Klein Catalog 1up

Table of ConTenTs
The Vision Behind Klein Steel 1-2
1-2
About Klein Steel
3-8
Processing Capabilities
9 - 14
Services
15 - 18
Structural
19 - 36
Plate
37 - 46
Grating, Flooring & Fiberglass
47 - 64
Sheets
65 - 78
Bar Stock & Alloys
79 - 102
Stainless
103 - 124
Aluminum
125 - 140
Tubing & Pipe
141 - 158
Brass, Bronze, Copper & Cast Iron
159 - 166
Glossary
167 - 170
Reference Material
171 - 242
Index
251
ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843
252
T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel

On a day in 1970, a Rochester scrap dealer by the name of Arnold Klein
forgot to lower the arms of his trucks rear-mounted loader after
making a pickup. As he drove back to the scrap yard, he was surprised
when the arms of his loader banged into the Culver Road railroad bridge.
The resulting damage was minor, but it did require the replacement of a
bent piece of steel channel.
Arnold went to every steel distributor in town, only to discover that there
was no one who could supply him with a 6-inch 18# ship and car
channel. Adding insult to injury, not one of these dealers would take the
time to order the piece for a small junkyard.
From such humble beginnings are great ideas and enterprises born!
Seeing the need for a steel wholesaler that would service customers of all
sizes and needs, Arnold Klein and his brother, Chuck, opened Klein Steel
Service a year later.
From a beginning inventory of only three truckloads stored in a
warehouse consisting of three garages, Klein Steel has grown into
four facilities in Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse and Albany, totaling over
360,000 square feet, with world-class, state-of-the-art metal processing
equipment and over 11,000 tons of inventory.
Klein Steel serves over 3,000 customers in New York, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Massachusetts, Vermont and all over the country.
As Klein Steel has evolved and grown, there has always been one
constant: the goal to provide fast, friendly and dependable service to
every customer, regardless of their size or size of their order. Thats our
history, and completely satisfied customers are our focus.
T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel
The late Arnold Klein, founder of

Klein Steel Service Inc.
Joseph Klein, Chief Executive

Officer of Klein Steel Service Inc.
Joe Klein is Chairman of Klein Steel Service Inc., which has ranked
in the Rochester Top 100 Companies numerous times since 1995. He
has helped grow Klein Steel into the regions premier metal service
center with six locations throughout New York and customers across the
country. Joe is the founder of North American Steel Alliance, a
co-operative of independent metal service centers in North America. He
was selected as the Rochester Business Person of The Year in 2006 and
has recently been named to the Rochester Business Hall of Fame.
Joe is an outspoken advocate for public education, job growth in New
York State, and laws that support small business. He currently serves
on the boards of the Center for Governmental Research, Jewish Family
Service of Rochester, F.R.E.E. Partnerships, and is Treasurer of the True
North Rochester Prep Charter School. He has also been active with
Frank Fowler Dow School 52 as a P.E.N.C.I.L. partner, collaboration
between local businesses and area schools. Joe holds an undergraduate
degree in Biology from Syracuse University. In May 2011, Joe
graduated from Harvard University with a Masters in education with a
concentration in Education Policy and Management.
Klein Steel Service locationS

rocheSter/SyracuSe
Klein Steel Service Inc.
105 Vanguard Parkway
Rochester, NY 14606
Phone: (585) 328-4000

(800) 477-6789
Fax:
(585) 328-0470
buffalo
Klein Steel of Western New York
1050 Military Road
Buffalo, NY 14217
Phone: (716) 826-6060

(877) 449-5059
Fax:
(716) 826-6743
albany
Klein Steel of Albany
PO Box 3713
Albany, NY 12203
Phone: (518) 326-3232

(877) 847-1843
Fax:
(518) 326-1694
Klein Steel Direct

www.kleinsteeldirect.com
Klein Steel Direct-Rochester
Klein Steel Direct-Buffalo
Klein Steel Direct-Syracuse
1029 Lyell Avenue

Rochester, NY 14606
1050 Military Road

Buffalo, NY 14217
Salina Industrial Powerpark

1 General Motors Drive
Syracuse, NY 13206
Phone: (585) 458-8100

Fax: (585) 458-9119
Phone: (716) 825-9331

Fax: (716) 826-6386
Phone: (315) 454-3165

Fax: (315) 454-3645
K lein s Teel - r ochesTer
K lein s Teel - B uffalo

N
Kenmore Av
e.
190
io
tar
St
Grant St.
Exit 21
490
Exit 11
Scajaquada Exp. (198)
90
Amherst St.
33
Exit 51W
d irecTions
d irecTions
From the south and east:

Exit 390N/490W at Lyell Avenue (Exit 21)
Right onto Lyell Avenue
Quick left onto Lee Road at the first light
Right onto Emerson Street
Right onto Vanguard Parkway
From the south:

Exit 190N at Scajaquada Expressway/
198E (Exit 11)
Exit 198E at Grant Street toward
Buffalo State College
Left onto Grant Street
Slight right onto Military Road/265
From the west:

490E to 390N
Exit 390N at Lexington Avenue (Exit 22)
Right onto Lexington Avenue
Right onto Lee Road
Left onto Emerson Street
E
S
Kenmore Ave.
On
Lyell Avenue
Lee Road
390
Exit 15
Delaware Ave
Emerson Street
.
Elmwood Ave
Vanguard Parkway
Grand Island Blvd. (324)
Niagara Falls Blvd.
E
S
290
Lexington Avenue
Military Rd.
Exit 22
Mt. Read Boulevard
From the east:

Exit 90W onto Kensington Expressway/
33W toward Buffalo (Exit 51W)
Merge onto Scajaquada Expressway/198W
Exit 198W at Grant Street toward
Buffalo State College
Right onto Grant Street
Slight right onto Military Road/265
From the north:

Exit 390S at Lexington Avenue
(Exit 22)
Merge onto Lexington Avenue
Right onto Lee Road
Left onto Emerson Street
From the north:

Exit 190S at Kenmore Avenue toward
Sheridan Drive/324 (Exit 15)
Right onto Kenmore Avenue/189
Right onto Grand Island Boulevard/324
Right onto Military Road/265
K lein s Teel T oday & T oMorrow
M eTal
wiTh a
M ission
Klein Steel strives to be the premier supplier of metals by providing

solutions to meet our partners needs. We attract and engage the best
teammates, suppliers, and customers while embracing innovation and
continuous process improvement.
K lein s Teel i nTenT

We will achieve profitable growth by creating value for our stakeholders,
teammates, suppliers and customers.
Success is defined as:
1. living within the framework of our core values;
2. being best in class with respect to safety, accuracy, quality, on-time
delivery, and productivity;
3. continuing to build an enduring, team member-eccentric organization;
4. listening to and acting on our stakeholders input;
5. implementing a stradegy of geographic expansion;
6. streamlining our processes to be leaner and more effective;
7. and, growing stronger for the success of our stakeholders.
KLEIN STEEL VALUES

ACCOUNTABILITY: We believe in delegation of

responsibilities and taking ownership of our actions.

CANDOR: We value the positive contributions of every team
member and welcome open and honest discussions of questions
and concerns.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: We move mountains to meet
our commitmentswe do it right the first time.

DEPENDABILITY: We are prompt, on time, and keep our
promises.

DIGNITY AND RESPECT: We honor and take care of one
another.

DISCIPLINE: We do the harder right rather than the easier
wrong.

INTEGRITY: Integrity is non-negotiablewe always do the
right thing.

SAFETY: Great companies do not have accidentsno one gets
injured on my shift!

SHARING OF INFORMATION: We continually learn and
empower each other with open communicationwho else
needs to know?

TEAMWORK: the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
o ur c ulTure

We are serious about safety - accidents are not an option

We are guided by our mission and intent

We live our core values

We value initiative and learn from our mistakes

We share our profits

We are a team member-centric organization, defined by:
- a shared destiny
- decentralization and empowerment
- high expectations, recognition, and reward for performance
and results
K lein S teel t oday & t omorrow
Klein Steel recognizes that its success is directly tied to that of its
customers. We strive to partner with our customers, both large and small,
to reduce our collective costs and improve the system of processing and
distributing metals.
To that end, we have invested in a Processing Center of Excellence
with our customers needs and core competencies in mind. In addition to
our existing processing capabilities, this state-of-the-art center, including
a 57,000 square foot expansion to our Rochester division, houses two
Bystronic lasers, two Flow International dynamic waterjets, an Okuma
lathe, five plasma tables, KASTO automatic miter saw and bevel cutting.
Such cutting-edge technologies have created exciting new possibilities in
customization from Klein.
On the following pages you will find the capabilities of our processing
centers, each designed to save you time, increase your efficiency and
compliment your processing abilities. It is this dedication that truly
makes us stronger, for your success.
T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

P rocessing c aPaBiliTies
laSer
6 KW Bystronic Bystar 3015 Laser
5.2KW Bystronic Bystar 3015 Laser
Cutting up to 7/8" carbon steel, 3/4" stainless steel and 3/8" aluminum
Cutting range up to 5' wide x 10' long
Rotary axis cutting capabilities, allowing us to laser-cut the surface of tubes
waterJet
87,000 psi Flow 6024 & 6012 Dynamic Waterjet
Capable of cutting any material up to 6
Cutting ranges:
6024 - Dual 6 x 12 long cutting zones
6012 - Single 6 x 12 long cutting zone
Rotary axis cutting capabilities
Plate burning & PlaSma cutting

6 burn tables
Oxy-Fuel burning up to 8" carbon steel
Plasma burning up to 1 3/4" stainless steel/carbon and 1 aluminum
High-Definition and High Performance

P rocessing c aPaBiliTies
PlaSma contour bevel Station
Positive bevel angle of 45; negative bevel angle of 40
Bevel on material up to 1 carbon and stainless steel
Sawing
12 saws across New York State
Flat cutting range up to 42" wide x 21" high
Round cutting range of 1/4" to 20" diameter
miter cutting
2 automatic miter-cut saws
Cutting range 90 round: 18"
Cutting range 90 flat: 18" wide x 23" high
Cutting range -60 round: 11"
Cutting range -60 flat: 18" wide x 11" high
10

P rocessing c aPabiliTies
Shearing
3 shears capable of cutting 26 ga 1/2" mild steel, 3/8" aluminum
and 1/4" stainless steel
Cutting range up to 12' wide and 14 long
Machining center (Drilling, Milling, tapping,

KeyeD ShaftS, etc.)
Haas GR-712
o 84 x 144 cutting zone
o High torque spindle
o Renishaw electric probing
Milltronics RH30
o 60 x 30 cutting zone
o 28 Z travel
Okuma Lathe V80RM
o Working area: 30 diameter, 30 height
o 60 horsepower
o Live tooling
11

K asTo a uToMaTic s Torage & r eTrieVal s ysTeM
Klein Steel maintains the regions most extensive stock list with our
state-of-the-art KASTO automatic storage and retrieval system. It has a
23 million pound capacity with two storage stacks and 2,350 cassettes.
Each individual cassette accommodates 5-1/2 tons of material up to 26
feet long. All material is tracked by heat number, material type, size,
country of origin, material grade and ID#.
Because Klein Steels inventory system is fully incorporated into the
Kasto Storage and Retrieval system, we are able to maintain better than
99% heat traceability. The Kasto area was expanded in 2008 with additional space to accommodate 1,700 more cassettes and a fully integrated Kasto automatic sawing system without a further extension to the
warehouse.
12
c erTified K lein s Teel

All orders from Klein Steel are held to the highest standard. We have
developed our quality control program, appropriately named Certified
Klein Steel, or CKS, to ensure we consistently deliver the day to
completely satisfied customers.
CKS procedures begin well before customers order their materials, with
our purchasing and receiving departments. We partner with world-class
mills and metal providers to accept only top quality prime material
into our inventory.
When customers order their materials, we ensure our salespeople will be
knowledgeable, friendly and able to assist in any way. We pride ourselves
in knowing our product and processing capabilities. Furthermore, we
realize the importance of turning quotes around quickly.
Following the placement of an order, a series of checks and balances
ensure materials are processed to exact specifications. This includes
precise tolerances and finishing requirements. Finally, CKS encompasses
the proper marking, packaging, and delivery of orders, on time, the way
we would expect to receive it ourselves.
13
14
Cert to Web Access Capabilities

Customers have access to an online database that provides the ability to
review, print and save any of their Mill Test Reports (MTRs) of their
shipped material using their Purchase Order, Work Order or Invoice.
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)
The Klein Steel Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Program for
Strategic Partners builds new business models that focus on supply
chain systems and processes, rather than traditional price commodity
purchasing. Our proven CPI program dramatically reduces costs and
increases productivity for our Strategic Partners, which better positions
them to compete in the global economy. The end result is increased business
opportunities for both the Strategic Partner and Klein Steel.
Engineering Services:
Education and Process Improvement (CPI, tours, machine capabilities)
Lead Time Estimation (How long does it take to make the part?)
Outside the box thinking about customers parts and processes
Part Design (Help with customers ideas)
Process Selection (What processing machine is needed to make the part?)
Kanban:
A scheduling system associated with LEAN production with specific
customer requirements. The concept identifies what, when and how much to
produce a certain product for the customer. A customers purchasing history
and quantity information is needed in order to establish a Kanban.
Kitting:
The bringing together of different multiple parts that come from multiple
processes within the Manufacturing warehouse. Kitting is similar to a Bill of
Material with a list of random parts. We can provide all different pieces in
the quantities you requested in one bucket/skid.
LEAN
A production method based on increasing efficiency, optimizing the flow of
production and eliminating waste.
Vendor Management Inventory (VMI):
An agreement between Klein and the customer to maintain the customers
inventory levels within our warehouse. The manufacturer has access to
the distributors inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase
orders.
15
creDit
1/2% 10 Days Net 30 Days. The discount does not apply to tax or freight
and does not apply to payments made with a credit card. We accept
Master Card, Visa, American Express and Discover. We do not accept
third party or starter checks. Interest may be charged and/or orders held
on all past due accounts. There is a $25.00 returned check fee.
16
Klein Steel Service inc.

return Policy
Klein Steel Service Inc. is commited to ensuring you receive a quality on
time product. If we make an error with your order, we will work to make
it right, quickly and in the most customer conscience way possible. To
initiate a return request:
Contact your Inside Sales Team Member either by phone or email
within 15 business days of delivery of the material. If you do not
know the name or contact information for your Inside Sales Team
Member, phone 585-328-4000 and you will be directed to the
proper person.
When you place an order with us, please ensure that the sizes, quantities,
materials, packing and shipping requirements are correct. In addition,
please retain your order confirmation for your records until your order is
properly received at your facility.
If you ordered the wrong material, we understand - we will work with
you to return the material and help you decide on the best replacement
material for your needs:
Stock Material can be returned if it is in original condition. In this
case, the standard Klein Steel Restock Fee will be incurred and your
account will be adjusted appropriately.
Non Stock Material will be evaluated on a case by case basis. If
the material can be returned, a special Klein Steel Vendor Restock
Fee will be added to the standard Klein Steel Restock Fee and your
account will be adjusted appropriately.
Processed Material that has been processed correctly cannot be
returned; call us anyway - we want to know and may be able to
assist you in correcting the problem.
If we made a mistake, we will work quickly to correct the error:
We will identify the problem and expedite the correct material to
you.
We will remove the non-conforming material from your facility in
a timely manner.
We will adjust your account appropriately.
All requests for return of material must be initiated within 15 business days of
delivery of material.
17
18
Structural Quality Steel

A36
The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabrication. It is often used for bolted, riveted and welded applications.
A709 (Grade 36)
A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted or riveted
construction of bridges and buildings. Most material is certified to bridge
specification.
Structural Steel Alloy

A992
A structural steel alloy used as the industry standard for all structural
wide-flange beams (previously known as I-beams). This is the preferred
material specification for wide-flange shapes having replaced ASTM A36
and A572 grade 50. Material ductility is well defined and weldability is
improved.
High Strength Low Allow (HSLA)

A 572 (Grade 50)
A commonly used high strength, low alloy steel that allows for reduced
section thickness and weight in fabrication. It is weldable and moderately
formable.
A709 (Grade 50)
It is an alloy steel and thus tougher to machine than ordinary plain carbon
steel. Machinability of Grade 50 steel is fair. Grade 50 behaves similar to
AISI 8615 alloy steel in regard to machining.
Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel)

A588
Initially corrodes when exposed to atmospheric elements, creating a protective layer against further oxidation. It is high strength, weldable and
formable, and particularly useful when lighter weight and high durability are needed. Please note, A588 is not recommended for applications
exposed to salt water or salt air.
19
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
A - Flange Length 1 (in.)
B - Flange Length 2 (in.)
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
bar Size angle

20 ft. stock lengths
ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min.
(A) Flange x (B) Flange x (C) Thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8
.38
5/8 x 5/8 x 1/8
.48
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8
.59
1 x 3/4 x 1/8
.70
1 x 1 x 1/8
.80
1 x 1 x 3/16
1.16
1 x 1 x 1/4
1.49
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8
1.01
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 3/16
1.48
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/4
1.92
1-3/8 x 7/8 x 1/8
.91
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8
1.23
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
1.80
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
2.34
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/8
3.35
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/8
1.44
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 3/16
2.12
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/4
2.77
20
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
bar Size angle

(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
2 x 1-1/4 x 3/16
1.96
2 x 1-1/4 x 1/4
2.55
2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
2.12
2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
2.77
2 x 2 x 1/8
1.65
2 x 2 x 3/16
2.44
2 x 2 x 1/4
3.20
2 x 2 x 5/16
3.92
2 x 2 x 3/8
4.70
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
2.44
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
3.20
2-1/2 x 2 x 3/16
2.75
2-1/2 x 2 x 1/4
3.62
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16
3.07
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4
4.10
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 5/16
5.00
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/8
5.90
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/2
7.70
21
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
Structural angle 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
3 x 2 x 3/16
3.10
3 x 2 x 1/4
4.10
3 x 2 x 5/16
5.00
3 x 2 x 3/8
5.90
3 x 2 x 1/2
7.70
3 x 2-1/2 x 1/4
4.50
3 x 2-1/2 x 5/16
5.60
3 x 2-1/2 x 3/8
6.60
3 x 2-1/2 x 1/2
8.50
3 x 3 x 3/16
3.71
3 x 3 x 1/4
4.90
3 x 3 x 5/16
6.10
3 x 3 x 3/8
7.20
3 x 3 x 1/2
9.40
3-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4
4.90
3-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/8
7.20
3-1/2 x 3 x 1/4
5.40
3-1/2 x 3 x 5/16
6.60
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/4
5.80
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 5/16
7.20
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 3/8
8.50
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/2
11.10
4 x 3 x 1/4
5.80
22
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
C
Structural angle
20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(in. x in. x in.)
4 x 3 x 5/16
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
7.20
4 x 3 x 3/8
8.50
4 x 3 x 1/2
11.10
4 x 3-1/2 x 1/4
6.20
4 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 **
7.70
4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8
9.10
4 x 4 x 1/4
6.60
4 x 4 x 5/16
8.20
4 x 4 x 3/8
9.80
4 x 4 x 1/2
12.80
4 x 4 x 3/4
18.50
5 x 3 x 1/4
6.60
5 x 3 x 5/16
8.20
5 x 3 x 3/8
9.80
5 x 3 x 1/2
12.80
5 x 3-1/2 x 1/4
7.00
5 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 **
8.70
5 x 3-1/2 x 3/8
10.40
5 x 3-1/2 x 1/2
13.60
5 x 5 x 5/16
10.30
5 x 5 x 3/8
12.30
5 x 5 x 1/2
16.20
** Lentel Angles
23
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
Structural angle 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
5 x 5 x 5/8
20.00
5 x 5 x 3/4
23.60
6 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 **
9.80
6 x 3-1/2 x 3/8
11.70
6 x 3-1/2 x 1/2
15.30
6 x 4 x 5/16
10.30
6 x 4 x 3/8
12.30
6 x 4 x 1/2
16.20
6 x 4 x 3/4
23.60
6 x 6 x 3/8
14.90
6 x 6 x 1/2
19.60
7 x 4 x 3/8
13.60
7 x 4 x 1/2
17.90
8 x 4 x 1/2
19.60
8 x 4 x 3/4
28.70
8 x 4 x 1
37.40
8 x 6 x 1/2
23.00
8 x 6 x 3/4
33.80
8 x 8 x 1/2
26.40
8 x 8 x 3/4
38.90
8 x 8 x 1
51.00
9 x 4 x 1/2*
22.90
* Cut from channel; not a rolled section.

** Lentel Angles
24
galvanizeD angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
galvanizeD angle

(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1 x 1 x 1/8
.88
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8
1.35
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
1.95
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
2.56
2 x 2 x 1/8
1.82
2 x 2 x 3/16
2.68
2 x 2 x 1/4
3.52
2 x 2 x 3/8
5.17
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16
3.38
3 x 3 x 1/4
5.39
3 x 3 x 3/8
7.92
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 5/16
7.92
4 x 3-1/2 x 5/16
8.47
4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8
10.01
4 x 4 x 1/4
7.00
4 x 4 x 3/8
10.75
5 x 3-1/2 x 5/16
9.57
5 x 5 x 3/8
13.53
6 x 3-1/2 x 5/16
10.78
6 x 4 x 3/8
13.53
6 x 6 x 3/8
16.39
7 x 4 x 3/8
14.96
25
Steel wiDe flange beam

C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
B - Web Thickness (in.)
C - Flange Width (in.)
D - Flange Thickness (in.)
A
D
B
ASTM A572/992 Grade 50 Tensile Strength: 50-65 ksi Yield Point: 65 min.
Beam Sizes
(A) Depth in
inches
(B) Web
(C) Flange
thickness (in.) width (in.)
4 x 13#
4.160
.280
(D) Flange
thickness (in.)
4.060
0.345
5 x 16#
5.010
.240
5.000
0.360
5 x 19#
5.150
.270
5.030
0.430
6 x 9#
5.900
.170
3.940
0.215
6 x 12#
6.030
.230
4.000
0.280
6 x 15#
5.990
.230
5.990
0.260
6 x 16#
6.280
.260
4.030
0.405
6 x 20#
6.200
.260
6.020
0.365
6 x 25#
6.380
.320
6.080
0.455
8 x 10#
7.890
.170
3.940
0.205
8 x 13#
7.990
.230
4.000
0.255
8 x 15#
8.110
.245
4.015
0.315
8 x 18#
8.140
.230
5.250
0.330
8 x 21#
8.280
.250
5.270
0.400
8 x 24#
7.930
.245
6.495
0.400
8 x 28#
8.060
.285
6.535
0.400
8 x 31#
8.000
.285
7.995
0.435
8 x 35#
8.120
.310
8.020
0.495
8 x 40#
8.250
.360
8.070
0.560
8 x 48#
8.500
.400
8.110
0.685
26

C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
A
D
B
Beam Sizes
(A) Depth in
inches
(B) Web
thickness (in.)
(C) Flange
width (in.)
(D) Flange
thickness (in.)
10 x 12#
9.870
.190
3.960
.210
10 x 15#
9.990
.230
4.000
.270
10 x 19#
10.240
.250
4.020
.395
10 x 22#
10.170
.240
5.750
.360
10 x 26#
10.330
.260
5.770
.440
10 x 30#
10.470
.300
5.810
.510
10 x 33#
9.730
.290
7.960
.435
10 x 39#
9.920
.315
7.985
.530
10 x 45#
10.100
.350
8.020
.620
10 x 49#
9.980
.340
10.000
.560
10 x 60#
10.220
.420
10.080
.680
12 x 14#
11.910
.200
3.970
.225
12 x 16#
11.990
.220
3.990
.265
12 x 19#
12.160
.235
4.005
.350
12 x 22#
12.310
.260
4.030
.425
12 x 26#
12.220
.230
6.490
.380
12 x 30#
12.340
.260
6.520
.440
12 x 35#
12.500
.300
6.560
.520
27

C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
A
D
B
Beam Sizes
(A) Depth in
inches
(B) Web
thickness (in.)
(C) Flange
width (in.)
(D) Flange
thickness (in.)
12 x 40#
11.940
.295
8.005
.515
12 x 50#
12.190
.370
8.080
.640
12 x 58#
12.190
.360
10.010
.640
12 x 65#
12.120
.390
12.000
.605
14 x 22#
13.740
.230
5.000
.335
14 x 26#
13.910
.255
5.025
.420
14 x 30#
13.840
.270
6.730
.385
14 x 34#
13.980
.285
6.745
.455
14 x 43#
13.660
.305
7.995
.530
14 x 48#
13.790
.340
8.030
.595
16 x 26#
15.690
.250
5.500
.345
16 x 31#
15.880
.275
5.525
.440
16 x 36#
15.860
.295
6.985
.430
16 x 40#
16.010
.305
6.995
.505
18 x 35#
17.700
.300
6.000
.425
18 x 40#
17.900
.315
6.015
.525
18 x 50#
17.990
.355
7.495
.570
21 x 44#
20.660
.350
6.500
.450
24 x 55#
23.570
.395
7.005
.505
28
Steel StanDarD beam (i beam)

C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
A
D
B
Steel StanDarD beam (i beam)

(A) Depth in Inches
(B) Web
(C) Flange
thickness (in.) width (in.)
(D) Flange
thickness (in.)
3 x 5.7#
.170
2.330
.260
3 x 7.5#
.349
2.509
.260
4 x 7.7#
.193
2.663
.293
4 x 9.5#
.326
2.796
.293
5 x 10.0#
.214
3.004
.326
6 x 12.5#
.232
3.332
.359
6 x 17.25#
.465
3.565
.359
8 x 18.4#
.271
4.001
.425
8 x 23.0#
.441
4.171
.425
10 x 25.4#
.311
4.661
.491
10 x 35.0#
.594
4.944
.491
12 x 31.8#
.350
5.000
.544
15 x 42.9#
.411
5.501
.622
29
Steel channel
B
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)

bar Size channel
(A) Depth x (C) Flange width x (B) Web thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1 x 1/2 x 1/8
.84
1-1/4 x 1/2 x 1/8
1.01
1-1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8
1.12
1-1/2 x 3/4 x 1/8
1.17
2 x 1/2 x 1/8
1.43
2 x 5/8 x 1/4
2.28
2 x 1 x 1/8
1.59
2 x 1 x 3/16
2.32
2-1/2 x 5/8 x 3/16
2.27
StanDarD Size channel

(A) Depth x Weight
per ft. (in. x lb./ft.)
(B)Web
thickness (in.)
(C) Flange width

(in.)
3 x 4.1#
.170
1.410
3 x 5.0#
.258
1.498
3 x 6.0#
.356
1.596
4 x 5.4#
.184
1.584
4 x 6.25#
.247
1.647
4 x 7.25#
.321
1.721
5 x 6.7#
.190
1.750
5 x 9.0#
.325
1.885
30
Steel channel
B
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)

StanDarD Size channel
(A) Depth x Weight
(B) Web
thickness (in.)
(C) Flange width (in.)
6 x 8.2#
.200
1.920
6 x 10.5#
.314
2.034
6 x 13.0#
.437
2.157
7 x 9.8#
.210
2.090
7 x 12.25#
.314
2.194
7 x 14.75#
.419
2.299
8 x 11.5#
.220
2.260
8 x 13.75#
.303
2.343
8 x 18.75#
.487
2.527
9 x 13.4#
.233
2.433
9 x 20.0#
.448
2.648
10 x 15.3#
.240
2.600
10 x 20.0#
.379
2.739
10 x 25.0#
.526
2.886
10 x 30.0#
.673
3.033
12 x 20.7#
.282
2.942
12 x 25.0#
.387
3.047
12 x 30.0#
.510
3.170
15 x 33.9#
.400
3.400
15 x 40.0#
.520
3.520
15 x 50.0#
.716
3.716
31
galvanizeD channel
B
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
galvanizeD channel

(A) Depth x Weight
(B) Web
thickness (in.)
(C) Flange
width (in.)
(D) Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
3 x 4.1#
.170
1.410
4.51
4 x 5.4#
.184
1.584
5.94
4 x 6.25#
.247
1.647
7.95
6 x 8.2#
.200
1.920
9.02
6 x 10.5#
.314
2.034
11.53
8 x 11.5#
.220
2.260
12.65
8 x 13.75#
.303
2.343
15.12
8 x 18.75#
.487
2.527
18.75
10 x 15.3#
.240
2.600
17.00
10 x 20.0#
.379
2.739
20.00
12 x 25.0#
.387
3.047
25.00
Galvanized structural channel is available upon request.
32
Steel channel
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
Junior channel
(A) Depth x Weight per ft.
(in. x lb./ft.)
(B) Web thickness

(in.)
(C) Flange width

(in.)
8 x 8.5#
.180
1.875
10 x 8.4#
.170
1.500
12 x 10.6#
.190
1.500
ShiP & car channel

(A) Depth x Weight per ft.
(in. x lb./ft.)
(B) Web thickness

(in.)
(C) Flange width

(in.)
3 x 7.1#
.312
1.938
4 x 13.8#
.500
2.500
6 x 12.0#
.310
2.497
6 x 15.3#
.340
3.500
6 x 16.3#
.375
3.000
6 x 18.0#
.379
3.504
7 x 19.1#
.352
3.452
7 x 22.7#
.503
3.603
8 x 18.7#
.353
2.978
8 x 20.0#
.400
3.025
8 x 22.8#
.427
3.502
10 x 22
.290
3.315
10 x 28.5
.425
3.95
10 x 33.6
.575
4.10
12 x 31.0#
.370
3.670
12 x 35.0#
.467
3.767
13 x 31.8#
.375
4.000
13 x 50.0#
.787
4.412
18 x 45.8#
.450
3.950
33
Steel tee bar

A
Tee Bar Dimensions:

A - Flange (in.)
B - Web (in.)
C - Web Thickness (in.)
Steel tee bar

(A) Flange x (B) Web x (C) Web thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8
.70
1 x 1 x 1/8
.85
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8
1.09
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
1.90
2 x 2 x 1/4
3.62
molDeD hanDrail
A
B
D
E
molDeD hanDrail
per ft.
Designation Weight
(lb./ft.)
#1.24
Handrail Dimensions:
A - 1.6875"
B - 0.4668"
C - 0.1856"
D - 0.5469"
E - 1.0625"
Will fit:
1.24
1/2" square and 1" square
34
rebar - graDe 60
Bar #
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
#3*
.375
.376
#4
.500
.668
#5
.625
1.043
#6
.750
1.502
#7
.875
2.044
#8
1.000
2.670
#11
1.375
5.310
* Stocked in Grade 40 only.
welDeD wire meSh

Designation
60 x 120 sheet size

Weight per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
6 x 6 - 10/10 (W1.4/1.4)
.21
6 x 6 - 6/6 (W2.9/2.9)
.42
35
36
Structural Quality Steel

A36
The most common steel grade for general structural applications and
fabrication. It is often used for bolted, riveted and welded
applications.
A709 Grade 36
A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted or riveted
construction of bridges and buildings. Most material is certified to bridge
specification.
Abrasive Resistant Steel
AR235
An economical option for applications requiring longer lasting
material than hot rolled carbon steel. Offers smooth-sliding
abrasion resistance for the handling of grains, cement, sand and gravel. It
is machinable, drillable, punchable and moderately
formable.
AR360
Has higher hardness than AR235 to withstand abrasive sliding and
moderate impact. Applications often include material handling buckets,
chutes, hoppers and conveyors. It is machinable, drillable, punchable and
moderately formable.
AR400
A high strength steel with high resistance to sliding and impact abrasion.
It is a moderate cost option for mining and abrasive material handling. It
has greater formability than AR360, with the same hardness.
AR500
Offers the highest strength and through-hardness of the abrasive resistant
steels, allowing for very high abrasion and impact resistance. It is a longlasting option for liners in material handling and mining applications.
37
c arBon P laTe P roPerTies & a PPlicaTions

High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA)
A572 (Grade 50)
A commonly used high strength, low alloy steel that allows for
reduced section thickness and weight in fabrication. It is weldable
and moderately formable.
A709 Grade 50
It is an alloy steel and thus tougher to machine than ordinary plain carbon
steel. Machinability of Grade 50 steel is fair. Grade 50 behaves similar
to AISI 8615 alloy steel in regard to machining.
Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel)

A588
Initially corrodes when exposed to atmospheric elements,
creating a protective layer against further oxidation. It is high
strength, weldable and formable, and particularly useful when
lighter weight and high durability are needed. Please note, A588 is
not recommended for applications exposed to salt water or salt air.
Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ)
A516 (Grade 70)
Manufactured to strict specifications to endure high pressures and
improve notch toughness. It is weldable and fine-grained to
withstand extreme temperatures.
Diamond Tread Plate
A786 Diamond Plate
Diamond tread plate is designed with 4-way raised lugs, providing

traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring
in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water. It
is also available in stainless steel and aluminum.
38
hot rolleD Plate

ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58/80 ksi* Yield Point: 36 ksi min.
Thickness Width x Length
(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/16
24 x 48
7.66
3/16
36 x 96
7.66
3/16
48 x 48
7.66
3/16
48 x 96
7.66
3/16
48 x 120
7.66
3/16
60 x 96
7.66
3/16
60 x 120
7.66
3/16
60 x 144
7.66
3/16
72 x 120
7.66
3/16
72 x 240
7.66
3/16
96 x 240
7.66
1/4
24 x 48
10.21
1/4
36 x 96
10.21
1/4
36 x 120
10.21
1/4
48 x 48
10.21
1/4
48 x 96
10.21
1/4
48 x 120
10.21
1/4
48 x 144
10.21
1/4
60 x 96
10.21
1/4
60 x 120
10.21
1/4
72 x 120
10.21
1/4
72 x 144
10.21
1/4
72 x 240
10.21
1/4
96 x 240
10.21
5/16
48 x 96
12.76
5/16
48 x 120
12.76
5/16
60 x 120
12.76
5/16
96 x 240
12.76
3/8
24 x 48
15.32
3/8
36 x 96
15.32
* Depending on thickness of material.

