Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HISTORY
1.1
Casualties
3
line with unique liabilities. It had been deliberately dispersed throughout several camps
during its stateside training; some of its artillery units were summoned to France before
they had completed their courses of instruction, and were never fully equipped until after
the Armistice; nearly all its senior white ocers scorned the men under their command and
repeatedly asked to be transferred; the black
enlisted men were frequently diverted from
their already attenuated training opportunities
in France in the summer of 1918 and put to
work as stevedores and common laborers.
The 369th, 370th, 371st, and 372nd Infantry Regiments served with distinction under French command
with French colonial units in front-line combat. The
French did not harbor the same levels of disdain based
on skin color and for many Americans of an AfricanAmerican descent it was a liberating and refreshing experience. These African-American soldiers wore American uniforms, some dating from the time of the Union
Army, with French helmets and were armed with French
Model 1907/15 8mm Lebel Berthier ries manufactured by Remington Arms rather than M1903 Springeld or M1917 Eneld ries issued to most American
soldiers.[15] One of the most distinguished units was the
369th Infantry Regiment, known as the Harlem Hellghters. The 369th was on the front lines for six months,
longer than any other African-American regiment in the
war. One hundred seventy-one members of the 369th
were awarded the Legion of Merit.[16] One member of
the 369th, Sgt. Henry Lincoln Johnson, was awarded the
French Croix de guerre,[17] and has been considered for
a posthumous Medal of Honor.
See also
Fort Omaha Balloon School
United States home front during World War I
Notes
4 References
Ayres, Leonard P, The War with Germany: A Statistical Summary Government Printing Oce, 1919
full text online
Arthur E. Barbeau and Florette Henri, The Unknown Soldiers: Black American Troops in World
War I (Philadelphia: Temple University Press,
1974),
Beaver, Daniel R. Newton D. Baker and the American War Eort, 19171919 (1966)
Chambers, John W., II. To Raise an Army: The
Draft Comes to Modern America (1987)
Coman, Edward M. The War to End All Wars:
The American Military Experience in World War I
(1998), the standard history
Cooke, James J., The Rainbow Division in the Great
War, 19171919 Praeger Publishers, (1994)
Dalessandro, Robert J. & Dalessandro, Rebecca S.,
American Lions: The 332nd Infantry Regiment in
World War I, (Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schier Publishing, 2009)
Dalessandro, Robert J., & Knapp, Michael G., Organization and Insignia of the American Expeditionary Forces, 19171923 (Atglen, Pennsylvania:
Schier Publishing, 2008) The best single volume
on AEF unit organization.
5
Dalessandro, Robert J. & Gerald Torrence, Willing Patriots: Men of Color in the First World War
(Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schier Publishing, 2009)
EXTERNAL LINKS
Davenport, Matthew J. First Over There: The Attack on Cantigny Americas First Battle of World
War I (New York, Thomas Dunne: 2015)
5 External links
United States Army Center of Military History
Army Historical Series: American Military
History
Chapter 17: World War I: The First
Three Years
Chapter 18: World War I: The U.S.
Army Overseas
CMH Subject Publications
CMH Pub 24-1: Learning Lessons in the
American Expeditionary Forces
U.S. Army Chemical Corps Historical Studies
Gas Warfare in World War I: Study
Number 9:
The 1st Division at
Ansauville"; January April 1918
American Battle Monuments Commission
Publications
82d Division: Summary of Operations
in the World War
92d Division: Summary of Operations
in the World War
93d Division: Summary of Operations
in the World War
Archival material
Awards and Decorations: World War I
Statistics
Campaigns of the United States Army
AEF General Headquarters Papers
American Expeditionary Force website recaps war
in 10 pages
WWI Service Questionnaires at Gettysburg College
5
Edith M. Faulstich collection, 1918
1975: A.E.F. Letters, Diaries, Photos
Letters to the A.E.F in Siberia
A Find! Mail To the American Expeditionay Forces"
6.1
Text
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6.2
Images
File:America{}s_First_Convoy_1917.png Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dc/America%27s_First_Convoy_
1917.png License: PD-US Contributors:
The Corsair in the War Zone by Ralph Delahaye Paine, Hugh Miin Company, Riverside Press Cambridge, page 38 (facing plate)
Original artist:
unknown
File:American_Expeditionary_Force_Baker_Mission.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/American_
Expeditionary_Force_Baker_Mission.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be
made by User:Rockfang. Original artist: Original uploader was NASA at en.wikipedia
File:Field_hospital_WWI.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9d/Field_hospital_WWI.jpg License: PD-US Contributors: ? Original artist: Library of Congress
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:US_flag_48_stars.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/US_flag_48_stars.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
6.3
Content license