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Client/Server network
A type of network setup that utilizes both servers and clients. For example, a
network that utilizes a DNS server is an example of a client/server network.
Most client/server networks are the type of networks you would find in a
corporate or business environment.
Server
A computer connected to a network that other computers may or may not
access. Unlike other computers on a network, a server is a dedicated computer
set up for one or more purposes. For example, a user may setup a server to
authenticate and allow or prohibit users from accessing a network, and/or may
be setup to manage print jobs, and/or host a website.
Because servers commonly serve a high need, they are up all day and night;
and when they fail, they commonly cause the network users or company a
great deal of problems. Some server failures can cause a company and its
employees to come to a complete halt in their work until they return. Because
of this, servers are commonly high-end computers and are setup to be fault
tolerant.
Client
1. A computer that retrieves information from and/or uses resources
provided by a server or main computer. Many corporate networks are
comprised of a client computer at each of the employees' desks. Each of
these computers connects to a central server or mainframe allowing the
employees to work.
2. A client can also be another term used to describe a businesses user.
3. A client is also another name for a software program used to connect to
a server.
Workstation
A name given to a single computer that is connected to another computer or a
network. A workstation has no important function and is not a necessity for a
network to operate. A workstation is only needed for a single user to connect to
the network and to function at their job or school. Almost all users who work
on a computer at their work or at their school are using a workstation.
9. Once the IP address and Subnet mask have been specified close
out of all windows and reboot the computer.
Microsoft Windows ME, 2000 and XP Steps:
1. Verify network cards are properly installed in Device Manager and
that you have the latest network drivers for the installed network
cards. If problems are found with the network cards, please see
document CH000445 for basic network troubleshooting.
2. Connect each computer the the network switch and/or hub.
3. Open Network properties by clicking Start / Settings Control Panel
and double-clicking "Network and Dial-up connections.
4. Double-click on the "Local Area Connection".
5. Click the "Properties" button.
6. Verify that TCP/IP and IPX/SPX are installed for your network
adapter. If one or both of these protocols are not listed for your
network adapter, please see document CH000470 for steps on
installing a protocol in Microsoft Windows.
7. Once the protocols have been installed under the Network
window verify that File and Print sharing is installed. If this is
missing and you wish to enable file and print sharing on this
computer, click the install button and install File and Print
sharing.
8. Setup the TCP/IP protocol by highlighting the Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) protocol for the network adapter and clicking the
"Properties" button.
9. Within the properties, select the option "Specify an IP address".
Enter a value similar to the below values.
IP Address: 102.55.92.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
The above IP address must differ for each computer. Therefore,
on the other computer it could be 102.55.92.2 with the same
subnet mask.
10.Once the IP address and Subnet mask have been specified, close
out of all windows and reboot the computer.
Basic network with file and broadband modem sharing
Advantages and Capabilities:
All computers in house can share the same modem connection.
Disadvantages:
- Requires additional hardware and money.
- Because a modem does not have much bandwidth, if multiple users are
browsing or downloading files, this can cause what appears to be a very slow
connection.
Estimated setup time:
30-40 minutes.
Required hardware and software:
- Computers with 10/100 Ethernet network cards installed and working.
- Network Router, Switch and/or Hub
- Computer running a software proxy.
Microsoft Windows 95 and 98 Steps:
1. Verify network cards are properly installed in Device Manager and
that you have the latest network drivers for the installed network
cards. If problems are found with the network cards, please see
document CH000445 for basic network troubleshooting.
2. Connect each computer the the network switch and/or hub.
3. Open Network properties by clicking Start / Settings Control
Panel and double-clicking "Network".
4. Verify your network card is listed as a network component. Please
note that this is not the dial-up adapter.
5. Verify that TCP/IP and IPX/SPX are installed for your network
adapter. If one or both of these protocols are not listed for your
network adapter, please see document CH000470 for steps on
installing a protocol in Microsoft Windows.
6. Once the protocols have been installed under the Network
window click the button "File and Print Sharing". Within this
window you must specify if you want to enable file and/or print
sharing on this computer. This must be done on each of the
computers.