39
hot rolleD Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
3/8
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft2)
48 x 48
15.32
3/8
48 x 96
15.32
3/8
48 x 120
15.32
3/8
60 x 96
15.32
3/8
60 x 120
15.32
3/8
72 x 120
15.32
3/8
72 x 240
15.32
3/8
96 x 240
15.32
7/16
48 x 96
17.85
7/16
96 x 240
17.85
1/2
24 x 48
20.42
1/2
48 x 48
20.42
1/2
48 x 96
20.42
1/2
48 x 120
20.42
1/2
60 x 120
20.42
1/2
72 x 120
20.42
1/2
72 x 240
20.42
1/2
96 x 240
20.42
1/2
120 x 240
20.42
5/8
48 x 48
25.53
5/8
48 x 96
25.53
5/8
48 x 120
25.53
5/8
60 x 120
25.53
5/8
72 x 120
25.53
5/8
96 x 240
25.53
5/8
120 x 240
25.53
3/4
48 x 48
30.63
3/4
48 x 96
30.63
3/4
48 x 120
30.63
40
hot rolleD Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
3/4
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
60 x 120
30.63
3/4
72 x 120
30.63
3/4
96 x 240
30.63
3/4
120 x 240
30.63
7/8
48 x 96
35.74
7/8
96 x 240
35.74
48 x 48
40.84
48 x 96
40.84
48 x 120
40.84
60 x 120
40.84
96 x 240
40.84
120 x 240
40.84
1-1/8
48 x 96
45.95
1-1/8
96 x 240
45.95
1-1/4
48 x 48
51.05
1-1/4
48 x 96
51.05
1-1/4
96 x 240
51.05
1-3/8
48 x 96
56.16
1-3/8
96 x 240
56.16
1-1/2
48 x 48
61.26
1-1/2
48 x 96
61.26
1-1/2
96 x 240
61.26
1-5/8
48 x 96
66.37
1-5/8
96 x 240
66.37
1-3/4
96 x 240
71.47
1-7/8
96 x 240
76.58
48 x 96
81.68
96 x 240
81.68
2-1/4
96 x 240
91.89
2-1/2
48 x 120
102.10

41
hot rolleD Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
2-1/2
60 x 120
102.10
2-1/2
96 x 240
102.10
2-3/4
48 x 96
112.30
2-3/4
96 x 240
112.30
60 x 120
122.50
96 x 240
122.50
3-1/2
48 x 96
142.90
3-1/2
96 x 240
142.90
48 x 96
163.40
60 x 120
163.40
96 x 240
163.40
48 x 96
204.20
96 x 240
204.20
48 x 96
245.00
96 x 240
245.00
48 x 96
326.70
96 x 240
326.70
hot rolleD PicKleD & oileD Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
3/16
48 x 96
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
7.66
1/4
48 x 120
10.21
1/4
48 x 144
10.21
3/8
48 x 120
15.32
3/8
60 x 120
15.32
1/2
48 x 120
20.42
42
abraSive reSiStant Plate

ar235 Brinnell Hardness: 200/250 AR400 Brinnell Hardness: 400 nominal
AR360 Brinnell Hardness: 360 min. AR500 Brinnell Hardness: 500 nominal
Thickness
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/16
48 x 96
7.66
3/16
96 x 288
7.66
1/4
48 x 96
10.35
1/4
96 x 288
10.35
3/8
48 x 96
15.32
3/8
96 x 288
15.32
1/2
48 x 96
20.42
1/2
96 x 288
20.42
3/4
48 x 96
30.63
3/4
96 x 240
30.63
48 x 96
40.84
* Also stock in formable grade.
high Strength low alloy (hSla) Plate

corroSion reSiStant Plate
Thickness
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/16
96 x 240
7.66
1/4
96 x 240
10.21
3/8
96 x 240
15.32
1/2
96 x 240
20.42
5/8
96 x 240
25.53
3/4
96 x 240
30.63
7/8
96 x 240
35.74
96 x 240
40.84
1-1/4
96 x 240
51.05
1-1/2
96 x 240
61.26
1-5/8
96 x 240
66.37
1-3/4
96 x 240
71.47
96 x 240
81.68
We will custom cut to your required size.

43
PreSSure veSSel Quality (PvQ) Plate graDe

ASTM A516 Tensile Strength: 70/90 ksi Yield Point: 38 ksi min.
(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
1/4
96 x 240
10.21
5/16
96 x 240
12.76
3/8
96 x 240
15.32
1/2
96 x 240
20.42
5/8
96 x 240
25.53
3/4
96 x 240
30.63
7/8
96 x 240
35.73
96 x 240
40.84
1-1/8
96 x 240
45.95
1-1/4
96 x 240
51.05
1-3/8
96 x 240
56.16
1-1/2
96 x 240
61.26
1-3/4
96 x 240
71.47
96 x 240
81.68
2-1/2
96 x 240
102.10
96 x 240
122.50
We will custom cut to your required size.
44
70
DiamonD treaD Plate
Steel DiamonD treaD Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
14 ga.
48 x 120
3.75
12 ga.
48 x 120
5.25
1/8
48 x 96
6.16
1/8
48 x 120
6.16
1/8
60 x 120
6.16
3/16
48 x 96
8.71
3/16 HRPO
48 x 96
8.71
3/16
48 x 120
8.71
3/16
60 x 120
8.71
3/16
72 x 120
8.71
3/16
72 x 144
8.71
3/16
96 x 240
8.71
1/4
48 x 96
11.26
1/4
48 x 120
11.26
1/4
48 x 144
11.26
1/4
60 x 120
11.26
1/4
72 x 120
11.26
1/4
96 x 240
11.26
Please see page 114 for T304 stainless diamond tread plate and page 133 for
6061 and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate.
45
Steel DiamonD treaD Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/8
48 x 96
16.37
3/8
48 x 120
16.37
3/8
48 x 144
16.37
3/8
60 x 120
16.37
3/8
96 x 240
16.37
1/2
48 x 96
21.47
1/2
48 x 120
21.47
1/2
96 x 240
21.47
3/4
96 x 240
31.68
96 x 240
41.82
Please see page 114 for T304 stainless diamond tread plate and page 143 for
6061 and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate.
46
Factors to consider When ordering grating

1. Type of Grating
4. Finish
_________________________
_________________________
(welded, riveted I-bar or pressure lock)
2. Bearing Bars
_________________________
(Painted black*, galvanized or bare)
* Please note painted black refers to

a protective coating applied for transport and
should not be considered a finish coat.
(width & thickness)
Spacing
_________________________
5. Banded Trim or Structural

_________________________
(center to center)
6. Span
Surface
_________________________
_________________________
(direction of bearing bar run
measure opening of area allowing
for 1/4" clearance)
(smooth or serrated)
3. Cross Bars
_________________________ 7. Width
(twisted, smooth rod or flat)
_________________________
Size
_________________________ 8. Material
(diameter for round bar or width &
_________________________
thickness for flat bar)
(carbon, aluminum, stainless
or fiberglass)
Spacing
_________________________
(center to center)
Line-up
_________________________
(cross bars in line with one another or

random from panel to panel)
47
Welded Bar GratinG

19W4
4"
13/16"
15W2
A
B
2"
15/16"
a - BearinG Bar B - Cross Bar
2"
A
B
A B
A B
We stock welded steel bar grating, a cost-efficient and easy to install option.
The bearing bars are resistance welded to the cross bars, creating a one-piece
constructed panel. It provides a rigid and flat walking surface, most often used
for walkways, platforms, drainage covers and ventilation grates. Serrated bar
grating is available for additional slip resistance in environments requiring
secure footing.
Bar grating is available in carbon steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Those
products denoted painted black have a protective coating applied for transport,
which should not be considered a complete finish coat.
In partnership with our vendors, we will help you with the design details of your
project.
48
Welded Bar GratinG

19W4 Painted BlaCk*
Bearing Bar (in. x in.)
Panel size (in. x in.)
Thickness x Depth
Width x Length
1/8 x 1
24 x 240
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
5.00
1/8 x 1
36 x 240
5.00
1/8 x 1
36 x 288
5.00
1/8 x 1-1/4
24 x 240
6.00
1/8 x 1-1/4
36 x 240
6.00
1/8 x 1-1/2
24 x 288
7.10
1/8 x 1-1/2
36 x 240
7.10
3/16 x 3/4
36 x 240
5.15
3/16 x 3/4
36 x 288
5.15
3/16 x 1
24 x 240
7.10
3/16 x 1
24 x 288
7.10
3/16 x 1
36 x 240
7.10
3/16 x 1
36 x 288
7.10
3/16 x 1-1/4
24 x 240
8.70
3/16 x 1-1/4
24 x 288
8.70
3/16 x 1-1/4
36 x 240
8.70
3/16 x 1-1/4
36 x 288
8.70
3/16 x 1-1/2
24 x 288
10.30
3/16 x 1-1/2
36 x 240
10.30
3/16 x 1-1/2
36 x 288
10.30
3/16 x 2
36 x 240
13.80
1/4 x 1
24 x 240
9.20
1/4 x 1
36 x 240
9.20
1/4 x 1-1/4
36 x 240
11.40
1/4 x 1-1/2
36 x 240
13.50
1/4 x 1-1/2
36 x 288
13.50
* Please note painted black refers to a protective coating applied for transport and
should not be considered a finish coat.
49
Welded Bar GratinG

19W4
A
4"
13/16"
15W2
2"
2"
15/16"
A
B
15W2 Painted BlaCk*

Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
Thickness x Depth
Width x Length
3/16 x 1
36 x 288
9.19
3/16 x 1-1/4
36 x 288
11.10
serrated 19W4 Painted BlaCk*

Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
Thickness x Depth
Width x Length
3/16 x 1
36 x 288
5.15
3/16 x 1-1/4
36 x 288
5.15
Thickness x Depth
Width x Length
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
3/16 x 1
36 x 288
3/16 x 1-1/4
36 x 288
8.70
3/16 x 1-1/2
36 x 288
10.30
19W4 UnPainted
7.10
1 in. and 1-1/2 in. stainless steel saddle clips are

available for anchoring bar grating.
* Please note painted black refers to a protective coating applied for transport and should not
be considered a finish coat.
50
Welded Bar GratinG

19W4
4"
15W2
A
B
13/16"
2"
2"
15/16"
A
B
19W4 Galvanized
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
Thickness x Depth
Width x Length
1/8 x 1-1/4
24 x 240
6.30
1/8 x 1-1/4
36 x 240
6.30
1/8 x 1-1/2
24 x 240
7.40
1/8 x 1-1/2
36 x 240
7.40
3/16 x 1
24 x 240
7.45
3/16 x 1
36 x 240
7.45
3/16 x 1-1/4
24 x 240
9.14
3/16 x 1-1/4
36 x 240
9.14
3/16 x 1-1/2
36 x 240
10.82
3/16 x 1-1/2
36 x 288
10.82
stainless Welded Bar GratinG

19W4 stainless t304
Thickness x Depth
Width x Length
3/16 x 1
36 x 288
51
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
7.10
Bar GratinG stair treads

We stock welded steel stair treads, widely
used in industrial and commercial
applications for their strength and ease
of installation. They have steel checker
plate nosing, providing added strength
and a visible edge for safety. They are
a self-cleaning, skid-resistant and
economical choice.
19W4 Painted BlaCk & 19W4 Galvanized

Thickness x Depth
Tread Size (in. x in.)

Width x Length
3/16 x 1
9-3/4 x 24
3/16 x 1
9-3/4 x 30
3/16 x 1
9-3/4 x 36
3/16 x 1-1/4
9-3/4 x 44
52
diamond GriP GratinG

Features and benefits include:
Serrated edges around diamond
shaped openings provide slip
resistance under all conditions.
Rounded corners reduce the
possibility of stress cracks across
saddles or at the side of channels
under various loading conditions.
Self-cleaning due to the resilience

of the walking surface.
Light weight design provides for
a high strength-to-weight ratio.
Pre-galvanized for corrosion

resistance and protection from
atmospheric elements.
steel diamond GriP GratinG*
Width x Gauge x Height

(in. x ga. x in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
4-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/2
2.3
11-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/2
4.2
4-3/4 x 12 x 1-1/2
3.2
11-3/4 x 14 x 2
4.4
7 x 14 x 1-1/2
3.0
11-3/4 x 12 x 1-1/2
5.9
7 x 14 x 2
3.3
11-3/4 x 12 x 2
6.2
7 x 12 x 1-1/2
4.1
18-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/2
6.1

(in. x ga. x in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
7 x 12 x 2
4.5
18-3/4 x 14 x 2
6.3
9-1/2 x 14 x 1-1/2
3.6
18-3/4 x 12 x 1-1/2
8.5
9-1/2 x 14 x 2
3.8
18-3/4 x 12 x 2
8.9
9-1/2 x 12 x 1-1/2
5.0
24 x 14 x 2
7.4
9-1/2 x 12 x 2
5.4
24 x 12 x 2
10.4
* Diamond grip grating is also available in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled
(HRPO) steel.
53
diamond GriP GratinG

stainless diamond GriP GratinG
(in. x ga. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
11-3/4 x 16 x 2
3.7
alUminUm diamond GriP GratinG

Width x Thickness x Height
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
7 x .080 x 2
1.2
9-1/2 x .080 x 2
1.4
11-3/4 x .080 x 2
1.6
diamond GriP Carrier Plate

Carrier plates are used in the fabrication of stair treads. They fit onto the ends of
the tread to create an anchor for stair treads other than stock sizes.
diamond GriP Carrier Plate

Width x Height
(in. x in.)
7 x 2
9-1/2 x 1-1/2
11-3/4 x 2
54
safety GriP
Embossed traction buttons, providing
superior slip resistance in all
directions and weather conditions.
Large debossed holes that provide
maximum drainage of debris and
allow up to 50% free air opening.
Light weight design for a high

strength-to-weight ratio.
Self-cleaning due to resilience of the Long life span, requiring

little maintenance.
walking surface.
Pre-galvanized for corrosion
resistance and protection from
atmospheric elements.
safety GriP*
Width x Gauge x Depth

(in. x ga. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
5 x 13 x 1-1/2
2.6
7 x 13 x 1-1/2
3.0
10 x 13 x 1-1/2
3.5
12 x 13 x 1-1/2
4.4
12 x 11 x 2
5.5
18 x 13 x 1-1/2
5.7
18 x 11 x 2
7.1
24 x 11 x 2
8.9
* Safety grip is also available in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled (HRPO) steel.
55
sliP-not Plate
Slip-Not has a textured surface and hardness that ensures long life and
excellent slip resistance under both wet and dry conditions. Uses include:
floors, mezzanines, machine platforms, ramps, walkways, catwalks, trench
covers, drill platforms, wet decks and stairs.
sliP-not Plate
Thickness
(in.)
Length x Width
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
1/8
48 x 96
5.13
1/8
48 x 120
5.13
3/16
48 x 96
7.65
3/16
48 x 120
7.65
1/4
48 x 96
10.23
3/4
21 x 96
32.57
safety-tread Plate
Safety-Tread Plate has perforated dimples,
providing excellent slip resistance in all
conditions. It is a long-lasting, cost-effective
flooring option and can be easily formed to
custom shapes. Safety tread plate is stocked
in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled
(HRPO) steel.
safety tread Plate

Gauge
Length x Width
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
11
36 x 120
5.00
13
36 x 120
3.80
56
safety-tread ladder rUnGs

Safety-Tread ladder rungs can be
used for new vertical ladders or as
an overlay for existing ladder rungs.
They have traction buttons in 2, 3
or 4-hole design, providing a safer
alternative to pipe or flat bar ladder
treads. Our carbon steel SafetyTread ladder rungs are stocked in
ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and
oiled (HRPO) steel.
Allowable loads and deflections:
C = concentrated load at center of span (lb.)
D = deflection resulting from concentrated load (in.)
All concentrated loads include a safety factor of 1.67.
steel safety-tread ladder rUnGs
5 ft. stock lengths
Safe load span
No.
holes
Width
of
Rung
(in.)
1-1/4
377
.014
339
.018
308
.025
265
.036
1.20
1-5/8
260
.020
230
.029
200
.037
175
.065
1.30
2-1/4
490
.032
440
.045
400
.050
345
.065
1.50
16"
18"
20"
24"
stainless safety-tread
ladder rUnGs
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
5 ft. stock lengths
Safe load span
No.
holes
Width
of
Rung
(in.)
1-5/8
280
.044
250
.051
225
.065
185
.080
1.10
2-1/4
415
.020
375
.029
340
.040
290
.050
1.20
16"
18"
20"
57
24"
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
reGUlar exPanded metal

Strand width
Regular expanded metal is sheet that has been

stretched into a rigid open mesh to allow for
extra strength and air flow.
Strand thickness
steel reGUlar exPanded metal

Sheet size (in.)
Size of openings (in.)
Size of strands (in.)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
1/4 #20
48 x 96
.172 x .719
.073 x .036
.86
1/4 #18
48 x 96
.172 x .719
.073 x .048
1.14
1/2 #16
48 x 96
.375 x .938
.086 x .060
.86
1/2 #13
48 x 96
.313 x .936
.096 x .092
1.47
3/4 #16
48 x 96
.813 x 1.750
.099 x .060
.54
3/4 #13
48 x 96
.750 x 1.688
.096 x .092
.80
3/4 #10
48 x 96
.750 x 1.625
.144 x .092
1.20
3/4 #9
48 x 96
.688 x 1.563
.148 x .134
1.80
Style
3/4 #9
60 x 144
.688 x 1.563
.148 x .134
1.80
1-1/2 #16
48 x 96
1.250 x 2.625
.107 x .060
.40
1-1/2 #13
48 x 96
1.188 x 2.500
.104 x .092
.60
1-1/2 #9
48 x 96
1.125 x 2.375
.142 x .134
1.20
1-1/2 #9
72 x 120
1.125 x 2.375
.142 x .134
1.20
1-1/2 #6
48 x 96
1.000 x 2.313
.201 x .198
2.50
alUminUm reGUlar exPanded metal

Sheet size (in.)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
Weight
per sq. ft.
1/2 #.051
48 x 96
.375 x .938
.094 x .051
.27
1/2 #.081
48 x 96
.375 x .938
.096 x .081
.44
Style
58
flattened exPanded metal

Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled,
leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by
approximately 5% and the width remains the same.
Strand width
Strand thickness
steel flattened exPanded metal

Sheet size (in.)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
1/4 #20
48 x 96
.094 x .688
.086 x .030
.82
1/4 #18
48 x 96
.094 x .688
.086 x .040
1.08
Style
1/2 #20
48 x 96
.375 x 1.000
.070 x .029
.40
1/2 #18
48 x 96
.281 x 1.000
.109 x .039
.66
1/2 #16
48 x 96
.250 x 1.000
.103 x .050
.82
1/2 #16
48 x 120
.250 x 1.000
.103 x .050
.82
1/2 #13
48 x 96
.250 x 1.000
.122 x .070
1.40
1/2 #13
48 x 120
.250 x 1.000
.122 x .070
1.40
3/4 #16
48 x 96
.750 x 1.750
.115 x .048
.51
3/4 #13
48 x 96
.688 x 1.782
.119 x .070
.75
3/4 #13
48 x 120
.688 x 1.782
.119 x .070
.75
3/4 #9
48 x 96
.563 x 1.688
.164 x .120
1.71
3/4 #9
48 x 120
.563 x 1.688
.164 x .120
1.71
1 #16
48 x 96
.875 x 2.250
.115 x .048
.41
1-1/2 #16
48 x 96
1.063 x 2.750
.123 x .048
.38
1-1/2 #13
48 x 96
1.063 x 2.750
.138 x .070
.57
1-1/2 #9
48 x 96
1.000 x 2.563
.175 x .110
1.14
1-1/2 #9
72 x 120
1.000 x 2.563
.175 x .110
1.14
59
stainless flattened
exPanded metal
Style
48" x 96" sheet size
Size of openings (in.) Size of strands (in.) Weight per sq. ft.
2
Width x Length
Width x Thickness (lb./ft. )
1/2 #18
.313 x 1.000
.093 x .040
.69
1/2 #16
.313 x 1.000
.093 x .050
.86
1/2 #13
.250 x 1.000
.132 x .080
1.78
3/4 #16
.750 x 1.813
.118 x .050
.57
3/4 #13
.625 x 1.750
.120 x .070
.86
alUminUm flattened
exPanded metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #.051
.313 x 1.000
.091 x .040
.26
1/2 #.081
.313 x 1.000
.103 x .060
.42
3/4 #.051
.750 x 1.813
.114 x .040
.05
3/4 #.081
.687 x 1.750
.172 x .070
.39
3/4 #.125
.625 x 1.750
.180 x .095
.65
U-edGinG for exPanded metal
10 - 12 ft. lengths
Number
Width x Opening (in. x in.)
#401
1 x 1/4
#402
1 x 1/8
#404
3/8 x 1/16
60
exPanded metal GratinG

Expanded metal grating is produced from heavier plate than regular expanded
metal. It is formed like a truss so that every inter-connecting strand acts as a
structural member, distributing load stress in several directions across the
supporting frame. It has larger diamonds than regular expanded metal and is
usually used for walkways and platforms.
Strand width
Strand thickness
steel exPanded metal GratinG

Style
(lb./ft.2)
Sheet size (in.)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
48 x 96
.938 x 3.438
.261 x .183
3.14
48 x 96
1.625 x 4.875
.308 x .250
3.14
48 x 120
1.625 x 4.875
.308 x .250
48 x 96
.938 x 3.438
.297 x .215
48 x 120
.938 x 3.438
.297 x .215
72 x 120
.938 x 3.438
.297 x .215
4.27
48 x 96
1.000 x 2.875
.297 x .250
48 x 96
.813 x 3.375
.327 x .250
6.25
48 x 96
.813 x 3.375
.347 x .312
alUminUm exPanded metal GratinG

Style
(lb./ft.2)
2
Sheet size (in.)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
60 x 144
1.000 x 3.600
.235 x .250
61
Perforated sheet
Perforated sheets are commonly used for
ornamental purposes and applications requiring
ventilation, such as machine guards, screens,
strainers and filters.
steel Perforated sheet
Hole
centers Gauge Decimal
open
diameter Staggered
equivalent %
(in.)
area
(in.)
(in.)
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
1/8
3/16
20
.0359
42%
.90
1/8
3/16
16
.0598
42%
1.50
1/8
3/16
12
.1046
42%
2.63
5/32
3/16
18
.0478
63%
.74
1/4
3/8
16
.0598
41%
1.50
1/4
3/8
.1875
41%
4.59
1/4
1/2
11
.1196
23%
3.85
3/8
9/16
16
.0598
40%
1.50
3/8
9/16
11
.1196
40%
3.00
1/2
11/16
16
.0598
48%
1.33
stainless Perforated sheet
T304
Hole
diameter
(in.)
Staggered centers Gauge Decimal

equivalent
(in.)
(in.)
% open
area
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
1/16
1/8
20
.0355
23%
1.19
3/32
5/32
16
.0595
33%
1.73
1/8
3/16
20
.0355
40%
.92
1/8
3/16
16
.0595
42%
1.64
1/8
3/16
11
.1200
42%
2.63
3/16
5/16
11
.1200
33%
3.39
1/4
3/8
16
.0595
41%
1.52
62
molded fiBerGlass GratinG

Fiberglass grating is strong, light weight and corrosion resistant, making it
excellent for use in harsh environments. All molded stock is fire retardant,
impact resistant and easy to install. It is a cost-effective, practically
maintenance-free alternative to metal grating.
We stock green polyester, orange vinylester and safety yellow polyester
varieties. It can be supplied with either a grit or meniscus surface. USDA
approved, extra fire retardant and conductive gratings are also available.
molded fiBerGlass GratinG

x Length of
Height Width
openings
(in.)
(in. x in.)
Width x Length of
panel
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
1 x 4
36 x 120
3.1
1 x 4
48 x 144
3.1
1-1/2 x 1-1/2
48 x 144
2.9
1-1/2
1-1/2 x 1-1/2
36 x 120
3.6
1-1/2
1-1/2 x 1-1/2
48 x 144
3.6
2 x 2
48 x 144
4.1
molded fiBerGlass GratinG With Grit toP Plate

(in.)
(in. x in.)
1-1/2
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
48 x 144
3.7
63
hardWare & aCCessories for fiBerGlass GratinG

Stainless steel hold down, saddle and connector clips in G, J, M and U types.
Stainless steel nuts, bolts and washers.
Fiberglass wedge hold down clips.
Fiberglass curb angle, pedestals and elastomeric pedestals.
Fiberglass nuts and bolts.
fiBerGlass strUCtUrals
Klein Steel can provide technical information on and order fiberglass structurals,
gratings, stair treads, hardware and accessories. The following are available:
Angles
Fiberbolt
Pipe
Beams
Flats
Plate
Channels
Handrail
Rounds
Curb Angles
Ladder Rungs Round Tubing
Square Tubing
fiBerGlass faBriCation
Klein Steel can also design and fabricate the following fiberglass
structural systems:
Handrail Systems
Platforms
Ladders
Safety Cages
Manholes
Stairway & Walkway Systems
64
c arbon s heet P roPerties & a PPlications

Hot Rolled Sheet
CS Type B (A1011)
Low carbon, commercial-quality steel that is soft enough for
moderate bending and ductile enough for moderate drawing. It is
used for applications in which surface appearance is not essential.
Pickled And Oiled (A1011)
Mill oxide is removed from the sheet with an acid pickling
solution, improving surface appearance and finishing quality. It
holds paint and enamel well.
Cold Rolled Sheet
A1008
Has closer thickness tolerances and higher surface quality than
hot rolled pickled and oiled sheet. Its matte finish is suitable for
paint, enamel or lacquer. It is formable and ductile enough for
moderate drawing.
Corrosion Resistant Weathering Steel
A606
High strength, low alloy steel with high resistance to atmospheric
corrosion. Used for applications in which high strength and lower
weight are needed, particularly those exposed to atmospheric
elements. It is weldable and formable.
65
c arbon s heet P roPerties & a PPlications

Galvanized Sheet
CS-B
Has a durable, protective zinc coating to provide superior corrosion
resistance. It can be formed, cold drawn and stamped without
damaging the protective coating or impairing its protective qualities.
Galvannealed Sheet
CS-B
Heat treated after a zinc coating is applied to form a zinc-iron alloy.
This provides for additional corrosion resistance over galvanized
sheet and makes it more scratch-resistant. It is suitable for
painting or finishing without further preparation. The protective
coating will not be damaged by bending and simple forming.
66
sheet thiCkness toleranCes*

hot rolled, hot rolled PiCkled & oiled, Cold rolled
Decimal
Gauge Equivalent
(in.)
Tolerance Range
HR/HRPO
CR
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
.1793
.1873 - .1713
.1873 - .1713
7.500
.1644
.1724 - .1564
.1724 - .1564
6.875
.1495
.1575 - .1415
.1575 - .1415
6.250
10
.1345
.1425 - .1265
.1405 - .1285
5.625
11
.1196
.1276 - .1116
.1256 - .1136
5.000
12
.1046
.1126 - .0966
.1106 - .0986
4.375
13
.0897
.0967 - .0827
.0947 - .0847
3.750
14
.0747
.0817 - .0677
.0797 - .0697
3.125
15
.0673
.0733 - .0613
.0723 - .0623
2.813
16
.0598
.0658 - .0538
.0648 - .0548
2.500
17
.0538
.0598 - .0478
.0578 - .0498
2.250
18
.0478
.0528 - .0428
.0518 - .0438
2.000
19
.0418
.0458 - .0378
1.750
20
.0359
.0389 - .0329
1.500
21
.0329
.0359 - .0299
1.375
22
.0299
.0329 - .0269
1.250
23
.0269
.0299 - .0239
1.125
24
.0239
.0269 - .0209
1.000
25
.0209
.0239 - .0179
.875
26
.0179
.0199 - .0159
.750
27
.0164
.0184 - .0144
.688
28
.0149
.0169 - .0129
.625
* Based on 48" wide sheets.
67
sheet thiCkness toleranCes*

