and routine tests on


alternating
current
disconnectors
and earthing
switches
designed
for
indoor and outdoor use for voltages above 1 000 V, for a service frequency
of 50 Hz.
Nom standard.

For

detailed

scope

of this series of standards,

see 1 of Part 1 of this

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For the purposes of this standarc& the definitions


of this standard shall apply.
3, TYPE

given

in 4 of Part 1

TESTS

3.0.1 The type tests set out below

are for the purposes of proving the


earthing
switches,
their
operating

characteristics
of disconnectors
for
devices and their auxiliary equipment.
type tests comprise:

A) .NormaI tybe tests

a)

B)

Tests
tests
ment

prove
rating

to verify the insulation


level, including
withstand
at power-frequency
voltages
on auxiliary
equip( 3.1 ).

b)

Tests to prove that the temperature


not exceed the limits ( 3.2 ).

cl

Tests to prove
the capability
of the disconnector
or
earthing switch to carry the rated peak withstand current
and the rated short-timeswithstand
current ( 3.3 ).

Tests to prove the short-circuit-making]


switches ( 3.4 ).

e)

Tests
to
endurance

prove
satisfactory
( 3.5 ).

Tyje tests on stecial

rise of any part

capacity

operation

and

of earthing
mechanical

request of the user

a) Tests to prove satisfactory


(3.6 ).

operation

under ice conditions

b) Tests to prove satisfactory


operation
at minimum
maximum ambient air temperatures
( 3.7 ).
c) Measurement

does

of radio interference
4

level ( 3.8 ).

and

Type t#
the r
but w

The rz
containing
t
3.1

3.0 General

The

3.0.2 All
switches ( fi
specified pr
ment.
Shy

Dielect

3.1.1 Am
to 1,s : 2071
The v_
multiplying
$=
k&h, A
correction
gives the m
factor shall 1
For di
in free air is
For di
insulation, t
0.95 and 1 *(
be omitted L
been establi!
range,
deta
the manufac
For dif
conditions
i
applied.
3.1.2
earthing

Wer
swi

*Methods (
(Jirst retision)
tcirctiit-b1
1OOOVac (fir

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


3.0.2 All tests shall be made on complete disconnectors or earthing
switches ( filled with the specified types and quantities of liquid or gas at
specified pressure ), on their operating devices and their auxiliary equipment.
Single-pole tests are, however, permitted in certain cases.
Type tests carried out on one type of disconnector may be used to
prove the performance of another type of different current or voltage
rating but with similar components.
The results of all type tests shall be recorded in type test reports
containing the data necessary to prove compliance with this specification.
3.1 Dielectric Tests
3.1.1 Ambient Air Conditions During Tests - Reference should be made
to 1,s : 2071 ( Part 1 )-1974* regarding standard reference atmosphere.
The voltage to be applied during a withstand test is determined by
multiplying the specified withstand voltage by the correction
factor
;kc= kd/kh, kd being the air density correction factor and kh the humidity
Appendix J of IS : 2516 ( Part 4/Set 2 )-1980t
correction
factor.
gives the method for calculation of kd and kb.
No humidity correction
factor shall be applied for wet tests and for artificial pollution tests.
For disconnectors and earthing switches where external insulation
in free air is of principal concern, correction factor II shall be applied.
For disconnectors and earthing switches having external and internal
insulation, the correction factor X shall be applied if its value is between
0.95 and 1.05.
However, the application of the correction fator X may
be omitted where the satisfactory performance of external insulation has
been ~established. In the case when the correction factor is outside this ;
range, details of dielectric tests shall be subject to agreement between
the manufacturer and the user.
For disconnectors
conditions are of no
applied.

having internal insulation only, the ambient air


importance and correction factor X shall not be

3.1.2 Wet Test Procedure - The outdoor insulation of disconnectors and


earthing switches shall be subjected to wet withstand tests under the test
*Methods of high voltage testing: Part 1 General definitions and test requirements
(first revision ) .
tcircuit-breakers:
Part 4 Type tests and routine tests, Set 2 For voltage above
1000 V ac (first rsoisi0n ).

IS : 9921( Part 4 ) - 1985


procedure given in IS : 2071
tion of wet withstand tests.

( Part 2 )-1974*

which

also gives the dura-

NOTE 1 - If the prescribed water resistivity cannot be obtained, a lower value


may be used, provided that the disconnector or the earthing switch passes the test.
If the disconThe actual value of water resistivity shall be stated in the test report.
nector or the earthing switch fails, tests should be repeated with the prescribed
water resistivity.
NOTE 2 - The method of wetting
switches is under consideration.

extremely

large

disconnectors

and earthing

3.1.3 Condition of Disconnectors or Earthing Switches During Tests - Dielectric tests shall be made on disconnectors
or earthing switches completely
assembled, ready for service, the outside surfaces of insulating parts, shall
be carefully cleaned.
The disconnectors
or earthing switches shall be mounted for test with
minimum clearances
as specified
by the manufacturer.
Moreover,
the
height above ground level shall be approximately
as intended for service
and stated by the manufacturer.
Equipment
to be satisfactory

tested at one height above ground level will be deemed


if mounted at a greater height in service.

Yhen the distance between the poles of a disconnector


or earthing
iwitch is not inherently fixed by the design, the distance between the poles
~for the test shall .be the minimum
value stated by t,he manufacturer.
However, to obviate the necessity of erecting large three-pole disconnectors
or ~earthing switches for test purposes alone, the artificial pollution and the
radio-interference
voltage tests may be made on a single pole and, if the
minimum distance between poles is such that there ,is no risk of flashover
between poles, all other dielectric tests may be made on a single pole.
Dielectric
tests on disconnectors
or earthing switches when in the
open position shall be carried out with the minimum isolating distance for
the disconnector
compatible with the locking arrangements
specified in 8.1
of Part 3 of this standard.
When the manufacturer
states that supplementary
insulation such as
tape or barriers is required
to be used in service, such supplementary
insulation shall also be used during the tests.
If arcing
horns or rings are required
for the purpose of system
protection,
they may be removed
or their spacing
increased
for the
purposes of the test.
If they are required for stress control,
they shall
remain in position for the test.
*Methods

of high voltage testing: Part 2 Test procedures

(first r&ion

).

For c
shall be pe
NOTE
should be
safe limit

3.1.4 Aj,
a)

Di

W
show
volta
other
b) Es
II
the i
the E
TABLE1
SWITCl

(1)
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
NOTE
the outer
conditions
each pole
*When tt
suitably insu
opposite to 1
For switchin
terminal Opp

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


For disconnectors
using compressed gas for insulation, dielectric tests
shall be performed at lock-out pressure.
NATE- Caution. In the dielectric testing of vacuum interrupters, precautions
should be taken to ensure that the level of possible emitted X-radiation is within
safe limits.

3.1.4 Application

of Test

Voltagefor

Xmpulse and Power-Frequency

Tests

a) Disconnectors
With
reference
to Figure
1 of Part 2 of this standard,
which
shows a diagram of connection
of a three-pole disconnector,
the test
voltage
shall be applied
according
to Tables
1, 2 and 3, unless
otherwise specified.
b) Earthing

Switches

In the open position, the test voltage shall be applied between


the insulated terminals
and between each insulated terminal and
the base earthed.
TABLE

LIGHTNING IMPULSE VOLTAGE TESTS FOR DISCONNECTORS


HAVING A RATED VOLTAGE LOWER THAN 420 kV

SWITCHING
IMPULSE
VOLTAGE
TESTS FOR DISCONNECTORS
CLASS A HAVING A RATED VOLTAGE
OF 420 kV
(Clauses 3.1.4,
TEST CONDITION
No.

JIJISO~NNECT~R

OF

3.1.6 and 3.1.7 )


VOLTAQEAPPLIED
TO

EARTH CONNECTED
TO

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Closed

Aa

BCbcF

Closed

Bb

ACacF

Closed

cc

ABabF

Open

A*

BCabcF*

Open

B*

ACabcF*

Open

Cl*

ABabcF*

Open

a*

ABCbcF*

-Open

b*

ABCacF*

ABCabF*
c*
Open
9
of
NOTE - Test conditions No. 3,6 and 9 may be omitted if the arrangement
the outer poles is symmetrical
with respect to the centre pole and the base. Test
conditions No. 7, 8 and 9 may be omitted if the arrangement of the terminals of
each pole is symmetricx+ with respect to the base.
*When testing the insulation across the isolating distance, it may be necessary to
suitably insulate the base F and the terminals of the disconnector, except the terminal
opposite to the energized terminal
( ICC3.1.6 and 3.1.7 first alternative procedure ).
For switching impulse voltage tests following the second alternative proctdure,
the
terminal opposite to the energized terminal shall be insulated ( see3.1.7 ).

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


3.1.5
TABLE

POWER-FREQUENCY
( CZUUSE
3.1.4 )

TEST CONDITION

DISCONNECTOR

VOLTAQEAPPLIED EARTHCONNECTED
TO

No.

3.166 Ligr

TO

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Closed

Aa

BCbcF

2
3

Closed

Bb

ACacF

Closed

CC

ABabF

Open

A and a*

BCbcF

5
6

Open

B and b*

ACacF

switches sh:
tests shall
polarity,
u!
IS : 2071 (

With
cutive imp1
each test CC
shall be COI
the disrup
insulation c
discharge or

Open
C and c+
ABabF
NOTE- Test conditions No. 3 and 6 may be omitted if the arrangement of the
outer poles is symmetrical with respect to the centre pole and the base.
*See3.1.8.

