Professional Documents
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UMTS TECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS 3G?
- stands for THIRD GENERATION mobile technology
- it is a wireless technology designed to allow a certain
device to access to voice, video and data services at
much faster rates than can be achieved today
- NTC clarified it viewed 3G as enhancement and
improvement of the 2nd Generation Technology
OBJECTIVE:
To EXPLORE:
- The History and roadmap of mobile Telecommunication
- 3G Basic Technology
- 3G Basic Network Architecture
- 3G Basic Nature and Behavior
1G
Voice call
2G 2.5 G
Voice call,fax,
data and text
messaging
3G
1st Generation
1976+, though really the technology of the 1980s
Analogue modulation
Frequency Division Multiple Access
Voice traffic only
No inter-network roaming possible
Not secure air interface
The 1st Generation of
Cellular Technology
makes use of analog
modulation
techniques such as
FM
Macrocellular
High sites for coverage driven
planning
Antennas above roof height
Hard handover
Only ever connected to a single cell
2nd Generation
1990s
Digital modulation
Variety of Multiple Access
00
strategies
01
10
Voice and low rate circuit switched
10001001
data
0
0
0
1
1
00010
1
01
1
1
1
Same technology roaming
10
0
0
Secure air interface
001
0
0 10
0
11
111
000 00100
111
1
1 10
GSM
GSM
phones
1999/2000
from
GSM Planning
Hard Handover
GSM
networks
use
microcells
to
provide
additional capacity. As with
1st
generation
networks
frequency
planning
is
required
cdmaOne
First networks in 1996
Derived from Qualcomm IS-95 air interface
Largely American subscriber base with some Asian networks
Code Division Multiple Access
This is in many ways the closest 2nd generation standard to many of the 3rd
generation standards
cdmaOne
1999/2000
phones
from
cdmaOne Planning
2.5G
Now...
Digital modulation
Voice and intermediate rate
circuit/packet switched data
Same technology roaming
Secure air interface
Based upon existing dominant
standards such as GSM or
cdmaOne
2.5G technologies are
based upon existing 2G
technologies
but
are
focussed at increasing
the maximum data rates
that the technologies can
deliver
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Enhancement to the GSM standard
Utilises:
Multiple channel coding schemes
(4.8kbps, 9.6kbps, 14.4kbps per
timeslot)
Multiple timeslots
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
Enhancement to the GSM standard
Utlilises
Multiple Channel Coding Schemes (9.05kbps, 13.4kbps, 15.6kbps, 21.4kbps)
Multiple Timeslots
Packet Switching
Packet Switched Data typically to rates of 115kbps
Theoretically 171.2kbps for 8 timeslots
IS-95B
Enhancement to cdmaOne standard
Utilises
High rate coding scheme
Combined code channels
packet switching
Packet Switched Data to rates of 114kbps
EDGE
Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution
Sometimes called E-GPRS (Enhanced GPRS)
Enhancement to the GSM and TDMA standards
Utlilises:
8PSK Modulation
Possible 1.6MHz carrier under IS-136
8 Channel Coding Schemes
Multiple Timeslots
TDMA
Data up to rates of 384kbps (typically less)
Multiple
Access
Modulation
Carrier
Spacing
Frame Length
Slots per
Frame
Frequency
Band
Max Data
Rate
Frequency
Hopping
Handover
GSM
TDMA
cdmaOne
PDC
TDMA
TDMA
CDMA
TDMA
GMSK
/4-DQPSK
QPSK
/4-DQPSK
200kHz
30kHz
1.25MHz
25kHz
4.615ms
40ms
20ms
20ms
3/6
800/ 1900
800/ 1900
850/ 1500
IS-136+:
43.2kbps
28.8kbps
No
IS-95A:
14.4kbps
IS-95B:
115.2kbps
N/A
Hard
Hard
Soft
Hard
No
3G SERVICES
3G 3
rd
1) Feature:
Wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA)
technology
digital signal
Broadband (5Mhz Bandwidth)
integrated service system integrating all current mobile
telephone system functions providing multiple services
large capacity
2) Radio Frequency Spectrum (UHF Ultra high Frequency)
frequency spectrum around 2000MHz or 2GHz
Data rate up to 2000kbps or 2Mbps
What triggered
them to implement 3G?
Voice services currently account for more than
90 percent of income, but by the year 2005 it
has been forecasted that data and other nonvoice services will generate 50 percent of
operator income.
What is IMT-2000
"International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000)
represents the global standard for meeting the emerging needs of
mobile telecommunications in the 21st century whereby mobile
telecommunications subscribers will be able to access voice, data,
Internet, and multimedia services at any time and at any place."
U101
Soc Classification level
26
Nokia Siemens Networks
26
HSDPA
3GPP
HSUPA
3GPP2
Where is
Philippines?