Galvanized
Gauge
Decimal Equivalent
(in.)
Tolerance Range
Galvanized
.1681
.1771 - .1591
7.031
.1532
.1622 - .1442
6.406
10
.1382
.1472 - .1292
5.781
11
.1233
.1323 - .1143
5.156
12
.1084
.1174 - .0994
4.531
13
.0934
.1014 - .0854
3.906
14
.0785
.0865 - .0705
3.281
15
.0710
.0770 - .0650
2.969
16
.0635
.0695 - .0575
2.656
17
.0575
.0625 - .0525
2.406
18
.0516
.0566 - .0466
2.156
19
.0456
.0506 - .0406
1.906
20
.0396
.0436 - .0356
1.656
21
.0366
.0406 - .0326
1.531
22
.0336
.0376 - .0296
1.406
23
.0306
.0346 - .0266
1.281
24
.0276
.0316 - .0236
1.156
25
.0247
.0287 - .0207
1.031
26
.0217
.0247 - .0187
.906
27
.0202
.0232 - .0172
.844
28
.0187
.0217 - .0157
.781
* Based on 48" wide sheets.
68
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
hot rolled
CS Type B (A1011)
sheet
Equivalent Width x Length

Gauge Decimal
(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
.1793
48 x 96
7.50
.1793
48 x 120
7.50
10
.1345
36 x 96
5.62
10
.1345
48 x 96
5.62
10
.1345
48 x 120
5.62
10
.1345
60 x 120
5.62
10
.1345
72 x 120
5.62
10
.1345
72 x 144
5.62
11
.1196
36 x 96
5.00
11
.1196
48 x 96
5.00
11
.1196
48 x 120
5.00
11
.1196
48 x 144
5.00
11
.1196
60 x 96
5.00
11
.1196
60 x 120
5.00
11
.1196
72 x 120
5.00
12
.1046
36 x 96
4.37
12
.1046
48 x 96
4.37
12
.1046
48 x 120
4.37
12
.1046
60 x 120
4.37
12
.1046
60 x 144
4.37
12
.1046
72 x 120
4.37
12
.1046
72 x 144
4.37
14
.0747
36 x 96
3.12
14
.0747
48 x 96
3.12
14
.0747
48 x 120
3.12
14
.0747
48 x 144
3.12
14
.0747
60 x 120
3.12
14
.0747
72 x 120
3.12
16
.0598
36 x 96
2.50
16
.0598
48 x 96
2.50
16
.0598
48 x 120
2.50
16
.0598
60 x 120
2.50
16
.0598
60 x 144
2.50
69
PiCkled and
CS Type B (A1011)
Gauge
oiled sheet
Decimal Equivalent
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/16"
.1875
48 x 96
7.66
.1793
48 x 96
7.50
.1793
48 x 120
7.50
.1644
48 x 96
6.87
.1644
48 x 120
6.87
.1644
60 x 120
6.87
10
.1345
48 x 120
5.62
10
.1345
60 x 120
5.62
11
.1196
48 x 96
5.00
11
.1196
48 x 120
5.00
12
.1046
48 x 96
4.37
12
.1046
48 x 120
4.37
12
.1046
60 x 120
4.37
14
.0747
48 x 96
3.12
14
.0747
48 x 120
3.12
14
.0747
48 x 120
3.12
70
Cold rolled
CS Type B (A1008)
Gauge
sheet
Decimal Equivalent Width x Length

(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
10
.1345
48 x 96
5.62
10
.1345
48 x 120
5.62
11
.1196
36 x 96
5.00
11
.1196
48 x 96
5.00
11
.1196
48 x 120
5.00
11
.1196
60 x 120
5.00
12
.1046
36 x 48
4.38
12
.1046
36 x 120
4.38
12
.1046
48 x 96
4.38
12
.1046
48 x 120
4.38
12
.1046
60 x 120
4.38
13
.0897
48 x 96
3.75
13
.0897
48 x 120
3.75
14
.0747
36 x 96
3.13
14
.0747
48 x 96
3.13
14
.0747
48 x 120
3.13
14
.0747
60 x 120
3.13
16
.0598
36 x 96
2.50
16
.0598
48 x 96
2.50
16
.0598
48 x 120
2.50
16
.0598
60 x 120
2.50
18
.0478
36 x 96
2.00
18
.0478
48 x 96
2.00
18
.0478
48 x 120
2.00
18
.0478
60 x 120
2.00
19
.0418
48 x 96
1.75
71
Cold rolled
CS Type B (A1008)
Gauge
sheet

(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
20
.0359
36 x 96
1.50
20
.0359
48 x 96
1.50
20
.0359
48 x 120
1.50
22
.0299
36 x 96
1.25
22
.0299
48 x 96
1.25
22
.0299
48 x 120
1.25
24
.0239
48 x 96
1.00
24
.0239
48 x 120
1.00
26
.0179
48 x 120
.75
72
Galvanized sheet
Gauge
10

(in.)
(in. x in.)
.1382
48 x 96
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
5.78
10
.1382
48 x 120
5.78
10
.1382
60 x 120
5.78
11
.1233
48 x 120
5.15
12
.1084
48 x 96
4.53
12
.1084
48 x 120
4.53
14
.0785
48 x 96
3.28
14
.0785
48 x 120
3.28
14
.0785
60 x 120
3.28
16
.0635
36 x 96
2.65
16
.0635
48 x 96
2.65
16
.0635
48 x 120
2.65
16
.0635
60 x 96
2.65
16
.0635
60 x 120
2.65
18
.0516
36 x 96
2.15
18
.0516
48 x 96
2.15
18
.0516
48 x 120
2.15
18
.0516
60 x 120
2.15
20
.0396
36 x 96
1.65
20
.0396
48 x 96
1.65
20
.0396
48 x 120
1.65
20
.0396
60 x 96
1.65
20
.0396
60 x 120
1.65
22
.0336
36 x 96
1.40
22
.0336
48 x 96
1.40
22
.0336
48 x 120
1.40
22
.0336
60 x 120
1.40
24
.0276
36 x 96
1.15
24
.0276
36 x 120
1.15
24
.0276
48 x 96
1.15
24
.0276
48 x 120
1.15
24
.0276
60 x 120
1.15
26
.0217
36 x 96
.91
26
.0217
48 x 96
.91
73
Galvanized sheet
Gauge
26

(in.)
(in. x in.)
.0217
48 x 120
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
.91
26
.0217
60 x 120
.91
28
.0187
48 x 96
.82
30
.0157
36 x 96
.65
Galvannealed sheet
Gauge

(in.)
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
10
.1382
48 x 96
5.78
10
.1382
48 x 120
5.78
11
.1233
48 x 96
5.15
12
.1084
48 x 96
4.53
12
.1084
48 x 120
4.53
12
.1084
60 x 120
4.53
14
.0785
48 x 96
3.28
14
.0785
48 x 120
3.28
16
.0635
48 x 96
2.65
16
.0635
48 x 120
2.65
16
.0635
60 x 120
2.65
18
.0516
48 x 96
2.15
18
.0516
48 x 120
2.15
18
.0516
60 x 120
2.15
20
.0396
48 x 96
1.65
20
.0396
48 x 120
1.65
20
.0396
60 x 120
1.65
22
.0336
36 x 96
1.40
22
.0336
48 x 96
1.40
22
.0336
48 x 120
1.40
22
.0336
60 x 120
1.40
24
.0276
48 x 96
1.15
24
.0276
48 x 120
1.15
74
reGUlar exPanded metal

Strand width

Strand thickness
steel reGUlar exPanded metal

Sheet size (in.)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
1/4 #20
48 x 96
.172 x .719
.073 x .036
.86
1/4 #18
48 x 96
.172 x .719
.073 x .048
1.14
1/2 #16
48 x 96
.375 x .938
.086 x .060
.86
1/2 #13
48 x 96
.313 x .936
.096 x .092
1.47
3/4 #16
48 x 96
.813 x 1.750
.099 x .060
.54
3/4 #13
48 x 96
.750 x 1.688
.096 x .092
.80
3/4 #10
48 x 96
.750 x 1.625
.144 x .092
1.20
3/4 #9
48 x 96
.688 x 1.563
.148 x .134
1.80
3/4 #9
60 x 144
.688 x 1.563
.148 x .134
1.80
1-1/2 #16
48 x 96
1.250 x 2.625
.107 x .060
.40
1-1/2 #13
48 x 96
1.188 x 2.500
.104 x .092
.60
1-1/2 #9
48 x 96
1.125 x 2.375
.142 x .134
1.20
1-1/2 #9
72 x 120
1.125 x 2.375
.142 x .134
1.20
1-1/2 #6
48 x 96
1.000 x 2.313
.201 x .198
2.50
Style
U-edGinG for exPanded metal
10 - 12 ft. lengths
Width x Opening
(in. x in.)
Number
#401
1 x 1/4
#402
1 x 1/8
#404
3/8 x 1/16
75
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
flattened exPanded metal

Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal
that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and smooth Strand width
surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by
Strand thickness
steel flattened exPanded metal

Style
1/4 #20
Sheet size (in.)
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
Width x Length
Width x Length
Width x Thickness
48 x 96
.094 x .688
.086 x .030
.82
1/4 #18
48 x 96
.094 x .688
.086 x .040
1.08
1/2 #20
48 x 96
.375 x 1.000
.070 x .029
.40
1/2 #18
48 x 96
.281 x 1.000
.109 x .039
.66
1/2 #16
48 x 96
.250 x 1.000
.103 x .050
.82
1/2 #16
48 x 120
.250 x 1.000
.103 x .050
.82
1/2 #13
48 x 96
.250 x 1.000
.122 x .070
1.40
1/2 #13
48 x 120
.250 x 1.000
.122 x .070
1.40
3/4 #16
48 x 96
.750 x 1.750
.115 x .048
.51
3/4 #13
48 x 96
.688 x 1.782
.119 x .070
.75
3/4 #13
48 x 120
.688 x 1.782
.119 x .070
.75
3/4 #9
48 x 96
.563 x 1.688
.164 x .120
1.71
3/4 #9
48 x 120
.563 x 1.688
.164 x .120
1.71
1 #16
48 x 96
.875 x 2.250
.115 x .048
.41
1-1/2 #16
48 x 96
1.063 x 2.750
.123 x .048
.38
1-1/2 #13
48 x 96
1.063 x 2.750
.138 x .070
.57
1-1/2 #9
48 x 96
1.000 x 2.563
.175 x .110
1.14
1-1/2 #9
72 x 120
1.000 x 2.563
.175 x .110
1.14
76
Perforated sheet
ornamental purposes and applications
requiring ventilation, such as machine
guards, screens, strainers and filters. It is
also available in stainless steel, as shown on
pages 62 and 118.
CarBon steel Perforated sheet
Hole
centers Gauge Decimal
open
diameter Staggered
equivalent %
(in.)
area
(in.)
(in.)
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
1/8
3/16
20
.0359
42%
.90
1/8
3/16
16
.0598
42%
1.50
1/8
3/16
12
.1046
42%
2.63
5/32
3/16
18
.0478
63%
.74
1/4
3/8
16
.0598
41%
1.50
1/4
3/8
.1875
41%
4.59
1/4
1/2
11
.1196
23%
3.85
3/8
9/16
16
.0598
40%
1.50
3/8
9/16
11
.1196
40%
3.00
1/2
11/16
16
.0598
48%
1.33
1/2
11/16
11
.1196
48%
2.60
77
78
b ar s tock P roPerties & a PPlications

Hot Rolled Steel
A569
Low carbon, commercial quality.
A36
The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabrication.
1018 Special Bar Quality (SBQ)
Manufactured under strict conditions to minimize surface imperfections, visible

cavities and excessive chemical segregation in the material. Special quality bars
are used in applications requiring more precise internal and surface qualities
than are available in merchant quality bars.
A1011
Commercial quality, low carbon steel. It is suitable for many applications where
the presence of oxide and normal surface defects are not objectionable.
1141
Medium carbon, special quality manganese steel with deep and uniform surface
hardness. It has better heat treatment and machinability qualities than regular
carbon steel. Applications include those requiring strength and toughness, such
as gears, shafts, axles and bolts.
79

Cold Finished Steel
Cold finished bars are produced from special quality hot rolled bars. The bar
is cold-reduced for improved tolerances, surface quality, mechanical qualities
and machinability.
1018
Smooth surface, low carbon, medium manganese steel with good hardening,
machinability and bending characteristics. It is a lower cost option for
applications not requiring the strength of high carbon and alloyed steels.
1141
Used for the same applications as hot rolled 1141, but with a deeper and more
uniform surface hardness.
1144
Free-machining steel recommended for high-production machining and parts

requiring higher strength and durability than regular carbon steels.
1215
Low carbon steel with fast machining and cutting qualities for moderate
production rates. It leaves a smooth machined finish and is used when
machinability is more important than strength.
12L14
Low carbon, leaded steel designed for fast machining at high production rates.
It has good ductility and surface quality, and is recommended for high-speed
automatic screw parts.
TGP 1045 Shafting
Medium carbon steel with good hardenability, through hardness and wear
resistance. Its machinability and weldability are fair. As a turned, ground and
polished bar, its size accuracy, concentricity, finish and straightness are all
superior to those of regular cold finished material. Furthermore, turned, ground
and polished material is produced to eliminate all surface defects.
80

Alloy Steels
Alloy steel bars are often selected for their combinations of properties not
attainable in carbon steel. A wide range of strength, fatigue and wear
resistance, toughness and hardenability are available. However, it should be
noted that their optimal potential can be reached only through proper
heat treatment.
4140 (HR & CF)
Widely used alloyed steel containing chromium and molybdenum for parts
requiring high tensile strength and toughness. It may be heat treated over a
wide range to achieve the correct balance of hardness, strength and ductility.
It may be flame or induction hardened in areas requiring localized hardening.
It is a low cost, general purpose alloy often used in track pins, nuts, bolts,
shafts and bushings.
4150 (HR)
Same qualities as 4140, but with improved hardenability and machinability.
4340 (HR)
Highly alloyed with nickel and chromium, allowing for deep hardening and
strength when oil quenched. It is used for heavily stressed parts requiring
lasting durability.
6150 (HR)
Fine grain alloy of chrome vanadium steel that is durable and abrasion resistant
when heat treated. It has high surface hardness and good machinability.
Applications include those exposed to heavy stress and shock, including
springs, blades, gears and machine components.
81

8620 (HR AND CF)
General purpose case-hardening alloy of chromium, nickel and molybdenum.

It has excellent surface hardenability and a strong core, with good weldability
and machinability. 8620 is also available in the normalized condition. The steel
is heated above its critical temperature and cooled to refine its grain size and
carbide distribution, reducing subsequent heating times.
9310 (HR)
Case-hardening alloy with very high hardenability, impact resistance and fatigue
strength. Applications include those under very high contact stress, shock and
impact, including aircraft and helicopter gears.
82
hot rolled striP

ASTM A569
ASTM A1011 Tensile Strength: 40 ksi Yield Point: 50 ksi
Thickness x Width Weight per ft.
(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1/2
.213
1/8 x 12
5.10
1/8 x 5/8
.266
3/16 x 1/2
.32
1/8 x 3/4
.319
3/16 x 3/4
.48
1/8 x 1
.425
3/16 x 1
.64
1/8 x 1-1/4
.531
3/16 x 1-1/4
.80
1/8 x 1-1/2
.638
3/16 x 1-1/2
.96
1/8 x 1-3/4
.744
3/16 x 1-3/4
1.12
1/8 x 2
.850
3/16 x 2
1.28
1/8 x 2-1/2
1.06
3/16 x 2-1/2
1.59
1/8 x 3
1.28
3/16 x 3
1.91
1/8 x 3-1/4
1.38
3/16 x 4
2.55
1/8 x 3-1/2
1.49
3/16 x 5
3.19
1/8 x 4
1.70
3/16 x 6
3.83
1/8 x 5
2.13
3/16 x 7
4.46
1/8 x 6
2.55
3/16 x 8
5.10
1/8 x 8
3.40
hot rolled flat

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/4 x 1/2
.43
1/4 x 2-1/4
1.91
1/4 x 5/8
.53
1/4 x 2-1/2
2.13
1/4 x 3/4
.64
1/4 x 2-3/4
2.34
1/4 x 1
.85
1/4 x 3
2.55
1/4 x 1-1/4
1.06
1/4 x 3-1/2
2.98
1/4 x 1-3/8
1.17
1/4 x 4
3.40
1/4 x 1-1/2
1.28
1/4 x 4-1/2
3.83
1/4 x 1-3/4
1.49
1/4 x 5
4.25
1/4 x 2
1.70
1/4 x 6
5.10
83
hot rolled flat

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/4 x 7
5.95
3/8 x 9
11.48
1/4 x 8
6.80
3/8 x 10
12.75
1/4 x 9
7.65
3/8 x 11
14.03
1/4 x 10
8.50
3/8 x 12
15.30
1/4 x 12
10.20
1/2 x 3/4
1.28
5/16 x 1
1.06
1/2 x 1
1.70
5/16 x 1-1/4
1.33
1/2 x 1-1/4
2.13
5/16 x 1-1/2
1.59
1/2 x 1-1/2
2.55
5/16 x 2
2.13
1/2 x 1-3/4
2.98
5/16 x 3
3.19
1/2 x 2
3.40
5/16 x 4
4.25
1/2 x 2-1/2
4.25
5/16 x 6
6.35
1/2 x 3
5.10
3/8 x 1/2
.64
1/2 x 3-1/2
5.95
3/8 x 3/4
.96
1/2 x 4
6.80
3/8 x 1
1.28
1/2 x 4-1/2
7.66
3/8 x 1-1/4
1.60
1/2 x 5
8.51
3/8 x 1-1/2
1.91
1/2 x 5-1/2
9.35
3/8 x 1-3/4
2.23
1/2 x 6
10.21
3/8 x 2
2.55
1/2 x 7
11.91
3/8 x 2-1/4
2.87
1/2 x 8
13.61
3/8 x 2-1/2
3.19
1/2 x 9
15.30
3/8 x 2-3/4
3.50
1/2 x 10
17.02
3/8 x 3
3.83
1/2 x 11
18.70
3/8 x 3-1/2
4.47
1/2 x 12
20.42
3/8 x 4
5.10
5/8 x 1
2.13
3/8 x 4-1/2
5.74
5/8 x 1-1/2
3.19
3/8 x 5
6.38
5/8 x 2
4.25
3/8 x 6
7.66
5/8 x 2-1/2
5.32
3/8 x 7
8.93
5/8 x 3
6.38
3/8 x 8
10.20
5/8 x 3-1/2
7.44
84
hot rolled flat

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
5/8 x 4
8.51
1 x 5
17.00
5/8 x 4-1/2
9.56
1 x 6
20.40
5/8 x 5
10.64
1 x 7
23.80
5/8 x 6
12.76
1 x 8
27.20
5/8 x 8
17.02
1 x 9
30.60
5/8 x 11
23.40
1 x 10
34.03
5/8 x 12
25.50
1 x 12
40.84
3/4 x 1
2.55
1-1/4 x 1-1/2
6.38
3/4 x 1-1/4
3.19
1-1/4 x 2
8.50
3/4 x 1-1/2
3.83
1-1/4 x 2-1/2
10.63
3/4 x 2
5.10
1-1/4 x 3
12.75
3/4 x 2-1/2
6.38
1-1/4 x 4
17.00
3/4 x 3
7.65
1-1/4 x 5
21.25
3/4 x 3-1/2
8.93
1-1/4 x 6
25.50
3/4 x 4
10.20
1-1/4 x 8
34.00
3/4 x 5
12.75
1-1/2 x 2
10.20
3/4 x 6
15.30
1-1/2 x 2-1/2
12.75
3/4 x 7
17.85
1-1/2 x 3
15.30
3/4 x 8
20.40
1-1/2 x 4
20.40
3/4 x 9
22.95
1-1/2 x 5
25.50
3/4 x 10
25.50
1-1/2 x 6
30.60
3/4 x 11
28.05
1-3/4 x 8
47.60
3/4 x 12
30.60
2 x 3
20.40
7/8 x 6
17.85
2 x 4
27.20
1 x 1-1/2
5.10
2 x 5
34.00
1 x 2
6.80
2 x 6
40.80
1 x 2-1/4
7.65
2-1/2 x 3
25.50
1 x 2-1/2
8.50
2-1/2 x 4
34.00
1 x 3
10.20
1 x 4
13.60
1 x 4-1/2
15.30
85
hot rolled roUnd

1018 Special Bar Quality Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 32 ksi
1141 Tensile Strength: 94 ksi Yield Point: 52 ksi
Diameter (in.)
Weight per ft. (lb./ft.)
3/16 *
.095
1/4 *
.165
5/16 *
.260
3/8
.375
7/16
.510
1/2
.688
5/8
1.04
3/4
1.50
7/8
2.05
2.67
1-1/8
3.38
1-1/4
4.17
1-3/8
5.05
1-1/2
6.01
1-3/4
8.18
10.68
2-1/4
13.52
2-1/2
16.69
2-3/4
20.19
24.03
3-1/2
32.71
3-3/4
37.55
42.73
4-1/4
48.23
4-1/2
54.08
4-3/4
60.50
* Not certified to ASTM A36
86
hot rolled roUnd

1018 Special Bar Quality Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 32 ksi
1141 Tensile Strength: 94 ksi Yield Point: 52 ksi
Diameter (in.)
5
66.76
5-1/2
80.78
5-3/4
89.00
96.13
6-1/4
104.30
6-1/2
112.80
6-3/4
122.85
130.90
7-1/2
150.20
170.90
216.30
87
alloy steel hot rolled roUnd

Diameter (in.)
5/8
1.04
3/4
1.50
2.71
1-3/8
5.05
1-1/2
6.08
1-3/4
8.18
10.68
2-1/8
12.06
2-1/4
13.52
2-1/2
16.69
2-3/4
20.19
24.03
3-1/4
28.21
3-1/2
32.71
3-5/8
35.09
3-3/4
37.55
3-7/8
40.01
42.75
4-1/4
48.23
4-1/2
55.59
4-3/4
60.25
66.76
5-1/4
73.76
5-1/2
80.78
5-3/4
90.60
* 8620 is also available normalized.
88
alloy steel hot rolled roUnd

Diameter (in.)
96.00
6-1/4
104.30
6-1/2
112.80
6-3/4
121.70
130.90
7-1/4
140.40
7-1/2
150.20
170.90
8-1/4
181.80
216.30
9-1/4
228.70
9-1/2
241.00
10
267.00
10-1/2
312.07
11
330.50
11-1/2
360.90
12
392.60
13
460.00
14
532.80
15
610.90
16
694.36
* 8620 is also available normalized.
89
hot rolled half roUnd

Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/2
.334
5/8
.550
1.335
5.350
hot rolled half oval

Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/4 x 1
.594
threaded rod* CommerCial QUality

Plain or Zinc
Diameter
(in.)
Threads per in.
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/4
20
.12
5/16
18
.20
3/8
16
.32
3/8
24
.29
7/16
14
.45
1/2
13
.54
1/2
20
.58
5/8
11
.85
5/8
18
.92
3/4
10
1.25
7/8
1.70
2.23
We do not stock Half Rounds, Half Ovals

* Threaded rod is also available in stainless steel. Please see page 111.
90
hot rolled sQUare

Width (in.)
3/8
.48
1/2
.85
5/8
1.33
3/4
1.91
7/8
2.61
3.40
1-1/4
5.32
1-1/2
7.66
1-3/4
10.41
13.60
2-1/2
21.26
30.60
54.40
91
1018
Cold finished flat

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1/4
.11
1/4 x 1-1/4
1.06
1/8 x 3/8
.16
1/4 x 1-3/8
1.17
1/8 x 1/2
.21
1/4 x 1-1/2
1.28
1/8 x 5/8
.27
1/4 x 1-3/4
1.49
1/8 x 3/4
.32
1/4 x 2
1.70
1/8 x 1
.43
1/4 x 2-1/4
1.91
1/8 x 1-1/4
.53
1/4 x 2-1/2
2.13
1/8 x 1-1/2
.64
1/4 x 3
2.55
1/8 x 2
.85
1/4 x 3-1/2
2.98
1/8 x 2-1/2
1.06
1/4 x 4
3.40
1/8 x 3
1.28
1/4 x 4-1/2
3.83
1/8 x 4
1.70
1/4 x 5
4.25
1/8 x 5
2.13
1/4 x 6
5.10
1/8 x 6
2.55
1/4 x 7
5.95
3/16 x 1/2
.32
1/4 x 8
6.80
3/16 x 5/8
.40
1/4 x 10
8.51
3/16 x 3/4
.48
1/4 x 12
10.21
3/16 x 1
.64
5/16 x 1/2
.53
3/16 x 1-1/4
.80
5/16 x 5/8
.66
.80
3/16 x 1-1/2
.97
5/16 x 3/4
3/16 x 1-3/4
1.12
5/16 x 7/8
.93
3/16 x 2
1.28
5/16 x 1
1.06
3/16 x 2-1/2
1.60
5/16 x 1-1/4
1.33
3/16 x 3
1.91
5/16 x 1-1/2
1.59
3/16 x 4
2.55
5/16 x 2
2.13
3/16 x 6
3.83
5/16 x 3
3.19
1/4 x 3/8
.32
3/8 x 1/2
.64
1/4 x 1/2
.43
3/8 x 5/8
.80
1/4 x 5/8
.53
3/8 x 3/4
.96
1/4 x 3/4
.64
3/8 x 1
1.28
1/4 x 7/8
.74
3/8 x 1-1/8
1.43
1/4 x 1
.85
3/8 x 1-1/4
1.60
92
1018
Cold finished flat

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
3/8 x 1-1/2
1.91
1/2 x 5-1/2
9.35
3/8 x 1-3/4
2.23
1/2 x 6
10.21
3/8 x 2
2.55
1/2 x 7
11.91
3/8 x 2-1/4
2.87
1/2 x 8
13.61
3/8 x 2-1/2
3.19
1/2 x 9
15.34
3/8 x 2-3/4
3.50
1/2 x 10
17.02
3/8 x 3
3.83
1/2 x 11
18.70
3/8 x 3-1/2
4.47
1/2 x 12
20.42
3/8 x 4
5.10
5/8 x 3/4
1.60
3/8 x 4-1/2
5.74
5/8 x 1
2.13
3/8 x 5
6.38
5/8 x 1-1/4
2.66
3/8 x 6
7.66
5/8 x 1-1/2
3.19
3/8 x 7
8.93
5/8 x 1-3/4
3.72
3/8 x 8
10.21
5/8 x 2
4.25
3/8 x 10
12.76
5/8 x 2-1/4
4.78
3/8 x 12
15.31
5/8 x 2-1/2
5.32
1/2 x 5/8
1.06
5/8 x 3
6.38
1/2 x 3/4
1.28
5/8 x 4
8.51
1/2 x 1
1.70
5/8 x 5
10.64
1/2 x 1-1/4
2.13
5/8 x 6
12.76
1/2 x 1-3/8
2.34
5/8 x 8
17.02
1/2 x 1-1/2
2.55
5/8 x 10
21.25
1/2 x 1-3/4
2.98
3/4 x 1
2.55
1/2 x 2
3.40
3/4 x 1-1/4
3.19
1/2 x 2-1/4
3.83
3/4 x 1-1/2
3.83
1/2 x 2-1/2
4.25
3/4 x 1-3/4
4.47
1/2 x 3
5.10
3/4 x 2
5.10
1/2 x 3-1/2
5.96
3/4 x 2-1/4
5.74
1/2 x 4
6.81
3/4 x 2-1/2
6.38
1/2 x 4-1/2
7.66
3/4 x 3
7.66
1/2 x 5
8.51
3/4 x 3-1/4
8.28
93
1018
Cold finished flat

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
3/4 x 3-1/2
8.93
1-1/4 x 1-1/2
6.38
3/4 x 4
10.21
1-1/4 x 1-3/4
7.44
3/4 x 5
12.76
1-1/4 x 2
8.50
3/4 x 6
15.31
1-1/4 x 2-1/4
9.56
3/4 x 7
17.87
1-1/4 x 2-1/2
10.63
3/4 x 8
20.42
1-1/4 x 3
12.75
3/4 x 10
25.52
1-1/4 x 4
17.00
3/4 x 12
30.63
1-1/4 x 6
25.50
7/8 x 1
2.98
1-1/2 x 2
10.20
7/8 x 1-1/4
3.71
1-1/2 x 2-1/4
11.50
7/8 x 1-1/2
4.46
1-1/2 x 2-1/2
12.75
7/8 x 2
5.95
1-1/2 x 3
15.30
1 x 1-1/4
4.25
1-1/2 x 4
20.40
1 x 1-3/8
4.68
1-1/2 x 5
25.50
1 x 1-1/2
5.10
1-1/2 x 6
30.60
1 x 1-3/4
5.95
1-3/4 x 2
11.90
1 x 2
6.80
1-3/4 x 2-1/2
14.88
1 x 2-1/4
7.65
1-3/4 x 4
23.80
1 x 2-1/2
8.80
2 x 2-1/2
17.00
1 x 3
10.20
2 x 3
20.40
1 x 3-1/2
11.90
2 x 4
27.20
1 x 4
13.60
2 x 5
34.00
1 x 4-1/2
15.30
2 x 6
40.80
1 x 5
17.00
2-1/2 x 3
25.50
1 x 6
20.40
2-1/2 x 4
34.00
1 x 7
23.80
3 x 3-1/2
35.70
1 x 8
27.20
3 x 4
40.80
1 x 10
34.03
3 x 6
61.20
1 x 12
40.84
94
4140
Cold finished flat
Thickness x Width (in. x in.)
3/8 x 1-1/4
1.59
1/2 x 1-1/2
2.55
5/8 x 2
4.25
3/4 x 1-1/4
3.19
1 x 1-1/2
5.10
1-1/4 x 2
8.50
1-1/2 x 2
10.20
95
Cold finished roUnd
Diameter (in.)
1/8
.04
3/16
.09
1/4
.17
5/16
.26
3/8
.38
7/16
.51
1/2
.67
9/16
.85
5/8
1.04
21/32
1.15
11/16
1.26
3/4
1.50
13/16
1.76
7/8
2.05
15/16
2.35
2.67
1-1/16
3.02
1-1/8
3.38
1-3/16
3.78
1-1/4
4.17
1-5/16
4.60
1-3/8
5.05
1-7/16
5.52
1-1/2
6.01
1-9/16
6.51
1-5/8
7.05
1-11/16
7.60
1-3/4
8.18
96
Cold finished roUnd
1018 1141 1144 12L14 1215 4140 8620
Diameter (in.)
1-7/8
9.39
1-15/16
10.02
10.68
2-1/8
12.06
2-3/16
12.78
2-1/4
13.52
2-3/8
15.06
2-7/16
15.87
2-1/2
16.69
2-5/8
18.40
2-3/4
20.19
2-7/8
22.10
2-15/16
23.04
24.03
3-1/4
28.21
3-7/16
31.55
3-1/2
32.71
3-5/8
35.09
42.73
4-1/2
54.08
66.76
5-1/2
80.78
96.13
6-1/2
112.82
170.90
12
384.50
97
tUrned GroUnd & Polished (tGP)
1045
Diameter(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
O. D. Diameter
Tolerance Plus
O. D. Diameter
Tolerance Minus
1/2
.67
0.000
0.002
5/8
1.04
0.000
0.002
3/4
1.50
0.000
0.002
7/8
2.05
0.000
0.002
2.67
0.000
0.0025
1-1/8
3.38
0.000
0.0025
1-3/16
3.77
0.000
0.0025
1-1/4
4.17
0.000
0.0025
1-3/8
5.05
0.000
0.0025
1-7/16
5.52
0.000
0.0025
1-1/2
6.01
0.000
0.0030
1-5/8
7.05
0.000
0.0030
1-11/16
7.62
0.000
0.0030
1-3/4
8.18
0.000
0.0030
1-15/16
10.02
0.000
0.0030
10.92
0.000
0.0030
2-3/16
12.78
0.000
0.0030
2-7/16
15.87
0.000
0.0030
2-15/16
23.04
0.000
0.0030
24.03
0.000
0.0030
3-1/8
26.08
0.000
0.0030
3-7/16
31.55
0.000
0.0030
Ask your salesperson about processing capabilities for keyed shafts.
98
keyed shaft With standard keyWays