With
a rated volt
The

TABLE 3 SWITCHING IMPULSE VOLTAGE TESTS FOR DISCONNECTORS


OF CLASS B AND LIGHTNING IMPULSE VOLTAGE TESTS FOR
DISCONNECTORS
HAVING A RATED VOLTAGE OF 420 kV

impulses

DISCOI+NECTOR

VOLTAGEAPPLIEDTO
c-----_*-_--_~

CONDITION

No.

Impulse

Power
Frequency

EARTH
CONNECTED
TO

(1)
1

(2)
Closed

(3)
Aa

(4)

(5)
BCbcF

2
3

Closed

Bb

ACacF

Closed

cc

ABabF

Open

BCbcF

Open

ACacF

Open

ABabF

Open

Open

A
B

ACacF

Open

ABabF

BCbcF

NOTE- Test conditions No. 3, 6 and 9 may be omitted if the arrangement of


the outer poles is symmetrical with respect to the centre pole and the base.
Test conditions NO. 7, 8 and 9 may be omitted if the arrangement of the terminals
of each pole is symmerrical with respect to the base.

at

knr :;::I
or between
test conditi
and on nor

( Clauses 3.1.4 and 3.1.6 )


TEST

Tee:

the tests prs


this standar
of the disco

VOLTAGE TESTS

The s
turn of 15
isolating di
The termi
applied ant
tive discha
passed this.
discharges
insulation 1
tive discha
With
rated volta
tive impul
<*Method:
& st rcoision

IS t 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


3.1.5 Test Voltages - The rated withstand voltage VW to be used for
the tests prescribed in 3.1.6 to 3.1.8 shall be in accordance
with Part 2 of
this standard.
In the following sub-clauses, U, indicates the rated voltage
of the disconnector
or of the earthing switch.
3.1.6 Lightning
Impulse
Voltage
Tests - Disconnectors
and earthing
switches shall be subjected $0 lightning
impulse voltage dry tests.
The
tests shall be performed
with voltages
of both positive and negative
polarity,
using the standard
lightning
impulse
l-2/50,
according
to
IS : 2071 ( Part 1 )-1974*.
With the disconnector
closed, or the earthing switch open, 15 consecutive impulses at the rated withstand voltage to earth shall be applied for
each test condition ( see 3.1.4 ).
The disconnector,
or the earthing switch,
shall be considered to have passed the test successfully if the number of
the disruptive
discharges
to earth or between
poles on self-restoring
insulation does not exceed two for each test condition, and if no disruptive
discharge on non-se!f-restoring
insulation occurs.
With the disconnector
open. and in the case of disconnectors
having
a rated voltage lower than 420 kV, two test series shall be performed.
The first test series consists of the application
of 15 consecutive
impulses at the rated withstand voltage to earth for each test condition
( sre Table 1 ).
The disconnector
shall be considered to have passed this
first test series successfully if the number of disruptive discharges to earth
or between poles on self-restoring insulation does not exceed two for each
test condition, and if no disruptive discharge across the isolating distance
land on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs.
The second test series consists of the application to each terminal in
turn of 15 consecutive
impulses at the rated withstand voltage across
The opposite terminal shall be earthed.
isolating distance ( see Table 1 ).
The terminals
of the other poles, the terminal
to which the voltage is
applied and the base shall be insulated in such a way as to prevent disruptive discharges
to earth.
The disconnector
shall be considered
to have
passed this. second test series successfully if the number of the disruptive
discharges across the isolating distance or between poles on self-restoring
insulation does not exceed two, for each test condition,
and if no disruptive discharge on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs.
With the disconnector
open and in the case of disconnectors
having
rated voltage 420 kV, for each test condition
( see Table 3 ), 15 consecutive impulses
at thd rated withstand
voltage
shall be applied to one
*Methods
of high
&st rmision ).

voltages

testing:

Part 1 General

definitions

and rcquiremmts

IS : 992L( Part 4 ) - 1985


terminal,

with

the

opposite

terminal

energized

at the power-frequency

impulse shall be
voltage O-7 x U,/&
( rms value )- Each lightning
synchronized
so that it is applied approximately
in accordance
to the
peak value of the opposite polarity of the power frequency.
For the sake
of convenience,
the rounded-off test values are reported in Table 4.

TABLE 1

To achr
to, but not

ROUNDED-OFF TEST VALUES LIGHTNING IMPULSE


VOLTAGE TESTS
( Clause 3.1.6 )

RATED

The vo
value connt

WITHSTAN? VOLTAQE ACROSS THE ISOLATING


DISTANCE APPLIED TO
C------__----h-----------7
Opposite Terminal, Power Frequency
One Terminal,
Lightning
Impulse

VOI,TAQE

Un
kV ( rms )

kV rp:ak

077&

(2)

(1)

1300
1425

420

NOTE 2
nectar open
the power-l
performed:

07 x Un filv:
kV ( peak )

y?J;Y
(3)

(4)

170

240

The disconnector
shall be considered to have passed the test successfully if the number of the disruptive discharges across the isolating distance
to earth or between poles on self-restoring insulation does not exceed two
for each test condition, and if no disruptive discharge on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs.
When the insulation of the disconnector,
or the earthing switch, is of
a self-restoring
type, and mope accuracy on the statistical behaviour of the
test object is needed, as an alternative
to the above test procedure ( 15
impulses ) a 50 percent disruptive discharge voltage test may be performed,
subject to agreement between the manufacturer
and the user. The test procedure shall be according to IS : 2071 (Part 2)-1974*.
In case of testing open
disconnectors
having
a rated voltage 420 kV, the value of the power
frequency voltage applied to one terminal shall remain constant.
From
follows:

the

test
u,

taking for the standard


________

results,

the

p60% ( 1 deviation

withstand

voltage

1.3~ ) GZ 0.96
the value u =

IO

as

VssYO

0.03

*Metho Is ofhigh voltage testing: Part 2 Test procedures


tInsll!.z!ion co-ordination ( seco,fd revision ).

shall be derived

( see : 2165-1977t

(first revision ).

NOTE 1
impulse or
between thq
When testir
the power-i
actual test
impulse, is

).

a) The
each
volts
term
nal t
prev
dere
disru
rest0
disru
b) The
15 (
term
dere
disrL
does
dista
This tes
NOTE 3
insulation t

such a co-01
and spark
voltages of
NOTE 4
for these c.
discharge ol
cation
of
recommend

1s : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


NOTE 1 -To
take into account the problem of the influence of the lightning
impulse on the power-frequency
voltage wave, caused by capacitive
coupling
between the two voltage circuils, the following test requirement
should be fulfilled.
When testing open disconnectors having rated voltage 420 kV, the voltage drop on
the power-frequency
wave, applied to one terminal,
should be limited so that the
actual test voltage to ground, measured in correspondence
to the peak value of the
impulse, is not less than the specified value 07 x Un x v/T /j/K
To achieve such a condition, the owet-frequency
to, but not more than, Un x 2/.2- /J- 3.

voltage

could be increased up

The voltage drop can be greatly reduced by using a capacitor of a convenient


value conntcted in parallel to the terminal of the power-frequency
side.
the tests with the disconNOTE 2 - Subject to agreement of the manufacturer,
nector open, having a rated voltage of 420 kV can be performed avoiding the use of
the power-frequency
voltage
source.
In this case, two test series
should be
performed:

The first test series consists of the application


of 15 consecutive
impulses to
each terminal in turn at a voltage equal to the sum of the rated withstand
voltage:Uw and thevalue
O-7 X Un x v/2 /l/5( peak value ). The opposite
terminal should be earthed and the other terminals,
the base and the termi-.
nal to whr& the voltage is to be applied, insulated in such a way as to
prevent
disruptive
discharges to earth.
The disconnector
should be considered to have passed this first test series successfully
if the number of the
disruptive
discharges across the isolating distance or between poles on selfrestoring
insulation does not exceed 2 for each test condition,
and if no
disruptive discharge on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs; and

b)

The second test series consists of the application


to each terminal in turn of
15 consecutive
impulses at the rated withstand voltage Uw. The other
terminals
and the base shall be earthed.
The disconnector should be considered to have passed this second test series successfully
if the number of
disruptive
discharges to earth or between poles on self-restoring
insulation
does not exceed 2 and if no disruptive
discharge
across the
isolating
distance and on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs.

This test is more severe than the test~specified

in 3.1.7.

above tests are not intended to ensure the co-ordination


of the
NOTE 3 -The
To achieve
insulation to earth with respect to the insulation across the open gap.
such a co-ordination
the use of suitable protective devices, such as surge diverters
and spark gaps, should be-considered,
particularly
for installations
having rated
voltages of 123 kV and above.
_
materials retain a charge after an impulse test and,
NOTE 4 - Some insulating
care should be taken when reversing the polarity.
To allow the
for these case
discharge of msu
sting materials, the use of appropriate
methods, such as the appliA
cation
of impulses of the reverse polarity
at lower voltage before the tests, is
recommended.

IS : 9921

( Part

4 ) - 1985

3.1.7 Switching Impulse Voltage Tests - For rated voltage of 420 kV,
disconnectors
shall have two classes, Class A and Class B, which depend on
the service conditions
foreseen for the disconnector
and result in different
switching impulse voltage
test procedures
applied.
The tests shall be
performed
using the standard impulse 250/2 500 according
to IS : 2071
( Part 2 )-1974* and the following reqtiirements.

