WirelessTechnology

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Wewilldiscussabout;

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WhatisWireless
Devicescommonlyuse
Practicalpurposes
Typesofwireless

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Todays Internet
Terminals:
PCs
Applications : Best effort, email, FTP, surfing etc

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
wirelesstechnology isgenerallyusedformobileIT
equipment.Itencompassescellulartelephones,
personaldigitalassistants(PDA's),andwireless
networking.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Otherexamplesofwirelesstechnology
includeGPSunits,garagedooropenersand
orgaragedoors,wirelesscomputermiceand
keyboards,satellitetelevisionandcordless
telephones.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
WhatisWireless?
Wirelessnetworkingtechnologiesrangefrom
global voiceanddatanetworks,whichallowusers
toestablishwirelessconnectionsacrosslong
distances,toinfraredlight andradiofrequency
technologies thatareoptimizedforshortrange
wirelessconnections.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Wirelessnetwork mostcommonlyusetorefertoa
telecommunicationsnetworkwhose
interconnectionsbetweennodes isimplemented
withouttheuseofwires,suchasacomputer

network.
Wirelesstelecommunicationsnetworksaregenerally
implementedwithsometypeofinformation
transmissionsystemthatuseselectromagnetic
waves,suchasradiowaves,forthecarrier

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Wireless communicationinvolves
radio frequencycommunication
microwave communication,forexamplelongrange
lineofsightviahighlydirectionalantennas,orshort
rangecommunication
infrared(IR)shortrangecommunication,for
examplefromremotecontrols orviaIRDA
Applicationsmayinvolvepointtopointcommunication,
pointtomultipointcommunication,broadcasting ,
cellularnetworks andotherwirelessnetworks.
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Devicescommonlyusewirelessnetworking
technologies:

portablecomputers,

desktopcomputers,

handheldcomputers,

personaldigitalassistants(PDAs),

cellularphones,

penbasedcomputers,

pagers,GPSetc.
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Thepracticalpurposes
mobileuserscanusetheircellularphoneto
accessemail.
Travelerswithportablecomputerscanconnectto
theInternetthroughbasestationsinstalledin
airports,railwaystations,andotherpublic
locations.
Athome,userscanconnectdevicesontheir
desktoptosynchronizedataandtransferfiles.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network

Wirelesswideareanetworks(WWANs)
Wirelessmetropolitanareanetworks(WMANs)
Wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
Wirelesspersonalareanetworks(WPANs)

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Type of Wireless Network : WWAN

WWANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablish
wirelessconnectionsoverremotepublicorprivate
networks.Theseconnectionscanbemaintained
overlargegeographicalareas,suchascitiesor
countries,throughtheuseofmultipleantenna
sitesorsatellitesystemsmaintainedbywireless
serviceproviders.

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Type of Wireless Network : WMAN

WMANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablish
wirelessconnectionsbetweenmultiplelocations
withinametropolitanarea(forexample,between
multipleofficebuildingsinacityoronauniversity
campus),withoutthehighcostoflayingfiberor
coppercablingandleasinglines

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Type of Wireless Network : WLAN

WirelessLocalAreaNetworks(WLAN)are
implementedasanextensiontowiredLANswithin
abuildingandcanprovidethefinalfewmetersof
connectivitybetweenawirednetworkandthe
mobileuser.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WLAN

WirelessLocalAreaNetworks(WLAN)are
implementedasanextensiontowiredLANswithin
abuildingandcanprovidethefinalfewmetersof
connectivitybetweenawirednetworkandthe
mobileuser.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WLAN

WLANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablishwireless
connectionswithinalocalarea(forexample,withina
corporateorcampusbuilding,orinapublicspace,suchas
anairport).WLANscanbeusedintemporaryofficesor
otherspaceswheretheinstallationofextensivecabling
wouldbeprohibitive,ortosupplementanexistingLANso
thatuserscanworkatdifferentlocationswithinabuilding
atdifferenttimes.