7. Setup the TCP/IP protocol by highlighting the TCP/IP protocol for
the network adapter and clicking the "Properties" button.
8. Within the properties, select the option "Specify an IP address".
Enter a value similar to the below values.
IP Address: 102.55.92.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
The above IP address must differ for each computer. Therefore,
on the other computer it could be 102.55.92.2 with the same
subnet mask.
9. Once the IP address and Subnet mask have been specified, close
out of all windows and reboot the computer.
10.Once the network has been setup and is working, install and setup
a proxy on one of the computers on the network. This computer
Disadvantages:
- Requires additional hardware and money.
Estimated setup time:
40-50 minutes.
Required hardware and software:
- Computers with 10/100 Ethernet network cards installed and working.
- Network Router, Switch and/or Hub
- Computer running a software proxy.
Router requirements:
When purchasing a network router, look for the below features.
WAN Port
Uplink ports
Support for NAT
Hardware setup:
As illustrated in the above picture, you can notice that there are two methods
of setting up this type of network. It is recommended that "Method One" be
chosen because it offers for more computers to be connected to it. However,
not purchasing a network hub or switch can save money.
Method One:
1. Connect the broadband internet connection to the WAN
port on the router.
2. Connect a network hub or switch to the router. This can be
more than one hub or switch depending upon how many
ports are on the router.
3. Connect each of the computers to the hub or switch.
4. Enter the network settings provided by the Broadband
provider in your network router.
Method Two:
1. Connect the broadband internet connection to the WAN
port on the router.
2. Connect each computer to the router. If there are not
enough ports for each of the computers, you must setup
the network using the steps in method one.
3. Enter the network settings provided by the Broadband
provider in your network router.
Microsoft Windows 95 and 98 Steps:
1. Verify network cards are properly installed in Device Manager and
that you have the latest network drivers for the installed network
cards. If problems are found with the network cards, please see
document CH000445 for basic network troubleshooting.
2. Connect each computer the the network switch and/or hub.
3. Open Network properties by clicking Start / Settings Control
Panel and double-clicking "Network".
4. Verify your network card is listed as a network component. Please
note that this is not the dial-up adapter.
5. Verify that TCP/IP and IPX/SPX are installed for your network
adapter. If one or both of these protocols are not listed for your
network adapter, please see document CH000470 for steps on
installing a protocol in Microsoft Windows.
6. Once the protocols have been installed under the Network
window click the button "File and Print Sharing". Within this
window you must specify if you want to enable file and/or print
sharing on this computer. This must be done on each of the
computers.
7. Setup the TCP/IP protocol by highlighting the TCP/IP protocol for
the network adapter and clicking the "Properties" button.
8. Within the properties, verify that "Obtain IP address
automatically" is selected.
9. Once the network settings have been setup and all network
peripherals are on, reboot the computer.
10.To verify the router has released network values to the computer,
click Start / Run and type "winipcfg" and click ok. Additional
information and help with winipcfg can be found on our winipcfg
page. Verify when looking at the IP Configuration that you are
looking under the network adapter and not the PPP adapter.
Microsoft Windows ME, 2000 and XP Steps:
1. Verify network cards are properly installed in Device Manager and
that you have the latest network drivers for the installed network
cards. If problems are found with the network cards, please see
document CH000445 for basic network troubleshooting.
2. Connect each computer the the network switch and/or hub.
3. Open Network properties by clicking Start / Settings Control
Panel and double-clicking "Network and Dial-up connections".
4. Double-click on the "Local Area Connection".
5. Click the "Properties" button.
6. Verify that TCP/IP and IPX/SPX are installed for your network
adapter. If one or both of these protocols are not listed for your
network adapter, please see document CH000470 for steps on
installing a protocol in Microsoft Windows.
7. Once the protocols have been installed under the Network
window verify that File and Print sharing is installed. If this is
missing and you wish to enable file and print sharing on this
computer, click the install button and install File and Print
sharing.
8. Setup the TCP/IP protocol by highlighting the Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) protocol for the network adapter and clicking the
"Properties" button.
9. Within the properties, verify that "Obtain IP address
automatically" is selected.