Diameter of shaft
(in.)
Key set width x depth

(in. x in.)
1/2 - 9/16
1/8 x 1/16
Diameter of set screw

(in.)
10 - 24
5/8 - 7/8
3/16 x 3/32
1/4
15/16 - 1-1/4
1/4 x 1/8
5/16
1-5/16 - 1-3/8
5/16 x 5/32
5/16
1-7/16 - 1-3/4
3/8 x 3/16
3/8
1-13/16 - 2-1/4
1/2 x 1/4
1/2
2-5/16 - 2-3/4
5/8 x 5/16
5/8
2-13/16 - 3-1/4
3/4 x 3/8
3/4
3-5/16 - 3-3/4
7/8 x 7/16
3/4
We can custom key any Cold Drawn Bar.
Cold finished keystoCk
1018
Diameter (in.)
1/8
.05
3/16
.12
1/4
.21
5/16
.33
3/8
.48
7/16
.65
1/2
.85
9/16
1.08
5/8
1.33
3/4
1.91
7/8
2.61
3.40
99
Cold finished
1018 4140
sQUare
Width (in.)
1/8
.05
3/16
.12
1/4
.21
5/16
.33
3/8
.48
7/16
.65
1/2
.85
9/16
1.08
5/8
1.33
3/4
1.91
7/8
2.61
3.40
1-1/8
4.31
1-1/4
5.32
1-1/2
7.66
1-3/4
10.41
13.60
2-1/4
17.21
2-1/2
21.26
30.60
3-1/2
41.65
54.40
85.00
122.40
100
Cold finished hexaGon

1018 1144 12L14 1215 4140
Width
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/4
.18
5/16
.28
3/8
.41
7/16
.56
1/2
.73
9/16
.93
5/8
1.15
11/16
1.38
3/4
1.65
7/8
2.25
2.94
1-1/8
3.73
1-1/4
4.60
1-7/16
6.08
1-1/2
6.63
1-5/8
7.77
1-3/4
9.04
1-7/8
10.35
2-1/4
14.91
2-3/4
22.27
101
102
S tainleSS S teel P roPertieS & a PPlicationS

T303
Includes sulfur to improve machinability over T304. It is corrosion
resistant to atmospheric elements, as well as many chemicals, dyes
and foods. It used for machining applications in which formability
is not essential.
T304
The most common austenitic grade of stainless steel, offering good
corrosion resistance to atmospheric, industrial and many chemical
elements. It is formable, weldable and typically used for
applications in food processing, kitchen appliances, architectural
work and chemical containers. T304 is non-magnetic and not
hardenable through heat treatment.
T304L
Low carbon variation of T304 for improved weldability. It is
interchangeable with T304, but preferred for welding jobs,
particularly those with heavy gauge parts.
T316
A chrome-nickel steel with superior corrosion resistance to
atmospheric, chemical and industrial elements. It is often used in
marine applications, cooking applications, paper processing and
applications involving corrosive chemicals. It is typically nonmagnetic, unless cold-worked.
T316L
Low carbon variation of T316 for improved weldability.
It is interchangeable with T316, but preferred for welding jobs.
103
S tainleSS S teel P roPertieS & a PPlicationS

17-4-PH
A high strength stainless steel with excellent hardness and
corrosion resistance. It is used for high-strength fittings, valves,
bolts and medical instruments.
18-8
An iron based alloy that contains a nominal 18% chromium and
8% nickel. Super corrosion resistant, non-magnetic and hardenable
only by cold working.
416SS
Includes phosphorus and sulfer to improve machinability. Highest
machinability of stainless grades. Maximum corrosion resistance
is obtained by hardening and polishing. Magnetic in all conditions;
18-8 added An iron-based alloy that contains a nominal 18%
chromium and 8% nickel. Super corrosion resistant, non-magnetic
and hardenable only by cold working.
440C
Capable of acquiring the highest hardness of any of the corrosionresistant steels through heat treatment. It is magnetic in all
conditions and used for instrument bearings, nozzles and valves.
Welding is not recommended.
Diamond Tread Plate
Diamond tread plate is designed with 4-way raised lugs, providing
traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring
in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water. It
is also available in stainless steel and aluminum.
104
StainleSS angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
StainleSS angle
20 ft. random stock lengths
T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi
(in. x in. x in.)
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
.60
1 x 1 x 1/8
.81
1 x 1 x 3/16
1.17
1 x 1 x 1/4
1.50
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8
1.02
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 3/16
1.49
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/4
1.93
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8
1.24
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
1.81
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
2.35
2 x 2 x 1/8
1.66
2 x 2 x 3/16
2.45
2 x 2 x 1/4
3.20
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4
4.11
3 x 3 x 1/4
4.91
3 x 3 x 3/8
7.21
4 x 4 x 1/4
6.60
4 x 4 x 3/8
9.80
105
StainleSS Channel
C
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
B - Flange Width (in.)
StainleSS Channel
(A) Depth x (B) Flange width x (C) Web thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
2 x 1 x 1/4
3.20
3 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
4.10
3 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
6.15
4 x 2 x 1/4
6.95
6 x 1.9 x .343
8.32
106
StainleSS Flat
1/8 x 1/2
.23
1/8 x 3/4
.32
1/8 x 1
.44
1/8 x 1-1/4
.54
1/8 x 1-1/2
.66
1/8 x 2
.89
1/8 x 2-1/2
1.09
1/8 x 3
1.33
1/8 x 4
1.83
3/16 x 1/2
.32
3/16 x 3/4
.50
3/16 x 1
.68
3/16 x 1-1/4
.83
3/16 x 1-1/2
1.02
3/16 x 2
1.37
3/16 x 3
1.97
3/16 x 4
2.64
3/16 x 6
4.00
1/4 x 1/2
.44
1/4 x 3/4
.67
1/4 x 1
.90
1/4 x 1-1/4
1.10
1/4 x 1-1/2
1.31
1/4 x 2
1.75
1/4 x 2-1/2
2.19
1/4 x 3
2.63
1/4 x 4
3.50
1/4 x 5
4.25
107
StainleSS Flat*
lengths
12 ft. stock
1/4 x 6
5.33
1/4 x 8
6.80
5/16 x 3
3.21
3/8 x 3/4
.96
3/8 x 1
1.42
3/8 x 1-1/4
1.58
3/8 x 1-1/2
2.14
3/8 x 2
2.72
3/8 x 2-1/2
3.32
3/8 x 3
4.04
3/8 x 4
5.16
3/8 x 5
6.38
3/8 x 6
7.65
1/2 x 3/4
1.28
1/2 x 1
1.91
1/2 x 1-1/4
2.16
1/2 x 1-1/2
2.75
1/2 x 2
3.63
1/2 x 2-1/2
4.42
1/2 x 3
5.30
1/2 x 4
7.08
1/2 x 5
8.72
1/2 x 6
10.55
5/8 x 1-1/2
3.20
5/8 x 2
4.25
5/8 x 4
8.50
3/4 x 1-1/2
3.83
3/4 x 2
5.10
* Stainless flats 5/8" and thicker are True Bar.
108
StainleSS Flat*
3/4 x 2-1/2
6.37
3/4 x 3
7.65
3/4 x 4
10.20
1 x 1-1/4
4.25
1 x 1-1/2
5.10
1 x 2
7.25
1 x 2-1/2
8.50
1 x 4
13.60
2 x 3
20.40
2 x 4
27.27
* Stainless flats 5/8" and thicker are True Bar.
StainleSS Round

17-4 Tensile Strength: 160 ksi Yield Point: 145 ksi
440C Tensile Strength: 110 ksi Yield Point: 65 ksi
Diameter (in.)
1/8
.05
3/16
.10
1/4
.17
5/16
.27
3/8
.38
7/16
.52
1/2
.67
9/16
.85
5/8
1.05
3/4
1.51
109
StainleSS Round

440C Tensile Strength: 110 ksi Yield Point: 65 ksi
A416 Tensile Strength: 75 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi
Diameter (in.)
13/16
1.76
7/8
2.05
2.67
1-1/8
3.38
1-3/16
3.77
1-1/4
4.18
1-7/16
5.52
1-1/2
6.01
1-3/4
8.16
1-7/8
9.39
1-15/16
10.02
10.68
2-3/16
12.78
2-1/4
13.52
2-5/16
14.28
2-3/8
15.06
2-1/2
16.69
24.03
3-1/2
32.71
42.73
4-1/2
54.17
110

StainleSS halF Round
Diameter (in.)
1/2
.33
5/8
.52
3/4
.76
StainleSS thReaded Rod 12 ft. stock lengths

Diameter (in.)
Threads per in.
1/4
20
.12
5/16
18
.19
3/8
16
.29
1/2
13
.53
1/2
20
.53
5/8
11
.85
2.22
111
StainleSS SquaRe
Width (in.)
1/4
.21
3/8
.48
1/2
.85
5/8
1.83
3/4
1.91
3.40
1-1/4
5.31
13.60
StainleSS hexagon
Width (in.)
1/4
.18
3/8
.41
1/2
.74
5/8
1.15
3/4
1.66
7/8
2.25
2.95
112
StainleSS Plate*

T304L Tensile Strength: 75 ksi Yield Point: 30 ksi
T316L Tensile Strength: 75 ksi Yield Point: 30 ksi
Thickness (in.)
Width x Length (in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft.2)
3/16
48 x 96
8.60
3/16
48 x 120
8.60
3/16
60 x 120
8.60
1/4
48 x 96
11.23
1/4
48 x 120
11.23
1/4
60 x 120
11.23
1/4
72 x 120
11.23
5/16
48 x 120
13.75
5/16
60 x 120
13.75
3/8
48 x 96
16.50
3/8
48 x 120
16.50
3/8
60 x 120
16.50
7/16
60 x 120
19.08
1/2
48 x 120
21.65
1/2
60 x 120
21.65
9/16
60 x 120
24.25
5/8
60 x 120
26.83
3/4
60 x 120
32.12
7/8
60 x 120
37.29
48 x 120
42.67
60 x 120
42.67
1-1/4
60 x 120
53.00
1-1/2
60 x 120
63.34
1-5/8
60 x 120
66.37
1-3/4
60 x 120
73.67
60 x 120
84.01
2-1/2
60 x 120
* Our stainless plate is dual certified.
102.10
113
StainleSS diamond tRead Plate
StainleSS diamond tRead Plate

Thickness
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
1/8
48 x 120
6.15
3/16
48 x 96
8.71
1/4
48 x 120
11.25
1/4
48 x 144
11.25
Please see pages 45-46 carbon steel diamond tread plate and page 133 for 6061
and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate.
114
StainleSS Sheet
T304-2B T304 Polished T316
Gauge
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Tolerance
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per
sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
10
.1350
10
.1350
.006
48 x 96
5.69
.006
48 x 120
5.69
10
.1350
.006
60 x 120
5.69
11
.1200
.005
36 x 96
5.04
11
.1200
.005
48 x 96
5.04
11
.1200
.005
48 x 120
5.04
11
.1200
.005
60 x 120
5.04
12
.1054
.005
36 x 96
4.44
12
.1054
.005
48 x 96
4.44
12
.1054
.005
48 x 120
4.44
12
.1054
.005
60 x 120
4.44
13
.0900
.004
48 x 120
3.78
14
.0751
.004
36 x 120
3.15
14
.0751
.004
48 x 96
3.15
14
.0751
.004
48 x 120
3.15
14
.0751
.004
60 x 120
3.15
16
.0595
.003
36 x 96
2.53
16
.0595
.003
36 x 120
2.53
16
.0595
.003
48 x 96
2.53
16
.0595
.003
48 x 120
2.53
16
.0595
.003
60 x 120
2.53
18
.0480
.003
36 x 96
2.04
18
.0480
.003
48 x 96
2.04
18
.0480
.003
48 x 120
2.04
* A 2B finish is annealed, pickled and bright cold-rolled.

Special size orders available.
115
StainleSS Sheet
T304-2B T304 Polished T316
Gauge
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Tolerance
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per
sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
20
.0355
.002
36 x 96
1.54
20
.0355
.002
48 x 96
1.54
20
.0355
.002
48 x 120
1.54
22
.0293
.002
36 x 120
1.29
22
.0293
.002
48 x 96
1.29
22
.0293
.002
48 x 120
1.29
24
.0235
.0015
48 x 96
1.01
24
.0235
.0015
48 x 120
1.01
26
.0178
.0015
48 x 120
.76
* A 2B finish is annealed, pickled and bright cold-rolled.
116
StainleSS Flattened exPanded metal

Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled,
leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by
Strand width
Strand thickness
StainleSS Flattened
exPanded metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #18
.313 x 1.000
.093 x .040
.69
1/2 #16
.313 x 1.000
.093 x .050
.86
1/2 #13
.250 x 1.000
.132 x .080
1.78
3/4 #16
.750 x 1.813
.118 x .050
.57
3/4 #13
.625 x 1.750
.120 x .070
.86
Please see page 59 or 75 for carbon steel flattened expanded metal.
117
StainleSS PeRFoRated Sheet

ornamental purposes and applications requiring
ventilation, such as machine guards, screens,
strainers and filters.
Perforated sheet with round

staggered centers
StainleSS PeRFoRated Sheet

Hole
diameter
(in.)
Staggered centers Gauge Decimal

equivalent
(in.)
(in.)
% open
area
Weight
per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
1/16
1/8
20
.0355
23%
1.19
3/32
5/32
16
.0595
33%
1.73
1/8
3/16
20
.0355
40%
.92
1/8
3/16
16
.0595
42%
1.64
1/8
3/16
11
.1200
42%
2.63
3/16
5/16
11
.1200
33%
3.39
1/4
3/8
16
.0595
41%
1.52
Please see page 56 or 71 for carbon steel perforated sheet.
118
StainleSS Welded BaR gRating

19W4
4"
A
B
13/16"
a - BeaRing BaR B - CRoSS BaR
19W4 StainleSS

Thickness x Depth

Width x Length
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/16 x 1
36 x 288
7.10
1 in. and 1-1/2 in. stainless steel saddle clips are

available for anchoring bar grating.
Please see pages 49-51 for carbon steel welded bar grating.
Special size orders available.
119
StainleSS diamond gRiP gRating

Serrated edges around diamond shaped
openings provide slip resistance under
slippery conditions.
Rounded corners reduce the possibility
of stress cracks across saddles or at
the side of channels under various
loading conditions.
Self-cleaning due to the resilience of
the walking surface.
Light weight design provides for a

high strength-to-weight ratio.
StainleSS diamond gRiP gRating

(in. x ga. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
11-3/4 x 16 x 2
3.7
StainleSS SaFety-tRead laddeR RungS

Safety-Tread ladder rungs can be used for new
vertical ladders or as an overlay for existing
ladder rungs. They have traction buttons in 3 or 4
hole design, providing a safer alternative to pipe
or flat bar ladder treads.
Allowable loads and deflections:
C = concentrated load at center of span (lb.)
D = deflection resulting from concentrated load (in.)
All concentrated loads include a safety factor of 1.67.
StainleSS SaFety-tRead
laddeR RungS
5 ft. stock lengths
Safe load span
No.
Holes
Width
of
Rung
(in.)
1-5/8
280
.044
250
.051
225
.065
185
.080
1.10
2-1/4
415
.020
375
.029
340
.040
290
.050
1.20
16"
18"
20"
120
24"
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
StainleSS SquaRe tuBing

Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
18
.049
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
.63
16
.065
.83
14
.083
1.04
11
.120
1.44
1-1/4
16
.065
1.05
1-1/4
11
.120
1.84
1-1/2
14
.083
1.60
1-1/2
11
.120
2.25
1-1/2
3/16
.188
3.30
16
.065
1.71
14
.083
2.14
11
.120
3.07
3/16
.188
4.45
1/4
.250
6.01
11
.120
4.70
3/16
.188
6.90
1/4
.250
10.00
StainleSS SquaRe tuBing

Outside Dimension
(in.)
Wall gauge
Decimal equivalent
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1-1/2
16
.065
2.25
11
.120
3.07
121
StainleSS ReCtangulaR tuBing

Outside Dimension
(in. x in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1-1/2 x 1/2
16
.065
.82
2 x 1
18
.049
.97
2 x 1
11
.120
2.25
3 x 1
14
.083
2.16
3 x 2
11
.120
3.89
3 x 2
3/16
.188
5.75
4 x 2
11
.120
4.70
4 x 2
3/16
.188
6.90
4 x 2
1/4
.250
10.02
StainleSS ReCtangulaR tuBing 20 ft. random stock lengths

Outside Dimension
(in. x in.)
4 x 2
Wall thickness Decimal

equivalent
(in.)
(in.)
1/4
122
.250
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
10.02
Welded StainleSS Round tuBing

Outside Dimension
(in.)
Wall
gauge
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight per
ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/8
22
.028
.069
.029
1/4
20
.035
.180
.080
1/4
18
.049
.152
.105
3/8
20
.035
.305
.127
3/8
18
.049
.277
.171
1/2
20
.035
.430
.174
1/2
18
.049
.402
.236
1/2
16
.065
.370
.302
5/8
18
.049
.527
.301
5/8
16
.065
.495
.389
11/16
20
.035
.617
.200
3/4
18
.049
.652
.367
3/4
16
.065
.620
.476
16
.065
.870
.650
16
.065
1.870
1.343
123
SeamleSS StainleSS Round tuBing

Outside Dimension
(in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Wall
gauge
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight per
ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/8
24
.020
.085
.024
1/4
22
.028
.194
.066
3/8
18
.049
.277
.171
1/2
20
.035
.430
.174
1/2
18
.049
.402
.236
1/2
16
.065
.370
.302
3/4
16
.065
.620
.480
3/4
14
.083
.584
.59
16
.065
.870
.650
SCh. 40 StainleSS PiPe

Nominal Inside Nominal

Inside
Outside
per ft.
Dimension
Wall Thickness Dimension Dimension Weight
(lb./ft.)
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
1/2
.109
.622
.840
.86
3/4
.113
.824
1.050
1.14
.133
1.049
1.315
1.70
1-1/4
.140
1.380
1.660
2.29
1-1/2
.145
1.610
1.900
2.74
.154
2.067
2.375
3.70
.216
3.068
3.500
7.65
124
A luminum P roPerties & A PPlicAtions

Heat Treatable Alloys
2024
A high-strength aluminum alloyed with copper. It has fair
workability and corrosion resistance, with limited formability. It is used when
optimal strength-to-weight ratios are required, such as aircraft and medical uses.
6061
A general-purpose alloy with good formability, weldability and
corrosion resistance. Typical uses include those requiring welding or brazing,
structural applications, marine applications and
transportation equipment.
6063
An aluminum alloy with high quality surface finish. It is readily formed and
welded, although its machinability is only fair.
Applications include furniture, architectural and ornamental uses.
Non-Heat Treatable Alloys
3003
Alloyed with manganese to increase strength over commercially pure aluminum
(1100), but it is not as strong as commonly used grade 6061. It has excellent
workability and is readily welded or brazed. Its machinability is fair, improving
at higher tempers and increased speeds. Applications include those requiring
higher strength than commercially pure aluminum, including drawing, spinning,
food and chemical containers, heat exchangers and sheet metal work.
5052
A high strength and corrosion resistant aluminum alloy with good workability
and weldability. It is not recommended for brazing or soldering applications,
however. Machinability is fair and may require additional set-up. It is used for
fuel tanks, refrigerator
components, utensils, bumpers, and pressure vessels.
DiamonD Plate
Diamond plate is designed with 4-way raised lugs, providing traction for foot
traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water.
125
aluminum angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
A
B
6061 aluminum angle
6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi

(A) Flange x (B) Flange x
(C) Thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
(A) Flange x (B) Flange x

(C) Thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8
.13
2 x 2 x 1/8
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8
.21
2 x 2 x 3/16
.85
1 x 1/2 x 1/8
.20
2 x 2 x 1/4
1.13
1 x 1 x 1/8
.28
2 x 2 x 3/8
1.61
1 x 1 x 3/16
.40
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4
1.40
1 x 1 x 1/4
.51
3 x 2 x 1/4
1.40
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8
.35
3 x 3 x 1/4
1.68
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/4
.66
3 x 3 x 3/8
2.47
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8
.42
3 x 3 x 1/2
3.23
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
.62
4 x 4 x 1/4
2.28
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
.83
4 x 4 x 3/8
3.37
2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4
.96
6 x 4 x 3/8
4.24
6063 aluminum angle

(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8
.13
126
.58
aluminum Channel
C
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
B - Flange Width (in.)
6061 aluminum Channel

A. Depth x C.Web thickness B. Flange width
(in. x in.)
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
2 x .170
1.25
1.07
3 x .170
1.41
1.42
3 x .258
1.50
1.73
4 x .180
1.58
1.85
6 x .200
1.92
2.83
6063 aluminum Channel

A. Depth x B. Flange width x C. Web thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8
.29
1 x 1/2 x 1/8
.26
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8
.52
1-1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8
.33
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8
.62
1-3/4 x 1 x 1/8
.52
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/8
.71
2 x 1 x 1/8
.56
127
aluminum Flat
(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1/2
.08
3/8 x 1/2
.23
1/8 x 3/4
.11
3/8 x 3/4
.34
1/8 x 1
.15
3/8 x 1
.44
1/8 x 1-1/4
.18
3/8 x 1-1/4
.56
1/8 x 1-1/2
.22
3/8 x 1-1/2
.66
1/8 x 2
.30
3/8 x 2
.88
1/8 x 2-1/2
.37
3/8 x 2-1/2
1.10
1/8 x 3
.45
3/8 x 3
1.32
3/16 x 3/4
.17
3/8 x 3-1/2
1.58
3/16 x 1
.22
3/8 x 4
1.80
3/16 x 1-1/2
.33
3/8 x 5
2.20
3/16 x 2
.44
3/8 x 6
2.70
3/16 x 3
.66
3/8 x 8
3.54
3/16 x 4
.88
1/2 x 3/4
.45
1/4 x 1/2
.15
1/2 x 1
.60
1/4 x 5/8
.20
1/2 x 1-1/4
.75
1/4 x 3/4
.23
1/2 x 1-1/2
.88
1/4 x 1
.29
1/2 x 1-3/4
1.03
1/4 x 1-1/4
.38
1/2 x 2
1.18
1/4 x 1-1/2
.44
1/2 x 2-1/2
1.50
1/4 x 1-3/4
.53
1/2 x 3
1.76
1/4 x 2
.59
1/2 x 3-1/2
2.10
1/4 x 2-1/2
.75
1/2 x 4
2.35
1/4 x 3
.88
1/2 x 5
2.94
1/4 x 3-1/2
1.01
1/2 x 6
3.60
1/4 x 4
1.18
1/2 x 8
4.79
1/4 x 5
1.47
5/8 x 1
.74
1/4 x 6
1.76
5/8 x 1-1/4
.91
1/4 x 8
2.35
5/8 x 1-1/2
1.10
128
aluminum Flat
(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
5/8 x 2
1.50
1 x 2-1/2
3.00
5/8 x 3
2.17
1 x 3
3.59
3/4 x 1
.88
1 x 4
4.70
3/4 x 1-1/2
1.35
1 x 5
5.84
3/4 x 2
1.76
1 x 6
7.34
3/4 x 2-1/2
2.25
1-1/4 x 1-1/2
2.20
3/4 x 3
2.65
1-1/4 x 2
2.94
3/4 x 4
3.59
1-1/2 x 2
3.60
3/4 x 5
4.49
1-1/2 x 3
5.42
3/4 x 6
5.29
2 x 2-1/2
6.00
1 x 1-1/2
1.78
2 x 3
7.26
1 x 2
2.40
2 x 4
9.59
aluminum Flat
(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1-1/2
.90
3 x 6
21.60
1 x 1-3/4
2.10
3-1/2 x 9
36.86
1 x 2
2.40
4 x 6
28.76
1 x 2-1/2
3.00
5 x 6
35.10
1-3/4 x 3
6.33
6 x 8-1/2
59.67
3 x 4
14.11
129
aluminum RounD
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
Diameter
(in.)

Weight per ft.
(lb./ft.)
3/16
.03
1-3/4
2.83
1/4
.06
3.69
5/16
.09
2-1/8
4.16
3/8
.13
2-1/4
4.67
1/2
.23
2-1/2
5.77
5/8
.36
8.30
3/4
.52
3-1/2
11.76
7/8
.71
15.21
.92
4-1/2
18.67
1-1/8
1.17
23.54
1-1/4
1.44
33.22
1-3/8
1.67
46.57
1-1/2
2.08
59.05
1-5/8
2.41
aluminum RounD
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1
.92
130
aluminum SquaRe
Outside
dimension (in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
Outside
dimension (in.)

Weight per ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/4
.08
1-1/2
2.65
3/8
.17
1-3/4
3.67
1/2
.29
4.70
5/8
.46
2-1/4
6.08
3/4
.66
10.57
1.20
18.80
1-1/4
1.84
aluminum SquaRe
Outside dimension
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1
1.18
4.70
2-1/2
7.34
18.80
aluminum hexagon
Width
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/2
.26
5/8
.40
3/4
.57
131
aluminum Plate
Thickness
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
3/16
48 x 96
2.69
3/16
48 x 144
2.69
1/4
48 x 96
3.66
1/4
48 x 120
3.66
1/4
48 x 144
3.66
3/8
48 x 144
5.44
1/2
48 x 144
7.40
5/8
48 x 96
8.82
3/4
48 x 96
10.58
3/4
48 x 144
10.58
48 x 96
14.44
48 x 144
14.44
1-1/4
48 x 96
17.96
1-1/2
48 x 96
21.49
48 x 96
28.17
aluminum tool & Jig Plate*

Thickness
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
1/4
48 x 48
3.66
3/8
48 x 48
5.44
1/2
48 x 48
7.30
5/8
48 x 48
8.82
3/4
48 x 48
10.58
48 x 48
14.44
1-1/2
48 x 48
21.49
48 x 48
28.17
* Aluminum plate up to 1-1/2" thick is available saw-cut to size.

132
aluminum DiamonD tReaD Plate
6061 aluminum DiamonD tReaD Plate

Thickness
(in.)
Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
1/8
48 x 96
1.92
1/4
48 x 96
3.71
1/4
48 x 192
3.71
3/8
48 x 96
5.49
3/8
48 x 192
5.49
3003 aluminum DiamonD BRite tReaD Plate

Thickness (in.) Width x Length (in. x in.)
1/8
48 x 96
1.93
1/8
48 x 192
1.93
1/8
60 x 120
1.93
3/16
48 x 96
2.82
3/16
48 x 192
2.82
1/4
48 x 120
3.71
133
aluminum
3003 5052 6061
Sheet
Nominal thickness (in.)
Width x Length (in. x in.)
.025
48 x 96
.36
.032
36 x 96
.46
.032
48 x 96
.46
.032
48 x 120
.46
.040
48 x 96
.57
.050
48 x 96
.72
.050
48 x 120
.72
.063
36 x 96
.90
.063
48 x 96
.90
.063
48 x 120
.90
.063
48 x 144
.90
.080
48 x 96
1.13
.080
48 x 120
1.13
.090
48 x 96
1.26
.090
48 x 120
1.26
.090
48 x 144
1.26
.100
48 x 96
1.43
.125
48 x 96
1.79
.125
48 x 120
1.79
.125
48 x 144
1.79
.125
60 x 120
1.79
.190
48 x 96
2.69
.190
48 x 120
2.69
.190
48 x 144
2.69
134
aluminum RegulaR exPanDeD metal

Strand width
Strand thickness
aluminum RegulaR
exPanDeD metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #.051
.375 x .938
.094 x .051
.27
1/2 #.081
.375 x .938
.096 x .081
.44
aluminum FlatteneD exPanDeD metal

Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded
metal that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and
smooth surface. The length of the sheet is
elongated by approximately 5% and the width
remains the same.
Strand width
Strand thickness
aluminum FlatteneD
exPanDeD metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #.051
.313 x 1.000
.091 x .040
.26
1/2 #.081
.313 x 1.000
.103 x .060
.42
3/4 #.051
.750 x 1.813
.114 x .040
.05
3/4 #.081
.687 x 1.750
.172 x .070
.39
3/4 #.125
.625 x 1.750
.180 x .095
.65
135
aluminum DiamonD gRiP gRating

Serrated edges around diamond
shaped openings provide
slip resistance under
slippery conditions.
Rounded corners reduce the
possibility of stress cracks across
saddles or at the side of channels
under various loading conditions.
Self-cleaning due to the resilience
of the walking surface.
Light weight design provides for a

high strength-to-weight ratio.
aluminum DiamonD gRiP gRating

Width x Thickness x Height
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
7 x .080 x 2
1.2
9-1/2 x .080 x 2
1.4
11-3/4 x .080 x 2
1.6
Please see page 53 for carbon steel diamond grip grating and pages 54 or 120 for
stainless steel diamond grip grating.
136
aluminum exPanDeD metal gRating

Expanded metal grating is produced
from heavier plate than regular expanded
metal. It has larger diamonds and is
usually used for walkways and platforms.
Strand width
Strand thickness
aluminum exPanDeD
metal gRating
Style
(lb./ft.)
2

Width x Length

Size of strands (in.) Weight per sq. ft.
2
1.000 x 3.600
.235 x .250
Please see page 61 for carbon steel expanded metal grating.
137
2.00
aluminum SquaRe tuBing

Outside square Wall
Weight
dimension
thickness per ft.
(in.)
(in.)
(lb./ft.)
3/4
1/8
Outside square Wall

Weight
dimension
thickness per ft.
(in.)
(in.)
(lb./ft.)
.38
2-1/2
1/4
2.71
1/8
.53
1/8
1.69
1-1/4
1/8
.67
3/16
2.49
1-1/2
1/8
.83
1/4
3.23
1/8
1.13
1/8
2.32
1/4
2.10
1/4
4.41
aluminum ReCtangulaR tuBing

Outside Dimension
(in. x in.)
Wall thickness
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1-1/2 x 1
1/8
2 x 1-1/2
1/8
.96
3 x 2
1/8
1.40
4 x 2
1/8
1.69
138
.67
SCh. 40 aluminum PiPe

Nominal Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Nominal Wall Inside

Outside
per ft.
Thickness
Dimension Dimension Weight
(lb./ft.)
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
3/8
.091
.493
.675
.20
1/2
.109
.622
.840
.29
3/4
.113
.824
1.050
.39
.133
1.049
1.315
.58
1-1/4
.140
1.380
1.660
.79
1-1/2
.145
1.610
1.900
.94
.154
2.067
2.375
1.26
139
140
c Arbon t ube
And
P iPe P roPerties & A PPlicAtions
Tubing
Tubing is a hollow construction material produced to actual outside

dimensions. A variety of inside dimensions and wall thicknesses are
available to alter its strength. Because it is hollow, tubing is often used
for its high strength-to-weight ratio in a multitude of manufactured and
structural applications.
Mechanical Tubing
Conforms to ASTM A513, a low-carbon steel that offers good surface
finish and forming qualities. It is produced to exact outside and wall
thickness dimensions and used in a variety of manufactured and
fabricated applications. Mechanical tubing is not intended to convey
fluids or gases. Rather, it is used when strength, surface appearance and
dimensional accuracy are needed.
Structural Tubing
Conforms to ASTM A500, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is
easily welded, formed, punched and drilled. As its name suggests, it is
used for structural purposes and is not intended to convey gases or
liquids, as it has not been pressure tested.
Whether a product is denoted as mechanical or structural tubing refers to its
size and end-purpose. They are available in the following forms:
Electric Resistance Welded

The most common way of producing tubing, in which hot or cold rolled
sheet is gradually formed until the edges meet and are welded together
with an electric charge.
Seamless
In this process, a solid shape, usually a special quality bar, is pulled over
a mandrel while rotating to form a hollow tube. It is then further worked
to achieve the desired surface finish, wall thickness and diameter. Through
this process, a wide range of outside diameters and wall thicknesses
are possible.
141
c Arbon t ube
And
P iPe P roPerties & A PPlicAtions
Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM)

A cold drawn electric resistance welded tube with all flash removed and is
checked for soundess of the weld. It is normalized and cold drawn over a
mandrel to create a uniform, precise product. DOM tubing exhibits
excellent outside and inside diameter concentricity, often making it
preferred over seamless tubing.
Pipe
Pipe is a hollow round material produced to nominal inside dimensions.