Dry tests shall be performed using voltages of positive and negative


polarities for indoor equipment, and using voltages of positive polarity for
outdoor equipment only.
Wet tests shall be performed using voltages
polarities for outdoor equipment only.

of positive

and

negative

If during a wet test more than two disruptive discharges on _seJfrestoring insulation occur, the test shall be repeated in the same test conditions and the disconnector
or the earthing switch shall be considered
to
have passed the test successfully if during the repeated. test the number of
not exceed 2 and if no disruptive
discharges
does
the disruptive
disoharge on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs.
With tde disconnector
closed or the earthing switch open, 15 consecutive impulses at the rated withstand voltage to earth shall be applied fon
eich test condition ( see 3.1.4 ).
The disconnector
or the earthjnK< switch
,!#a11 be considered to have passed the test successfully if the number of the
disruptive discharges to earth or between poles on self-restoring
insulation
does not exceed 2 for each test condition
and if no disruptive discharge
on non-self-restoring
insulation occurs.
With
depending

the disconnector
open, two
upon whether the disconnector

test series shall be performed


is Class A or Class B:

a) The first test series which is applicable to both classes of equipment consists of the application of 15 consecutive itipulses at the
rated
withstand
voltage
to earth
for each
test condition
( see Table
1 ).
The disconnector
shall be considered to have
passed this first test series successfully
if the number of the
disruptive
discharges
across the isolating
distance,
to earth or
between
poles of self-restoring
insulation does not exceed 2 for
each test condition,
and if no disruptive discharge on non-selfrestoring insulation occurs.
b) The second test series depends upon whether the equipment
Class A or Class B and the test procedures are as follows:
+Methbds

of high

voltage

testing:

Part

2 Teat procedures

12

(Jirst reuision ).

is

TAB1

RATED Vo

(1)
kV ( rn

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985

1) Class

For this class, the second test series consist? of the application
of 15 consecutive
impulses at the rated withstand
voltage across the isolating distance ( see Table 2 of Part 2 of
Since,
this standard ) for each test condition ( see Table 1 ).
in this case, the applied voltage may be higher than the-rated
withstand
voltage to earth, it is permitted
to insulate
the
terminal to which the voltage is applied, the terminals of the
other poles and the base in order to prevent
disruptive
discharge to earth.

2)

Class B
For this class, the second test series consists of the application
of 15 consecutive
impulses at the rated withstand
voltage across the isolating distance ( see Table 3 of Part 2 of
this standard ) to each terminal. in turn with the opposite
terminal energized at the power frequency
voltage U,/z/Z?( rms ), and with the other terminals and the base connected
to earth
( see -Table
3 ). Each switching impulse shall be
synchronized
so that it is applied approximately
in correspondence to the peak value of the opposite polarity of the powerfrequency voltage.
The disconnector
of either class shall be considered
to
have passed this second test series successfullyif, for each test
condition,
the number of the disruptive discharges-across
the
isolating distance or between poles on self-restoring
insulation
does not exceed
2 and if no disruptive discharge on nonself-restoring
insulation occurs.
For the sake of convenience,
are indicated in Table 5.

f
TABLE

ROUNDED-OFF

the

TEST VALUES,
VOLTAGE
TESTS

rounded-off

SWITCAING

IMPULSE

( Clauses 3.1.7 and 3.1.8)


RATEDVOLTAOE

WITHSTANDVOLTAGEACROSS
THE ISOLAT~NU DISTANCE
APPLIED TO
-_-h
----,
---Opposite Terminal, Power Frequency
One Terminal,
-Switching
_*------~
Impulse
run%K

(1)
kV(rms)
420

I
L

test values

Un x 2/?/_ldS

(2)
kV ( peak )

(3)
kV (arms )

(4)
kV ( peak)

900

245

345

13

IS t 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


To take into account the problem of the influence of the
switching
impulse on the power-frequency
voltage
wave,
caused by capacitive coupling between the two voltage circuits,
the following test requirements
shall be fulfilled.
The voltage drop on the power-frequency
wave applied
to one terminal shall be limited so that the actual test voltage
to earth, measure in correspondence
to the peak value of the
impulse,
could

is not less than the specified

value

U,

x t/y/v/3.

To achieve such a condition, the power-frequency


voltage
be increased
up to, but not more than,
1.2 x U, x

v/F/&
The voltage drop can be greatly reduced by using a
capacitor of a convenient
value connected
in parallel to the
terminal of the power-frequency
side.

3.1.8 Power
shall be subjec
accordance
wi

When the insulation of the disconnector or of the earthing switch is of a self-restoring


type, and more accuracy on
the statistical behaviour
of the test object is needed, as an
alternative to the above test procedure ( 15 impulses ), a 50%
disruptive discharge voltage test may be performed for both
closed and open conditions
subject to agreement
between
The test procedur
@hall be
the manufacturer
and the user.
according to IS : 2071 (Part 2)-1974*.
In some-cases, nowever,
it may be impossible
to satisfactorily
determine
the 50%
disruptive discharge voltage across the isolating distance if the
number of the discharges to earth is high.
From
the test
derived as follows:

LJ, =
taking

results,

withstand

voltage

1*3a ) zz 0.92

deviation

the value u =

shall be

vs@&
0.06.

withstand
voltage determined
above shall
the appropriate
rated switching
impulse

For Class B equipment,


when testing the
nector
under the 50% disruptive
discharge
accordance
with the second test series, the value
frequency
voltage
applied
to one terminal
constant.
*Methods

( see _

Vgj% ( 1 -

for the standard

The statistical
be not less than
withstand voltage.

the

a) For c
lowei
tions
tests

of high voltage testing: Part 2 Test procedures


14

open disconprocedure
in
of the powershall remain

(Jirst reuision ).

of the
the di
tanec
Volta;
acres
Part :
to th
withs
N
discon
this cz
opposi
termi
as to
than 1
to ha\
occurs
*Methods

of h

IS : 9921( Part 4 ) - 1985


NOTE 1 - The above tests are not intended to ensure the COordination of the insulation to earth with respect to the insulation
across the open gap.
To achieve such a co-ordination,
the use of
suitable
protective
device, such as surge diverters and spark gaps,
should be considered.
NOTE 2 - For Class B equipment,
subject to agreement
with/
by/between the manufacturer,
the second test series with the disconnector open may be performed
avoiding the use of the powerfrequency voltage source.
In this case, the second test series consists
of the application of 15 consecutive impulses to each terminal in turn
at a voltage equal to the sum of the rated values of columns (2) and
(4) of Table 5. The opposite
terminal
shall be earthed.
The
other
terminals,
the terminal
to which the voltage is applied
and the base shall be insulated in such a way as to prevent disruptive
discharges to earth.
This test is deemed to be more severe than the
It is .emphasized that this test is
standard test prescribed
earlier.
not mandatory but is an alternative
method available to the manufacturer
and it is not intended
to introduce
a third
class of
disconnectors.

3.1.8 Power-Frequency Voltage Tests - Disconnectors and earthing


shall be subjected to 1 minute power-frequency
voltage withstand
accordance
with IS : 2071 ( Part 2 )-1974*.

switches
tests in

a) For disconnectors
and earthing
switches having a rated voltage
lower than 420 kV, the tests shall be performed
in dry conditions, and for outdoor disconnectors
and earthing switches, the
tests shall be performed in wet conditions.
The
test voltage shall be raised, for each test condition
( see 3.1.4 ), to the rated withstand voltage, as specified in Part 2
of the standard
and shall be maintained
for 1 minute.
With
the disconnector
open, the test voltage shall be applied simultaneously to the two terminals of each pole, using two different
voltage
sources in out-of-phase
conditions,
in order to obtain
across the open gap the rated withstand voltage as specified in
Part 2 of this standard.
Neither of the two voltage values applied
to the two terminals shall be higher than two-thuds ~of the rated
withstand voltage to earth.
NOTE - Subject to agreement
of the manufacturer,
the tests with the
disconnector
open may be performed using one single voltage source.
In
this case, the test voltage should be applied to each terminal
in turn, the
opposite terminal being earthed and the other terminals,
the base and the
terminal to which the voltage is to be applied being insulated in such a way
as to prevent disruptive
discharges
to earth.
This test is more severe
than the standard test prescribed in 3.1.8 (a).

The disconnector
or the earthing
to have passed the test successfully
occurs during the tests.

switch shall be considered


if no disruptive discharge

*Methods of high voltage testing: Part 2 Test procedures


15

(Jirsr revision).

IS a 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


However,
if during a wet test a disruptive discharge
on
external,self-restoring
insulation occurs, this test shall be repeated
and the disconnector
shall be
under the same test conditions,
considered to have passed this test successfully
if no further
disruptive discharge occurs.

Tests are
be withstood at
U, being the ra
These tes
and shall be per
the user. Tests
closed position
provide inform:

b) For discomlectors
and earthing
switches having
a rated voltage
of 420 kV, the tests shall be performed in dry conditions only.
With the disconnector
closed or the earthing
switch open,
the test voltage shall be raised, for each test condition
( see
3.1.4 ), to the vaIue prescribed for the routine tests as reported
The disconin Table 6 and shall be maintained
for l-minute.
nector or the earth switch shall be considered
to have passed the
test successfully if no disruptive discharge occurs.

Since the
earthing switch,
reference to ser
artificial polluti
the testing met1
the user.

