SKEMA PEMARKAHAN KERTAS 2

PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN 2014 TINGKATAN 4

Question
Number
1 a.
b.(i)
(ii)
c.
2 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3 (a)
(b)
(c) (i)

(c) (ii)

(d)

Mark scheme

1
1
1
1
total 4
Ratchet
1
To ensure the pressure exerted does not exceed // undue pressure is not 1
exerted
-0.02mm
1
0.01 mm
1
Has smaller scale division
1
Total 5
0.02 s
1
Increasing velocity// constant acceleration
1
1
0.8cm

0.02s
40cms 1
1
2.0cm

0.02 s
100cms 1
v u
a
n 1 0.02s
PQRQP
0.2
45 / 45.0
Scalar quantity

100cms 1 40cms 1
7 1 0.02s

500cms 2
4 (a)
(b)

Mark

Rate change of displacement

1
1
Total 6
1
1

(c) (i)

10 0
10 0
1ms 2

(c) (ii)

1
10 2010
2
150m
s

OR

1
1
2
1

1
1010 1010
2
150m
s

5 (a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(d)

change of momentum
OP > OQ
Impulsive force
5.1(a) < 5.1(b)
The shorter the time, the larger the impulsive force/ vice versa
Inflate the ball/ pump air into the ball
To increase the time impact
So it will decrease the impulsive force

6 (a)

Diagram 6.1 the boy and skateboard move together in the same
direction.
Diagram 6.2 the frog and leaf move in the opposite direction
same
Momentum before = momentum after
40 x 20 = (40 + 2) v
v = 19.05 ms-1
The principle of conservation of momentum
Momentum = m x v
= 30 x 20
= 600 kgms-1

(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)

7 (a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
(e)

Rate change of displacement

7.1 < 7.2
P> Q
acceleration
cms-2
The higher the mass, the lower the acceleration
Suggestion: Increase the height of the runaway
Reason: The change of velocity will increases
Suggestion: Use friction compensated runaway
Reason: The net force produced will be increases

8 (a)
(b)

object falls with an acceleration due to gravity

Gravitational force
Impulsive force
1
s gt 2
2
1
2
10ms 2 3.5s
2
61.25m

(c)

(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

9. (a) (i)

Total 6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total 10
1
1
1

W= mg
= 2.5 kg x 10ms2
= 25 N // 25 kgms-2
Mass is base quantity, weight is derived quantity// mass does not affect
by gravity, weight does affect by gravity
Gravitational potential energy// potential energy to kinetic energy
Material Q
Soft surface
Will increase the time impact
Reduce the impulsive force
Total
SECTION B
Quantity of matter in an object

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1

(ii)

(iii)
(b)

(c) (i)

Bull has larger mass compare to the calf.

The bull is difficult to move // to change direction.
The larger the mass, more difficult to change direction//move
The bull therefore has a greater reluctance to any attempt to change
its state of motion.

The larger the mass, the larger the inertia

The law of inertia

A cat dries their wet fur by shaking the body vigorously

The droplets of water on the fur tend to continue in motion when the
cat stops shaking.

This causes the water droplets to fall away from the fur
Hammer is lifted higher and then release.
Hammer has high velocity.
Hammer has higher momentum before striking the pile
Momentum is almost zero before striking the pile in a short time.
It produce high impulsive force
The higher the impulsive force drive the pile into the ground.
Modification
Higher mass of hammer
Increase high of the hammer
High velocity
High momentum

Explanation
Large momentum
To produce high velocity
produce high momentum
produce large impulsive force, so the
pile go deeper

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Mana-mana dua
10. (a)
(b)

(c)

Total
Momentum is product of mass and velocity
10.1 shape does not change, 10.2 ball flattened//change shape
10.1 higher velocity than 10.2
Time of impact of 10.1 shorter than 10.2
The higher the time impact, the lower the impulsive force
The higher the velocity, the higher the impulsive force
A soft ball has a high velocity.
A soft ball has a high momentum.
The soft ball player move his hand backward to increase time impact.
The higher the time impact will reduce impulsive force.

20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

(d)
Modification
Front and rear
crumple zones
Air bags
Dashboard - made
of soft material
Seat belt
Headrest

Explanation
-to increase time of impact to reduce impulsive
force.
-to prevent driver and passenger colliding with
steering wheel and dashboard.
-to increase time of impact to reduce impulsive
force.
to lengthen the time of impact so as to reduce
impulsive force.
to prevent passengers thrown foward due to it
inertia
to prevent head thrown back due to it inertia

2
2
2
2
2

Total 20
11. (a)
(i)
(b)

SECTION C
Accuracy is the degree of closeness of the measurement to the actual
value/accepted value
Random errors -occur when incorrect position of the eye when making a reading
-unpredictable variations in conditions such change in temperature,

1
1

lighting or pressure.
1

Example: Parallax
Systematic errors
Error in the measurement of a physical quantity due to its intruments
Example:
1. Incorrect calibration of instrument.
2. Zero error
Characteristic
Explanation
mercury.
opaque thus easier to take reading
of thermometer.
thin Glass-walled bulb
can absorb heat faster
small Diameter of capillary
will be more sensitive.
tube
curved thermometer Glasscurved surface can act as
bore stem
magnifying glass.
suitable thermometer is A.
A has mercury, thin glass-walled
bulb, small capillary tube and curved
glass-bore stem

(b)

(d) (i)

(ii)

The temperature reading is spread out in range.

Not accurate
not consistent.
Error
100%
Percentage error =
Actual value
Mean
= 59.6 + 59.3 + 59.7 + 59.9
4
= 59.625
Percentage error
= 0.125 x 100
59.5
= 0.21%

12 (a) (i)

1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1

1
1
1
Total 20

Characteristics
Low reaction time
Small mass of the car
High propulsion
Very aerodynamic
Race car C will win the race

(ii)

Explanation
car can start to move in the
shortest time
Lighter //acceleration should be
higher
acceleration will be higher
resistance is smaller
reaction time is the smallest, its
mass is also the smallest,
propulsion force is big , and its
shape is very aerodynamic

2
2
2
2
2

Normal Reaction Force

Frictional
Force
3

Engine
thrust
4 - 3
3 -2
2- 1
Frictional force is the force acting in the opposite direction of forward force.
Acceleration is zero because velocity is constant
Resistance = applied force resultant force
= 1000 0
= 1000 N
Acceleration, a = F-R
m
= (1200 1000) / 500
= 0.4 ms-2
Total

Weight// Gravitational
Force

(c)
(d) (i)
(ii)

1
1
1

1
1
20