The pipes schedule refers to its wall thickness. At Klein we stock
structural pipe, which is not intended for the conveyance of fluids
or gases.
142
SquaRe tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing
ASTM A513 Ultimate Strength: 87 ksi Yield Point: 72 ksi

Includes material with 1/2" - 2" outside dimension and 18 ga. - 3/16" wall
thickness.24 ft. stock lengths
structurAl tubing

Includes material with 1-1/2" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
thickness. 24, 40 and 48 ft. stock lengths
SquaRe tuBing
Outside Square Dimension Wall
(in.)
gauge
Decimal equivalent Weight per ft.

(in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/2
16
.065
.38
5/8
16
.065
.50
3/4
16
.065
.61
3/4
14
.083
.75
3/4
11
.120
1.03
18
.049
.63
16
.065
.81
1*
16
.065
.81
15
.072
.91
14
.083
1.04
12
.109
1.32
11
.120
1.44
1-1/4
16
.065
1.05
1-1/4
14
.083
1.32
1-1/4
12
.109
1.69
1-1/4
11
.120
1.84
1-1/4
3/16
.188
2.46
1-1/2
18
.049
.97
1-1/2
16
.065
1.27
1-1/2
14
.083
1.60
1-1/2
12
.109
2.06
1-1/2
11
.120
2.25
1-1/2
3/16
.188
3.35
* HRPO Hot rolled, pickled and oiled.

143
SquaRe tuBing
(in.)
gauge

(in.)
(lb./ft.)
1-1/2
3/16
.188
3.35
1-1/2
1/4
.250
4.00
1-3/4
14
.083
1.88
1-3/4
11
.120
2.66
16
.065
1.71
14
.083
2.16
12
.109
2.80
11
.120
3.07
3/16
.188
4.32
1/4
.250
5.41
2-1/2
11
.120
3.90
2-1/2
3/16
.188
5.61
2-1/2
1/4
.250
7.11
14
.083
3.29
11
.120
4.75
3/16
.188
6.87
1/4
.250
8.81
5/16
.313
10.58
3/8
.375
12.50
3-1/2
11
.120
5.64
3-1/2
3/16
.188
8.15
3-1/2
1/4
.250
10.51
11
.120
6.46
3/16
.188
9.42
1/4
.250
12.21
5/16
.313
14.83
3/8
.375
17.27
1/2
.500
21.63
3/16
.188
12.00
1/4
.250
15.62
3/8
.375
22.37
1/2
.500
28.43
144
SquaRe tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing

Includes material with 1/2" - 2" outside dimension and 18 ga. - 3/16" wall
thickness. 24 ft. stock lengths
structurAl tubing

Includes material with 1-1/2" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
thickness. 24, 40 and 48 ft. stock lengths
SquaRe tuBing
thickness
(in.)
(in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
3/16
.188
14.53
1/4
.250
19.02
5/16
.313
23.24
3/8
.375
27.48
1/2
.500
35.24
1/4
.250
22.42
3/8
.375
35.28
1/4
.250
25.82
3/8
.375
37.71
1/2
.500
48.85
10
1/4
.250
32.63
10
3/8
.375
47.90
10
1/2
.500
62.46
12
3/8
.375
58.10
12
1/2
.500
76.07
145
ReCtangulaR tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing

Includes material with 1/2" - 1-1/4" outside dimension. and 18 ga. - 14 ga. wall
structurAl tubing

Includes material with 1" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
ReCtangulaR tuBing
Outside Dimension
(in. x in.)
Wall gauge
Decimal equivalent
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1 x 1/2
16
.065
.61
1-1/2 x 3/4
14
.083
1.18
1-1/2 x 1
16
.065
1.05
1-1/2 x 1
11
.120
1.84
2 x 1
18
.049
.97
2 x 1
16
.065
1.25
2 x 1
14
.083
1.60
2 x 1
11
.120
2.25
2 x 1-1/4
14
.120
2.46
2 x 1-1/4
11
2 x 1-1/2
11
.120
2.66
2-1/2 x 1
14
.083
1.88
2-1/2 x 1
11
.120
2.66
2-1/2 x 1-1/2
11
.120
3.07
2-1/2 x 1-1/2
3/16
.188
4.32
2-1/2 x 1-1/2
1/4
.250
5.41
3 x 1
14
.083
2.16
3 x 1
11
.120
3.07
3 x 1-1/2
14
.083
2.45
3 x 1-1/2
11
.120
3.48
3 x 1-1/2
3/16
.188
5.07
3 x 1-1/2
1/4
.250
6.80
3 x 2
14
.083
2.73
3 x 2
11
.120
3.90
146
ReCtangulaR tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing

Includes material with 1/2" - 1-1/4" outside dimension and 18 ga. - 14 ga. wall
thickness, 24 ft. stock lengths
structurAl tubing

Includes material with 1" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
thickness, 24 ft. stock lengths
ReCtangulaR tuBing
Outside Dimension
(in. x in.)
Wall gauge
Decimal equivalent
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
3 x 2
3/16
.188
5.61
3 x 2
1/4
.250
7.11
3.29
4 x 2
14
.083
4 x 2
11
.120
4.75
4 x 2
3/16
.188
6.87
4 x 2
1/4
.250
8.81
4 x 2
5/16
.313
10.58
4 x 2
3/8
.375
12.17
4 x 3
3/16
.188
8.15
4 x 3
1/4
.250
10.51
4 x 3
5/16
.313
12.70
4 x 3
3/8
.375
14.71
5 x 2
11
.120
5.60
5 x 2
3/16
.188
8.15
10.51
5 x 2
1/4
.250
5 x 3
11
.120
6.22
5 x 3
3/16
.188
9.42
5 x 3
1/4
.250
12.21
5 x 3
5/16
.313
14.83
5 x 3
3/8
.375
17.30
5 x 4
1/4
.250
13.90
6 x 2
11
.120
6.46
6 x 2
3/16
.188
9.42
6 x 2
1/4
.250
12.21
6 x 2
3/8
.375
17.27
6 x 3
3/16
.188
10.70
147
ReCtangulaR tuBing
Outside Dimension
(in. x in.)
Wall thickness Decimal

equivalent
(in.)
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
6 x 3
1/4
.250
13.91
6 x 3
3/8
.375
19.82
6 x 4
3/16
.188
12.00
6 x 4
1/4
.250
15.62
6 x 4
3/8
.375
22.37
6 x 4
1/2
.500
28.43
7 x 3
1/4
.250
15.62
7 x 4
1/4
.250
17.32
8 x 2
3/16
.188
12.00
8 x 2
1/4
.250
15.62
8 x 2
3/8
.375
22.37
8 x 3
3/16
.188
13.30
8 x 3
1/4
.250
17.32
8 x 3
3/8
.375
24.93
8 x 4
3/16
.188
14.53
8 x 4
1/4
.250
19.02
8 x 4
3/8
.375
27.48
8 x 4
1/2
.500
35.24
8 x 6
3/16
.188
17.13
8 x 6
1/4
.250
22.42
8 x 6
3/8
.375
32.58
8 x 6
1/2
.500
42.05
10 x 2
1/4
.250
19.30
10 x 3
1/4
.250
20.72
10 x 4
3/16
.188
17.08
10 x 4
3/8
.375
32.58
10 x 6
3/16
.188
19.63
10 x 6
1/2
.500
48.85
10 x 8
1/2
.500
55.70
12 x 2
1/4
.250
22.95
12 x 4
1/4
.250
25.82
12 x 8
1/4
.250
32.63
148
galvanizeD teleSPaR tuBing with holeS

Telespar tubing is square, perforated
and welded at each corner to allow tubes
to telescope into the next larger size. This
allows for easy, fast adjustment of height
and reinforcement. It is most commonly
used as an economical, easy-to-use
choice for sign posts.
galvanizeD teleSPaR tuBing*

Outside Dimension
(in.)
Wall
gauge

(in.)
(lb./ft.)
12
.109
1.20
1-1/4
12
.109
1.56
1-1/2
12
.109
1.92
1-3/4
12
.109
2.27
12
.109
2.63
*Holes are 7/16" diameter and 1" on center.
149
RounD tuBing
ASTM A500 GR B Structural, 58 ksi Yield Point 46 ksi
welDeD, SeamleSS, Dom
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/4
22
.028
.194
.066
3/8
20
.035
.305
.127
3/8
18
.049
.277
.171
3/8
16
.065
.245
.220
1/2
18
.049
.402
.240
1/2
16
.065
.370
.302
1/2
11
.125
.250
.501
5/8
18
.049
.527
.301
5/8
16
.065
.433
.389
5/8
11
.120
.385
.647
5/8
3/16
.188
.250
.877
3/4
16
.065
.620
.476
3/4
14
.083
.584
.591
3/4
11
.120
.510
.807
3/4
3/16
.188
.375
1.128
7/8
16
.065
.745
.562
7/8
11
.120
.635
.967
16
.065
.870
.649
14
.083
.834
.812
13
.095
.810
.918
11
.120
.760
1.128
3/16
.188
.625
1.630
1/4
.250
.500
2.003
1-1/16
13
.095
.873
.982
1-1/8
11
.120
.885
1.288
1-1/4
18
.049
1.152
.628
1-1/4
16
.065
1.120
.822
150
(continued)
RounD tuBing
ASTM A500 GR B Welded, Seamless DOM
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1-1/4
14
.083
1.084
1.034
1-1/4
13
.095
1.060
1.172
1-1/4
1-1/4
11
3/16
.120
.188
1.010
.875
1.448
2.132
1-1/4
1/4
.250
.750
2.670
1-1/4
16
.065
1.124
.82
1-1/4
5/16
.312
.626
3.12
1-3/8
3/16
.188
2.38
1-3/8
11
.120
1.135
1.608
1-3/8
5/16
.313
.750
3.550
1-1/2
16
.065
1.370
.996
1-1/2
14
.083
1.334
1.256
1-1/2
13
.095
1.310
1.426
1-1/2
11
.120
1.260
1.842
1-1/2
3/16
.188
1.125
2.634
1-1/2
1/4
.250
1.000
3.338
1-1/2
5/16
.312
.875
3.968
1-1/2
3/8
.375
.750
4.506
1-5/8
11
.120
1.385
1.929
1-5/8
10
.134
1.357
2.134
1-5/8
3/16
.188
1.250
2.885
1-5/8
3/8
.375
.875
5.000
1-3/4
16
.065
1.620
1.170
1-3/4
14
.083
1.584
1.478
1-3/4
13
.095
1.560
1.679
1-3/4
11
.120
1.510
2.089
1-3/4
1/4
.250
1.250
4.005
1-7/8
5/32
.156
1.563
2.860
1-7/8
3/16
.188
1.500
3.390
16
.065
1.870
1.343
151
(continued)
RounD tuBing
A500 GR B Welded, Seamless DOM
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
14
.083
1.834
1.699
11
.120
1.760
2.409
3/16
.188
1.625
3.638
1/4
.250
1.500
4.673
3/8
.375
1.250
6.508
2-1/8
3/16
.188
1.749
3.900
2-1/8
1/4
.250
1.625
5.1
2-1/8
3/8
.375
1.375
7.010
2-1/4
11
.120
2.010
2.730
2-1/4
1/4
.250
1.750
5.340
2-1/4
5/16
.313
1.624
6.480
2-1/4
3/8
.375
1.500
7.510
2-1/4
1/2
.500
1.250
9.345
2-3/8
1/4
.250
1.875
5.675
2-1/2
11
.120
2.260
3.050
2-1/2
1/4
.250
2.000
6.008
2-1/2
3/8
.375
1.750
8.511
2-1/2
1/2
.500
1.500
10.680
2-3/4
3/16
.188
2.375
5.144
2-7/8
3/16
.188
2.515
5.450
2-7/8
5/16
.313
2.249
8.560
2-7/8
9/16
.563
1.749
13.900
16
.065
2.870
2.037
11
.120
2.760
3.691
3/16
.188
2.625
5.646
1/4
.250
2.500
7.343
152
(continued)
RounD tuBing
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
3
3
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
5/16
.313
2.374
8.98
1/2
.500
2.000
13.350
3-1/4
5/32
.156
2.935
5.155
3-1/4
1/4
.250
2.750
8.010
3-1/4
3/16
.188
2.875
6.15
3-1/2**
11
.120
3.260
4.332
3-1/2
1/4
.250
3.000
8.680
3-1/2
5/16
.312
2.875
10.650
3-1/2
1/2
.500
2.500
16.020
3-5/8
1/4
.250
3.125
9.010
3-5/8
3/8
.375
2.875
13.02
3-3/4
3/8
.375
3.000
13.520
3-3/4
1.000
1.750
29.370
3-3/4
3/16
.188
3.375
7.15
3-3/4
5/16
.312
3.125
11.49
4*
11
.120
3.760
4.973
3/16
.188
3.625
7.654
1/4
.250
3.500
10.010
1/2
.500
3.00
18.690
1.000
2.000
32.040
4-1/8
3/8
.375
3.375
15.020
4-1/4
3/8
.375
3.500
15.520
4-3/8
5/16
.312
3.749
13.560
4-1/2
11
.120
4.260
5.613
4-1/2
5/16
.312
3.875
14.000
4-1/2
5/8
.625
3.250
25.870
4-1/2
3/4
.750
3.000
30.040
4-3/4
3/4
.750
3.250
32.040
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
5*
11
.120
4.760
6.254
5-1/4
1/4
.250
4.500
12.680
5-1/4
3/8
.375
4.500
19.520
5-1/4
5/8
.625
4.000
30.870
153
(continued)
RounD tuBing
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Wall gauge or
thickness (in.)
Decimal
equivalent
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
5*
11
.120
4.760
6.254
5-1/4
1/4
.250
4.500
12.680
5-1/4
3/8
.375
4.500
19.520
5-1/4
5/8
.625
4.000
30.870
5-1/2
1/2
.500
4.500
26.700
5-3/4
3/8
.375
5.000
21.530
14
.083
5.834
5.245
6*
11
.120
5.760
7.840
3/8
.375
5.250
22.530
6-1/2
3/16
.188
6.125
12.670
6-1/2
5/8
.625
5.250
39.220
6-3/4
3/4
.750
5.250
48.060
3/8
.375
6.250
26.530
7-1/4
3/8
.375
6.500
27.530
7-3/4
3/4
.750
6.250
56.070
10-3/4
1/2
.500
9.750
54.750
* 4", 5" and 6" O.D. 11 gauge tubing is ASTM 500, with a tensile strength of
58 psi and yield point of 46 psi.
** HRPO
154
SCh. 40 PiPe
Nominal Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Nominal Wall
Thickness
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/8
.068
.269
.405
.24
1/4
.088
.364
.540
.43
3/8
.091
.493
.675
.57
1/2
.109
.622
.840
.85
3/4
.113
.824
1.050
1.13
.133
1.049
1.315
1.68
1-1/4
.140
1.380
1.660
2.27
1-1/2
.145
1.610
1.900
2.72
.154
2.067
2.375
3.65
2-1/2
.203
2.469
2.875
5.79
.216
3.068
3.500
7.58
3-1/2
.226
3.548
4.000
9.11
.237
4.026
4.500
10.79
.258
5.047
5.563
14.62
.280
6.065
6.625
18.97
.322
7.981
8.625
28.55
10
.365
10.020
10.750
40.48
12
.375
12.000
12.750
49.56
155
galvanizeD SCh. 40 PiPe

Nominal Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Nominal Wall Inside

Thickness
Dimension
(in.)
(in.)
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/4
.088
.364
.540
.44
3/8
.091
.493
.675
.63
1/2
.109
.622
.840
.89
3/4
.113
.824
1.050
1.19
.133
1.049
1.315
1.76
1-1/4
.140
1.380
1.660
2.38
1-1/2
.145
1.610
1.900
2.86
.154
2.067
2.375
3.83
2-1/2
.203
2.469
2.875
6.08
.216
3.068
3.500
7.95
.237
4.026
4.500
11.39
.280
6.065
6.625
19.92
156
SCh. 80 PiPe
Nominal Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Nominal Wall
Thickness
(in.)
Inside
Dimension
(in.)
Outside
Dimension
(in.)
Weight
per ft.
(lb./ft.)
1/2
.147
.546
.840
1.09
3/4
.154
.742
1.050
1.47
.179
.957
1.315
2.17
1-1/4
.191
1.278
1.660
3.00
1-1/2
.200
1.500
1.900
3.63
.218
1.939
2.375
5.02
2-1/2
.276
2.323
2.875
7.66
.300
2.900
3.500
10.25
3-1/2
.318
3.344
4.000
12.51
.337
3.826
4.500
14.98
.375
4.813
5.563
20.78
.432
5.761
6.625
28.57
.500
7.625
8.625
43.39
10
.500
9.750
10.750
54.74
157
158
b rAss , b ronze , c oPPer & c Ast i ron

P roPerties & A PPlicAtions
Brass
C360
Provides superior machinability and is ideally suited for highspeed machining applications. It is readily soldered and brazed
and has good corrosion resistance. It is used for gears, pinions,
plumbing and screw machining.
C385
A leaded brass, often referred to as architectural bronze, that is
readily hot forged, pressed, formed and bended, with good
machinability. Welding is not recommended. It is used in many
architectural and ornamental applications.
Bronze
C932
Bearing bronze with excellent load-capacity and anti-friction
characteristics. It is machinable and is particularly suited for
medium speed, medium load machining. It also resists many
chemicals. Typical applications include machine tools, motors,
automotive uses, cranes and elevators.
C954
The most widely used aluminum bronze. It has excellent strength,
ductility, toughness and resistance to fatigue and deformation when
under shock or overload. It is weldable and typically used for a
variety of industrial applications.
Copper
C110
Provides very high electrical conductivity, ductility and corrosion
resistance. It can be readily hot formed, cold worked, welded and
soldered. Applications include forming, drawing and spinning.
159
c Ast i ron m AteriAl s election
for
g eArs
Gray
G2 Class 40
The metallurgical characteristics are pearlite matrix and flake
graphite. It is best suited for moderate strength, good wear as-cast,
as well as excellent damping. Examples include balance shaft
gears, lightly loaded drive gears, and large printing press gears.
Ductile
80-55-06
Ferrite with 50% pearlite matrix and nodular graphite make up the
metallurgical characteristics. Being higher in strength, it is best
suited for higher hardness, increased wear, and good heat treat
response when flame or induction hardened. Examples include
balance shaft gears, printing press gears, rotary screw compressors,
and pump gears.
160
BRaSS angle
CDA 385 Tensile Strength: 60 ksi Yield Point: 20 ksi
Flange x Flange x Thickness
(in. x in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1 x 1 x 1/8
.89
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16
1.91
BRaSS Flat
Thickness x Width
(in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1
.46
1/8 x 1-1/2
.69
1/8 x 2
.92
1/4 x 1/2
.45
1/4 x 1
.92
1/4 x 1-1/2
1.38
1/4 x 2
1.84
1/4 x 3
2.76
3/8 x 1-1/2
2.07
3/8 x 2
2.76
3/8 x 3
4.15
3/8 x 4
5.53
1/2 x 3/4
1.36
1/2 x 1-1/2
2.76
1/2 x 2
3.68
1/2 x 3
5.53
3/4 x 3
8.29
161
BRaSS RounD
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/8
.04
7/8
2.21
3/16
.10
2.89
1/4
.18
1-1/8
3.66
5/16
.28
1-1/4
4.51
3/8
.40
1-3/8
5.50
7/16
.55
1-1/2
6.50
1/2
.72
1-3/4
8.85
5/8
1.13
26.00
3/4
1.63
BRaSS SquaRe
Width
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
Width
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/4
.23
3.68
1/2
.92
1-1/2
8.28
3/4
2.07
BRaSS hexagon
Width
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1
3.19
162
aluminum BRonze Flat 12 ft. stock lengths

Thickness x Width
(in. x in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1-1/2
3.13
5/8 x 1-1/2
3.67
3/4 x 1-1/2
4.43
1-1/2 x 3
16.09
aluminum BRonze RounD 12 ft. stock lengths

Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1-1/2
6.51
11.17
3-1/2
33.54
4-1/2
56.67
79.54
133.73
220.33
BRonze RounD tuBe

Outside Dimension Inside Dimension
(in.)
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
2-1/4
1-3/8
11.09
2-1/2
1-3/8
14.63
2-3/4
21.54
3-1/2
1-1/4
34.74
4-1/2
56.59
9-1/2
8-1/2
71.83
163
CoPPeR Flat
(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1/2
.24
1/4 x 3
2.91
3/16 x 1-1/2
1.09
1/4 x 4
3.84
1/4 x 1
.97
1/2 x 4
7.74
1/4 x 2
1.93
CoPPeR RounD
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1/4
.19
3/8
.43
164
CaSt iRon Flat
ClaSS 40

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
1/2 x 2

(in. x in.)
(lb./ft.)
3.47
1-1/2 x 8
37.44
1 x 2
9.14
1-3/4 x 8
45.00
1 x 3
12.20
2 x 4
31.28
1 x 3-1/2
14.47
2 x 6
46.00
1 x 5
21.00
3 x 5
49.53
1 x 6
26.00
3 x 6
65.93
1-1/2 x 3
18.36
3 x 8
79.08
1-1/2 x 5
28.66
CaSt iRon RounD

ClaSS
40
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
5/8
1.20
97.19
3.00
131.81
1-1/2
6.33
171.98
11.00
10
270.79
2-1/2
17.70
12
406.00
24.25
13
474.00
3-1/2
33.33
14
551.42
49.86
16
717.79
DuCtile CaSt iRon RounD

Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)

Diameter
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
93.30
13
454.80
165.30
16
677.10
12
401.57
165
CaSt iRon SquaRe
ClaSS 40
Width
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
1-1/2
7.25
16.53
34.50
59.94
90.02
CaSt iRon RounD tuBe
Outside Dimension Inside Dimension

(in.)
(in.)
Weight per ft.

(lb./ft.)
ClaSS 40
8-1/2
3-1/2
166.87
10
178.83
11
248.98
12
6-1/2
286.90
15
506.82
166
gloSSaRy
AISI - American Iron & Steel Institute - an association of North American Steel producers in response to the need for a cooperative agency in the iron and steel industry for collecting and disseminating statistics and information, carrying on investigations, providing a forum for the discussion of problems and generally advancing the interests of the
industry. AISI spearheads initiatives to favorably profile the industrys reputation.
ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers - Founded in 1880, this group promotes the art, science and practice of mechanical and multidisciplinary engineering and
allied sciences around the globe.
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials - an international standards
organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a
wide range of materials, products, systems. Using a consensus process, ASTM supports
thousands of volunteer technical committees, which draw their members from around the
world and collectively develop and maintain more than 12,000 standards.
Abrasion Resistant (AR) Steel: Steel capable of resisting the gradual removal of its surface as a result of contact with another material.
Alloy Steel: Steel with an additional element or increased level of an element, other than
carbon, to alter its mechanical properties. Common alloying elements include nickel,
chromium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon and copper.
Annealing: The process of putting material in its softest form for further
processing. It is usually done through heating to the appropriate temperature, and then
cooling under controlled conditions.
Blanchard Ground Ground on two sides and leaves a specific finish pattern. This is
technically referred to as rotary surface grinding (removing material to bring within tolerance).
Brinell Hardness Number (BHN): Measurement of a metals hardness. The higher the
number, the higher its hardness.
Case-Hardening: Process of hardening a ferrous alloy in order to significantly harden its
surface compared to its interior.
Chemical Composition: The combination of elements that determines the
characteristics of a grade of steel.
Cold Rolling/Finishing: Forming process in which steel is drawn through dies at room
temperature, producing tighter tolerances, improved finish and
straightness than hot rolled steel.
167
gloSSaRy
Corrosion: Reaction of steel to its environment resulting in chemical
deterioration of the material.
Ductility: The extent to which a metal can undergo permanent deformation without
fracturing.
Fatigue Resistance: Ability of a metal to withstand repeated stress below its ultimate
strength.
Flash: Excess material that is formed along a welded seam.
Forging: The process of forming hot metal into the desired shape through
hammering or pressing.
Free Machining: Refers to steel that includes additives, typically lead or sulfur, to reduce
power consumption, create a superior surface finish, and increase tool life in cutting
operations.
Galvanizing: Application of a protective zinc coating to cold-reduced sheet, bar or structurals to make the material more corrosion resistant.
Galvannealing: Application of a protective zinc coating, which is then heat
treated to produce a zinc-iron alloy, making it more resistant to corrosion and scratching than galvanized steel. Galvannealed sheet can be painted or finished without further
preparation. Simple forming and bending will not damage the protective coating.
Gauge A decimal-of-an-inch. (ie. 16 gauge - .0598.)
Hardenability: The distribution and depth to which hardness can be induced in a material
through quenching.
Hardness: The extent to which a material can resist penetration or puncturing.
Heat Treatment: Any process in which a metal is heated in order to alter its physical
properties.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLA): Group of steels with specifically
formulated chemical compositions to create high mechanical property values and, in
some cases, high resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
Kanban - a scheduling system that tells you what to produce, when to produce it, and
how much to produce. There is a need for purchasing history, and quantity information
in order to establish a Kanban. There are rules to what should be in a Kanban and what
shouldnt.
168
gloSSaRy
Kerf - The width of a cut.
Killed Steel deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent such as silicon or aluminum
in order to reduce the oxygen content to a minimum so that no reaction occurs between
carbon and oxygen during solidification.
Kitting the bringing together of multiple different parts that could come from multiple
different processes within the Manufacturing warehouse. Think Bill of Material, you
give us a list of random parts, we give you back all different pieces in the quantities you
ask for, all in one bucket/skid.
Mechanical Properties: A materials characteristics pertaining to its reaction when a force
is applied or the degree to which it is stressed or strained.
Normalizing: The process of allowing steel to cool from forging heat to room temperature
in order to relieve internal stresses resulting from forging.
Notch Toughness: The degree to which steel can absorb energy without
fracturing.
Pickle: Chemical or electro-chemical removal of surface oxide, followed by an application of oil to prevent rust.
Quenching: Rapid cooling of steel in order to create specific mechanical and physical
properties.
Semi-Killed Variable degrees of uniformity in composition which are intermediate between those of killed and rimmed steel. They are deoxidized less than killed steels. This
type of steel is used primarily for most applications of structural shapes and plates.
Structural Quality: Material produced under regular manufacturing
specifications and suitable for load-bearing applications.
Tensile Strength: The maximum weight per square inch that a material will carry before
breaking under a slowly applied, gradually increasing load.
Toughness: The degree to which a material can absorb energy and deform
plastically before breaking.
Ultimate Strength: The maximum conventional stress (tensile, compressive, shear) that a
material can withstand per square inch before breaking.
Yield Strength: The load at which a material exceeds its elastic limit and will not return to
its original length or shape if the stress is removed.
169
170
EstimatEd mEchanical ProPErtiEs of stEEl

The mechanical properties shown below are for general information purposes
and are for steels in the as-rolled condition except where noted.
Estimated minimum values for hot rolled and cold drawn carbon steel bars
can normally be expected in sizes ranging from 3/4 to 1 1/4, and are based
on standard tensile test specimens with 2 inch gauge lengths per ASTM-E8.
Yield strength values shown for the quenched and temperatured condition are
determined by the .2% offset method per ASTM-E8.
casE hardEning or low carbon bars (as rollEd)

AISI No.
Condition
of Steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
% Red.
of Area
M1020
Hot Rd.
55
30
25
50
1018
Hot Rd.
58
32
25
Cold Dr.
64
54
15
BR.
Machinability
Rating
111
B62
50
50
116
B65
52
40
126
B70
70
Hardness
Core: carburized at 1700F., cooled, reheated to 1425, 350 Q & T.

92,00
56
27
48
195
B92
10L18
Cold Dr.
64
54
15
40
126
B70
80
1020
Hot Rd.
55
30
25
50
111
B62
52
1025
TG&P
58
32
25
50
116
B65
50
12L14
Cold Dr.
78
60
10
35
165
B85
180
12L14 +TE
Cold Dr.
78
60
10
35
165
B85
250
1215
Cold Dr.
78
60
10
35
165
B85
136
1117
Hot Rd.
62
34
23
47
121
B68
90
Cold Dr.
69
58
15
40
137
B75
90
11L17
96.5
59
23
53
195
B92
Hot Rd.
62
34
23
47
121
B68
100
Cold Dr.
69
58
15
40
137
B75
125
86L20
97
60
23
53
197
B92
Hot Rd.
91
66
25
64
185
B90
88
Cold Dr.
103
86
23
58
210
B95
92
E4320
135
105
21
54
262
C26
Hot Rd.
84
61
29
58
165
B85
55
Cold Dr.
98
81
18
54
205
B94
60
Core: carburized at 1700F., cooled, reheated to 1500, 300 oil Q & T.

218
178
14
48
429
(continued)
171
(continued)
casE hardEning or low carbon bars (as rollEd)

AISI No.
Condition
of Steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
4615-17
Hot Rd.
Cold Dr.
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
% Red.
of Area
82
62
28
99
84.6
19
BR.
Machinability
Rating
65
185
B90
58
61
210
B95
64
Hardness

110
80
25
61
229
C20
4620
Hot Rd.
85
63
28
64
185
B90
58
E4620
Cold Dr.
101
85
22
60
207
B90
64

C8615/
8617
8620
Hot Rd.
120
89
22
55
248
C24
82
60
31
62
150
B80
70

109
76
17
52
255
C25
Hot Rd.
89
65
25
63
190
B91
60
Cold Dr.
102
85
22
58
210
B95
63

129
99
21
52
255
C25
mEdium carbon or dirEct hardEning bars

AISI No.
Condition
of Steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
% Red.
of Area
1035
Hot Rd.
72
39.5
18
40
BR.
Machinability
Rating
143
B90
65
Hardness
Water Quenched, 1550F.-Tempered 1000F.