With
the
disconnector
open,
for each
test
condition
( see 3.1.4
and Table
2 ), the test voltage
shall be applied
simultaneously
to the two terminals
of each pole, using two
different voltage sources in out-of-phase
conditions,.
in order to
obtain a voltage

equal to 2.5 U,/d/P

Values of the total voltage


reported in Table 5.

across the isolating

across

the isolating

3.1.10 Pa&
to be perform1
However, in the
nents for which
ments ( such as
by the manuf;
partial discharg

dktance.

distance

are

3.1.11
rest.5
circuits of disc
1 minute power

Neithrr of the two voltage values applied to the two terminals


for 1
shall be higher than CT,. The voltage shall be maintained
minute and the disconnector
shall be considered
to have passed
the test successfully if no disruptive discharge occurs.
TABLE

VALUES

OF TEST

VOLTAGES

FOR ROUTINE

TESTS

( Clause 3.1.8 )
RATED VOLTAGE
Un

(1)
kV(rms)
420

WITESTAND VOLTAQE
-_-__-_-_--__h_------~~--~
With the disconnector
With the disconnector
open ( total voltage
closed or the earthing
terminal to terminal )
switch open
(2)
kV (rms)
520

(3)
kV (rms)
610

3.1.9 Artijicid Pollution Tests - Artificial pollution tests are intended to


provide information
on the behaviour of external insulation under conditions representative
of pollution in service, although they do not necessarily
simulate any particular service condition.
16

a) betwet
a whc
switch;
b) if prac
circuit>
parts, a
The test
circuits of the di!
to have passed tt
each test.
Normally,
auxiliary and co
circuits.
If sucl
the appropriate
*Bushings for al

IS : 9921 ( Part

4 ) - 1985

Tests are performed to prove that a test voltage equal to u,/,/Fwill


be withstood at the specified degree ofpollution in three out of four tests,
Ua being the rated voltage of the disconnector or of the earthing switch.
These tests apply only to outdoor disconnectors or earthing switches
and shall be performed by special agreement between the manufacturer and
the user. Tests shall be performed on one~single pole, for disconnectors in
closed position only and for earthing switches in open position only to
provide information on the behaviour of insulation to earth.
Since the more appropriate testing method for disconnectors or
earthing switches and the maximum degree of pollution acceptable with
reference to service conditions are still under consideration, in cases where
artificial pollution tests are agreed, the specified degree of pollution and
the testing method, subject to agreement between the manufacturer and
the user.
3.1.10 Partial Discharge Tests - No partial discharge tests are required
to be performed on the complete disconnector or earthing switch.
However, in the case of disconnectors or earthing switches using components for which a relevant IS exists, including partial discharge measurements ( such as bushings, see IS : 2099-1973* ), evidence shall be produced
by the manufacturer showing that those components have passed the
partial discharge tests as foreseen by the relevant Indian Standard.
3.1.11 Tests on Auxiliary and Control Circuits - Auxiliary
circuits cf disconnectors and earthing switches shall be
1 minute power-frequency voltage withstand tests :

and control
subjected to

a) between the auxiliary and control circuits connected together as


a whole and the base of the disconnector or of the earthing
switch; and
between each part of the auxiliary and control
b) if practicable,
circuits, which in normal use may be insulated from the other
parts, and the other parts connected together and to the base.
The test voltage shall be 2 000 V.
The auxiliary and control
circuits of the disconnector or of the earthing switch shall be considered
to have passed the test successfully if no disruptive discharge occurs during
each test.

Normally, the test voltage of motors and other devices used in the
; auxiliary and control circuits shall be the same as the test voltage of those
If such apparatus have already been tested in accordance with
the appropriate specification, they may Abedisconnected for these tests.
*Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 volts (first revision).
17

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


NOTE - Where electronic auxiliary or control circuits are used, different testing
procedures and values may be adopted subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the user.

3.2 Temperature-Rise

Tests

3.2.1 Temperature-Rise
Tests of the Main Circuit (for disconnectors only ) The test for temperature
rise of the main circuits shall be made on a new
disconnector
with clean contact pieces.
These tests may be made on a
single pole when the rated voltage exceeds 72.5 kV.
service
nector,

The disconnector
shall be mounted approximately
as under the usual
conditions,
including all normal covers of any part of the disconand shail be protected against undue external heating or cooling.

NOTE - To avoid erecting large disconnectors for test purposes alone, the
temperature-rise
test may be carried out on a pole whose isolating distance from
earth has been appreciably reduced.

Temporary
connections
to the main circuit shall be such that no
appreciable
amount of heat is conducted
away from, or conveyed to, the
disconnector
during the test.
In case.of doubt, the temperature rise at the
terminals
of the main circuit and at the tem~porary connections
at a
distance of 1 m from the terminals shall be measured.
The difference
of
temperature
shall not exceed 5C.
nector

The test shall be made with the rated normal current of the disconand at rated frequency ( tolerance on the latter 2: percent).

The test shall be made over a period of time sufficient for the
temperature
rise to reach a constant value ( for practical purposes, this
condition is obtained when the variation does not exceed 1C per hour ).
The time for the whole test may
circuit with a higher value of current.

be shortened

by pre-heating

the

The temperature-rise
of the different parts of the disconnector
not exceed the values specified
in Table 2 of Part 2; otherwise,
disconnector
shall be considered to have failed the test.

shall
the

3.2.2 Tem/wature-Rise
Tests of the Auxiliary Equipment
made with the specified
supply ( ac or dc ) and
frequency ( tolerance 2: percent ).

- The test shall be


for ac at its rated

The auxiliary
equipment
shall be tested at a voltage
percent of the rated supply voltage or at their rated current.
18

Contir
sufficient fol
purposes, th
1C per hoc
For
operation,

ci
t

a) Wk
de1
the
em
bei
swi
b) Wlde\
the
For ell
cooling dow:
~-The te
device shall
otherwise, tf
3.2.3 Met:
the temper:
Other methc
method.
For cc
parts shall bl
means, place
For rnf
precautions :
1) The
pro
hov
aPP

equal to 110

2) Got
P*e

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


Continuously
rated circuits shall be tested over a period of time
sufficient for the temperature
rise to reach a constant value ( for practical
purposes, this condition
is obtained
when the variation
does not exceed
1C per hour ).
For
operation,

circuits energized
only during disconnector
the tests shall be made under the following

or earthing
conditions:

switch

a) When
the disconnector
or earthing
switch has an automatic
device for opening the control circuit at the end of the operation,
the circuit shall be energized ten times, the interval between the
end of one operation and the beginning of the following operation
being 10 s or, if the construction
of the disconnector
or earthing
switch does not permit this, .the lowest interval possible; and
b) When the disconnector
or earthing
switch has no automatic
device for opening the control circuit at the end of the operation,
the circuit shahbe
energized once for 30 s.
For electrical operating
devices, these tests shall
cooling down at 85 percent of the rated supply voltage.

be repeated

after

. The temperature
rise of any part of the auxiliary circuit or operating
device shall not exceed the rzalues specified in Part 2 of this standard;
otherwise, the apparatus shall be considered to have failed *the test.
3.2.3 Measuremenl of Temjerature - For coils, the method of measuring
the temperature
rise by variation
of resistance
shall generally be used.
Other methods are permitted only if it is impossible to use the resistance
method.

I
!

For conductors
other than coils, the temperature
parts shall be measured with thermometers,
thermocouples
means, placed at the hottest accessible spot.
For measurement
with thermometers
precautions shall be taken:

or thermocouples,

of the different
or other suitable
the following

1) Thermocouples
or the bulbs of thermometers
shall be suitably
The protected area shall,
protected agazst cooling from outside.
however,
be negligible
compared
with the cooling area of the
apparatus under test.
2) Good heat conductivity
between the thermometer
or thermocouple and the surface of the part under test shall be ensured.

19

Is : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


When
bulb theimamcters
are used in places where there is any
varying or moving magnetic field, alcohol thermometers
should be used in
preference to mercury thermometers,
as the latter are less reliable under
these conditions.
shall be
3.2.4 Ambient Air Temperature - The ambient air temperature
measured during the last quarter of the test period by means of an adequate
number of thermometers
equally distributed
around the disconnector
at
about the average height of its current-carrying
parts andat
a distance of
The thermometers
about 1 m from the disconnector
or earthing switch.
In order to
shall be protected
against air current and heat radiation.
obtain mean values of ambient temperature
in spite of rapid changes in
temperature,
the thermometers
can be put into small oil-filled cans with
oil contents of about half a litre.
During
the last quarter of the test period, the change of ambient
If this is not possible because
temperature
shall not exceed 1C per hour.
of unfavourable
temperature
conditions of the test room, the temperature
of an identical apparatus under the same ambient
conditions,
but without
current, scan 1): taken as a substitute for the ambient air temperature.
This additional disconnector
or earthing
switch shall not be subjected to
undue heat radiation.
3.2.5 Me~szrrrment ?f the Resi.ytcxce of the Main Circuit (-for disconnectors
only ) - This measuremrnt
shall be made for comparison
between
the
rise and all other disconnectors
disconnector
type tested for temperature
of the same type sulljected to routine tests.
The measurement
shall be made with dc by measuring
drop or resistance across the terminals of each pole.
The current during the test shall have any convenient
100 A and the rated normal current.
The measurement
of the dc voltage
made before the temperature-rise
test.

drop

the voltage
value between

or the resistance

shall

be

The measured value of the dc voltage drop or the resistance shall be


given in the type-test report. as well as the general conditions
during the
test ( current, ambient air temperature,
etc ).
3.3 Short-Time
Tests
3.3.1

Withstand

Current

and Peak Withstand

Current

Test Arrangements

3.3.1.1
Gcnetal - Disconnectors
and earthing
switches
shall
be
subject to a test to prove their ability to carry the rated peak withstand
The test shall be
current
and the rated short-time
withstand current.
made with the disconnector
or earthing switch in the closed position at a
suitable voltage and starting at any convenient temperature.

nectar

Each
or e

The
support 01
mechanism
The t
shall be a
comparable
For tc
with a disc
favourable
disconnectt
The t
be made w
electromaji]
current HOI
device betw
The t
single-phase
frame,

On a
the I

In the
adjacent po
on a single
The rc
two-column
the base ii
return cond
minimum r(
shall be at 1
connection

When
single-phase
conductor
1
condition
i
ported for a
For a
contact zoni
condition.