Downlink
1920-1980
2110-2170
1980M
1920M
Uplink 1920-1980
2110M
Downlink 2110-2170
2170M
Uplink
1960-1980
1980
1960
M
M
Uplink 1960-1980
Downlink
2110-2130
2110
2170
M
M
Downlink 2110-2130
Downlink
2150-2170
2110
2170
M
M
Downlink 2110-2170
RADIO FREQUENCIES
Where IS UMTS
FREQ ?
Pico Cell
Few meters
to 100
Micro cell
200 -500 meter
range
WHAT IS WCDMA?
- stands for Wide-Band Code Division Multiple Access
- is a type of Cellular Network
- it is the higher speed transmission protocol used in
the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone Systems)
What is Bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the difference between
the upper and lower cutoff frequencies,
and is typically measured in hertz
What is the
Bandwidth?
1925M
1920M
5Mhz
What is Code?
A code is a rule for converting
a piece of information (for
example, a letter, word,
phrase, or gesture) into
another form or representation
(one sign into another sign),
not necessarily of the same
type.
Example of a Code?
WCDMA CODE
Scrambling Code
Code Channels
Scrambling Code 1
Code Channels
Scrambling Code 2
Scrambling Codes
Are used to separate cells and terminals from each other rather than
purely channels
What is Channel?
An individually-assigned, dedicated pathway
through a transmission medium for one users
information.
CDMA
1
1
1
5 MHz
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Frequency reuse
factor is 1;
network design
and expanding
become much
easier
Slow
Information
Recovered
TX
RX
Slow
Information
Recovered
.
TX
Fast
Spreading
Sequence
RX
Fast
Spreading
Sequence
C=B*log2(1+S/N)
Where,
C is capacity of channel, b/s
B is signal bandwidth, Hz
S is average power for signal
N is average power for noise
Claude Shannon is the Father of Information Theory. It was entirely
new that information of any kind-- whether for use on a telegraph,
telephone, radio, or television-- could be decomposed into zeros and
ones, encoded, transmitted, and decoded at the other end which is
called the Mathematical Theory of Communication. He went on to
present the concept of the maximum rate of transmission on a
channel-- the capacity or "Shannon limit"-- which provides the
benchmark against which all codes and modulations are measured.
Soc Classification level
53
Nokia Siemens Networks
MATH
HAMMER
12.2 KHz
5 MHz
Spreading
1
-1
Spread
Air Interface
Chip Stream
Despreading
U101
Soc Classification level
57
Nokia Siemens Networks
57
What is CHIP?
It is a pulse of a direct-sequence spread
spectrum (DSSS) Code
1
-1
UMTS Architecture
RNS: Radio Network Subsystem
ME
IuCS
USIM
Node B
UE: User
Equipment
PSTN
USIM
Node B
F
Iur
EIR
FDD mode
only
Gs
HLR
Node B
USIM
Uu
RNC: Radio
Network
Controller
Iub
SGSN
RNS
IuPS
Iu
AuC
G
c
Gf
Gr
ME
G-MSC
VLR
ME
MSC
RNC
GGSN
Gi
Gn
Gp
A-bis
Interface
Iub
CN
Iu
Iu
RNS
RNS
Iur
RNC
Iub
Iub
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
Uu
UE
Iub
Iub
UTRAN
RNC
NodeB
UTRAN
UMTS Architecture
The system consists of:
UTRAN
UTRAN performs all the functions related to wireless
communication;
CN (Core Network)
CN switches and routes voice and data services to
connect them to the external network.
UE (User Equipment)
The UE (User Equipment) is connected to the UTRAN
through the air interface standard.
Functional Units
UE (User Equipment):
As the wireless terminal that performs wireless communication
via the Uu interface, it contains an intelligent card, which records the
user ID, performs the authentication algorithm, and stores
information such as authentication information and keys.
Node B:
Transmits data streams between the Iub and the Uu interfaces,
participating in radio resource management.
INTERFACE
Uu interface:
Serves as the air interface of the WCDMA system to connect
a UE to a Node B.
Iu interface:
Connects the UTRAN and the CN. It is similar to the A
interface (circuit switching) and the Gb interface (packet switching)
in GSM.
Iur interface:
Allows soft handover between the RNC equipment of different
manufacturers as an open interface.
Iub interface:
Connects the Node B and the RNC.
Coverage and
capacity are
relative
back
Soc Classification level
65
Nokia Siemens Networks
>384 kbps
>144 kbps
>64 kbps
Subscriber
num
increase
>12.2 kbps
Multipath Propagation
Transmit
Strength
Received Signal
0
Time
Multipath Propagation
RAKE Receiving
Single
receiving
Single
receiving
receiver
combining
Single
receiving
searcher
s(t)
calculate
s(t)
signal
TYPES OF HANDOVER
I. Intra-System (WCDMA) Handover
a. SOFTER HANDOVER Mobile Station handover
within one node B between different sectors
b. SOFT HANDOVER - Mobile Station handover
between different Node B.
c. Hard HANDOVER - Mobile Station handover
between different frequencies
Closed Loop - With feed back from the Node B. Base station informs
mobile unit to increase or decrease the power level