103
72
23
59
201
B94
162
B84
56
77
12
35
180
B89
65
M1044
Hot Rd.
80
44
16
40
1045
Hot Rd.
82
45
16
40
Cold Dr.
91
65
120
90
18
52
240
C22
1045
TG&P
82
45
16
40
162
B84
56
1137
Cold Dr.
88
B89
70
1141
48
15
35
180
Oil Quenched, 1550F.-Tempered 1000F.
112
88
21
56
255
C25
Hot Rd.
94
51.5
15
35
190
B91
65
Cold Dr.
105
B95
70
126
88
10
30
210
100
19
54
277
C29
(continued)
172

(continued)

Hardness
Machinability
Rating
(C1212=100)
AISI No.
Condition
of Steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
% Red.
of Area
1141
TG&P
94
51.5
15
35
190
B91
65
1141
Drawn,
105
88
10
30
205
B94
70
Hot Rd.
94
51.5
15
35
185
B90
95
Cold Dr.
105
88
10
30
205
B94
100
G&P
11L41
BR.

1144
126
101
20
54
277
C29
Hot Rd.
97
53
15
35
210
B95
64
Cold Dr.
108
90
10
30
217
C22
80

E4130
129
100.5
18
53
278
C30
*Hot Rd.
86
56
29
57
185
B90
65
*Cold Dr.
98
87
21
52
200
B93
70

4140
146
133
17
50
293
C31
*Hot Rd.
89
62
26
58
190
B91
57
*Cold Dr.
102
90
18
50
228
B98
66
153
4147-50
*Hot Rd.
100

131
16
45
302
66
21
51
195
C32
B92
54

41L40-42
158
134
14
42
311
C33
*Hot Rd.
91
63
27
58
185
B90
87
*Cold Dr.
103
93
19
51
228
B98
90

156
133
16
44
311
C33
41L47/50
*Hot Rd.
103
69
23
51
205
B94
80
Rounds
*Cold Dr.
112
95
16
43
228
B98
85
162
4150
*Hot Rd.
103
Mod. RS
Flats,
160

138
14
40
311
69
23
51
205
135
14
41
311
C33
B94
73
C33
Sqs.
(continued)
*Annealed
173

(continued)

AISI No.
Condition
of Steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
% Red.
of Area
4340
*Hot Rd.
101
69
21
C4340
*Cold Dr.
111
99
16
E6150
*Hot Rd.
BR.
Machinability
Rating
(C1212=100)
45
210
B95
45
42
228
B98
55
Hardness

182
162
15
40
363
C39
91
B90
58
22
53
185
50

E8740
*Cold Dr.
155
132
15
44
302
C32
107
96
17
48
228
B98
66

1095
Hot Rd.
152
129
15
44
302
C32
120
66
10
25
271
C28

52100
200
138
12
37
390
*Hot Rd.
100
81
25
57
192
C42
39
*Cold Dr.
107
87.5
17
54
229
41
Spher.
Annld
*Annealed
hEat trEatEd bars/minimum mEchanical ProPErtiEs

Properties are at center of bars up to 1 1/2, and at mid-radius of bars over 1 1/2. Yield
strength-0.2% or .02% offset as indicated per ASTM-E8.
Trade name
or Grade
Thermal
Condition
ASTM A182
HR
Tensile
Strength
(KSI) Range or
Min.
Min.
Yield
Strength
(KSI)
Min.
%
Elong.
in 2
Min.
%
Red.
of
Area
75-95
45
20
45
156/207
Surface
Hardness
Brinell
HRC
Machinability
Rating
(1212=100)
Gr. F22 C1.3

ASTM A739
N&T
C1.BC B22
ASTM A193
HR & CF
Gr. B7
QTSR
ASTM A434
C1.BC
130
110
16
50
269/321
28/34
55
Over 11/2 - 21/2 125
105
16
50
255/321
25/34
55
Over 21/2 - 4
115
95
16
50
255/321
25/34
Over 4 - 7
110
85
18
50
248/302
24/32
(continued)
Thru 11/2
55
55
Thru 7
(continued)
174

(continued)

Tradename
or Grade
Thermal
Condition
MIL-S-1222
HR
Gr. B16
QTSR
Tensile
Strength
(KSI) Range or
Min.
Min.
Yield
Strength
(KSI)
Min.
%
Elong.
in 2
Min.
%
Red.
of
Area
Surface Harness
Brinell
HRC
Machinability
Rating
(C1212=100)
Thru 21/2
125
110
18
50
255/302
25/32
Over 21/2 -3
120
110
18
50
255/302
25/32
Thru 2
115
100
25
83
Over 2 - 3
115
100
20
83
Over 3 - 41/2
115
100
20
140
125
15
280 Min.
30 Min.
150
130
10
37
302 Min.
32 Min.
(Mean)
(Mean)
125
100
15
45
269/321
27/34
70
241/302
23/32
62
ASTM A193
Stressproof
CD
ASTM A311
As Drawn
Heavy Draft
Fatigue-
Elevated
Proof
Temp
SAE 1144
Drawn
e.t.d. 150
Elevated
83
80
Temp
Drawn
41L40/42/47
HR & CF
QTSR
4150
Norm
Mod. RS
& SR
HR Square
Thru 6
3 -6
4150
QTSR
Mod. RS
HR Rounds
4140/42
130
110
16
50
262/311
27/33
62
Over 11/2 - 21/2 125
105
16
50
262/311
27/33
62
Over 21/2 - 4
115
95
16
45
262/311
27/33
62
Over 4 - 7
110
85
16
45
262/311
27/33
62
7 - 91/2
105
80
15
40
262/321
27/34
62
Over 91/2
105
80
14
40
262/321
27/34
62
55
Thru 11/2
QTSR
ASTM A434
HR
Over 7
105
80
15
40
269/321
28/34
CLBC
CF DGP
Thru 1
110
130
16
50
269/321
28/34
175
55
(continued)
(continued)

Trade-name
or Grade
Thermal
Condition
4340
HRQTSR
Min.
Yield
Strength
(KSI)
Min.
%
Elong.
in 2
Min.
%
Red.
of
Area
155
130
14
Over 11/2 - 21/2 150
120
Over 21/2 - 4
140
110
Over 4 - 7
135
7 - 91/2
Over 91/2
Brinell
HRC
Machinability
Rating
(C1212=100)
35
302/363
32/39
52
14
35
302/363
32/39
52
14
35
302/363
32/39
52
105
14
35
302/363
32/39
52
130
100
14
35
302/363
32/39
52
130
100
14
35
302/363
32/39
52
Tensile
Strength
(KSI) Range or
Min.
Thru 11/2
Surface Harness
ASTM A434
CI.BD
TGPQT
Nitralloy
HRQTSR
120
90
16/15
50/40
293 Max.
31 Max.
50
135
CFQTSR
120
90
16
50
285 Max.
30 Max.
50
Mid - rad.
PlatEs - actual ProPErtiEs

Properties shown for annealed and as rolled alloy plate are based on single test result.
They will vary considerably dependent on thickness.
Condition
of steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
%
Elong.
in 8
Approx.
Brinell
Hardness
As Rolled
____
____
____
____
____
As Rolled
58 - 80
36 Min.
23
20
137
As Rolled
65 Min.
50 Min.
21
18
143
As Rolled
70 Min.
50 Min.
____
16
156
ASTM A588(A)
As Rolled
70 Min.
50 Min.
19
16
156
ASTM A656 Gr. 50
As Rolled
60 Min.
50 Min.
____
20
123/159
ASTM A656 Gr. 80
As Rolled
95 Min.
80 Min.
18
12
212/255
18
____
Type
General Purpose
1008/1010
Structural Quality Carbon
ASTM A36, ASME SA36
INX50, EX-TEN 50
ASTM A572(50)
Cor-Ten A
ASTM A242
Cor-Ten B
RQC-100
Q&T
110
176
100
229
(continued)

(continued)
PlatEs - actual ProPErtiEs

Properties shown for annealed and as rolled alloy plate are based on single test result.
They will vary considerably dependent on thickness.
Type
Condition
of steel
Tensile
Strength
KSI
Yield
Strength
KSI
%
Elong.
in 2
%
Elong.
in 8
Approx.
Brinell
Hardness
T-1 Type A ASTM A514 Gr. B
Q&T
110 - 130
100 Min.
16
____
235/293
T-1 Type B ASTM A514 Gr. H
Q&T
110 - 130
100 Min.
16
____
235/293
235/293
T-1 ASTM A514 Gr. F
Q&T
110 - 130
100 Min.
16
____
T-1 Type C ASTM A514 Gr. Q
Q&T
110 - 130
90 Min.
14
____
235/293
As Rolled
55 - 75
30 Min.
27
23
137
70 - 90
38 Min.
21
17
163
Pressure Vessel Quality Carbon

ASTM A285, ASME SA285 Gr. C
ASTM A516, ASME SA516 Gr. 70
ASTM A387, ASME SA387 Gr. II
Ann.
60 - 85
35 Min.
22
19
135/174
ASTM A387, ASME SA387 Gr. 22
N&T
75 - 100
45 Min.
18
____
149/207
As Rolled
90
50
____
____
187
E-Z Cut 20
As Rolled
67
38
31
____
133
Clean Cut 20
As Rolled
70
45
30
____
163
187
Intermediate Carbon
AISI 1045
Improved Machining Carbon
As Rolled
92
45
20
____
As Rolled
____
____
____
____
212/255
321 Min. BHN
Q&T
____
____
____
____
321 Min.
Wearform 400
Q&T
____
____
____
____
360/440
Wearform 500
Q&T
____
____
____
____
477 Min.
Domex 100
As Rolled
110
100
15
____
228 Min.
Domex 110
As Rolled
118
110
15
____
245 Min.
4130
As Rolled
90
52
28
____
179
4140
Annealed
95
54
25
____
197
229
197
E-Z Cut 45
Abrasion Resisting
AR Carbon
T-1 Type A
Through Hardening
4340 MTS
Annealed
100
58
21
____
E6150
Annealed
97
55
23
____
E4150
Norm & Temp.
14
____
145
115
262/321
(continued)
177

(continued)
mEchanical tubing
Seamless, Welded, and D.O.M.
SAE No.
C**
Mn
P Max.
S Max.
1008/1010
15 Max.
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1018
15 - 20
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1020
15 - 25
0.30 - 0.90
____
____
1026
21 - 28
0.60 - 0.90
____
____
4140/42
38/45
0.70 - 1.00
____
____
** Carbon limits are minimum and maximum on check analysis, while the other elements
are subject to SAE Standard Variations for check analyses.
Additional elements include Silicon - .15/.35, chromium - .80/1.00 and molybdenum - .15/.25.
carbon stEEl tubing

SAE Minimum Properties/Not Tested
Strength, PSI
SAE
Designation
Condition
Tensile
Yield
% Elong
in 2
Brinell
Hardness
1018
Hot Rolled
52,000
32,000
28
107
Cold Drawn
85,000
65,000
10
174
Hot Rolled
70,000
47,000
28
116
Cold Drawn
87,000
72,200
10
179
HREW
52,000
38,000
12
107
DOM
70,000
60,000
10
140
DOM
85,000
75,000
174
46,000*
23
____
Seamless
1026
Welded
1020
1026
Structural
ASTMA500(B)
Cold Formed
58,000*
*Specified Minimum
178
aluminum mEchanical ProPErtiEs

tyPical ProPErtiEs for comParison only
Tension
Strength,
KSI
Alloy
and
Temper
Ultimate
% Elong
in 2
Ultimate
Shear
Strength,
KSI
Endurance1
Limit,
KSI
Mod. 2
of
Elast.
KSI x 103
Yield
1/16
Th.
1/2
Th.
Brinell
Hardness*
____
19
10.0
23
10.0
26
10.0
30
10
6.5
10.0
35
11
6.5
10.0
1060-0
10
43
1060-H12
12
11
16
1060-H14
14
13
12
1060-H16
16
15
1060-H18
19
18
____
1100-0
13
35
45
23
10.0
1100-H12
16
15
12
25
28
10
10.0
1100-H14
18
17
20
32
11
10.0
1100-H16
21
20
17
38
12
10.0
1100-H18
24
22
15
44
13
10.0
____
____3
____
____
____
____
____
10.0
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
1350-0
12
1350-H12
14
12
1350-H14
16
14
1350-H16
18
16
1350-H19
27
24
____
____4
2011-T3
55
43
____
2011-T8
59
45
____
____
2014-0
27
14
2014-T4, T451
62
42
2014-T6, T651
70
60
____
____
9
10
____
____
10.0
10.0
____
____
11
15
10.0
15
95
32
18
10.2
12
100
35
18
10.2
18
45
18
13
10.6
20
105
38
20
10.6
13
135
42
18
10.6
____
____
____
____
18
____
10.5
____
____
____
Alclad 2014-0
25
10
21
Alclad 2014-T3
63
40
20
Alclad 2014-T4, T451
61
37
22
68
60
10
____
____
22
22
37
37
____
____
10.0
10.5
10.5
41
____
45
18
13
105
38
18
10.5
10.5
10.5
2017-0
26
20
2017-T4, T451
62
40
____
2018-T61
61
46
____
12
120
39
17
10.8
22
____
47
18
13
10.6
120
41
20
10.6
120
41
20
10.6
130
42
18
10.6
2024-0
27
11
20
224-T3
70
50
18
2024-T4, T351
68
47
20
2024-T3615
72
57
13
19
____
(continued)
179

(continued)

Tension
Strength,
KSI
Alloy
and
Temper
Ultimate
% Elong
in 2
Yield
1/16
Th.
1/2
Th.
Brinell
Hardness*
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Alclad 2024-0
26
11
20
Alclad 2024-T3
65
45
18
64
62
19
Alclad 2024-T3615
67
53
11
Alclad 2024-T81, T851
65
60
Alclad 2024-T8615
70
66
Ultimate
Shear
Strength,
KSI
Endurance1
Limit,
KSI
Mod. 2
of
Elast.
KSI x 103
18
____
10.6
40
40
41
40
42
____
____
____
____
____
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.2
2025-T6
58
37
____
19
110
35
18
10.4
2036-T4
49
28
24
____
____
____
186
10.3
27
70
28
14
10.3
____
____
____
10.6
2117-T4
43
24
____
2124-T851
70
64
____
2218-T72
48
37
____
11
95
10.8
____
30
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
10.6
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
15
10.6
15
10.6
15
10.6
2219-0
25
11
18
2219-T42
52
27
20
2219-T31, T351
52
36
17
2219-T37
57
46
11
2219-T62
60
42
10
2219-T81, T851
66
51
10
2219-T87
69
57
10
____
____
____
10.6
10.6
10.6
2618-T61
64
54
____
10
115
38
18
10.8
3003-0
16
30
40
28
11
10.0
3003-H12
19
18
10
20
35
12
10.0
3003-H14
22
21
16
40
14
10.0
3003-H16
26
25
14
47
15
10
10.0
3003-H18
29
27
10
55
16
10
10.0
____
11
____
10.0
Alclad 3003-0
16
30
40
Alclad 3003-H12
19
18
10
20
Alclad 3003-H14
22
21
16
Alclad 3003-H16
26
25
14
Alclad 3003-H18
29
27
10
____
3004-0
26
10
20
25
3004-H32
31
25
10
3004-H34
35
29
3004-H36
38
3004-H38
41
____
____
____
12
14
15
____
____
____
10.0
10.0
10.0
16
____
45
16
14
10.0
17
52
17
15
10.0
12
63
18
15
10.0
33
70
20
16
10.0
36
77
21
16
10.0
10.0
(continued)
180

(continued)

Tension
Strength,
KSI
% Elong
in 2
Alloy
and
Temper
Ultimate
Yield
1/16
Th.
1/2
Th.
Brinell
Hardness*
____
Alclad 3004-0
26
10
20
25
Alclad 3004-H32
31
25
10
17
Alclad 3004-H34
35
29
12
Alclad 3004-H36
38
33
Alclad 3004-H38
41
36
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Ultimate
Shear
Strength,
KSI
Endurance1
Limit,
KSI
Mod. 2
of
Elast.
KSI x 103
16
____
10.0
17
18
20
____
____
____
21
____
12
____
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
3105-0
17
24
3105-H12
22
19
3105-H14
25
22
3105-H16
28
25
3105-H18
31
28
3105-H25
26
23
120
38
16
11.4
____
11
____
____
28
____
10.0
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
36
14
41
14
46
15
51
16
____
36
15
12
10.0
46
17
13
10.0
53
18
13
10.0
58
19
14
10.0
63
20
14
10.0
4032-T6
55
46
____
5005-0
18
25
5005-H12
20
19
10
5005-H14
23
22
5005-H16
26
25
5005-H18
29
28
5005-H32
20
17
11
5005-H34
23
20
5005-H36
26
24
5005-H38
29
27
____
____
____
____
14
15
16
17
15
14
14
15
16
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5050-0
21
24
5050-H32
25
21
5050-H34
28
24
5050-H36
30
26
5050-H38
32
29
____
5052-0
28
13
25
30
47
18
16
10.2
5052-H32
33
28
12
18
60
20
17
10.2
5052-H34
38
31
10
14
68
21
18
10.2
5052-H36
40
35
10
73
23
19
10.2
5052-H38
42
37
77
24
20
10.2
____
35
65
26
20
10.3
10
105
34
22
10.3
15
100
32
22
5056-0
42
22
5056-H18
63
59
5056-H38
60
50
____
____
____
____
____
10.3
(continued)
181

(continued)

Tension
Strength,
KSI
% Elong
in 2
Alloy
and
Temper
Ultimate
Yield
1/16
Th.
1/2
Th.
Brinell
Hardness*
5083-0
42
21
____
22
____
5083-H321, H116
46
33
____
16
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Ultimate
Shear
Strength,
KSI
Endurance1
Limit,
KSI
Mod. 2
of
Elast.
KSI x 103
25
____
____
10.3
23
10.3
23
____
____
10.3
____
5086-0
38
17
22
5086-H32, H116
42
30
12
5086-H34
47
37
10
5086-H112
39
19
14
____
____
27
____
____
58
22
17
10.2
67
22
18
10.2
73
24
19
10.2
78
26
20
10.2
80
28
____
21
10.2
17
10.2
68
21
____
23
____
10.0
75
58
22
17
10.2
67
22
18
10.2
73
24
19
10.2
78
26
20
10.2
80
21
10.2
63
28
____
17
10.2
62
23
____
24
____
10.2
73
81
26
____
70
23
62
23
____
____
____
____
22
____
____
____
16
90
30
____
32
12
____
48
16
55
18
5154-0
35
17
27
5154-H32
39
30
15
5154-H34
42
33
13
5154-H36
45
36
12
5154-H38
48
39
10
5154-H112
35
17
25
____
____
____
____
____
____
5252-H25
34
25
11
5252-H38, H28
41
35
____
____
5254-0
35
17
27
5254-H32
39
30
15
5254-H34
42
33
13
5254-H36
45
36
12
5254-H38
48
39
10
5254-H112
35
17
25
____
5454-0
36
17
22
____
5454-H32
40
30
10
____
____
____
____
____
____
5454-H34
44
35
10
5454-H111
38
26
14
5454-H112
36
18
18
____
5456-0
45
23
5456-H112
45
24
5456-H321, H116
51
37
____
____
____
____
5457-0
19
22
5457-H25
26
23
12
5457-H38, H28
30
27
24
____
____
____
63
____
____
____
____
____
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.0
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.0
10.0
10.0
(continued)
182

(continued)

Tension
Strength,
KSI
% Elong
in 2
Alloy
and
Temper
Ultimate
Yield
1/16
Th.
1/2
Th.
Brinell
Hardness*
Ultimate
Shear
Strength,
KSI
Endurance1
Limit,
KSI
Mod. 2
of
Elast.
KSI x 103
5652-0
28
13
25
30
47
18
16
10.2
5652-H32
33
28
12
18
60
20
17
10.2
5652-H34
38
31
10
14
68
21
18
10.2
5652-H36
40
35
10
73
23
19
10.2
5652-H38
42
37
77
24
20
10.2
____
40
14
____
10.0
50
15
5657-H25
23
20
12
5657-H38, H28
28
24
____
____
10.0
6061-0
18
25
30
30
12
10.0
6061-T4, T451
35
21
22
25
65
24
14
10.0
6061-T6, T651
45
40
12
17
95
30
14
10.0
____
____
____
____
11
____
10.0
Alclad 6061-0
17
25
33
19
22
42
37
____
____
____
____
22
____
10.0
27
____
25
10
10.0
____
42
____
14
____
9
____
10.0
____
60
17
10
10.0
73
22
10.0
82
22
10
____
70
18
____
27
____
10.0
95
____
10.0
6063-0
13
12
____
6063-T1
22
13
20
6063-T4
25
13
22
6063-T5
27
21
12
6063-T6
35
31
12
6063-T83
37
35
6063-T831
30
27
10
6063-T832
42
39
____
6066-0
22
12
12
____
43
14
6066-T4, T451
52
30
____
18
18
90
29
____
6066-T6, T651
57
52
____
12
120
34
16
10.0
6070-T6
55
51
10
34
14
10.0
6101-H111
14
11
____
____
____
____
____
32
28
15
71
20
____
10.0
6101-T6
____
6262-T9
58
55
10
120
35
13
10.0
6463-T1
22
13
20
____
42
14
10
10.0
6463-T5
27
21
12
60
17
10
10.0
6463-T6
35
31
12
74
22
10
____
____
____
____
____
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
(continued)
183

(continued)

Tension
Strength,
KSI
% Elong
in 2
Ultimate
Shear
Strength,
KSI
Endurance1
Limit,
KSI
Mod. 2
of
Elast.
KSI x 103
____
10.4
Alloy
and
Temper
Ultimate
Yield
1/16
Th.
1/2
Th.
Brinell
Hardness*
7050-T451
76
68
____
11
____
44
7075-0
33
15
17
16
60
22
____
7075-T6, T651
83
73
11
11
150
48
23
10.4
Alclad 7075-0
32
14
17
____
____
____
76
67
11
____
10.4
____
22
46
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
7178-0
33
15
15
16
7178-T6, T651
88
78
11
7178-T76, T7651
83
73
10
____
11
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Alclad 7178-0
32
14
16
81
71
10
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.4
10.4
*500 kg load; 10mm ball.

1. Based on 500,000,000 cycles of completely reversed stress using the R. R. Moore type of machine and specimen.
2. Average of tension and compression moduli. Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tension modulus.
3. 1350-0 wire will have an elongation of approximately 23% in 10 inches.
4. 1350-H19 wire will have an elongation of approximately 1 1/2% in 10 inches.
5. Tempers T361 and T861 were formerly designated T36 and T86.
6. Based on 107 cycles using flexural type testing of sheet specimens.
184
mEchanical ProPErtiEs of nickEl

minimum ProPErtiEs at room tEmPEraturE
Grade
Condition
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset) KSI
% Elongation
in 2
20
HR Annealed Plate
80.0
35.0
30
200
HR Bar
60.0
15.0
35
CD Bar
75.0 - 80.0
50.0 - 60.0
10 - 15
CR Annealed Sheet
55.0
15.0
40
HR Annealed Plate
55.0
15.0
40
254SMO
C276
330
400
R405
K500
600
625
800H
800AT
CD Bar
94.0
44.0
35
CR Annealed Sheet
94.0
44.0
35
HR Annealed Plate
94.0
44.0
35
HR Annealed Bar
100.0
41.0
40
HR Annealed Plate
100.0
41.0
40
HR Annealed Bar
70.0
30.0
30
CR Annealed Sheet
70.0
30.0
30
HR Annealed Plate
70.0
30.0
30
HR Bar
70.0 - 80.0
25.0 - 40.0
30 - 35
CD Bar
110.0
85.0
CD SR Bar
84.0 - 87.0
50.0 - 60.0
10 - 25
CR Annealed Sheet
70.0
28.0
35
HR Annealed Plate
70.0 -85.0
28.0
35
CD Hexes
85.0 - 110.0
50.0
8 - 15
CD SR Bar
85.0 - 110.0
50.0
8 - 15
HR Bar
140.0
100.0
20
HR Annealed Bar
130.0
85.0 - 90.0
20
HR Forging Quality Bar
140.0
100.0
20
HF Aged Bar
140.0
100.0
20
CD Bar
135.0 - 145.0
95.0 - 110.0
15 - 20
20
CD Annealed Bar
130.0
85.0 - 90.0
CD Annealed Aged Bar
130.0
85.0 - 90.0
20
HR Annealed Bar
85.0
35.0
30
CD Bar
105.0 - 120.0
80.0 - 90.0
7 - 12
CR Annealed Sheet
80.0
35.0
30
HR Annealed Plate
80.0
35.0
30
HR Annealed Plate
120.0
60.0
30
30
HR Annealed Bar
65.0
25.0
CR Annealed Sheet
65.0
25.0
30
HR Annealed Plate
65.0
25.0
30
(continued)
185
(continued)
mEchanical ProPErtiEs of nickEl
minimum ProPErtiEs at room tEmPEraturE

Grade
825
Condition
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset) KSI
% Elongation
in 2
HR Annealed Bar
85.0
35.0
30
CR Annealed Sheet
85.0
35.0
30
HR Annealed Plate
85.0
35.0
30
dEnsitiEs of nickEl
Alloy
Density
lbs. per cu. in.
Conversion
Factor
Density
lbs. per cu. in.
200
.321
1.006
718
.296
.928
201
.321
1.006
X-750
.298
.934
Alloy
Conversion
Factor
400
.319
1.000
751
.298
.934
R-405
.319
1.000
800
.290
.909
K-500
.306
.959
802
.283
.887
600
.304
.953
825
.294
.922
601
.291
.912
C902
.293
.918
625
.305
.956
20
.292
.900
coPPEr alloys
tyPical mEchanical ProPErtiEs
SAE Minimum Properties/Not Tested
C110
H04
C360
H02
C464
H02
C485
H02
C932
As Cast
C954
As Cast
Tensile KSI
48
58
75
75
35
85
Yield KSI
44
45
53
53
20
32
Elongation % in 2
16
25
22
15
10
12
Rockwell Hardness
80F min.
60/80B
82B
82B
ASTM Specs.
B133/187
B16
B21
B21
B505
B505
(continued)
186
stainlEss stEEl findEr

(continued)
austEnitic.chromE-nickEl
(Non-Hardening)
303
304
304L
309
310
316
316L
321
Chromium
17. - 19.
18. - 20.
18. - 20.
22. - 24.
24. - 26.
16. - 18.
16. - 18.
Nickel
8. - 10.
12. - 15.
____
19. - 22.
____
10. - 14.
9. - 12.
5.15 - .4
8. - 11.
____
10. - 14.
Other Elements (a)
8. - 11.
____
Mo 2. - 3.
Mo 2. - 3.
Ti5xCmin
Chemical Comp. (%)

17. -19.
Carbon
15 max
.08 max
.03 max
.20 max
.25 max
.08 max
.03 max
.08 max
Manganese
2. max
2. max
2. max
2. max
2. max
2. max
2. max
2. max
Silicon
1. max
1.max
1. max
1. max
1. max
70
48
48
1.5 max
____
1. max
Machinability Rating
1. max
____
45
45
50
Melting-F
2550
2550
2550
2550
2550
2550
2550
2550
Density-lb./in. 3
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
Physical Data
Specific HeatBtuF/lb(32-212F)
Thermal conductivity
BTU/ft 3 /hr/F/ft:
212 F
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.0
8.0
9.4
9.4
9.3
932 F
12.4
12.4
12.4
10.8
10.8
12.4
12.4
12.8
Mean Coeffi. of
exp.-in/inF x 10 6
68-212F
9.2
9.2
9.2
8.7
8.0
9.2
9.2
8.3
68 to indicated-F
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.7
10.7
10.6
(1600)
(1600)
(1600)
(2100)
(2100)
(1600)
(1600)
(1700)
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.02
1.02
1.02
Electrical Prop.
Magnetic permeability
Electrical-resistivity68 F
72.0
72.0
72.0
78.0
72.0
116.0
116.0
116.0
114.8
78.0
____
74.0
1200 F
116.0
116.0
72.0
____
Intermittent
1400
1600
1600
1800
1900
1600
1600
1600
Continuous
1700
1700
1700
2000
2100
1700
1700
Heat Resist.
Max. operating F
1700
(continued)
187

(continued)
austEnitic.chromE-nickEl
(Non-Hardening)
303
304
304L
309
310
316
316L
321
Temperatures - F
2200
Forging - start
2250
2200
2200
2150
2150
2200
2200
Forging - finish
1700
1700
1700
1800
1800
1700
1700
1700
Annealing - Ranges
1800-
1800-
1800-
2050-
2050-
1975-
1800-
1800-
Annealing - cooling (b)
2000
1950
1950
2150
2150
2150
2000
2000
Hardening - ranges
WQ
WQ(AC)
AC
WQ(AC)
WQ(AC)
WQ(AC)
AC
WQ(AC)
Quenching (O) Oil, (A) Air

Tempering - for hardness
Hardening only by cold working
Drawing - for stress relieving

Mech. Prop. (nominal) anld.
Structure annealed (SA)
Yield strength-KSI-min.
35
35
30
40
30
35
30
35
90
85
80
95
75
85
75
85
in 2 inches-min
50
55
55
45
40
60
60
55
Red. in area-% min.
55
70
70
65
50
70
70
65
Ultimate strength
KSI-min.
Elong-%
Mod. of elast.lb/in.2 x 106
29
29
29
29
30
29
29
29
Hardness-Brinell (max)
160 min
180
180
200
180
200
180
200
Hardness-Rockwell (max)
B80 min
B90
B90
B95
B90
B95
B90
B95
60
85
80
80
80
70
80
80
Impact values-lzod
-ft-lb (min)
Mech. Prop.-HT
Yield strength-KSI
In the case of the chromium-nickel types, mechanical properties higher than in the
Ultimate strength-KSI
annealed condition are only produced by cold rolling or cold drawing, and ultimate
Elongation
-% in 2 inches
Hardness-Brinell
strengths up to 350,000 psi for wire and 250,000 psi for strip can be obtained. Within
those limits standard requirements of 1/4 hard, 1/2 hard, 3/4 hard and full hard are
furnished.
Hardness-Rockwell
Creep Strength
KSI at 1000 F
1% Flow in 10,000 hr
1% Flow in 100,000 hr
____
____
19
19
22
32
24
24
18
13
13
12
17
15
15
10.8
(continued)
188

(continued)
martEnistic/chromE
Martenistic/Chrome
(Hardenable)
410
416
Chromium
11. - 14.
Nickel
Other Elements (a)
.50 max
____
Ferretic
(Non-Hardenable)
440C
430
12. - 14.
16. - 18.
16. - 18.
.50 max
.075 max
5.15 min
Mo. 40 - 65
.50 max
____
Chemical Comp. (%)
Carbon
.15 max
.15 max
.95 - 1.2
.12 max
Manganese
1. max
1.25
1.0
1. max
Silicon
1. max
1.00
1.0
Machinability Rating
60
90
40
1. max
____
Melting-F
2700
2700
2500
2600
Density-lb./in. 3
.028
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
212 F
14.4
14.4
____
932 F
16.6
16.6
14.0
____
68-212F
5.5
5.6
5.8
68 to indicated-F
6.4 (1300)
6.8 (1300)
6.2 (1600)
6.6 (1500)
Magnetic
Magnetic
Magnetic
Magnetic
57.0
108.7
57
____
60.0
____
60.0
____
Intermittent
1500
1400
1500
1600
Continuous
1300
1250
1400
1500
Physical Data:
Specific HeatBtuF/lb(32-212F)
Thermal conductivity
BTU/ft 2 /hr/F/ft:
____
Mean Coeffi. of
exp.-in/inF x 10 6
Electrical Prop.
Magnetic permeability
Electrical-resistivity68 F
1200 F
5.6
Heat Resist.
Max. operating F
(continued)
189
(continued)
martEnistic/chromE
Martenistic/Chrome
(Hardenable)
Ferretic
(Non-Hardenable)
410
416
440C
430
2100
Temperatures - F
Forging - start
2100
2200
2100
Forging - finish
1600
1600
1600
1300
Annealing - Ranges
1500-
1500-
1550-
1400-
1650
1650
1650
1500
Annealing - cooling (b)
SFC
SC
FC
Hardening - ranges
1700-
1700-
1850-
FC
____
1850
1800
1900
Quenching (O) Oil, (A) Air
O or A
O or A
O or A
Tempering - for hardness

Drawing - for stress
relieving
Temper over 1100 F.

