ation

PTER
7

Rational Expressions and Functions

lPTER
number.
ER
6 Expressions and Functions
7 Rational

REVIEW EXERCISES
The area of a circle varies directly as the square of the radius.
EXAMPLES

then y varies directly as x n.

Algebra Test Study Guide

a = kr 2
Here, k = p.
6.1
Factor
out
the
greatest
common
factor.
EXAMPLES
n
Pressure
varies
inversely
as
volume.
then y varies inversely as x .
iation
1. 12p 2 - 6p
2. 21x 2 +k 35x
aliation
number.
3.n 12q2b + 8qb 2 - 20q3b 2
4. 6rp3t=-V30r 2t 2 + 18rt 3
The
area
of
a
circle
varies
directly as the square of the radius.
.
then
y
varies
directly
as
x
al number.
1xz.+ 3214x - 12 For
- 1xa given
+ 3213x
+ 22 interest
+ 121z
- 42
+ 1z + rate
1212z
32
6. 21z
principal,
varies
jointly
as interest
and+time.
then y varies jointly as x5.and
a = kr
= p. of the radius.
The area of a circle varies
directlyHere,
as theksquare
, then y varies directly as x n.
I = krt
k is the given principal.
volume.
then y varies inversely as
x n. by grouping. Pressure varies inversely
2
Factor
a =askr
Here, k = p.
2 + 5y
k 5x + xy
n
4m
+
nq
+
mn
+
4q
x
7.
8.
CHAPTER
6 Review Exercises
357
Pressure varies inversely as volume.
then y varies inversely as x .
p = +
V
2
9. 2m + 6 - am - 3a
10. x + 3xk - 3y - xy
p = jointly as interest rate and time.
For a given principal, interest varies
then y varies jointly as x and z.
23. Concept Check When asked to factor x 2y 2 - 6x 2 + 5yV2 - 30, a student gave the folFactor completely. 2 2
krtinterest
is. the
given
principal.
R then y varies jointly as x 6.2
lowing
1 y -principal,
62I += 51
y 2 - k62
WHAT
WENT
WRONG?
What
is
For axgiven
varies
jointly
as interest
rate and
time.
and z. incorrect answer:
2
3pcorrect
- p -answer?
4
11.the
12. 6k 2 + 11k - 10
13. 12r 2 - 5r - 3
I = krt
k is the given principal.
2 + 37m + 30
2
2
10k 2 - 11kh
9x 2 + 4xy 4p
- 2y
14.If10m
1
24.
the area
of this rectangle is15.
represented
by 4p+2 3h
+ 3p - 1, 16.
what
3 of
2 - 15b(b) Give the domain,
is24x
the(a)
width
terms
p?
7.1
numbers
that are excluded
- Find
2x 2 in-all
2xreal
6b 3 -the9bdomain.
17.
18. from
using set-builder
notation.
19. y 4 + 2y 2 - 8
20. 2k 4 - 5k 2 - 3
ER
9
-7
5x + 17
p 21 p= + 222 + p1 p + 222 -2. 61
p +=222 22. 31r + 522 -3.111r
21.1x2
1.
1x2+=52 2- 4
1x2
2 - 7x + 10
3x
+
18
x
x
18x
+ 81
ER
6.3 Factor completely.
Write
terms.
7.1in lowest
(a) Find
all real numbers that2 are excluded from the domain. (b)
Give the domain,
25. 16x 22 - 25
26. 9t - 492
27. 36m 2 - 25n2
using
12xset-builder
+ 6x notation.
25m - n 2
r - 2
2 + (a)
2 are12k
4. 7.1
5. that
6. r 3 +(b)27
Find all real numbers
the domain.
Give the domain,
28.
29.
30.
x24x
9k
+ 4 + from
2 - excluded
+14x
12 +-49
25m 10mn
n2
4 - r2
9
7
5x + 17
using
set-builder
notation.
6 - =
8 - 1
1. 125x
2. m
3. x1x2
= 2
1x23 =- 1
1x2
31.
32.
1
33.
2
3x + 18
x -expression?
7x + 10
x - 18x + 81
7. What is meant
by the reciprocal of a rational
98
- 7- 25y 2
5x
2 + 6x + 9
3
5 - x 3 - 8x 2 +
34.1. x1x2
35.2. 1a
36.3.x1x2
+ b2
1a +- 17
b23
=
=
1x2
= 2
2
Write in lowest
3x terms.
+ 18
x - 7x + 10
x - 18x + 81
Multiply2or divide. Write the answer in lowest 2terms.2
2
12x + +326x
25m - n w 2 - 16
r - 2
3
12y
15y
equation.
Write
inSolve
lowesteach
4.6.5
5.
# terms.
# 6.3 4 - r 2
2 - 10mn
8.
9. + n 2
24x
+
12
25m
2
2 -5y
2 8x
2 -+ n12
2CHAPTER
- xw2r -- Exercises
Review
0 9
221x
=w 0 8 439.
5x
37. x12x
38. 15x +25m
+ +
6x 164y= 2 + 6 = 0 489
4. What
5. of a rational
6.
7.
is
meant
by
the
reciprocal
expression?
2
2
3
3
2 + mn +
2 - 10mn m
2 n
2 n2
z
z
6
z
6z
m
2
2
2
24x
+
12
25m
+
n
4
r
50
40.
41. 6x = 5x +11.
42. 6x + 7x
10. x + 2x = 8# 2
,
= 3
z - is6 meantz by+the
m + n
2z reciprocal
- 15
m 2 -2 n2
2
7.
What
of
a
rational
expression?
8.5
Multiply.
8x +
+ 3Write
= 0 the answer in lowest terms.
43.
44. - 4x + 36 = 0
Multiply
or14x
divide.

