ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before we turn to the dissertation report, I would like to add a few heartfelt words for
the people who have been part of this dissertation by supporting and encouraging me.
Opportunity to express my Honour, Respect, Deepest Gratitude, and Genuine regards
to my guide Dr. G.S.MANJUNATH for giving me all guidance and valuable suggestions
required for my dissertation work apart from being a constant source of inspiration and
motivation.
I convey my sincere thanks to Asst Prof. S. M. Patil for their kind support which
helped me to complete this dissertation successfully.
I express my sincere thanks to the Prof. and Head of Department of Civil
Engineering Dr. V. G. MutalikDesai and PG coordinator Dr. Vinod Hosur for their kind
co-operation and constant encouragement.
I am immensely thankful to our beloved Principal, Dr. A. S. Deshpande, whose
constant support had provided me a platform to present my idea in a creative manner.
I would like to express appreciation to all My Friends for their moral support and
warm wishes which helped me to complete this dissertation successfully.
Finally I attribute all my success in life to My Parents for their moral and intellectual
support in carrying out the PG programme in Structural engineering. It is my greatest
pleasure to dedicate this achievement to My Parents.

ABHINANDAN KORI
M-Tech IV semester
(Structural Engineering)

ABSTRACT
Major hazards from earthquake, storms, tsunami in recent decades have brought
increasing awareness among structural engineers and construction professionals.
Earthquakes etc. produce large amount of lateral forces, ordinary frame buildings are not so
good to sustain these lateral forces, and one has to improve lateral strength of building to
resist these lateral forces that comes from these causes. Shear walls in buildings are better
solution to counteract these forces.
In present work, an attempt has been made to study the effectiveness of orientation
and position of shear walls in resisting lateral forces. It has been found that any location and
orientation of shear wall is not effective. For better and economical solution, shear wall
should be at appropriate locations. In present work, the effect of different combinations of
location and orientation is studied. Three building frames with (B+G+11), (B+G+20),
(B+G+30), storey residential building have been chosen the study in earthquake zone 3 in
India. Soil conditions considered are soft, medium, and hard. Analysis is carried out using
Etabs software.
The effect of position and orientation of shear wall on lateral displacement, storey
drift, storey shear, shear force and bending moment in column and natural period are
evaluated and compared with the corresponding storey results for bare frame. The effect of
different soil conditions is also incorporates. On the basis of this work, results have been
obtained and the most effective location of the shear wall is found out, i.e. outer periphery of
building that are provided in the corner of building which resist horizontal forces.

ii

CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General

1.2 Shear Wall

1.3 Purpose of Constructing Shear Walls

1.4 Background

1.5 Structural Features

1.6 Functions of Shear Wall

1.7 Location of Shear Walls

1.8 Classification of Shear Walls

1.9 Types of Shear Walls

1.10 Advantages of Shear Walls in Building

1.11 Recommendations of IS code

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General

10

2.2 Remarks

16

3. CODAL PROCEDURE FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS

3.1 General

17

3.2 Method of analysis

3.2.1 Equivalent static method
3.2.1.1 Determination of Base Shear
3.3 Lateral Distribution of base shear

18
18
18
20

3.4 Response Spectrum Analysis

20

3.5 Modal Combination Rule

22

3.5.1The Square-Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS)

22

3.5.2 The Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)

23

3.5.3 Maximum Absolute Response

23
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4. STRUCTURAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS METHOD IN ETABS

4.1 General

24

4.2 Etabs Procedure for Modeling

24

4.2.1 Modeling building for seismic analysis

24

4.2.1.1 Type of materials used in modeling of building

24

4.2.1.2 The wall and slab sections

25

4.2.1.3 Piers and Spandrels

25

4.2.1.4 Response spectrum function

26

5. PRESENT INVESTIGATION-PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS

5.1 General

27

5.2 Numerical example considered

27

6. PRESENT INVESTIGATION PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS

6.1 Model designation with the location of shear wall

37

7. PRESENT INVESTIGATION-PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS

7.1 Loads on the structure

52

7.2 Seismic data

52

7.3 Model designation with the location of shear wall

53

8. CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY

8.1 Conclusions

76

8.2 Scope for further study

77

REFERENCES

78

iv

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure

TITLE

No
1.1

Position and orientation of RC shear walls in a masonry

building.