Draw over 700 F.
____
____
____
Mech. Prop. anld.

Structure annealed
FC
FC
FC
FC
Yield strength-KSI-min.
40
40
65
45
Ultimate strength KSI-min.
75
75
110
75
Elongation
-% in 2 inches-min
35.0
30.0
14.0
30.0
Red. in area-% min.
70.0
65.0
25.0
65.0
Mod. of elast.- lb/in.2 x 106
29.0
29.0
30.0
29.0
Hardness-Brinell (max)
200
180
260
200
Hardness-Rockwell (max)
B95
B90
B105
B95
85
____
Low
3 - 85
Yield strength-KSI-Min.
105
100
____
Ultimate strength-KSI-Min.
125
125
Elongation -% in 2 inches-Min.
18
10
% Reduction of Area-Min.
50
35
Hardness-Brinell
269 - 321
258 Min.
____
Hardness-HRC
28 - 34
26 Min.
59 Min.
1% Flow in 10,000 hr
12
____
____
1% Flow in 100,000 hr
11
____
____
Impact values-lzod
-ft-lb (min)
Mech. Prop.-HT
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Creep Strength
KSI at 1000 F
8.5
6.5
(a) Phosphorus and Sulfur are present.

(b) Thin sections of the 300 Series, marked WQ(AC) are usually air cooled; heavy sections, water quenched.
AC = Air Cool. FC = Furnace Cool. SFC = Slow Furnace Cool. WQ = Water Quench. SA = Solution
Annealed. A = Austenite.
190
saE bar comPositions

rEfErEncE astm a29 & saE J403
Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels
SAE No.
Mn
P Max.
S Max.
1005
0.06 max
0.35 max
.040
.050
1006
0.08 max
0.25 - 0.40
.040
.050
1008
0.10 max
0.30 - 0.50
.040
.050
1010
0.08 - 0.13
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1011
0.08 - 0.13
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1012
0.10 - 0.15
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1013
0.11 - 0.16
0.50 - 0.80
.040
.050
1015
0.13 - 0.18
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1016
0.13 - 0.18
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1017
0.15 - 0.20
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1018
0.15 - 0.20
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1019
0.15 - 0.20
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
1020
0.18 - 0.23
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
M1020
0.17 - 0.24
0.25 - 0.60
.040
.050
1021
0.18 - 0.23
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1022
0.18 - 0.23
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
1023
0.20 - 0.25
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1025
0.22 - 0.28
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1026
0.22 - 0.28
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1029
0.25 - 0.31
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1030
0.28 - 0.34
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1034
0.32 - 0.38
0.50 - 0.80
.040
.050
1035
0.32 - 0.38
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1037
0.32 - 0.38
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
1038
0.35 - 0.42
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1039
0.37 - 0.44
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
1040
0.37 - 0.44
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1042
0.40 - 0.47
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1043
0.40 - 0.47
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
1044
0.43 - 0.50
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
M1044
0.43 - 0.50
0.25 - 0.60
.040
.050
1045
0.43 - 0.50
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1046
0.43 - 0.50
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
*Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and manganese ranges than
standard steels.
191
(continued)

(continued)

Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels
SAE No.
Mn
P Max.
S Max.
1049
0.46 - 0.53
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1050
0.48 - 0.55
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1053
0.48 - 0.55
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.050
1055
0.50 - 0.60
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1059
0.55 - 0.65
0.50 - 0.80
.040
.050
1060
0.55 - 0.65
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1064
0.60 - 0.70
0.50 - 0.80
.040
.050
.050
1065
0.60 - 0.70
0.60 - 0.90
.040
1069
0.65 - 0.75
0.40 - 0.70
.040
.050
1070
0.65 - 0.75
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1071
0.65 - 0.70
0.75 - 1.05
.040
.050
1074
0.70 - 0.80
0.50 - 0.80
.040
.050
1075
0.70 - 0.80
0.40 - 0.70
.040
.050
1078
0.72 - 0.85
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.050
1080
0.75 - 0.88
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1084
0.80 - 0.93
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1086
0.80 - 0.93
0.30 - 0.50
.040
.050
1090
0.85 - 0.98
0.60 - 0.90
.040
.050
1095
0.90 - 1.03
0.30 - 0.50
.040
.050
*Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and manganese ranges than standard steels.
When Silicon is Required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used for basic oxygen steel grades:
Standard Steel Designation
Silicon Ranges or Limits
Up to 1015 Excl.
0.10 max
1015 to 1025 incl.
0.10 max, 0.10/0.20, or 0.15/0.35
Over 1025
0.10/0.20, or 0.15/0.35
When lead or copper are required, they are added elements to a standard steel. Lead is
generally added in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 0.35%.
(continued)
192

Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels, High Manganese Carbon Steel1

SAE No.
Mn
P Max.
S Max.
1513
0.10 - 0.16
1.10 - 1.40
.040
.050
1518
0.15 - 0.21
1.10 - 1.40
.040
.050
1522
0.18 - 0.24
1.10 - 1.40
.040
.050
1524
0.19 - 0.25
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.050
1525
0.23 - 0.29
0.80 - 1.10
.040
.050
1526
0.22 - 0.29
1.10 - 1.40
.040
.050
1527
0.22 - 0.29
1.20 - 1.50
.040
.050
.050
1536
0.30 - 0.37
1.20 - 1.50
.040
1541
0.36 - 0.44
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.050
1547
0.43 - 0.51
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.050
1548
0.44 - 0.52
1.10 - 1.40
.040
.050
1551
0.45 - 0.56
0.85 - 1.15
.040
.050
1552
0.47 - 0.55
1.20 - 1.50
.040
.050
1561
0.55 - 0.65
0.75 - 1.05
.040
.050
1566
0.60 - 0.71
0.85 - 1.15
.040
.050
1572
0.65 - 0.76
1.00 - 1.30
.040
.050
rEsulfurizEd carbon stEEls
Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits

SAE No.*
Mn
P Max.
S Max.
1108
0.08 - 0.13
0.60 - 0.80
.040
.08 - .13
1110
0.08 - 0.13
0.30 - 0.60
.040
.08 - .13
1117
0.14 - 0.20
1.00 - 1.30
.040
.08 - .13
1116
0.14 - 0.20
1.10 - 1.40
.040
.16 - .23
1118
0.14 - 0.20
1.30 - 1.60
.040
.08 - .13
1119
0.14 - 0.20
1.00 - 1.30
.040
.24 - .33
1137
0.32 - 0.39
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.08 - .13
1139
0.35 - 0.430
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.13 - .20
1140
0.37 - 0.440
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.08 - .13
1141
0.37 - 0.450
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.08 - .13
1144
0.40 - 0.480
1.35 - 1.65
.040
.24 - .33
1145
0.42 - 0.490
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.04 - .07
1146
0.42 - 0.490
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.08 - .13
1151
0.48 - 0.550
0.70 - 1.00
.040
.08 - .13
(continued)
193

(continued)
rEPhosPhorizEd carbon stEEl

Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
SAE No.*
Mn
Pb
1211
0.13 max.
0.60 - 0.90
.07 - .12
.10 - .15
____
1212
0.13 max.
0.70 - 1.00
.07 - .12
.16 - .23
____
1213
0.13 max.
0.70 - 1.00
.07 - .12
.24 - .33
____
12L13
0.13 max.
0.70 - 1.00
.07 - .12
.24 - .33
1215
0.09 max.
0.75 - 1.05
.04 - .09
.26 - .35
.15 - .35
____
12L14
0.15 max.
0.85 - 1.15
.04 - .09
.26 - .35
.15 - .35
12L15
0.09 max.
0.75 - 1.05
.04 - .09
.26 - .35
.15 - .35
(Ledloy 300)
*All are basic oxygen steels.

When lead or copper are required, they are added elements to a standard steel. Lead is generally added
in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 0.35%. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter L between the
second and third numbers of the AISI number (example; 12L14).
standard alloy stEEls

Basic Oxygen and Electric Furnace
SAE No.*
Mn
NI
CR
Mo
Other
Elements
4012
.09 - 0.14
0.75 - 1.00
Molybdenum Steels
____
____
.15 - .25
a,b
____
.20 - .30
a,b
4023
.20 - 0.25
0.70 - 0.90
____
4024
.20 - 0.25
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
b,c
4027
.25 - 0.30
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
a,b
4028
.25 - 0.30
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
b,c
4032
.30 - 0.35
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
a,b
4037
.35 - 0.40
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
a,b
4042
.40 - 0.45
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
a,b
4047
.45 - 0.50
0.70 - 0.90
____
____
.20 - .30
a,b
4118
.18 - 0.23
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
____
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - .60
.08 - .15
a,b
4130
.28 - 0.33
0.40 - 0.60
____
0.80 - 1.10
.15 - .25
a,b
4135
.33 - 0.38
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.80 - 1.10
.15 - .25
a,b
4137
.35 - 0.40
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.80 - 1.10
.15 - .25
a,b
4140
.38 - 0.43
0.75 - 1.00
____
0.80 - 1.10
.15 - .25
a,b
4142
.40 - 0.45
0.75 - 1.00
____
0.80 - 1.10
.15 - .25
a,b
4145
.43 - 0.48
0.75 - 1.00
____
0.80 - 1.10
.15 - .25
a,b
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are oxygen steels.
(a) Phosphorus content for basic oxygen process steel is .035%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
Sulfur content for basic oxygen process steel is .040%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
(b) Silicon content is .15 to .035%.
(c) Sulfur content is .035 to .050%
194
(continued)

(continued)

Mo
Other
Elements
.15 - .25
a,b
.15 - .25
a,b
.25 - .35
a,b
0.40 - 0.60
.20 - .30
a,b
0.70 - 0.90
.20 - .30
a,b
0.70 - 0.90
.20 - .30
a,b
Nickel 1.75%-Molybdenum 0.25% Steel

____
1.65 - 2.00
.20 - .30
a,b
.20 - .30
a,b
____
.20 - .30
a,b
____
.15 - .25
a,b
SAE No.*
Mn
NI
CR
4147
.45 - 0.50
0.75 - 1.00
4150
.48 - 0.53
0.75 - 1.00
____
0.80 - 1.10
4161
.56 - 0.64
0.75 - 1.00
____
0.70 - 0.90
4320
.17 - 0.22
.45- 0.65
1.65 - 2.00
4340
.38 - 0.43
.60- 0.80
1.65 - 2.00
E4340
.38 - 0.43
.65- 0.85
1.65 - 2.00
4615
.13 - 0.18
0.45 - 0.65
4620
.17 - 0.22
0.45 - 0.65
1.65 - 2.00
____
4621
.18 - 0.23
0.70 - 0.90
1.65 - 2.00
0.70 - 1.00
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
____
0.80 - 1.10
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
4626
.24 - 0.29
0.45 - 0.65
Nickel 1.05%-Chromium 0.45%-Molybdenum 0.20%

4718
.16 - 0.21
0.70 - 0.90
0.90 - 1.20
0.35 - 0.55
.30 - .40
a,b
4720
.17 - 0.22
0.50 - 0.70
0.90 - 1.20
0.35 - 0.55
.15 - .25
a,b
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are oxygen steels.
Sulfur content for basic oxygen process steel is .040%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
(b) Silicon content is .15 to .035%.
(c) Sulfur content is .035 to .050%
Nickel 3.50%-Molybdenum 0.25%
Mo
Other
Elements
3.25 - 3.75
CR
____
.20 - .30
a,b
3.25 - 3.75
____
.20 - .30
a,b
3.25 - 3.75
____
.20 - .30
a,b
____
a,b
.43 - 0.48
Chromium Steel
____
0.30 - 0.50
0.30 - 0.50
____
0.20 - 0.35
0.75 - 1.00
____
a,b
5115
.13 - 0.18
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.70 - 0.90
____
a,b
5117
.15 - 0.20
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.70 - 0.90
____
a,b
a,b
a,b
SAE No.*
Mn
NI
4815
.13 - 0.18
0.40 - 0.60
4817
.15 - 0.20
0.40 - 0.60
4820
.18 - .23
0.50 - 0.70
5017
.12 - 0.17
5046
5120
.17 - 0.22
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.70 - 0.90
____
5130
.28 - 0.33
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.80 - 1.10
____
5132
.30 - 0.35
0.60 - 0.80
____
0.75 - 1.00
____
195
a,b
(continued)

(continued)

SAE No.*
Mn
5135
.33 - 0.38
0.60 - 0.80
NI
CR
Mo
Other
Elements
____
a,b
____
a,b
____
a,b
5140
.38 - 0.43
5145
.43 - 0.48
Chromium Steel
____
0.80 - 1.05
____
0.70 - 0.90
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.70 - 0.90
0.70 - 0.90
5147
.46 - 0.51
0.70 - 0.95
____
0.85 - 1.15
____
a,b
5150
.48 - 0.53
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.70 - 0.90
____
a,b
5155
.51 - 0.59
0.70 - 0.90
____
0.70 - 0.90
____
a,b
a,b
5160
.56 - 0.64
0.75 - 1.00
____
0.70 - 0.90
____
E50100
.98 - 1.10
0.25 - 0.45
____
0.40 - 0.60
____
a,b
E51100
.98 - 1.10
0.25 - 0.45
____
0.90 - 1.15
____
a,b
E52100
.98 - 1.10
0.25 - 0.45
____
1.30 - 1.60
____
a,b
6118
.16 - 0.21
0.50 - 0.70
.10 - .15V
a,b
6150
.48 - 0.53
0.70 - 0.90
.15 min. V
a,b
Chromium-Vanadium Steels
____
0.50 - 0.70
____
0.80 - 1.10
Nickel 0.55%-Chromium 0.50%-Molybdenum 0.20%-0.30%

8615
.13 - 0.18
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8617
.15 - 0.20
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8620
.18 - 0.23
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8622
.20 - 0.25
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8625
.23 - 0.28
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8627
.25 - 0.30
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8630
.28 - 0.33
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8637
.35 - 0.40
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8640
.38 - 0.43
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8642
.40 - 0.45
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
8645
.43 - 0.48
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
____
8650
.48 - 0.53
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
8655
.51 - 0.59
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
8660
.56 - 0.64
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.15 - .25
a,b
____
8720
.18 - 0.23
0.70 - 0.90
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.20 - .30
a,b
8740
.38 - 0.43
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
0.40 - 0.60
.20 - .30
a,b
8822
.20 - 0.25
0.75 - 1.00
.56 - 0.64
0.75 - 1.00
0.40 - 0.70
____
0.40 - 0.60
____
.30 - .40
____
a,b
9260
a,c
(continued)
196
(continued)

SAE No.*
E9310
.07 - .13
Mn
NI
CR
Mo
Other
Elements
.08 - .15
a,b
Nickel 3.25%-Chromium 1.20%-Molybdenum 0.10%

.40 - .70
3.00 - 3.50
1.00 - 1.40
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all others are basic oxygen steels.
Sulfur content for basic oxygen steel is .040%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
SILICON CONTENT: (b) .15 to .35%, (c) 1.80 to 2.20.
Standard Boron Steels
(Boron content of 0.0005% to 0.003%)
SAE No.*
Mn
Si
Ni
Cr
Mo
50B40
.38 - 0.43
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
____
.40 - .60
____
50B44
.43 - 0.48
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
____
.40 - .60
____
.20 - .35
____
50B46
.44 - 0.49
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
____
50B50
.48 - 0.53
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
____
.40 - .60
____
.15 - .35
____
.40 - .60
____
.70 - .90
____
50B60
.56 - 0.64
0.75 - 1.00
51B60
.56 - 0.64
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
____
81B45
.43 - 0.48
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
0.20 - 0.40
.35 - .55
.08 - .15
86B45
.43 - 0.48
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
0.40 - 0.70
.40 - .60
.15 - .25
94B15
.13 - 0.18
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
0.30 - 0.60
.30 - .50
.08 - .15
94B17
.15 - 0.20
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
0.30 - 0.60
.30 - .50
.08 - .15
94B30
.28 - 0.33
0.75 - 1.00
.15 - .35
0.30 - 0.60
.30 - .60
.08 - .15
Phosphorus is 0.35% max., sulfur, 0.040% max.

NOTES ON ALLOY STEELS
Grades shown with prefix letter E are normally made by the electric furnace process. All others are normally
manufactured by basic oxygen processes but may be manufactured by the electric furnace process with adjustments
in phosphorus and sulfur.
Phosphorus and sulfur limits for each process are:
Maximum Percent
Steel Making Process
Basic electric furnace
0.025
0.025
Basic Oxygen
0.040
0.050
Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels which are not specified or required. Elements
considered incidental which may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35%; nickel, 0.25%;
chromium, 0.20%; and molybdenum, 0.06%, per ASTM A304.
Where minimum and maximum sulfur content is shown it is indicative of resulfurized steel.
Standard alloy steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15 to 0.35%. Such steels are identified by inserting
the letter L between the second and third numerals of the SAE number (example: 41L40). Ladle analysis for
lead is not determinable since lead is added to the ladle stream while ingot is poured.
(continued)
197
saE PlatE comPositions
(continued)

Cr
Mo
Other
Elements
.35 - .60
Ni
____
.80 - 1.15
.15 - .25
a,b
.70 - 1.00
____
.80 - 1.15
.15 - .25
a,b
.46 - 0.54
.75 - 1.10
____
.80 - 1.15
.15 - .25
b,e
4340
.36 - 0.44
.55 - .80
.46 - 0.54
.60 - .90
1.65 - 2.00
____
.60 - 0.90
6150
.80 - 1.15
.20 - .30
____
a,b,c
8615
.12 - 0.18
.60 - .90
.40 - 0.70
.35 - .60
.15 - .25
a,b
8617
.15 - 0.21
.60 - .90
.40 - 0.70
.35 - .60
.15 - .25
a,b
8620
.17 - 0.23
.60 - .90
.40 - 0.70
.35 - .60
.15 - .25
a,b
SAE No.*
4130
.27 - 0.34
4140
.36 - 0.44
E4150
Mn
198
a,b
199
63.0-70.0
63.0-70.0
63.0-70.0
72.00 b
58.0-63.0
44.5 b
58.0 b
50.0-55.0
30.0-35.0
400
R-405
K-500
600
601
617
625
718
800H
*Maximum
b Minimum
4.5-6.5
34.0-37.0
330
2205
BALANCE
C-276
23.0-28.0
17.5-18.5
254SMO
904L
99.0 b
201
30.0-35.0
99.0 b
200
38.0-46.0
BALANCE
C-22
825
32.0-38.0
20
800HT
Ni
Grade
Co
____
____
____
____
2.0*
2.0*
2.0*
1.0*
1.0*
10.0-15.0
____
1.0*
____
1.0*
1.0*
____
2.5*
21.0-23.0
19.0-23.0
19.5-23.5
19.0-23.0
19.0-23.0
17.0-21.0
20.0-23.0
20.0-24.0
21.0-25.0
14.0-17.0
____
2.5-3.5
4.0-5.0
____
____
____
____
2.5-3.5
____
____
____
____
____
____
2.8-3.0
8.0-10.0
8.0-10.0
____
____
____
____
____
____
3.0-4.5
____
____
____
2.5-3.5
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
15.0-17.0
6.0-6.5
____
____
12.5-14.5
2.0-3.0
Mo
____
17.0-20.0
14.5-16.5
19.5-20.5
____
____
____
20.0-22.5
19.0-21.0
Cr
2.5*
____
____
BALANCE
22.0 b
39.5 b
39.5 b
BALANCE
5.0*
3.0*
BALANCE
6.0-10.0
2.0*
2.5*
2.5*
BALANCE
4.0-7.0
BALANCE
0.40*
0.40*
2.0-6.0
BALANCE
Fe
1.0*
1.0*
0.5*
1.0*
1.0*
0.35*
0.50*
1.0*
0.5*
0.50*
0.5*
0.5*
0.50*
0.75-1.5
0.08*
0.80*
0.35*
0.35*
0.2*
1.0*
Si
2.0*
2.0*
1.0*
1.5*
1.5*
0.35*
0.50*
1.0*
1.0*
1.00*
1.5*
2.0*
2.0*
2.0*
1.0*
0.2-1.0
0.35
0.35*
1.0*
2.0*
Mn
0.03*
0.02*
0.05*
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.10
0.08*
0.10*
0.05-0.15
0.1*
0.15*
0.25*
0.3*
0.2*
0.08*
0.01*
0.02*
0.02*
0.15*
0.02*
0.07*
Ti
____
____
0.2*
0.15-0.6
0.15-0.6
0.2-0.8
0.40*
0.8-1.5
1.0-1.7
0.35*
2.3-3.15
0.50*
0.5*
____
____
0.6-1.2
0.15-0.60
0.15-0.60
0.65-1.15
0.40*
0.6*
____
0.50*
0.35-0.85
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Al
____
1.0-2.0
1.5-3.0
0.75*
0.75*
0.3*
____
0.5*
1.0*
0.5*
26.0-33.0
28.0-34.0
28.0-34.0
0.5*
____
0.5-1.0
0.25*
0.25*
0.5*
3.0-4.0
Cu
chEmical comPosition of nickEl

N
0.08-0.20
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
0.18-0.22
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
0.006*
____
0.006*
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
0.02*
0.035*
0.03*
0.015*
0.015*
0.015*
0.015*
0.015*
0.015*
0.015*
0.01*
0.025 to .06
0.015*
0.03*
0.03*
0.01*
0.01*
0.01*
0.015*
0.035*
0.03*
0.045*
0.015*
0.015*
0.04*
0.1*
0.03*
0.04*
0.03*
0.03*
0.045*
Cb-4.75 to 5.50
Cb + Ta-3.15 to 4.15
Cb + Ta-1.0*
Sn-0.025*
Pb-0.005*
V-0.035*
V-0.035*
be 8 times C min.
Cb + Ta-1.00* shall
Others
chEmical comPosition of coPPEr alloys

(Nominal)-Other trace elements may be present.
C110
C360
C464
C485
C932
C954
% Copper
99.9
61.5
60.00
60.00
83.0
85.0
% Lead
____
3.0
____
1.75
7.0
____
% Zinc
____
25.5
39.25
37.5
3.0
____
% Tin
____
____
.75
.75
7.0
____
% Iron
____
____
____
____
____
4.0
% Aluminum
____
____
____
____
____
10.0
aluminum shEEt thicknEss

tolErancEs (inchEs +/-)
By alloy group and width range
Thru 39.37
39.38 - 59.06
59.07 - 78.74
Nom.
Thick.
1100,3003
5005,5052
5083,5086
6061
2024
7075
1100,3003
5005,5052
5083,5086
6061
2024
7075
1100,3003
5005,5052
5083,5086
6061
2024
7075
.190
.007
.0055
.009
.007
.011
.009
.160
.007
.0055
.009
.007
.011
.009
.125
.0045
.0035
.0055
.0035
.007
.0045
.100
.0045
.0035
.0055
.0035
.007
.0045
.090
.0035
.0025
.0045
.0035
.006
.004
.080
.0035
.0025
.0045
.0035
.006
.004
.063
.003
.002
.0035
.003
.005
.003
.050
.003
.002
.0035
.003
.005
.003
.040
.0025
.002
.0035
.002
.0045
.003
.032
.002
.0015
.0025
.002
.0035
.003
.025
.0015
.0015
.002
.0025
.003
.003
200
tolErancEs
shEEt thicknEss tolErancEs

hot rollEd hr P & o cold rollEd galvanizEd
Tolerances shown are for 48 wide sheets. Weights are based on ordered thickness at
41.82 lbs. per square foot per inch thick.
Hot Rolled, HR P & O, Cold Rolled
Gage
No.
Dec.
Equiv.
.2242
.2092
.1943
.1793
.1644
.1495
10
.1345
11
.1196
12
.1046
13
.0897
14
.0747
15
.0673
16
.0598
17
.0538
Toler. Range
HR, P&O
Galvanized
Lbs. per
Sq. Ft.
CR
.2332
Dec.
Equiv.
Toler.
Range
Lbs. per
Sq. Ft.
9.375
.2152
.2182
8.75
.2002
.2033
8.125
.1853
.1873
.1873
.1713
.1713
.1724
.1724
.1564
.1564
.1575
.1575
.1415
.1415
.1425
.1405
.1265
.1285
.1276
.1256
.1116
.1136
.1126
.1106
.0966
.0986
.0967
.0947
.0827
.0847
.0817
.0797
.0677
.0697
.0733
.0723
.0613
.0623
.0658
.0648
.0538
.0548
.0598
.0578
.0478
.0498
7.5
6.875
.1681
6.25
.1532
5.625
.1382
5.000
.1233
4.375
.1084
3.750
.0934
3.125
.0785
2.813
.0710
2.500
.0635
2.250
.0575
.1771
.1591
.1622
.1442
.1472
.1292
.1323
.1143
.1174
.0994
.1014
.0854
.0865
.0705
.0770
.0650
.0695
.0575
.0625
.0525
7.031
6.406
5.781
5.156
4.531
3.906
3.281
2.969
2.656
2.406
(continued)
201
shEEt thicknEss tolErancEs

hot rollEd hr P & o cold rollEd galvanizEd
Tolerances shown are for 48 wide sheets. Weights are based on ordered thickness at
41.82 lbs. per square foot per inch thick.
Hot Rolled, HR P & O, Cold Rolled
Gage
No.
Dec.
Equiv.
18
.0478
19
.0418
20
.0359
21
.0329
22
.0299
23
.0269
24
.0239
25
.0209
26
.0179
27
.0164
28
.0149
Toler. Range
HR, P&O
CR
.0528
.0518
.0428
.0438
.0458
.0378
.0389
.0329
.0359
.0299
.0329
.0269
.0299
.0239
.0269
.0209
.0239
.0179
.0199
.0159
.0184
.0144
.0169
.0129
Galvanized
Lbs. per
Sq. Ft.
Dec.
Equiv.
2.000
.0516
1.750
.0456
1.500
.0396
1.375
.0366
1.250
.0336
1.125
.0306
1.000
.0276
.875
.0247
.750
.0217
.688
.0202
.625
.0187
29
.0172
30
.0157
202
Toler.
Range
.0566
.0466
.0506
.0406
.0436
.0356
.0406
.0326
.0376
.0296
.0346
.0266
.0316
.0236
.0287
.0207
.0247
.0187
.0232
.0172
.0217
.0157
.0202
.0142
.0187
.0127
Lbs. per
Sq. Ft.
2.156
1.906
1.656
1.531
1.406
1.281
1.156
1.031
.906
.844
.781
.719
.656
structurals
Permissible Variations in Cross Section for W, HP, S, M, C and MC Shapes
Depth, in.
Flange Width, in.
Section
Nominal
Sizes, in.
Over
Theoretical
Under
Theoretical
Over
Theoretical
Under
Theoretical
Flanges
Out-ofSquare
max. in.*
W and HP
Up to 12 incl.
1/8
1/8
1/4
3/16
1/4
over 12
1/8
1/8
1/4
3/16
5/16
S and M
3 to 7, incl.
3/32
1/16
1/8
1/8
1/32
Over 7 to 14, incl.
1/8
3/32
5/32
5/32
1/32
Over 14 to 24, incl.
3/16
1/8
3/16
3/16
1/32
11/2 and under
1/32
1/32
1/32
1/32
1/32
Over 11/2 to 3, excl.
1/16
1/16
1/16
1/16
1/32
3 to 7, incl.
3/32
1/16
1/8
1/8
1/32
Over 7 to 14, incl.
1/8
3/32
1/8
5/32
1/32
Over 14
3/16
1/8
1/8
3/16
1/32
C and MC
* Applies when flanges of channels are toed in or out. For channels 5/8 in. and under in depth, the permissible
out-of-square is 3/64 in./in. of depth.
Tolerance is per inch of flange width for S, M, C, and MC shapes.
Permissible Variations in Cross Section for Angles (L Shapes) and Zees

Depth, in.
Flange Width
or Length of
Leg, in.
Under
Theoretical
Out of
Square
per
Inch,
in.
1/32
3/64
Nominal Size,
in.
Over
Theoretical
Under
Theoretical
Angles**
1 and under
____
____
(L Shapes)
Over 1 to 2, incl.
____
____
Over 2 to 3, excl.
____
____
3 to 4, incl.
____
____
1/8
Over 4 to 6, incl.
____
____
Over 6
____
____
Section
Zees
Over
Theoretical
Variations from Thickness

for Thickness Given,
Over and Under, in.
Over
3/16 and
under
3/16 to
3/16 incl.
Over 3/8
1/32
3/128A
0.008
0.010
____
3/64
3/128A
0.010
0.010
0.012
1/16
3/128A
0.012
0.015
0.015
3/32
3/128A
____
____
____
1/8
1/8
3/128A
____
____
____
3/16
1/8
3/128A
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
1/16
3 to 4, incl.
1/8
1/16
1/8
3/32
3/128A
____
Over 4 to 6, incl.
1/8
1/16
1/8
1/8
3/128A
____
** For unequal leg angles, longer leg determines classification.