10.Once the network settings have been setup and all network
peripherals are on, reboot the computer.
11.To verify the router has released network values to the computer,
click Start / Run and type "command" and click ok. In the MS-DOS
window type "ipconfig" and press enter. Additional information
about ipconfig can be found on our ipconfig page.
IP
Short for Internet Protocol, IP is an address of a computer or other network
device on a network using IP or TCP/IP . For Example, the number
"166.70.10.23" is an example of such an address. These addresses are similar to
addresses used on houses and help data reach its appropriate destination on a
network.
There are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D
and Class E, while only A, B and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a
range of valid IP addresses. Below is a listing of these addresses.
Class Address Range
Supports
Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127
Class A1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254
networks.
128.1.0.1 to
Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000
Class B
191.255.255.254
networks.
192.0.1.1 to
223.255.254.254
Class 224.0.0.0 to
D
239.255.255.255
240.0.0.0 to
Class E
254.255.255.254
Class C
Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for loopback tests, for example, 127.0.0.1.
Ranges 255.255.255.255 are used to broadcast to all hosts on the local
network.
All IP addresses are broken down into 4 sets of octets that break down into
binary to represent the actual IP address. The below chart is a basic example of
the basic IP 255.255.255.255.
IP:
Binary
value:
Octet
value:
255.
255.
255.
255.
166.
10100110.
128+32+4+2=166
70.
01000110.
64+4+2=70
10.
00010010.
8+2=10
23
00010111
16+4+2+1=23
166.70.10.0
166.70.10.1
166.70.10.2
166.70.10.255
FINGER
The finger command available in UNIX / Linux variants allows a user to find
sometimes personal information about a user. This information can include the
last time the user logged in, when they read their e-mail, etc... If the user
creates a .PLAN or other related file the user can also display additional
information.
HOSTNAME
The hostname command displays the host name of the Windows XP computer
currently logged into.
IPCONFIG
Ipconfig is a MS-DOS utility which can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell
to display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This
command can be utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify
your network settings.
Windows 2000 users should use this command to determine network
information.
PATHPING
Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows
XP users. This utility enables a user to find network latency and network loss.
PING
Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands. Ping allows a
user to ping another network IP address. This can help determine if the
network is able to communicate with the network.
NBTSTAT
The nbtstat MS-DOS utility that displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP
connections using NBT.
NET
The net command is available in MS-DOS / Windows and is used to set, view
and determine network settings.
NETSTAT
The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics
and information.
NSLOOKUP
The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to look up an IP address of a
domain or host on a network.
ROUTE
The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer's
route table.
TRACERT / TRACEROUTE
Tracert in MS-DOS / Windows or Traceroute in UNIX / Linux variants is another
commonly used network command to help determine network related issues or
slowdowns. Using this command you can view a listing of how a network packet
travels through the network and were it may fail or slow down. Using this
information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network
device possibly causing your network issues.
WHOIS
The whois command available in UNIX / Linux variants helps allow a user to
identify a domain name. This command provides information about a domain
name much like the WHOIS on network solutions. In some cases the domain
information will be provided from Network Solutions.
WINIPCFG
The winipcfg command available in Windows allows a user to display network
and network adapter information. Here, a user can find such information as an
IP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, etc...
NET SYNTAX
NET CONFIG
NET DIAG
NET HELP
NET INIT
NET LOGOFF
NET LOGON
NET PRINT
/RESUME
/DELETE
/YES
NET SEND
sharename=drive:path
[/USERS:number |
/UNLIMITED]
[/REMARK:"text"]
sharename
{sharename | devicename |
drive:path}
NET START
[/CACHE:Manual |
Automatic | No ]
[/USERS:number |
/UNLIMITED]
[/REMARK:"text"]
[/CACHE:Manual |
Automatic | No ]
/DELETE
NET STOP
WORKSTATION
NETBEUI
NWLINK
/YES
redirector.
Stops the default redirector.
Stops the NetBIOS interface.
Stops the IPX/SPX compatible interface.
Carries out the NET STOP command without
first prompting you to provide information or
confirm actions.
NET TIME
/SET
/YES
NET USE
NET VER
NET VIEW