7
7

REVIEW EXERCISES

REVIEW EXERCISES
REVIEW EXERCISES

2 ++ 9x
2 +
12y
3212=B A023
6x
121x
- B322
=expression.
- 325 B Find the
45.
46.
15yeach
7.2
Suppose
is the denominator
wA 27
- o
16
82.
-3 2the
83.12x
+ a25
A 23
B expression
A 27
# that
#rational
Multiply
or+divide.
Write
answer in lowest terms.
8.
9.
2
least
common
denominator
for
each
group.
3
2
w
5y
4
w
9 - 221x + 32 - 2 48. 2x 2 - x - 28x 2= 0
22 =-31x
47. 1x12y+ +221x
2 - 4y
32
- 16
84.32b
85.9rw
+ 15#B A 215y
222 - 3 B
- 22 3B9
A23322
A 213
3, 24b
12.
13.
3r
2
8.
9.1x
z
z
6
z
- 6z
m23,+-2215x
n3 + # 21,m-2 9x
+ mn + n2
x
3x
+
4x
+
12
=
0
49.
50.
2
#
10. 2 5y
11. 2 w 2 ,2 4 - w - 182 2= 0
4y2 - 29
15+-94B
mA 2
n - x1 B -A 2
14.
5,
+3-29x
15.
12,
86.6xA 22
3z+2-13x
+6 3 B-A 2
3z 4 +9x
- 2z
32
87.3x
3 -4y
32xm
4y-++8,n3 Bx - 8x + 16
z - z - 6 #
z 2 - 6z
m 3 - n3
m 2 + mn + n2
Solve
10. each problem.
11.
,
Add
or
subtract
indicated.
z Suppose
6 asthat
+ n is not equal
is the denominator
rational
expression.
Find the
z 2 to
+each
2z expression
- that
15 the answer
m 2 - o
n2 a15
88.7.2
Use
a- calculator
show
to Exercise
85,
to
- 2m226,
51.
A
triangular
wall
brace
has
the
shape
of
52.
A
rectangular
parking lot has a length
least13
common
denominator
for
each
group.
5y + 13
1 - 7y
5 226. 8
a right
One
of the
perpendicuthan its expression.
width. Its Find
area the
is
16. 7.2
-triangle.
17. 20 2ft more
Suppose
that
each
expression
is the denominator
o -a rational
6y35, 24b
45y 7
12. lar
32b
13. 2400
9r
+ 1,
y +, ft13r
y are
+ 91the5 dimensions of the
2. What
3x
9x
sides
is
1
ft
longer
than
twice
the
least
commonCheck
denominator
for tried
each to
group.
89. Concept
A friend
rationalize the denominator
of
, by multiplying
7 9x 2 + by
3r x 2 - 2x 2
14. other.
6x 263+The
13xarea
-5 5,enclosed
9x the
- 4triangle
15. lot?
3x 2- 12,
-3 68, x 22r- 8x + 16
12. 32b , 24b
13. 9r 2, 3r + 1, 2 9+ 2
18.
+
19.
2
is
10.5
shorter of the
the
denominator
by per2
3 6. WHAT10r
WENT
WRONG?
5a
+numerator
10ft 2. Find
6a and
+the
12
- 3rs
- s W 2r
+ 20 + rs - s
2
2
Add
or
subtract
as
indicated.
14. pendicular
6x + 13xsides.
- 5, 9x + 9x - 4
15. 3x - 12, x 2 - 2x - 8, x 2 - 8x + 16