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Type of Wireless Network : WPAN

WPANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablishadhoc,
wirelesscommunicationsfordevices(suchasPDAs,
cellularphones,orlaptops)thatareusedwithina
personaloperatingspace(POS).
APOSisthespacesurroundingaperson,uptoa
distanceof10meters.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application

Voiceandmessaging,
HandheldandotherInternetenabled
devices,and
DataNetworking.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Voiceandmessaging,
Cellphones,pagers.
analogordigitalstandards

TheanalogstandardistheAdvanced
MobilePhoneService(AMPS).
DigitalstandardsareGlobalSystemfor
MobileCommunications(GSM),
TimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA),or
CodeDivisionMultipleAccess(CDMA).
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
HandheldandotherInternetenableddevices
InternetenabledcellphonesandPersonalDigitalAssistants
(PDAs)canconnecttotheInternetacrossadigitalwireless
network.
UsesWirelessApplicationProtocol(WAP),andWML(Wireless
MarkupLanguage)

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
HandheldandotherInternetenableddevices
themajorityofcurrentInternetcontentisnotoptimizedfor
thesedevices;presently,onlyemail,stockquotes,news,
messages,andsimpletransactionorientedservicesare
available.
Otherlimitationsincludelowbandwidth(lessthan14Kbps),
lowqualityofservice,highcost,theneedforadditional
equipment,andhighutilizationofdevices'batterypower.
Nevertheless,thistypeofwirelesstechnologyisgrowing
rapidlywithbetterandmoreinteroperableproducts.
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.

InfraRed
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
broadbandwireless.
Bluetooth,
WiMax

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InfraredDataTransmission
IrDA(InfraredDataAssociation)isanindustrystandardfor
wirelesscommunicationwithinfraredlight.(NonRF)
ManylaptopssoldtodayareequippedwithanIrDA
compatibletransceiverthatenablescommunicationwith
otherdevices,suchasprinters,modems,LANs,orother
laptops.Thetransferspeedrangesfrom2400 bpsto4 Mbps.
Requireslineofsighttransmission

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Bluetooth isanindustrialspecificationforwireless
personalareanetworks (PANs).
Designedforveryshortrange<10m
connectandexchangeinformationbetweendevices
suchasmobilephones,laptops,PCs,printers,digital
cameras andvideogameconsoles overasecure,
globallyunlicensedshortrangeradiofrequency.
Frequency2.4GHz,
Dataspeedupto3Mbps
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QawYoignHI

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WiFi theunderlyingtechnologyofwireless localarea
networks (WLAN)
basedontheIEEE802.11 specifications.
usedformobilecomputingdevices,suchaslaptops,
inLANs,increasinglyusedformoreservices,including
Internet andVoIP phoneaccess,gaming,andbasic
connectivityofconsumerelectronics suchas
televisions andDVDplayers,ordigitalcameras
Frequency2.4GHz
Range100300feet(indoor)300900feet(outdoor)

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WiMax
Toextendtherangeofwirelessnetwork

Speeduptto70Mbps
Range30miles
Providesaccesstointernetaccesstofixedlocation
withlargercoverage

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Broadbandwirelessaccess isatechnologyaimedat
providinghighspeedwireless accessoverawide
areafromdevicessuchaspersonalcomputersto
datanetworks.Accordingtothe802.162004
standard,broadbandmeans'havinginstantaneous
bandwidth greaterthanaround1MHz and
supportingdataratesgreaterthanabout1.5Mbit/s'.
Itisplannedtobeusedinthenextfewyearsandis
estimatedtohavearangeof50km(30miles).

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RANGKAIAN TANPA WAYAR

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

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Cellularsystems
0G
1G
2G
3G
4G

Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
1G
1Gisshortforfirstgenerationwirelesstelephone
technology.Thisgenerationofphonesandnetworksis
representedbythebricksizedanalogphones
introducedinthe1980s.Subsequentnumbersrefer
tonewerandupcomingtechnology.

Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
2G
2Gphonesusedigitalnetworks.Goingalldigitalallowedfor
theintroductionofdigitaldataservices,suchasSMSand
email.2Gnetworksandtheirdigitalnaturealsomadeitmore
difficulttoeavesdroponmobilephonecalls.

Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
3G
3Gnetworksareaninbetweenstandard.3Gisseenmoreas
pre4Ginsteadofastandardofitsown.Theadvantage3G
networkshaveover2Gnetworksisspeed.3Gnetworksare
builttohandletheneedsoftodayswirelessusers.This
standardofwirelessnetworksincreasesthespeedofinternet
browsing,pictureandvideomessaging,andhandheldGPS
use.

Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
4G
4G(AKABeyond3G)isliketheothergenerationsinthatits
advantageliesinpromisedincreasedspeedsindata
transmission.Thereiscurrentlynoformaldefinitionfor4G,
butthereareobjectives.Oneoftheseobjectivesisfor4Gto
becomeafullyIPbasedsystem,muchlikemoderncomputer
networks.Thesupposedspeedsfor4Gwillbebetween100
Mbit/sand1Gbit/s.

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
WLANsarebasedontheIEEE802.11standard.
TherearethreephysicallayersforWLANs:tworadiofrequencyspecifications(RF
directsequenceandfrequencyhoppingspreadspectrum)andoneinfrared
(IR).
MostWLANsoperateinthe2.4GHzlicensefreefrequencybandandhave
throughputratesupto2Mbps.
Thenew802.11bstandardisdirectsequenceonly,andprovidesthroughput
ratesupto11Mbps.
Currentlythepredominantstandard,itiswidelysupportedbyvendorssuchas
Cisco,Lucent,Apple,etc.
Bythemiddleof2002,anewstandard,802.11a,willoperateinthe5GHz
licensefreefrequencybandandisexpectedtoprovidethroughputratesup
to54Mbps.
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)

WLANconfigurationsvaryfromsimple,independent,peertopeer
connectionsbetweenasetofPCs,tomorecomplex,intrabuilding
infrastructurenetworks.
Wirelesssolutions:
1
Apointtopointsolutionisusedtobridgebetweentwolocal
areanetworks,andtoprovideanalternativetocablebetweentwo
geographicallydistantlocations(upto30miles).
2.
Pointtomultipointsolutionsconnectseveral,separatelocations
toonesinglelocationorbuilding.
Bothpointtopointandpointtomultipointcanbebasedonthe
802.11bstandardoronmorecostlyinfraredbasedsolutionsthatcan
providethroughputratesupto622Mbps

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RANGKAIAN TANPA WAYAR

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)

TwobasiccomponentsforWLANinfrastructureconfiguration:

1.AccessPoints Anaccesspoint/basestationconnectstoaLANbymeansof
Ethernetcable.Usuallyinstalledintheceiling,accesspointsreceive,buffer,
andtransmitdatabetweentheWLANandthewirednetworkinfrastructure.A
singleaccesspointsupportsonaveragetwentyusersandhasacoverage
varyingfrom20metersinareaswithobstacles(walls,stairways,elevators)
andupto100metersinareaswithclearlineofsight.Abuildingmayrequire
severalaccesspointstoprovidecompletecoverageandallowuserstoroam
seamlesslybetweenaccesspoints.

2.WirelessClientAdapter Awirelessadapterconnectsusersviaanaccess
pointtotherestoftheLAN.AwirelessadaptercanbeaPCcardinalaptop,
anISAorPCIadapterinadesktopcomputer,orcanbefullyintegratedwithin
ahandhelddevice.

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RANGKAIAN TANPA WAYAR

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
broadbandwireless.
Bluetooth,

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
broadbandwireless.
Bluetooth,

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