Page
No
2

1.2

Functions of Shear Walls

1.3

Shear walls symmetric in plan layout

1.4

Classification of Shear Wall

3.1

Indian seismic zone map as per IS :1983 (part 1)-2002

17

3.2

Response Spectra for Rock and Soil. Sites For 5% Damping

21

4.1

Piers and Spandrel Forces in ETABS

25

5.1

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different models

30

5.2

Variation of storey drift w.r.t. storey height

31

5.3

Shows storey shear at each floor level for different models

32

5.4

Bending moment in column for different models

33

5.5

shows Shear force in column for different models

34

5.6

Bending moment diagram of building

35

5.7

Model designation with the location of shear wall

29

5.8

plan view of model

27

6.1

Lateral displacement at each floor for different models.

38

6.2

Storey drifts at each floor for different models

39

6.3

Storey shear at each floor level for different models

40

6.5

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different models

44

6.6

Storey drift at each floor level for different models

44

6.7

Storey shear at each floor level for different model

45

6.9

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different models

49

6.10

Storey drift at each floor level for different models

49

6.11

Storey shear at each floor level for different models

51

6.12

Plan view of the building

36

6.13

Model designation with the location of shear wall

37

7.1

Lateral displacement at level for different soil (Model 1)

56

7.2

Lateral displacement at level for different soil (Model 2)

56

7.3

7.4

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different soil

(Model 3)
lateral displacement at each floor for different models (Model
4)

57

57

7.5

lateral displacement at each floor for different models

58

7.6

lateral displacement at each floor for different models

59

7.7

Storey drift at each floor level for different soil type

60

7.8

Storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (Model 1)

63

7.9

Storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (Model 2)

63

7.10

Storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (Model 3)

64

7.11

storey drift at each floor level for different models (Model 4)

64

7.12

storey drift at each floor level for different models

65

7.13

storey drift at each floor level for different models

67

7.14

storey shear at each floor level for different soil

67

7.15

storey shear at each floor level for different soil (Model 1)

70

7.16

storey shear at each floor level for different soil (Model 2)

70

7.17

storey shear at each floor level for different soil (Model 3)

71

7.18

storey shear at each floor level for different models (Model 4)

71

7.19

storey shear at each floor level for different models

72

7.20

storey shear at each floor level for different models

74

7.21

storey shear at each floor level for different models

74

7.22

Plan view of the building

52

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LIST OF TABLES
Table
. No
5.1

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different models.

Page
. No
30

5.2

Gives the Storey drift for different models, at each floor level.

31

5.3

Gives the storey shear at each floor level for different models

32

5.4

Gives the bending moment in column for different models

33

5.5

Gives the Shear force in column for different models

34

6.1

Gives the lateral displacement for different models at each storey

level

38

6.2

Storey drift at each floor level for different models

39

6.3

Storey shear at each floor for different models

40

6.4

Natural Period for 10 Storey building For First mode

41

6.5

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different model

42

6.6

Storey drift at each floor for different models

43

6.7

Storey shear at each floor level for different models

45

6.8

Natural Period for 20 Storey building For First mode

46

6.9

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different models

47

6.10

Storey drift at each floor level for different models

48

6.11

Storey shear at each floor level for different models

50

6.12

Natural Period for 30 Storey building For First mode

51

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different soil type

(model 1)
Lateral displacement at each floor level for different soil type
(model 2)

54

7.1
7.2

TITLE

54
vii

7.3

Lateral displacement at each floor level for different soil type

(model 3)
Lateral displacement at each floor level for different soil type

55

(model 4)

55

7.5

gives variation of lateral displacement w.r.t. storey height for hard

soil

58

7.6

lateral displacement at each floor level for different models

59

7.7

lateral displacement at each floor level for different models

60

7.8

storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (model 1)

61

7.9

storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (model 2)

61

7.10

storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (model 3)

62

7.11

storey drift at each floor level for different soil type (model 4)

62

7.12

storey shear at each floor level for different models

65

7.13

storey shear at each floor level for different models

66

7.14

storey shear at each floor level for different models

66

7.15

storey shear at each floor level for different soil type (model 1)

68

7.16

storey shear at each floor level for different soil type (model 2)

68

7.17

storey shear at each floor level for different soil type (model 3)

69

7.18

storey shear at each floor level for different soil type (model 4)

69

7.19

storey shear at each floor level for different models

72

7.20

storey shear at each floor level for different models

73

7.21

storey shear at each floor level for different models

73

7.22

Natural Period for all soil type For First mode

75

7.4

viii