Check Two students worked the following problem. One student got a sum of
20. Concept
5y + 13
1 - 7y
15
1
and
the8denominator.
other
got a sum
of x --that
student(s)
got- thepositive
correctreal
answer?
Addy or
as
indicated.
Rationalize
Assume
all variables
represent
numbers.
16.
-each
17.
- 6 xsubtract
y . Which
5
4
7
y + 1
y + 1
3x y
9x y
2
1
5y + 13
1 - 7y
5
8
26
- 6 23
112r
+ 17.3 27p
W 3r 7
16.
90. 3x 6y6x5 - 9x
93.
y - x 92.
x19.
- yy + 1
18.
+ 4y 7 91.
+
y
+
1
2 +8 rs - s 2
25
2y2 - 3rs - s 2
5a
+ 10
6a + 12 22
10r
2rB
6
7
3r
2r
20.
Check
problem. One
got a sum of
3worked the following
18. Concept
+
19.
+student
2xTwo
+ 1 students
9
108m
1
2
2
2
1
1
10 the 6a
+ 95.
12 a3 sum of
10r - got
3rs the
- scorrect
2ranswer?
+ 25rs - s 2
-- 3+
94. y5a
96.student(s)
97.
and
other
got
.
Which
2
5
x
x
y
area is 2400 ft .
The area is 10.5B
ft . n
B 25 Check
22 +problem.
27 TheOne
26 got
- 3a sum of
20. Concept
Two students
worked the following
student

1
1
- 12
and
the
other
got
a
sum
of
.
Which
student(s)
got
the
correct
answer?
+
y - x
x - y
y
x
x
y
A
rock
is
projected
directly
upward
from
ground
level.
After
t
seconds,
its
height
(
if
air
Write in lowest terms.
2
1
resistance is neglected) is given by
+
2 - 2 25
4 y--8 x28
- 18 + 227
y
2 x+-256t.
98.
99.
100.
1t2
=
16t
8
12
6

53. After how many seconds will the rock return to the ground?

54.8.6
each equation.
AfterSolve
how many
seconds will it be 240 ft above the ground?
22x - 3 - 3 = 0
101.
28xdoes
+ 9the
= question
5
102.answers?
55. Why
in Exercise 54 have two

56. After how many seconds does the rock reach its maximum height, 1024 ft?

4 k3
45. 2

3 m 5 # 4m
2
3 m+8 4
46. 2
1
3
5x
49. 32

2k 3

3z
47. 32

Remainder

48. 432x
nctions
# 2 1/5.=Why?
31/4 g1x2
51. The product rule does
apply
Letnot
1x2
= xto2 and
2x + 1.
1x2 define functions, then

3x
50. 432

Algebra Test Study Guide

8.3 Simplify each radical. Assume that

positive real
1x2 represent
1x2
all variables

x2
1 numbers.
a
b
1x2
=
=
,
x
Z
a b1x2 !
, g1x2 " 0. #
2
3 6 # 2x
2
3+
5 1
47 # 2
43
52. 26 211
53. 25 # 2r g
54.
55. 22
g1x2
g
g1x2
56. 220

57. 275

60. 2100y 7
64.