ISr9921(Part 4)-1985
Each test shall be preceded
nectar or earthing switch.
R
I

by a no-load operation

of the discon-

The disconnector or earthing switch shall be mounted on its own


support or an equivalent support and installed with its own operating
mechanism as far as necessary to make the test representative.
The test connections to and from the disconnector or earthing switch
shall be arranged in such a way that the result of the tests shall be
comparable and valid for installation in service.
For tests on a disconnector or on an earthing switch not associated
with a disconnector, the arrangement shall be representative of the least
favourable conditions of electromagnetic
forces tending to open the
disconnector or earthing switch for which it is intended in service.
The tests on an earthing switch associated with a disconnector shall
be made with test connections adopted for the disconnector test. The
electromagnetic
forces shall tend to open the earthing switch, provided
current flow resulting in this effect is not prevented by an interlocking
device between earthing switch and disconnector.
The test may be made single-phase or three-phase.
single-phase tests, the following shall apply:

In the case of

On a three-pole disconnector or earthing switch, having common


frame, the tests shall be made on two adjacent poles.
In the case of separate poles, the tests shall be made either on two
adjacent poles assembled with the minimum recommended pole centres, or
on a single pole with a return conductor.

The return conductor shall be parallel to the blade in the case of a


two-column or three-column disconnector and at the same elevation above
the base if its plane is parallel to the blade.
The centre line of the
return conductor shall _Pe spaced from the centre line of the blade at
The length of the return conductof
minimum recommended pole centres.
shallbe at least equal to the distance between the input terminal of the
connection to the supply and the output terminal of the disconnector,
When as earthing switch is not associated with a disconnector, the
single-phase test shall be made with the test connection and the return
conductor parallel to each other and representative
of the earth fault
The test connection shall be unsupcondition in normal installation.
ported for a distance at least equal to the gap ofthe open earthing switch.
For a divided support disconnector, the position of the contact in the
contact zone should be chosen so as to represent the most unfavourable
condition.
21

IS I 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


NOTE - No other forces need
electrodynamic
forces.

be applied

if they

are small

compared

with

the

3.3.1.2 Disconnectors and earthing switches with rated voltages up to and


in&ding 36 k V - A three-pole
disconnector
or earthing
switch should
preferably be tested three-phase.

Whe
~the peak 2
a single te!
ted:

The test arrangement


given in Fig. 1, may be used as an example for
disconnectors
and c,arthing switches having a rated peak withstand current
not exceeding 100 kA.
The distance x between the input terminals of the
disconnector and the niarest
support of the test connections
is equal to
The distance u and v are
three times the distance J between pole centres.
as small as possible but not smaller than?.

Fig. 4 may, in principle, also be used as an example for single-phase


Other configurations
of return conductors
resulting -in equivalent
forces on the disconnector may be used.

b)

tests.

~3.3.1.3 Disconnectors
and earthing switches with rated voltages exceeding
36kV - The single-phase
test arrangements
given in Fig. 2 and 3 may
be used as examples for disconnectors
for connection
by flexible conductors.
Disconnectors
with a horizontal
isolating distance intended to be used in
installations with rigid conductors may be tested in the same arrangement
as given in Fig. 2 but with rigid conductors and x1 is equal to 1.2 y, xs
Disconnectors
with a vertical isolating distance to
remaining u&hanged
be used in instal!ations
with rigid conductors
may be tested in the test
arrangement
given in Fig. 4.
3.3~2 Test Current and Duration - The ac component of the test current
shall, in principle, be equal to ac component of the rated short-time withThe peak current
stand current of the disconnector
or earthing switch.
( for a three-phase
circuit, the highest value in one of the outer phases )
shall be not less than the rated peak withstand current and shall not
exceed it by more than 5 percent without the consent of the manufacturer.
For disconnectors
or earthing
switches,
the test current shall in
principle be applied for a time tt equal to the rated duration t of shortcircuit;
its rms value It shall be determined
from an oscillogram,
as
The value
indicated in Appendix
H of IS : 2516 ( Part 4/Set ? )-1980*.
of Its tt on test shall be not less than the rated value Pt and shall not
exceed this value by more than 10 percent without the consent of the
manufacturer.
*Specification
voltage

above

for circuit-breakers:
1 000 V ac ( /ir~l reuision

Part 4 Type

).
22

tests

and routine

tests,

Set

2 For

No
test ma
applied
larger 1
shall be

FOI
the aver:
the aver:
Tk:
f

lope
Nc

3.3.3
tion oftier
peak w
disconn
test, tht
tion ant
or eaY
minim1
to chec

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


When,
however, the characteristics
of the test plant are such that
the peak and rms values of current, specified above, cannot be obtained in
a single test of the specified duration, the following deviations
are permitted:
a)

If the decrement
of the short-circuit
current of the test plant is
such that the specified rms value, measured in accordance with
Appendix
H of IS : 2516 ( Part 4/Set 2 )-1980*
cannot be
obtained
for the rated duration
without applying
initially
an
excessively high current,
the rms value of the current may be
permitted to fall below the specified value during the test and the
duration of the test increased
appropriately,
provided that the
value of the peak current is not less than that specified and the
duration is not more than 5 s.

b)

If in order to obtain the required peak current,


the rms value of
the current is increased
above the specified value, the duration
of the test may be reduced accordingly.

NOTE - The peak withstand current test and the short-time withstand current
test may be separated.
In this case, the time during which the short-circuit is
applied for the peak withstand current test shall be such that the value It2 It is not
larger than the.equivalent
value for the short-time withstand current test, but it
shall be not less than 50 percent of the rated duration.

For three-phase
tests, the current in any phase shall not vary from
the average of the currents in the three phases by more than 10 percent of
the average.
f

The tests shall be made at the rated


10 percent.
NOTE -

In case of rapid auto-reclosing,

frequency

with a tolerance

of

special stresses may occur.

3.3.3 Behaviour of Disconnector or Earthing Switch During the Test and Condito carry the rated
tion after Tests - During the test to prove the capability
and the rated short-time
withstand
current,
a
peak withstand
current
disconnector
or earthing
switch shall not show undue stress.
After the
test, the disconnector
or earthing switch shall not show material deterioration and shall be capable of operating normally.
Visual inspection and no-load operation
of the tested disconncetor
or earthing
switch after test at the minimum
pressure and/or at the
minimum supply voltage of the operating mechanism are usually sufficient
to check these requirements.
A light welding

of the earthing

switch is permitted.
23

.
IS t 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985

SHORT

-CIRCUIl

OPTIONAL.
13 OR

BE
BETWE

Disconnectors
conncctrd
by f
terminal
loads unless otherwise
sta

y = minimum
c<ntre-to-cent1
the manufacturer.
NOTE 1 - Tension,
sag, num
under consideration
and, therefere
and the user.

NOTE2 - Care
conditions

x = 3y
NOTE- Care should be taken that forces not representative
are not introduced by the connections to the supply.

of service

conditions

Fro. 1 EXAMPLEOF A THREE-PHASE TEST ARRANGEMENTFOR


DISCONNECTORS
UP TOAND INCLUQ~NG52 kV AND RATED PEAK
WITHSTAND CURRENTSNb3 EXCEEDING100 kA

should
are not introduced

be
by

NOTE 3 - In principle,
Fig.
with the apprppriate
arrangemen

may

xs =

NOTE 4 - Disconnectors
int
be tested in the same arrang

0*5y.

FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF A SIN


DISCONNECTORSWITH A Ho
RATED VOLT

IS:992l(Part4)-1985

SHORT-CIRCUIT
OPTIONAL
E

OR

CONNECTION
BETWEEN

BETWEEN

AND

AND

f
X,

Disconnectors
connected
by flexible
terminai
loads unless otherwise
stated:

conductors

with

nrgligiblc

longitudinal

2Y
x2 = 05Y
x1 =

y = minimum
CI ntre-to-centre
the manufacturer.

distance

between

NOTE
1 - Tension,
sag, number
of spacers,
etc,
under consideration
and, therefere,
subject to agreement
and the user.
NOTE

conditions

Care
should
are not introduced

2 -

adjacent

poles,

as stated

of flexible conductors
are
between the manufacturer

be taken
that
forces
not representative
by the connections
to the supply.

