Piston Dynamics

Module Description
Analyze piston secondary motion (piston tilting), study the
impact of crankshaft and/or piston pin offset on friction and
resulting NVH through piston slap. Especially important for pistons
with non-standard mass distribution.
The piston-liner force is simulated using either a Dry Contact
approach or a 2D or 3D Hydrodynamic Contact approach, the
latter considering Surface Roughness Contact Pressure.
Supplementary a kinematic approach is available, allowing only
the primary piston motion.

Details
Dry Contact Approach: Piston primary and secondary motion is
allowed. Forces between Liner and Piston are calculated according
the Hertz theory for elastic contact (elastic half space theory, valid
for non-conforming surfaces, i.e. the surfaces touch each other
initially at a point or along a line). Contact forces are calculated at
the thrust and anti-thrust side. The influence of the oil film on the
forces is neglected. For the calculation of the contact force, the
deformation of the piston and liner due to the contact pressure
application is considered to consist of a global and a local part.
Hydrodynamic Approach: Piston primary, secondary, and tertiary
motion is allowed. The hydrodynamic approach for the piston liner
connector element force is based on the solution of the Reynolds
equation to calculate the pressure distribution in the thin oil film in
the gap between piston skirt and liner surface in 2D or 3D.

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VE_PISTON_DYNAMICS_R3.DOCX

Piston Secondary Motion

Piston Dynamics
Module Description
The 2D hydrodynamic approach is based on a simplification of the Reynolds equation. The 3D hydrodynamic
approach is based on the solution of the complete Reynolds Equation.
Both models include mixed friction by considering
surface roughness. The Roughness Contact Pressure
is calculated according to Greenwood and Tripp.
Modeling Elements

Convex Piston and Liner contour

Ovality, Crowning, Drop, Deformation
specialized Piston-Liner contacts

Analysis

Piston Secondary Motion Analysis

NVH Analysis (Piston Slap)
Piston-Liner force based on Dry Contact approach
or 2D / 3D Hydrodynamic Contact approach
Results: Translational and rotational displacements
of the piston relative to the liner, forces (thrust and
anti-thrust side) and torques on piston, friction force
(thrust and anti-thrust side), friction loss, friction power
(thrust and anti-thrust side, total friction power), ring
friction force and friction power, translational and rotational
velocities of the piston relative to the liner
The resulting pressure distribution is recorded in
ParaView file format (http://www.paraview.org/)
and can be visualized / animated using ParaView.

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VE_PISTON_DYNAMICS_R3.DOCX