ER

58. - 2125

3 64p 4q6
61. 2

y3
B 144

3 108a 8b 5
62. 2

m 15
B 27

3 632r 8t 4
63. 2

r2
B8

65. 3

a9
B 81

66. 3

Simplify each radical expression.

4p
69. 2
REVIEW EXERCISES

6 153
68. 2

3 - 108
59. 2

32
70. 2

67. 4

2
45

71. 2x

72. Find the unknown length in the right triangle. Simplify the answer if

PTER 3

2
5x

applicable.
5.1
Simplify. Write answers with only positive exponents. Assume that all variables
represent nonzero real numbers.
8
x
Graphs, Linear Equations, and Functions
4
1
1. 43
2. a b
3. 1- 523
3
90
14,
72
110,
62.
73. Find
the
distance
between
the
points
and
6
-4
-2
2
2
5
4.
5.
a
b
6.
a
b
-2
3
4
1- 32Perform
8.4
the indicated operations.
Assume that all variables represent
positive real
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
numbers.
7. 5 - 6
8. 2 + 4
9. - 3 + 3

REVIEW EXERCISES

-422 - 3 250
-42-2 - 3 245
-32-2 + 2 275y
74.
2 28
75. 1x
8 280
76. 1xy
- 227y
10.
13
11.
12.
3.1
Complete the table of ordered
pairs for each equation. Then
graph
the equation.

2r 4
3 + 5 296m 3
77.
2 254m
78. 3 2
3 54 + 5 2
3 16
79. 13r2
-62
4 32 +-32
4 512
1. 3x
-3 x - y = 8 15.
13.
1z -3+232y
z -6 = 10
14. 15m -3221m 422.
19r 2-2
-2r -3
r
x
y
x
y
In Exercises
80 and 81, leave answers as-4simplified
radicals.
-3 5
-1 m -2
6m
3r 5 -2 9r -1 3
05z
2
16.
b
17.
a
b
a
b
18.
a
a -5 b elec80. aFind
the
perimeter
of
a
rectangular
elec81.
Find
the
perimeter
of ba triangular
-3
16
z -1 0 z 2
m -9
5r -3
2r
tronic
billboard
having
sides
of
lengths
tronic
highway
road
sign
having the
2
3
-2
5q-32
-4
3
15pin the
q214p
6m
n
shown
in
the
figure.
dimensions
shown
figure.
-2
19. 1- 3x-4y23214x -2y 52
20.
21.
- 3mn2
2p -5q5

348 ft

Find the x- and y-intercepts and then graph each equation.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY,
BIRTHDAY,
ELVIS!
January 8

3. 4x -483yft = 12

82 ft

5. 2x + 5y = 20

4. 5x + 7y = 28

All

6. x - 4y =108
8 ft

Traffic

227 ft

Must Exit

612 ft
Use the midpoint formula
to find the midpoint of each segment with the given endpoints.

Iowa

7. 1- 8, - 122 and 18, 162

3.2

8. 10, - 52 and 1- 9, 82

Highway 64
50 ft

Find the slope of each line.

9. Through 1- 1, 22 and 14, - 52

10. Through 10, 32 and 1- 2, 42

11. y = 2x + 3

12. 3x - 4y = 5

13. x = 5

14. Parallel
to 33y Review
= 2x + Exercises
5
CHAPTER
16. Through 1- 1, 52 and 1- 1, - 42

15. Perpendicular to 3x - y = 4

203

y
17.3.3 Findy an equation for each line. (a) Write
18. the equation
in slope-intercept form.
(b) Write the equation in standard form.

