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IF
Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and another value if it evaluates
to FALSE.

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Use IF to conduct conditional tests on values and formulas.

Syntax
IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
Logical_test is any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. For example, A10=100 is a
logical expression; if the value in cell A10 is equal to 100, the expression evaluates to TRUE. Otherwise, the
expression evaluates to FALSE. This argument can use any comparison calculation operator.
Value_if_true is the value that is returned if logical_test is TRUE. For example, if this argument is the text string
"Within budget" and the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE, then the IF function displays the text "Within
budget". If logical_test is TRUE and value_if_true is blank, this argument returns 0 (zero). To display the word
TRUE, use the logical value TRUE for this argument. Value_if_true can be another formula.
Value_if_false is the value that is returned if logical_test is FALSE. For example, if this argument is the text
string "Over budget" and the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE, then the IF function displays the text
"Over budget". If logical_test is FALSE and value_if_false is omitted, (that is, after value_if_true, there is no
comma), then the logical value FALSE is returned. If logical_test is FALSE and value_if_false is blank (that is, after
value_if_true, there is a comma followed by the closing parenthesis), then the value 0 (zero) is returned.
Value_if_false can be another formula.
Remarks
Up to seven IF functions can be nested as value_if_true and value_if_false arguments to construct more
elaborate tests. (See Example 3 for a sample of nested IF functions.) If you want to test more than seven
conditions, consider using the LOOKUP, VLOOKUP, or HLOOKUP function. (See Example 4 for a sample of the
LOOKUP function.)
When the value_if_true and value_if_false arguments are evaluated, IF returns the value returned by those
statements.
If any of the arguments to IF are arrays, every element of the array is evaluated when the IF statement is
carried out.
Microsoft Excel provides additional functions that can be used to analyze your data based on a condition. For
example, to count the number of occurrences of a string of text or a number within a range of cells, use the
COUNTIF worksheet function. To calculate a sum based on a string of text or a number within a range, use the
SUMIF worksheet function. Learn about calculating a value based on a condition.
Example 1
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How to copy an example
A
1

Data

50
Formula

Description (Result)

=IF(A2<=100,"Within
budget","Over budget")

If the number above is less than or equal to 100, then the

formula displays "Within budget". Otherwise, the function
displays "Over budget" (Within budget)

=IF(A2=100,SUM(B5:B15),"")

If the number above is 100, then the range B5:B15 is calculated.

Otherwise, empty text ("") is returned ()

Example 2
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How to copy an example
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Actual Expenses

Predicted Expenses

1500

900

500

900

500

925

Formula

Description (Result)

=IF(A2>B2,"Over Budget","OK")

Checks whether the first row is over budget (Over Budget)

=IF(A3>B3,"Over Budget","OK")

Checks whether the second row is over budget (OK)

Example 3
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How to copy an example
A
1

Score

45

90

78
Formula

Description (Result)

=IF(A2>89,"A",IF(A2>79,"B",
IF(A2>69,"C",IF(A2>59,"D","F"))))

Assigns a letter grade to the first score (F)

=IF(A3>89,"A",IF(A3>79,"B",
IF(A3>69,"C",IF(A3>59,"D","F"))))

Assigns a letter grade to the second

score (A)

=IF(A4>89,"A",IF(A4>79,"B",
IF(A4>69,"C",IF(A4>59,"D","F"))))

Assigns a letter grade to the third score

(C)

In the preceding example, the second IF statement is also the value_if_false argument to the first IF statement.
Similarly, the third IF statement is the value_if_false argument to the second IF statement. For example, if the first
logical_test (Average>89) is TRUE, "A" is returned. If the first logical_test is FALSE, the second IF statement is
evaluated, and so on.
The letter grades are assigned to numbers using the following key.
IF SCORE IS

THEN RETURN

Greater than 89

From 80 to 89

From 70 to 79

From 60 to 69

Less than 60

Example 4
In this example, the LOOKUP function is used instead of the IF function because there are thirteen conditions to
test.
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How to copy an example
A
1

Score

45

90

78

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Formula

Description (Result)

=LOOKUP(A2,{0,60,63,67,70,73,77,80,83,87,90,93,97},
{"F","D-","D","D+","C-","C","C+","B-","B","B+","A-","A","A+"})

Assigns a letter grade

to the first score (F)

=LOOKUP(A3,{0,60,63,67,70,73,77,80,83,87,90,93,97},
{"F","D-","D","D+","C-","C","C+","B-","B","B+","A-","A","A+"})

Assigns a letter grade

to the second score
(A-)

=LOOKUP(A4,{0,60,63,67,70,73,77,80,83,87,90,93,97},
{"F","D-","D","D+","C-","C","C+","B-","B","B+","A-","A","A+"})

Assigns a letter grade

to the third score (C+)

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12/20/2012 12:14 AM