NOTE 3 - In principle,
Fig. 2 is also applicable
with the apprppriate
arrangement
of earth conductor.
NOTE 4 - Disconnectors
intended
may be tested in the same arrangement
xs = 05 y.

by

for testing

cart&&

of service

switches

to be used in plants with rigid conductors


but with rigid Conductors and x1 = 1.2 y;

FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE-PHASE


TEST ARRANGEMENT
FOR
DISCONNECTORS
WITH A HORIZONTAL.ISOLATINGDISTAKCE WITII
RATED VOLTAGES EXCEEDING52 kV

25

P.
0

SHORT-CIRCUIT
TION
CHOICE

OR

INPUT

CONNEC-

TERMINALS,

}_

z..

2y

OR

0.51

OPTIONAL

)
1 = 30 f 10% (
y E minimum
centre-to-centre
the manufacturer.
DISCONNECTOR
LOAD
z-ccst arrangcmcnt

WITH

SMALL

between
RATED

adjacent

poles,

MECHANICAL

as stated

by

TERMINAL

(a)

Single or bundled
ted on the disconnector

flexible conductors
anchored
at points
without
longitudinal
terminal
load.

Aitcrnativc test arrangement


Rigid

distance

conductor

suppor-

1b)

supported

DISCONNECTOR
LOAD

I and II and

on the disconnector

WITH

HEAVY

flexible

conductors

RATED

and at point

I.

MECHANICAL

TERMINAL

at pantograph

disconnection-

Test arrangamcnf (b)


Single or bundled
and at point I.

XT___,

anchored

-I-__:,.. Cl ...,mhPFnf snncer.q.etc. of flexible conductors

are undre

I=
y -

30 f 10% (
1
minimum centre-to-centre
the manufacturer.

DISCONNECTOR
LOAD

WITH

distance
SMALL

between

RATED

adjacent

poles,

as stated

MECHANICAL

by

TERMINAL

Tesst airangcmcnt (a)


Single or bundled flexible conductors anchored at points
ted on the disconnector without longitudinal terminal load.
Aitcrnatiuc test arrangement
Rigid

I and II and suppor-

i b)

conductor

supported

DISCONNECTOR
LOAD

WITH

on the disconnector
HEAVY

and at point I.

RATED

MECHANICAL

TERMINAL

Test orrangemcnf (b)


Single or bundled
and at point I.

NOTE1 -

consideration
the user.

flexible

conductors

anchored

at pantograph

disconnection-

Tensioxi,siig,numberof spacers,etc,of flexible conductors are undre

and, therefore,

subject to agreement

between

the manufacturer

NOTE2 -

conditions

Care should be taken that forces not representative


are not introduced by the connections to the supply.

NOTE 3 -

In principle, Fig.

switches with the appropriate

3 is
arrangement

also applicable
for testing
of earth conductor.

and

of service
,earthing

Fra. 3 EXAMPLEOF A SINGLE-PHASETEST ARRANGEMENTFOR DISCONNECTORSWITH A VERTICAL ISOLATINGDLSTANCEWITH RATED VOLTAGES


EXCEEDING52 kV

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


In the
may be consi
switch can bl
may later in1
If, afte
withstand cu
doubt as to I
temperatureThe temper2
Part 2 of thi
3.4 Tests
Earthing

1
S

3.4.1 Eal
shall be sul:
( Part 4 )-I
3.5

Opera1

3.5.1 Ger
be made at
The s
terminals w
the operatic
to the impe
voltage sou

Inl

l-J

SHORT-CIRCUIT
CONNECTION
TERMINALS,

n;

OR INPUT
CHOICE

OPTIONAL.-<

l=29f
y =

lo%(m)

mnumum centre-to-centre
the manufacturer.

distance between adjacent poles, as stated by

3.5.2 CO
satisfactory
position of
zone actor

With
placed in
standard )
mounting 1
a) al
b) a
c) a
b

NOTE lThe complete definition of the test arrangement is under consideration and therefore, for the present it should be subject to agreement between the
manufacturer and the user.
NOTE 2 - Lower limit for the distance 5 of parallel conductors:
times minimum distance between poles as indicated by the manufacturer.

5 = 05

FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE-PHASE TF,ST ARRANGEMENT FOR DISCONNECTORSWITH A VERTICAL ISOLATING DISTANC:EWITH RATED VOLTAGES
EXCEEDING 52 kV TO BE USED WITH RIGID CONDUCTORS
28

a
1:

*Specific
Type tests a

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


In the case of a dependent
manual operating
mechanism,
the test
may be considered satisfactorily completed,
if the disconnector
or earthing
switch can be operated manually, and if it does not sustain damage which
may later interfere with its mechanical
or electrical performance.
If, after the test to prove the capability
of carrying the rated peak
withstand current or the rated short-time
withstand
current,
there is any
doubt as to the current carrying
capability
of the main circuit, a further
temperature-rise
test shall be made before the disconnector is reconditioned.
The temperature
rise in this test shall not exceed the values specified in
Part 2 of this standard.
3.4 Tests
Earthing

to Prove
Switches

the

Short-Circuit-Making

Performance

of

3.4.1 Earthing switches which have a rated short-circuit-making


current
shall be subjected
to a making
test series in accordance
with IS : 9920
( Part 4 )-1985*.
3.5

Operating

and Mechanical

Endurance

Tests

3.5.1 General Test Conditiom - Unless otherwise specified,


be made at the ambient temperature
of the test room.

the tests shall

The supply voltage of the operating devices shall be measured at the


Auxiliary equipment
forming part of
terminals with full current flowing.
the operating device shall be included.
However, no intentional
addition
to the impedance
( for example, for regulation of the voltage) between the
voltage source and the terminals of the devices is permitted.
3.5.2 Contact zone
Test - This test shall be made in order to prove
satisfactory
operation
of divided frame
disconnectors
in the various
within the limits of the rated contact
position of the fixed contact
zone according to Fig. 1 of Part 2 of this standard.
With the apparatus in the open position, the fixed contact shall be
placed in the following
positions
( see Fig.
1 and 2 of Part 2 of this
standard ), h being the normal height of the fixed contact above the
mounting plane:
a) at a height

of A on the vertical

b)

of h-s on the same axis;

at a height

c) at a height equal
by + L/2; and

to h and

d) at a height
by - L/2.

to h and

*Specification
for
Type tests and routine

equal
alternating
tests.

current

axis of the assembly;

displaced
displaced
switches

29

from

the axis

from

the axis horizontally

for voltages

above

horizontally

1 000 V:

Part

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


With the device in the open position, the fixed contact shall be placed
in the following
positions
(see Fig. 2 of Part 2 ), U being the actual
amplitude of movement of the fixed contacts:
a) at a distance

equal to +

U/2, and

b)

equal to -

U/2.

at a distance

In each position,

After t
and shall no
standard ).
3.5.4
Veri
Terminal LO
rated
mech.
standard,
aI
wind forces,

the device shall close and open correctly.

3.5.3 Mechanical Endurance Teest - The mechanical


endurance
test shall
consist of 1 000 operating cycles without voltage on, without current in the
main circuit and without the mechanical
terminal load applied.

After t

The test shall be made on ~disconnectors


equipped with their own operating
devices.

b) for
ml
ml
th

On a disconnector
mechanism:

or earthing

switch

and

earthing

having

50 closr-open operating
cycles at the specified
voltage and/or minimum pressure of compressed

switches

power-operated

a) 900 close-open
operating cycles shall be made at rated
voltage and/or rated pressure of compressed gas supply;
b)

supply

minimum
supply
gas supply; and

C) 50 close-open operating
cycles at the specified maximum
supply
voltage and/or maximum pressure of compressed gas supply.
These operations shall be made at a rate such that the temperatures
of the energized electrical components do not exceed the values given in
Part 2 of this standard.
During the tests, lubrication
in accordance
with
the manufacturers
instructions
is permitted,
but no mechanical
adjustment is allowed.
For manually
operated
disconnectors
and earthing
switches,
the
handle may, for convenience
of testing, be replaced by an external poweroperated
device.
In this case, it is not necessary to vary the supply
voltage.
The closed and open positions
ting cycle.

shall

be attained

during

each opera-

In the case of a dependent manual operating


mechanism,
the values
of the operating torques measured after the test shall not be increased
by
more than 20 percent from the torque values noted befc.re the ,test.
During the test, satisfactory
operation
of the control and auxiliary
contacts and position-indicating
devices ( if any ) shall be verified.
30

a) for
mc

Exan ,
given in Fig
NOTE
only be tes

3.6

Opera

3.6.1 INI
operation
a deposit
operation

C
c

Natu
categories:
a) Cl
W
b)

P
e:

3.6.2 A,
if the rnz
switches fi
Ap
compare 1
be made
namely, 1

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


After the test, all parts, including contacts, shall bein good condition
and shall not show undue wear ( see also Note 2 of Table 4 ofPart 2 of this
standard ).

3.5.4
Verification- of Operation
During Application
of Rated
Mechanical
operating
cycles shall be made with the
Terminal Loads - Twenty-five
rated mechanical
terminal
loads, according
to 3.11 of Part 2 of this
standard,
applied in four directions
in turn spaced at 90, including the
wind forces, where assigned, acting on the equipment.
After these tests, the following

verifications

are made,

that:

a) for electrically operated equipment,


the power consumed by ~the
motor during an operating cycle is not materially increased; and
b)

for manually
operated
equipment,
the value
of the forces
measured during a switching cycle does not differ from the value
measured
under the same conditions
before the tests by more
than 20 percent.