25. Slope - 13 ; y-intercept 10, - 12

27. Slope

- 43 ;
0

26. Slope 0; y-intercept 10, - 22

2

through 12,x 72

28. Slope 3; through 1 - 1, 42

x
0

29. Vertical; through 12, 52

30. Through 12, - 52 and 11, 42

31. Through 1 - 3, - 12 and 12, 62

32. The line pictured in Exercise 18

33. Parallel to 4x - y = 3 and through 17, - 12

34. Perpendicular
to 2xhas
- positive,
5y = 7 and
through
14,undefined
32
Tell
whether each line
negative,
0, or
slope.

35. The Midwest
Athletic
two special
plans. (Source:
Ath19.
20.Club offers
21.membership
22. Midwest
y
y
y
y
letic Club.) For each plan, write a linear equation in slope-intercept form and give the

cost y in dollars of a 1-yr membership. Let x represent the number of months.
0

x
x
(a) Executive
VIP/Gold membership:x $159 fee, plus
0
0 $57 per month

Determine the number that will complete the square to solve each equation, after the constant
term has been written on the right side and the coefficient of the second-degree term is 1. Do
not actually solve. See Examples 6 8.
Algebra Test Study Guide
49. x 2 + 4x - 2 = 0

50. t 2 + 2t - 1 = 0

51. x 2 + 10x + 18 = 0

+ to
11 complete
= 0
3w 2 - w
- 24solve
= 0 the equations.
52. x 2 + 8x
53.square.
54. 4z 2 - z - 39 = 0
Practice
how
the
Dont

Solve each equation by completing the square. Use the results of Exercises 4954 to solve
Exercises 5762. See Examples 6 8.

55. x 2 - 2x - 24 = 0

56. m 2 - 4m - 32 = 0

57. x 2 + 4x - 2 = 0

58. t 2 + 2t - 1 = 0

59. x 2 + 10x + 18 = 0

60. x 2 + 8x + 11 = 0

61. 3w 2 - w = 24

62. 4z 2 - z = 39

63. x 2 + 7x - 1 = 0

64. x 2 + 13x - 3 = 0

65. 2k 2 + 5k - 2 = 0

66. 3r 2 + 2r - 2 = 0

67. 5x 2 - 10x + 2 = 0

68. 2x 2 - 16x + 25 = 0
4
1
71. z 2 - z = 3
9

69. 9x 2 - 24x = - 13
8
72. p 2 - p = - 1
3

70. 25n 2 - 20n = 1

2 - 0.2x
2 - 0.4p
You
must
also- review
HWs
about
these
73. 0.1x
0.1 = 0 all the CWs and
74. 0.1p
+ 0.1
= 0 topics.

(Hint: First clear the decimals.)

(Hint: First clear the decimals.)

Find the nonreal complex solutions of each equation. See Example 9.

77. 1r - 522 = - 4

75. x 2 = - 12

76. x 2 = - 18

78. 1t + 622 = - 9

81. m 2 + 4m + 13 = 0

79. 16x - 122 = - 8

82. t 2 + 6t + 10 = 0

80. 14m - 722 = - 27

84. 4x 2 + 5x + 5 = 0

85. - m 2 - 6m - 12 = 0

86. - x 2 - 5x - 10 = 0

RELATING CONCEPTS

83. 3r 2 + 4r + 4 = 0

EXERCISES 8792

FOR INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP WORK

The Greeks had a method of completing the square geometrically in which they literally
changed a figure into a square. For example, to complete the square for x 2 + 6x, we
begin with a square of side x, as in the figure on the left. We add three rectangles of
width 1 to the right side and the bottom to get a region with area x 2 + 6x. To fill in the
corner (complete the square), we must add nine 1-by-1 squares as shown.
x+3

x
x

x+3

Work Exercises 8792 in order.

87. What is the area of the original square?
88. What is the area of each strip?
89. What is the total area of the six strips?
90. What is the area of each small square in the corner of the second figure?
91. What is the total area of the small squares?
92. What is the area of the new complete square?