Examples of the application


of rated mechanical
given in Fig. 4 and 5 of Part 2 of this standard.
NOTE .- Unless otherwise
specified,
the
only be tested in direction
Fal for disconnectors

3.6 Operation

Under

rated mechanical
with horizontal

terminal
terminal
isolriting

loads

are

load shall
distance.

Severe Ice Conditions

3.6.1 Introduction - Formation


of ice may produce ~difficulties in the
operation of electric power systems.
Under certain atmospheric conditions,
a deposit of ice may build up to a thickness which sometimes makes the
operation of outdoor switching equipment
difficult.
Nature
Categories:

produces

ice coatings

which may be divided into two general

a)

Clear ice generally resulting from rain falling


what below the freezing point of water; and

b)

R ime ice, characterized


example from atmospheric

through

.air some-

by a white appearance,
formed
for
moisture condensing on cold surfaces.

3.6.2 Applicability - The tests defined in this clause are to be made only
if the manufacturer
claims suitability
of disconnectors
and earthing
switches for operation under severe conditions of ice formation.
A procedure
is described for producing
clear ice coatings
which
compare with those encountered
in nature so that reproducible
tests can
A choice
is provided
between
two classes of ice thickness,
be made.
namely, 10 mm and 20 mm.
31

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


3.6.3 Test Arrangement
3.6.3.1 All parts of the disconnector or earthing switch to be tested
shall be assembled,
together with their operating
mrchanism,
in a room
which can be cooled to a temperature
of about -- lOC, or outdoors if it
is desired to perform the tests in conditions of natural frost.

NOTE per square n


rate of apprc

3.6.4

Test

3.6.4.1

is

required thic
procedure fol

Operating
members may be shorfened in the assembly to suit the test
facilities
available,
provided the angle of rotation of the parts affected
remains unchanged.

a) Wit
the
co1
air

The
energizing
of heating
permitted during the test.

elements

of the control

mechanism

NATE - In choosing the refrigeration


capacity required, the heat content of the
water with which the apparatus under test is sprayed has to be taken into account.

3.6.3.2 Single poles of three-pole


apparatus may be tested if each
pole has a separate
,operating
mechanism.
In the case of three-pole
apparatus
having an operating
mechanism
common to the three poles,
the complete three-pole device shall be tested, except that tests of a single
pole operated by the common mechanism may become necessary for apparatus with rated voltage exceeding
72.5 kV as the nlajority
of testing
laboratories
cannot accommodate
complete standard three-pole
apparatus
of these voltages.
However, it is recommended
that mounting structures
or spacings should be modified ~where this is possible, in order to enable
three-pole tests to be made.
~3.6.3.3 The disconnector
operation
from both the open
otherwise specified by the user.

b)

ten
obt
c) Ho
co1

me
wa
en
d) Di
ra
en
as:

or earthing
slvitch shall be tcstcd
for
position
and the closed position,
unless

3.6.3.4
Any excess oil or grease shall be removed from all outside
surfaces as thin films of oil or grease prevent ice from adhering and greatly
change the results of tests.
3.6.3.5
To facilitate measurement
of ice thickness, a copper bar or
tube 30 mm in diameter
and 1 m in length shall be rnounted
in a
horizontal position in a place where it will receive the same general rainIf the specific thermal capacities per unit
fall as the apparatus under test.
surface area of test bar and apparatus under test differ considerably,
even
identical
spraying conditions
may produce
very different
ice coatings.
These
differences
in thickness
may be minimized
by short periods of
spraying alternating with longer periods of cooling.
3.6.3.6
The arrangement
shall allow the entire apparatus
to be
sprayed with artificial rain fallin, u from above at various angles from the
The water used in the spray should be cooled to a tempevertical to 45.
rature between 0C and 3C and should reach the test object in the liquid
state.

32

Fol
-

nectar

Follol
inch

3.6.4,
switch is m
completed
sustain dar
performam
If thl
hydraulica
completed
supplied a
( which m
Afte:
normal an
change
ir
resistance

IS t 9921 ( Par@ 4 ) - H85


NOTE - As a guide, it has been observed that between 20 1 and 80 1 per hour
per square metre of area sprayed will be required to cause, ice to be deposited at a
rate of approximately 6 mm per hour.

3.6.4 Test Procedure


3.6.4.1 Formation of ice deposit 2 A coating of ,solid clear ice of the
A typical test
required thickness, 10 mm or 20 mm, shall be produced.
procedure for the formation of ice is:

a)

With the test disconnector in the open or closed position, lower


the air temperature to 2C and start the rain of pre-cooled water.
Continue this spray for a minimum of 1 hour while holding the
air temperature in the range of 0.5 to 3C.

b)

Following the step (a), lower the room temperature


- 7 to - 3C while continuing the water spray.
temperature change is not critical and may be
obtainable with available refrigeration apparatus.

to the range
The rate of
whatever is

Cl Hold

the room temperature in the range of - 7 to - 3C and


continue .to spray until the specified thickness of ice can be
measured on the top surface of the test bar. The amount of
water should be controlled to cause ice to build up over the
entire disconnector at the rate of approximately 6 mm per hour.

nectar

Discontinue the spray and maintain the room temperature in the


range of - 7 to - 3C for a period of at least 4 h. This
ensures that all parts of the disconnector and the ice coating have
assumed a constant temperature.

Following this ageing period, the satisfactory operation of the discon;including its auxiliary equipment shall be checked.

or earthing
3.6.4.2 Checking
of operation - If the disconnector
switch is manually operated, the test may be considered as satisfactorll)y
completed if the apparatus can be operated manually, and if it does not
sustain damage ( which may later interfere with its mechanical or electrical
performance ).
If the disconnetor or earthing switch is electrically, pneumatically or
hydraulically operated,
the test may be considered
as satisfactorily
completed if the apparatus can be operated fully by the operating device
supplied at its rated voltage or pressure, and if it does not sustain damage
( which may later interfere with its mechanical or electrical performance ).
After completion of the test and with the temperature restored to
normal ambient, it shall be demonstrated that there has been no significant
change in contact condition, for example, by measurement of contact
resistance.
33

Is : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


3.7 Operation

at the Temperature

3.8.1

Limits

a) In
b;

3.7.0 These
tests apply only to outdoor
disconnector
and earthing
switches and shall be performed on special request of the llser.
The tests shall
supply pressure.

be carried

out with

the rated

values

of voltage

and

Single poles of three-pole apparatus may be tested if each pole has a


separate operating mechanism.
In the case ofthree-pole
apparatus having
an operating mechanism
common to the three poles, the complete threepole device shall be tested, except that tests of a single pole operated by
the common mechanism may become necessary for apparatus with rated
voltage exceeding 72.5 kV as the majority
of testing laboratories
cannot
accommodate
complete standard
three-pole
apparatus of these voltages.
However, it is recommended
that mounting
structures of spacings should
be modified, where this is possible, in order to enable three-pole tests to be
made.
3.7.1 Operation at Minimum Ambient Air Temperature - The disconnector
earthing switch in theclosed
position, together with,its operating devices
and auxiliary equipment,
shall be placed in a test chamber.
The temperature shall be lowered to and maintained
at the minimum ambient temperature appropriate
to the class of the apparatus
(see Part 2 of the
standard ) for a period long enough to reach temperature
balance.
The
apparatus shall then complete 10 operating cycles satisfactorily.
or

The energizing
of heating
permitted during the test.

elements

of tire control

mechanism

Tl

is

3.7.2 Operatiop at Maximum Ambient Air Temperature - The disconnector


or earthing, switch in the closed position,
together with its operating
devices and auxiliary equipment,
shall be placed in a test chamber.
The
temperature
shall be raised to and maintained
at the maximum
ambient
temperature
of 40C. ( see Part 1 of the standard ) for a period long
enough to reach temperature
balance.
The apparatus shall then complete
10 operating cycles satisfactorily.

b)

Ir
te
rt

The
to earth.
earthed or
measuring
3.8.2 I
and at ap]
is made.
prior to th
their ends
ference vol
The
1980 *] sl
Interferer
MHz , se
Radio In1
tuned to 2
the range
recorded.
3.8.3 :
publicatic
30 Q; in
radio int
the meas
for test F
basis ma

3.8.0 These tests apply only to disconnectors


or earthing switches having
a rated voltage of 123 ~kV and above, and shall be subjected to special agreement between the manufacturer
and the user.

Th
between
as seen f,
circulatir
high vo:
suitable
at the m

Tests
may be performed
on one pole in both closed and open
positions for disconnectors,
and in the open position for earthing switches.

*Circu
1000 v a

3.8

Tests

for Measuring

Radio

Interference

34

Level

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


3.8.1 The test voltage
a) In the closed
base;

shall be applied

position,

between

as follows:
the

terminals

and the

b) In

the open
position,
between
one terminal
and
Connections
terminals connected to the earthed base.
reversed if the disconnector
is not symmetrical.

The
to earth.
earthed or
measuring

earthed

and

the other
are to be

case, base and other normally earthed parts shall be connected


Care should be taken to avoid influencing the measurement
by
unearthed objects near to the test object and to the test and
circuit.

3.8.2 The disconnector


or the earthing switch shall be dry and clean
and at approximately
the same temperature
as the room in which the test
It should not be subjected to other dielectric
tests within 2 h
is made.
prior to the present test.
The test connections
shall be so arranged
that
their ends or cross-sectional
dimensions
are not a source of radio interference voltage.
The
measuring
circuit [ see Fig. 2 of IS : 2516 ( Part 4/Set 2)1980 *] shall comply with Publication
1, Sepecification
for CISPR
Radio
Interference
Measuring
Apparatus for the Frequency
Range 0.15 to 30
Special Committee
on
MHz , second edition ( 19i2 ), of the International
Radio Interference
( CISPR ). The measuring circuit shall preferably be
tuned to a frequency within 10 percent of 0.5 MHz but other frequencies in
the range 0.5 to 2 MHz may be used, the measuring frequency
being
The results shall be expressed in microvolts.
recorded.
3.8.3 If measuring impedances different from those specified in CISPR
publications
are used, they shall be not more than 600 Q nor less than
30 a; in any case the phase angle shall not exceed 20.
The e
valent
radio interference
voltage referred to 300 Q can be calculated assuming
the measured voltage to be directly proportional
to the resistance,
except
for test pieces of large capacitance
for which a correction
made on this
basis may be inaccurate.
The filter shall have a high impedance
so that the impedance
between the high-voltage
conductor and earth is not appreciably
shunted
as seen from the disconnector
or earthing switch.
This filter also reduces
circulating radio frequency currents
in the test circuit, generated
by the
high voltage
transformer
or picked
up fro-m extraneous
sources.
A
suitable value for its impedance has been found to be 10 000 to 20 000 Q
at the -measuring frequency.
*Circuit breakers: Part 4 Type tests and routine tests, Section 2 For voltages above

1000 V ac.

35

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985

It should be ensured by suitable means that the radio. interference


background level ( radio interference level caused by external field and by
the high voltage transformer when magnetized at the full test voltage ) is
as low as possible. and in any case at least 6 dB and preferably
10, dB below the specified radio interference level of the disconnector, or
of the earthing switch to be tested.
Calibration methods for the measuring instrument and the measuring circuit shall be in accordance with
those specified in the CISPR publications.
3.8.4 As the radio interference leval may be affected by fibres or dust
settling on the insulators, it is permitted to wipe the insulators with a clean
cloth before taking a measurement.
The atmospheric conditions during
the test shall be recorded.
It is, not known what correction factors apply
to radio interference testing but it is known that tests may be sensitive to
high-relative humidity and the resultsof tests may be open to doubt if the
relative humidity exceeds 80 percent.
3.8.5

The following test procedure shall be followed:

A voltage l-1 U,/l/~shall


be applied to the disconnector or earthing switch and maintained for at least 5 minutes.
U, being the rated
The voltage shall
voltage of the disconnector or of the earthing switch.
then be decreased by steps down to 0.3 LJ&%,
raised again by steps to
,the initial value and finally decreased by steps to 0.3 U,/J/3.
At each
step, a radio interference
measurement shall be taken and the radio
interference level, as recorded during the last run, shall be plotted versus
the applied voltage; the curve so obtained is the radio interference
characteristic
of the disconnector
or of the earthing switch.. The
amplitude of voltage steps shall be approximately 0.1 U,/d3.
3.8.6 The
have passed
l-1 lJ,/. 4 z
exceed 2 500

disconnector or the earthing switch shall be considered to


the test successfully if the radio interference
level at
as read from the radio interference characteristic,
does not
pV.

3.9 Test Reports


The test report ( see 3.0 ) shall contain the following osclllographic
- *
or other records ;elating to thk tests given in 3.3 and 3.4: a) Current in each phase;
b) Voltage across each pole of an earthing
capacity;

switch having a making

c) Instant of energizing, the closing coil, where applicable; and


d) Travel OFmoving contacts.
36

~~11 dl
also be inch
test and of I
test report.
4. ROUTI!
4.0 Genera
4.0.1 Thf
samples to C
which the t

a) PO
b) Vc
c) M
d) M
Test
upon betwc
NOTE
manufactu
or earthin
between tb

4.1 Power

Circui

4.1.1 Tl
and to 3.1.
poles in ne

Whe
assembled
insulation
In such e
manufactu
4.1.2 W
( Part 4/S(
pole disco:
value spec
*Method
(f;fst revision
tSpecific
voltages abo

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


Full details of the applied test methods and test arrangements
shall
The result of observation
during the
also be included in the test report.
test and of the inspection after the test shall -also be clearly stated In the
test report.
4. ROUTINE

TESTS

4.0 General
4.0.1 The following tests shall be carried out on an agreed number
samples to ensure that the production is in accordance with the samples
which the type test has been carried out:
a) Power-frequency
b)

Voltage

voltage

tests on control

c) Measurement
d) Mechanical

dry tests of the main circuit;


and auxiliary

of the resistance
operating

of
on

circuits;

of the main circuit;

and

tests.

Test reports of these tests are normally


not
upon between the manufacturer
and the user.

necessary

unless

agreed

NO&--Where disconnectors aid earthing switches are not assembled at :he


manufacturers
works to enable routine tests to be made on complete disconnectors
or earthing switches, tests on part assemblies should be subject to agreement
between the m;knufacturer the and user.

4.1 Power-Frequency
Circuit

Voltage

Dry Withstand

Tests

on the Main

4.1.1 The test shall be made according


to IS : 2071 ( Part 1 )-1974
and to 3.1.1 on complete disconnectors
or earthing switches, or on separate
poles in new, clean and dry conditions.
When
disconnectors
or earthing
switches
are
not completely
assembled before shipment, separate tests shall be made on all the major
insulation components,
such as bushings,
insulators
and operating rods.
In such event, test voltages shall be subject to agreement
between
the
manufacturer
and the user.
4.1.2 When testing disconnectors,
with reference to Fig. 1 of IS : 2516
( Part 4/Set 2 )-1980t,
which shows a diagram
of connections
of a threepole disconnector
also, the test voltage shall be raised to the withstand
value specified and maintained
for 1 minute, according to Table 7.
*Methods of high voltage testing: Part 1 General
(first r&ion ) .
?Specification for circuit breakers: Part 4 Type

voltages above 1000 V ac (Jirst r&ion )_

37

definitions and test requirement


tests and routine tests, Set 2 For

IS ; 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


The
TABLE

METHOD

( Cfuuse 4.12

TESTCONDITION
No.

where

)
EARTH
CONNECTED TO

VOLTAGE
APPLIED TO

DISCONNECTOR
POSITION

IT

VOLTAGEDRY

FOR POWER-FREQUENCY
TESTS ( MAIN CIRCUIT
)

R
i]

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

If

Closed

AaCc

BbP

4.4 Mecha

_ 2*

Closed

Bb

AaCcF

Open

ABC

abcF

4.4.1 01
earthing sw
the specifieo

Open

abc

ABCF

*If the insulation between poles is air at atmospheric pressure, test conditions NO. 1
and 2 may be combined, the test voltage being applied between all the parts of the
main circuit connected together and the base.

.
When testing earthing switches, the test voltages shall be raised to
the withstand value specified and maintained
for 1 minute.
The voltage
shall be applied between
the insulated
terminals
and between all the
insulated
terminals
connected
together and the base earthed,
with the
earthing switch open.

4.4.2 Du
current in,
disconnect0
operating d
that operat
switches.
The

a) at
- g;

S\

The disconnector
or earthing
switch shall be considered
passed the test successfully,
if, during the test, no disruptive
occurs.

to have
discharge

For disconnectors
or earthing
switches have a rated voltage
than 420 kV, the test voltage shall be that specified in the relevent
of Part 2 of this standard under Rated I minute power-frequency
stand voltage .
For disconnectors
420 kV, the test voltage
4.2 Voltage

Tests

4.2.1 These
tests
prescribed in 3.1.11.
4.3

Measurement

or earthing
switches
shall be 520 kV.

on Control
shall

be

having

and Auxiliary
performed

of the Resistance

under

a rated

lower
tables
with-

voltage

of

of the Main

same

conditions

as

Circuit

4.3.1 The resistance of each pole of the main circuit of disconnectors


shall be measured under conditrons as nearly as possible similar to those
under which corresponding
type test was made.
38

ai
0

c)

al
C

Duri
shall be fal
each opera
A&e
have been

Circuits
the

b)

IS : 9921 ( Part 4 ) - 1985


The

measured

resistance

shall not exceed


1.2 R,

where

R, is qua 11to the resistance


type test.

4.4

Mechanical

Operating

measured

during

the corresponding

Tests

4.4.1 Operating
tests are made to ensure that the disconnectors
or
earthing switches comply with the prescribed
operating
conditions within
the specified voltage and supply pressure limits of their operating devices.
4.4.2 During these tests, which are performed
without voltage on, or
current in, the main circuit,
it shall be verified, in particular,
that the
disconnectors
or earthing
switches open and close correctly
&en
their
It shall also be verified
operating devices are energized or under pressure.
that operation will not cause anj damage to the disconnectors
or earthing
switches.
The

test shall be carried

out:

a) at rated supply voltage and/or rated pressure


of compressed
- gas supply and tor hand-operated
disconnectors
or earthing
switches: 50 operating cycles;
b)

at specified maximum
supply voltage and/or maximum
of compressed gas supply: 10 operating cycles; and

c) at specified
compressed

minimum supply voltage


gas supply: 10 operating

and/or minimum
cycles.

pressure
pressure

of

During these tests, no adjustment


shall be made and the operation
Thetlosed
and open positions shall be attained during
shall be ~faultless.
each operating
cycle.
After these tests, no parts of the disconnector
have been damaged.

or earthing

switch shall

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