A 3/128 in./in = 11/2 deg.
(continued)
203
tolErancEs
carbon and alloy PlatE
Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Carbon, High-Strength Low
Alloy, and Alloy-Steel Plates, When Ordered to Thickness.
Permissible variation under specified thickness, 0.01 in.
Thickness to be measured at 3/8 to 3/4 in. from the longitudinal edge.
For Thickness measured at any location other than that specified in point 2, the permissible maximum over
tolerance shall be increased by 75%, rounded to the nearest 0.01 in.
Tolerance Over Specified Thickness For Widths Given, in.
Specified
Thickness, in.
48 and
under
Over 48
to 60,
excl.
60 to
72, excl.
72 to
84, excl.
84 to
96, excl.
96 to
108, excl.
108 to
120, excl.
120 to
132, excl.
To 1/4, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
1/4 to 5/16, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
5/16 to 3/8, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
3/8 to 7/16, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
7/16 to 1/2, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
1/2 to 5/8, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
5/8 to 3/4, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
3/4 to 1, excl.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
1 to 2, excl.
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
2 to 3, excl.
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
3 to 4, excl.
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.14
4 to 6, excl.
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
6 to 10, excl.
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
10 to 12, excl.
0.29
0.29
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
12 to 15, incl.
0.29
0.29
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 1 1/2 in. and
Under in Thickness
Specified Dimensions, in.
Variations over Specified Width and Lentgh* for Thicknesses, in.

and Equivalent Weights, lb/ft2, Given
To 3/8, excl.
3/8 to 5/8, excl.
5/8 to 1, excl.
1 to 2, excl.
Length
Width
Width
Length
Width
Length
Width
Length
Width
Length
To 120, excl.
To 60 excl.
3/8
1/2
7/16
5/8
1/2
3/4
5/8
60 to 84, excl.
7/16
5/8
1/2
11/16
5/8
7/8
3/4
204
(continued)
tolErancEs
(continued)
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 1 1/2 in. and
Under in Thickness
Variations over Specified Width and Lentgh* for Thicknesses, in.

and Equivalent Weights, lb/ft2, Given
To 25/32, excl.
Length
Width
To 120, excl. (cont.)
3/8 to 5/8, excl.
5/8 to 1, excl.
1 to 2, excl.
Width
Length
Width
Length
Width
Length
Width
Length
84 to 108, excl.
1/2
3/4
5/8
7/8
3/4
11/8
108 and over
5/8
7/8
3/4
7/8
11/8
11/8
11/4
To 60 excl.
3/8
3/4
1/2
7/8
5/8
3/4
11/8
60 to 84, excl.
1/2
3/4
5/8
7/8
3/4
7/8
11/4
84 to 108, excl.
9/16
7/8
11/16
15/16
13/16
11/8
13/8
108 and over
5/8
3/4
11/8
7/8
11/4
11/8
13/8
To 60 excl.
3/8
1/2
11/8
5/8
11/4
3/4
11/2
60 to 84, excl.
1/2
5/8
11/8
3/4
11/4
7/8
11/2
84 to 108, excl.
9/16
11/16
11/8
7/8
13/8
11/2
108 and over
11/16
11/8
7/8
11/4
13/8
11/4
13/4
To 60 excl.
5/8
13/8
3/4
15/8
120 to 240, excl.
240 to 360, excl.
7/16
11/8
1/2
11/4
60 to 84, excl.
1/2
11/4
5/8
13/8
3/4
11/2
7/8
15/8
84 to 108, excl.
9/16
11/4
3/4
13/8
7/8
11/2
17/8
108 and over
3/4
13/8
7/8
11/2
15/8
11/4
17/8
360 to 480, excl.
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Plates When Gas
Cutting is Specified or Required
These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified.
ALLOY
Variations Over for All
Specified Widths or Lengths, in.
CARBON
Variations Over for All
Specified Widths or Lengths, in.
To 2, excl.
3/4
1/2
2 to 4, excl.
5/8
4 to 6, excl.
11/8
3/4
6 to 8, excl.
15/16
7/8
8 to 15, excl.
11/2
205
tolErancEs
(continued)
cf carbon bars
Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished

Undersize Variations in Inches
Max. Carbon
Range Over .55%
or All Grades
Quenched &
Tempered or
Normalized and
Tempered
Before Cold
Finishing
Size Range
in inches
Max. Carbon
Range
.28% or less
Max. Carbon
Range Over .28%
to .55% incl.
Max. Carbon
Range to .55%
incl.
Stress Relieved
or Annealed
After Cold
Finishing
11/2 or under
.002
.003
.004
.005
Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl.
.003
.004
.005
.006
Over 21/2 to 4, incl.
.004
.005
.006
.007
Over 4 to 6, incl.
.005
.006
.007
.008
Over 6 to 8, incl.
.006
.007
.008
.009
Over 8 to 9, incl.
.007
.008
.009
.010
Over 9
.008
.009
.010
.011
cold drawn hExagons

3/4 or under
.002
.003
.004
.006
.003
.004
.005
.007
.004
.005
.006
.008
.005
.006
.007
.009
.006
____
____
.005
3/4 or under
.002
.004
.005
.007
.003
.005
.006
.008
.004
.006
.007
.009
.006
.008
.009
.011
Over 4 to 5, incl.
.010
____
____
____
Over 5 to 6, incl.
.014
____
____
____
cold drawn squarEs
(continued)
206
tolErancEs
(continued)
cold drawn flats
Tolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.

Max. Carbon
Range Over .55%
or All Grades
Quenched &
Tempered or
Normalized and
Tempered
Before Cold
Finishing
Width in Inches
Max. Carbon
Range
.28% or less
Max. Carbon
Range Over .28%
to .55% incl.
Max. Carbon
Range to .55%
incl.
Stress Relieved
or Annealed
After Cold
Finishing
To 3/4, incl.
.003
.004
.006
.008
.004
.005
.008
.010
.005
.006
.010
.012
Over 3 to 4, incl.
.006
.008
.011
.016
Over 4 to 6, incl.
.008
.010
.012
.020
.015
____
____
.013
Over 6
turnEd, ground and PolishEd rounds

cold drawn, ground and PolishEd rounds
Size Range in Inches
Turned, Ground
and Polished Rounds
Cold Drawn, Ground

and Polished Rounds
11/2 and under
-.0005 to -.0015
.001
Over 11/2 to less than 21/2
-.0005 to -.0020
.0015
21/2 to 3, incl.
-.0005 to -.0025
.002
Over 3 to 4, incl.
-.0005 to -.0035
.003
Over 4 to 6, incl.
-.0005 to -.0045
.004
Over 6
-.0005 to -.0055
.005
All tolerances are on the minus side, +.000.

For nonresulphurized steels (steels specified to maximum sulphur limits under 0.08%) or for steels thermally
treated, the tolerance is increased by .001.
(continued)
207
tolErancEs
(continued)
cf alloy bars
Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished

Specified Size
in inches
Max. Carbon
Range
.28% or less
Max. Carbon
Range Over .28%
to .55% incl.
Annld. or Stress
Relieved after C.F.
Max. carb.
to .55% incl.
Max. Carbon
range over .55%
with or without
stress relieving
or annealing
after cold
finishing.
Also all carbons
Heat Tr. or Norm.
& Temp. before
cold Finishing
To 1, incl. (in coils)
.002
.003
.004
.005
To 11/2, incl.
.003
.004
.005
.006
Over 11/2 to 21/2
.004
.005
.006
.007
Over 21/2 to 4
.005
.006
.007
.008
Over 4 to 6
.006
.007
.008
.009
Over 6 to 8
.007
.008
.009
.010
Over 8 to 9
.008
.009
.010
.011
Over 9
.009
.010
.011
.012
cold drawn hExagons

To 3/4, incl.
.003
.004
.005
.007
Over 3/4 to 11/2
.004
.005
.006
.008
Over 11/2 to 21/2
.005
.006
.007
.009
Over 21/2 to 31/8
.006
.007
.008
.010
cold drawn squarEs

To 3/4, incl.
.003
.005
.006
.008
Over 3/4 to 11/2
.004
.006
.007
.009
Over 11/2 to 21/2
.005
.007
.008
.010
Over 21/2 to 4
.007
.009
.010
.012
.011
____
____
____
Over 4 to 5
(continued)
208
tolErancEs
(continued)
cold drawn flats
Tolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.

Width in Inches
Max. Carbon
Range
.28% or less
Max. Carbon
Range Over .28%
to .55% incl.
Annld. or Stress
Relieved after C.F.
Max. carb.
to .55% incl.
Max. Carbon
range over .55%
with or without
stress relieving
or annealing
after cold
finishing.
Also all carbons
Heat Tr. or Norm.
& Temp. before
cold Finishing
To 3/4, incl.
.004
.005
.007
.009
Over 3/4 to 11/2
.005
.006
.009
.011
Over 11/2 to 3
.006
.007
.011
.013
Over 3 to 4
.007
.009
.012
.017
Over 4 to 6
.009
.011
.013
.021
.014
____
____
____
Over 6
cold drawn, ground and PolishEd rounds

turnEd, ground and PolishEd rounds
Cold Drawn,
Ground
& Polished
Diameter
in Inches
Turned,
Ground & Polished
All Carbons with

or without thermal
treatment before
Cold Drawing
Not Heat
Treated
All Carb.
Heat*
Treated
All Carb.
To 1/2, incl.
.001
.0005
.0015
.0015
Over 11/2 to 21/, excl.
.0015
.0005
.0020
.0020
21/2 to 3, incl.
.002
.0005
.0025
.0025
Over 3 to 4, incl.
.003
.0005
.0035
.0035
Over 4 to 6, incl.
____
.0005
.0045
.0045
Over 6
____
.0005
.0055
.0055
* All tolerances are on the minus side, +.000. Applies to quenched and tempered (heat treated), normalized and
tempered, or any similar double treatment prior to turning.
209
tolErancEs
hr carbon and alloy bars
Rounds and Squares
Specified
Size
in Inches
Over
Under
Out of Round*
or Square
in Inches
Up to 5/16, incl.
.005
.005
.008
.006
.006
.009
.007
.007
.010
.008
.008
.012
.009
.009
.013
Over 1 to 11/8, incl.
.010
.010
.015
Variation from Size to Inches
.011
.011
.016
.012
.012
.018
.014
.014
.021
1/64
1/64
.023
.023
1/32
3/64
.035
1/16
.046
5/64
.058
1/8
.070
5/32
.085
3/16
.100
1/4
.120
*Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of a round bar measured at the
same cross section. Out-of-square is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.
hExagons and octagons

Specified Sizes
Between Opposite
Sides, in.
Over
Under
Out-of-Hexagon
(Carbon Steel and Alloy
Steel) or Out-of-Octagon (Alloy Steel), in.*
Up to 1/2, incl.
0.007
0.007
0.001
Permissible Variations
from Specified Size, in.
0.010
0.010
0.015
0.021
0.013
0.025
1/32
1/64
1/32
(continued)
210
tolErancEs
(continued)
hExagons and octagons

Specified Sizes
Between Opposite
Sides, in.
Over
Under
Out-of-Hexagon
(Carbon Steel and Alloy
Steel) or Out-of-Octagon (Alloy Steel), in.*
3/64
1/64
3/64
1/16
1/64
1/16
5/64
1/64
5/64
Permissible Variations
from Specified Size, in.
* Out-of-hexagon or out-of-octagon is the greatest difference between any two dimensions at the same cross
section between opposite faces.
squarE EdgE and round EdgE flats

Tolerances apply to thickness in inches
Specified
width
in inches
Up to 1
.023 .230
excl.
0.007
Variations from Thickness in Inches

(Tolerances are over or under)
Over
Under
Variations from
width in inches
1/4
1/4 - 1/2
1/2 - 1
Over
1-2
Over
2-3
Over
3
.007
.008
.010
____
____
Over
Under
____
1/64
1/64
____
1/32
1/32
1/16
1/32
Over 1 - 2
0.007
.007
.012
.015
1/32
____
Over 2 - 4
0.008
.008
.015
.020
1/32
3/64
3/64
Over 4 - 6
0.009
.009
.015
.020
1/32
3/64
3/64
3/32
1/16
Over 6 - 8
____
.015
.016
.025
1/32
3/64
**
1/8**
3/32**
* Not produced as bar flats.

** Thickness and width tolerances for flats over 6 to 8, incl., in width and over 3 in thickness should be
established in each instance.
Standard Straightness - 1/4 in any 5 feet, or 1/4 x number of feet of length divided by 5.
Special Straightness - 1/8 in any 5 feet, or 1/8 x number of feet of length divided by 5.
NOTE: Straightness tolerances do not apply to hot rolled alloy steel bars if any subsequent heating operation has
been performed.
211
tolErancEs
(continued)
dom tubing/wall thicknEss

OD, inches
Wall
Thickness
Inches
.028 & .035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.134 & .148
.165
.180
.203
.220
.238
.259
.284
.300
.375 to .875
Over
.875 to 1.875
Over
1.875 to 3.75
Over
3.75 to 15.000
+ .002
+ .002
+ .002
____
- .002
- .002
- .002
____
+ .002
+ .002
+ .002
____
- .002
- .003
- .003
____
+ .002
+ .002
+ .002
+ .004
- .002
- .003
- .003
- .004
+ .002
+ .002
+ .003
+ .004
- .002
- .003
- .003
- .005
+ .002
+ .002
+ .003
+ .004
- .002
- .003
- .003
- .005
+ .002
+ .002
+ .003
+ .005
- .003
- .004
- .003
- .005
+ .003
+ .002
+ .003
+ .005
- .003
- .004
- .003
- .005
+ .002
+ .002
+ .003
+ .005
- .004
- .004
- .003
- .005
+ .003
+ .003
+ .003
+ .005
- .004
- .004
- .004
- .006
+ .004
+ .004
+ .003
+ .006
- .004
- .004
- .005
- .006
+ .004
+ .004
+ .004
+ .006
- .005
- .005
- .005
- .007
+ .004
+ .004
+ .004
+ .007
- .006
- .006
- .006
- .007
+ .005
+ .005
+ .005
+ .007
- .006
- .006
- .006
- .007
____
+ .005
+ .005
+ .007
- .006
- .006
- .007
+ .005
+ .005
+ .007
- .006
- .006
- .007
+ .006
+ .006
+ .008
- .006
- .006
- .008
____
____
____
____
____
(continued)
212
tolErancEs
(continued)
dom tubing/wall thicknEss

OD inches
Wall
Thickness
Inches
.320
.344
.375
.400
.438
.480
.531 & .563
.580
.600
.625
.650
.375 to .875
Over
.875 to 1.875
Over
1.875 to 3.75
Over
3.75 to 15.000
____
+ .007
+ .007
+ .008
- .007
- .007
- .008
+ .008
+ .008
+ .009
- .008
- .008
- .009
____
____
____
____
+ .009
+ .009
- .009
- .009
____
____
____
____
+ .010
+ .010
- .010
- .010
____
____
____
____
+ .011
+ .011
- .011
- .011
____
____
____
____
+ .012
+ .012
- .012
- .012
____
____
____
____
+ .013
+ .013
- .013
- .013
____
____
____
____
+ .014
+ .014
- .014
- .014
____
____
____
____
+ .015
+ .015
- .015
- .015
____
____
____
____
+ .016
+ .016
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
- .016
- .016
+ .017
+ .017
- .017
- .017
dom tubing/diamEtEr
OD
Size Range
Up to 0.499
OD, Inches
ID, Inches
Over
Under
Over
Under
.004
.000
____
____
0.005 - 1.699
.005
.000
.000
.005
1.700 - 2.099
.006
.000
.000
.006
2.100 - 2.499
.007
.000
.000
.007
2.500 - 2.899
.008
.000
.000
.008
(continued)
213
tolErancEs
(continued)
dom tubing/diamEtEr
OD
Size Range
OD, Inches
ID, Inches
Over
Under
Over
Under
2.900 - 3.299
.009
.000
.000
.009
3.300 - 3.699
.010
.000
.000
.010
3.700 - 4.099
.011
.000
.000
.011
4.100 - 4.499
.012
.000
.000
.012
4.500 - 4.899
.013
.000
.000
.013
4.900 - 5.299
.014
.000
.000
.014
5.300 - 5.549
.015
.000
.000
.015
5.550 - 5.999
.010
.010
.010
.010
6.000 - 6.499
.013
.013
.013
.013
6.500 - 6.999
.015
.015
.015
.015
7.000 - 7.499
.018
.018
.018
.018
7.500 - 7.999
.020
.020
.020
.020
8.000 - 8.499
.023
.023
.023
.023
8.500 - 9.999
.025
.025
.025
.025
9.000 - 9.499
.028
.028
.028
.028
9.500 - 9.999
.030
.030
.030
.030
10.000 - 10.999
.034
.034
.034
.034
11.000 - 11.999
.035
.035
.035
.035
12.000 - 12.999
.036
.036
.036
.036
13.000 - 13.999
.037
.037
.037
.037
14.000 - 15.000
.038
.038
.038
.038
Ovality shall be within the above tolerance except when wall thickness is less than 3% of the OD. In such cases
the additional ovality shall be as follows, but the mean diameter shall be within the specified tolerance:
OD, Inches
Additional Ovality
Tolerance, Inch
Up to 2.000
.010
Over 2.000 - 3.000 incl.
.015
Over 3.000 - 4.000 incl.
.020
Over 4.000 - 5.000 incl.
.025
Over 5.000 - 6.000 incl.
.030
Over 6.000 - 7.000 incl.
.035
Over 7.000 - 8.000 incl.
.040
Over 8.000 - 9.000 incl.
.045
(continued)
214
tolErancEs
(continued)
OD, Inches
Additional Ovality
Tolerance, Inch
Over 9.000 - 10.000 incl.
.050
Over 10.000 - 11.000 incl.
.055
Over 11.000 - 12.000 incl.
.060
Over 12.000 - 12.500 incl.
.065
Over 13.000 - 13.999 incl.
.070
Over 14.000 - 15.000 incl.
.075
1008/1010 ElEctric wEldEd tubing

Wall/In Thousands Of An Inch (1 = .001)
Cold Rolled Round

Outside Diameter
Over
Over
Over
Over
3/4 thru 7/8
7/8 thru 17/8
17/8 thru 33/4
33/4 thru 5
5 thru 8
Ga.
In.
22
.028
20
.035
18
.049
16
.065
14
.083
13
.095
12
11
.109
.120
10
.134
Hot Rolled Round

Outside Diameter
3/4 thru 1
Over
Over
Over
Over
1 thru 115/16
115/16 thru 33/4
33/4 thru 41/2
41/2 thru 8
Ga.
In.
16
.065
10
11
12
12
15
.072
10
11
12
12
14
.083
10
11
12
13
13
13
.095
10
11
12
13
13
12
.109
10
11
12
13
13
11
.120
10
11
12
13
215
13
(continued)
tolErancEs
(continued)
Hot Rolled Round

Outside Diameter
3/4 thru 1
Over
Over
Over
Over
1 thru 115/16
115/16 thru 33/4
33/4 thru 41/2
41/2 thru 8
Ga.
In.
10
.134
10
11
12
13
13
.148
12
13
14
14
.165
12
13
14
14
.180
12
13
14
14
.203
15
16
17
.220
15
16
17
.238
12
20
11
21
10
22
.259
13
21
12
22
11
23
Outside Diameter
Cold Rolled Round
Hot Rolled Round

Plus &
OD, Inches
Incl.
Wall,
Minus
Inches
Inches
.624
11/8
.065 - .134
.0035
11/8
.065 - .259
.005
.005
21/2
.065 - .259
.006
.035 - .134
.006
21/2
.065 - .259
.008
.035 - .134
.008
.284 - .320
.010
31/2
.035 - .134
.009
31/2
.065 - .259
.009
.035 - .134
.010
.284 - .360
.012
.065 - .134
.020
31/2
.065 - .259
.010
.083 - .134
.025
.284 - .500
.015
.065 - .500
.020
.120 - .500
.025
.059 - .125
.030
10
.105 - .188
Incl.
Minus
Inches
Inches
Over
.374
5/8
.028 - .065
.003
5/8
11/8
.028 - .120
.0035
11/8
.028 - .134
21/2
21/2
3
31/2
4
6
Over
Plus &
OD, Inches
Wall,
216
.035
(continued)
tolErancEs
(continued)
sEamlEss tubing
OD
Inches
Wall as
% of OD
OD, Inches
+
ID, Inches
-
____
Up to 0.499
all
0.004
0.000
____
0.500 - 1.699
all
0.005
0.000
.000
0.005
1.700 - 2.099
all
0.006
0.000
.000
0.006
2.100 - 2.499
all
0.007
0.000
.000
0.007
2.500 - 2.899
all
0.008
0.000
.000
0.008
2.900 - 3.299
all
0.009
0.000
.000
0.009
3.300 - 3.699
all
0.010
0.000
.000
0.010
3.700 - 4.099
all
0.011
0.000
.000
0.011
4.100 - 4.499
all
0.012
0.000
.000
0.012
4.500 - 4.899
all
0.013
0.000
.000
0.013
4.900 - 5.299
all
0.014
0.000
.000
0.014
5.300 - 5.549
all
0.015
0.000
.000
0.015
5.550 - 5.999
under 6
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.015
6.000 - 6.499
6.500 - 6.999
7.000 - 7.499
7.500 - 7.999
8.000 - 8.499
8.500 - 8.999
9.000 - 9.499
6 to 71/2
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
over 71/2
0.018
0.000
0.009
0.009
under 6
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
6 to 71/2
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
over 71/2
0.020
0.000
0.010
0.010
under 6
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
6 to 71/2
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
over 71/2
0.023
0.000
0.012
0.012
under 6
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
6 to 71/2
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
over 71/2
0.026
0.000
0.013
0.013
under 6
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
6 to 71/2
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
over 71/2
0.029
0.000
0.015
0.015
under 6
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.023
6 to 71/2
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
over 71/2
0.031
0.000
0.015
0.016
under 6
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
6 to 71/2
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
over 71/2
0.034
0.000
0.015
0.019
under 6
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
6 to 71/2
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
over 71/2
0.037
0.000
0.015
0.022
(continued)
217
tolErancEs
(continued)
sEamlEss tubing
OD
Inches
Wall as
% of OD
9.500 - 9.999
10.000 - 10.999
11.000 - 12.000
OD, Inches
ID, Inches
under 6
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
6 to 71/2
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
over 71/2
0.040
0.000
0.015
0.025
under 6
0.034
0.034
0.034
0.034
6 to 71/2
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
over 71/2
0.044
0.000
0.015
0.029
under 6
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
6 to 71/2
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
over 71/2
0.045
0.000
0.015
0.035
Many tubes with ID less than 50% of OD or with wall more than 25% of OD, or with wall over 1 1/4 in., or
weighing more than 90 lb./ft. are difficult to draw over a mandrel. Therefore, the ID can vary over or under by an
amount equal to 10% of the wall thickness.
For tubes with ID less than 1/2 in. (or less than 5/8 in. when the wall thickness is more than 20% of the OD), which
are not commonly drawn over a mandrel the above footnote not applicable.
Tubing having a wall less than 3% of the OD cannot be straightened properly without a certain amount of distortion. Consequently such tubes, while having an average OD and ID within the tolerances shown in this table,
require an ovality of tolerance of 1/2% over and under nominal outside diameter, in addition to the tolerances
indicated in this table.
sEamlEss tubing
Wall/HFSM 1026
Wall
Thickness
as % of OD
% Over & Under Nominal

Outside Diameter
2.999
& less 1
3.000 to
5.999
Under 15
12.5
10.0
10.0
12.5
15 and over
10.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
1 Wall
2 Wall
6.000 to
10.750
10.751 to
16.0002
thickness tolerances may not be applicable to walls 0.199 in. and less.
thickness tolerances over 10.750 in. are producer tolerances.
sEamlEss tubing
Wall/CDSM 1026
Wall
Thickness
as % of OD
thru 1.4999 ID
25 and under
10.0
7.5
Over 25
12.5
10.0
% Over & Under Nominal

1.500 ID & up
(continued)
218
tolErancEs
(continued)
sEamlEss tubing
OD/HFSM 1026
O.D. Tolerances over 10.750 in. are producer tolerances.
Outside Diameter
Size Range,
Inches
Outside Diameter Tolerance, Inches
Up to 2.999
0.020
0.020
3.000 - 4.499
0.025
0.025
4.500 - 5.999
0.031
0.031
6.000 - 7.499
0.037
0.037
7.500 - 8.999
0.045
0.045
9.000 - 10.75
0.050
0.050
10.75 - 13.000
0.080
0.080
14.000 - 14.375
0.093
0.093
15.000 - 16.000
0.093
0.093
Hydraulic Fluid Line Tubing

When tubing is specified by outside diameter and inside diameter,
the tolerances shown in the table below apply.
Nominal Outside Diameter, in.
OD Plus and Minus, in.
ID Plus and Minus, in.
Up to 3/8, incl.
0.002
0.005
0.0025
0.0025
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
Over 3 to 4, incl.
0.006
0.006
219
tolErancEs
(continued)
Stainless Cold Finished Rounds

Drawn, Ground or Ground & Polished
Size, Inches
Over, Inches
Under, Inches
.044 to 5/16 excl.
.001
.001
5/16 to 1/2 excl.
.0015
.0015
1/2 to 1 excl.
.002
.002
1 to 11/2 excl.
.0025
.0025
11/2 to 4 incl.
.003
.003
Stainless Cold Finished Hexagons & Squares

.125 to .3125 excl.
.000
-.002
.3125 to .5 excl.
.000
-.003
.500 to 1.000 incl.
.000
-.004
Over 1 to 2 incl.
.000
-.006
Over 2 to 3 incl.
.000
-.008
Over 3
.000
-.010
Stainless Hot Finished Flats

Thickness, Inches, Over & Under
Width, Inches
Thru 1/2
Width, Inches
Over 1/2 thru 1
Over 1 thru 2
Over
To 1 incl.
.008
.010
____
1/64
Under
1/64
Over 1 to 2 incl.
.012
.015
1/32
1/32
1/32
Over 2 to 4 incl.
.015
.020
1/32
1/16
1/32
Over 4 to 6 incl.
.015
.020
1/32
3/32
1/16
Over 6 to 8 incl.
.016
.025
1/32
1/8
5/32
Over 8 to 10 incl.
.021
.031
1/32
5/32
3/16
Stainless Bar Straightness

Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straight edge.
Hot Finished
no. of feet in length inches.

1/8 inch in any 5 feet; but may not exceed 1/8 X _________________
5
Cold Finished
no. of feet in length inches.

1/16 inch in any 5 feet; but may not exceed 1/16 X _________________
5
(continued)
220
tolErancEs
(continued)
stainlEss shEEt/gaugE
Sheet Width, Inches
Handmill
Thickness, Inches
Under, incl.
Ga.
.1875 to .146
.146 to .131
48 max.
48 - 60
8&9
.007
.0105
.014
10
.006
.009
.012
Over 60
.131 to .115
11
.005
.0075
.010
.115 to .099
12
.005
.007
.009
.099 to .084
13
.004
.006
.008
.084 to .073
14
.004
.0055
.007
.006
____
.073 to .059
15 & 16
.003
.0045
.059 to .041
17 & 19
.003
.004
.041 to .030
20 to 22
.002
.003
____
.030 to .017
23 to 27
.0015
.017 to .008
28 to 34
.0015
.008 to .006
35 to 38
.0015
39
.001
.006
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Width & Length/Nothing under size

Widths through 48 __ 1/16 over. Widths over 48 __ 1/8 over.
Lengths through 120 __ 1/4 over. Lengths over 120 __ 1/2 over.
Camber/Roller leveled, not resquared
Widths through 36 : 1/8 every 8 Ft. Widths over 36 : 3/32 every 8 Ft.
stainlEss shEEt/flatnEss
Sheets not specified to stretcher leveled standard of flatness (exclusive of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
and full hard tempers of 200 and 300 series grades and dead soft and deep drawing
sheets).
Thickness in Inches
.062 & over
Width in Inches
To 60 incl.
Over 60 to 72 incl.
Over 72
Under .062
To 36 incl.
Over 36 to 60 incl.
Over 60
Flatness Tolerance (maximum

deviation from a horizontal flat
surface), Inches
1/2
3/4
1
1/2
3/4
1
(continued)
221
tolErancEs
(continued)
strEtchEr lEvElEd
Sheets specified to stretcher leveled standard of flatness (exclusive of hard tempers of

200 and 300 series grades).
Thickness in Inches
Width in Inches
Length in Inches
Flatness Tolerance
(maximum deviation
from a horizontal flat
surface), Inches
Under 3/16
To 48 incl.
To 96 incl.
1/8
Under 3/16
To 48 incl.
Over 96 incl.
1/4
Under 3/16
Over 48 incl.
To 96 incl.
1/4
Under 3/16
Over 48 incl.
Over 96 incl.
1/4
stainlEss PlatE thicknEss

Thickness Tolerance Over Variation* in Inches
Thickness
Widths
to
84 incl.
Widths
Over 84 to
120 incl.
Widths
Over 120 to
144 incl.
____
Widths
Over
144 incl.
____
3/16 to 3/8 excl.
.045
.050
3/8 to 3/4 excl.
.055
3/4 to 1 excl.
.060
.060
.075
.090
.065
.085
.100
1 to 2 excl.
.070
.075
.095
.115
Over 2
OA
OA
OA
OA
*No plate shall vary more than .01 inch under the thickness ordered.
OA = On application
Spot grinding not to exceed .01 inch under the specified thickness is permitted to remove surface imperfections.
stainlEss width & lEngth

Sheared Mill Plates
Tolerances, in inches over specified width & length

for given width, length and thickness
Width in Inches
Length
in
Inches
48 and Under
Over 48 to 60 incl.
Over 60 to 84 incl.
Over 84 to 108 incl.
Over 108
Under 3/8 Thick
3/8 to 1/2
Thick incl.
Over 1/2 to 1
Thick, incl.
Width
Length
Width
Length
Width
Length
1/8
3/16
3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
5/16
3/8
7/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
and
1/4
5/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
Under
5/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
3/8
7/16
7/16
1/2
5/8
144
222
11/16
(continued)
(continued)
tolErancEs
stainlEss width & lEngth
Sheared Mill Plates
Tolerances, in inches over specified width & length

for given width, length and Thickness
Width in Inches
Length
in
Inches
48 and Under
Over 48 to 60 incl.
Over 60 to 84 incl.
Over
144
to
240
Over 108
48 and Under
Over 48 to 60 incl.
Over 60 to 84 incl.
Over
240
to
360
Under 3/8 Thick

Width
Length
3/8 to 1/2
Thick incl.
Over 1/2 to 1
Thick, incl.
Width
Length
Width
Length
3/16
3/8
1/4
1/2
5/16
5/8
1/4
7/16
5/16
5/8
3/8
3/4
3/8
1/2
7/16
11/16
1/2
3/4
7/16
9/16
1/2
3/4
5/8
7/8
1/2
5/8
5/8
7/8
11/16
1/4
1/2
5/16
5/8
3/8
3/4
5/16
5/8
3/8
3/4
1/2
3/4
7/16
11/16
1/2
3/4
5/8
7/8
9/16
3/4
5/8
7/8
3/4
Over 108
5/8
7/8
11/16
7/8
60 and Under
7/16
11/8
1/2
11/4
5/8
13/8
Over
Over 60 to 84 incl.
360
1/2
11/4
5/8
11/4
3/4
11/2
to
9/16
11/4
3/4
13/8
7/8
11/2
3/4
13/8
7/8
11/2
15/8
7/16
11/4
1/2
11/2
5/8
15/8
480
1/2
13/8
5/8
11/2
3/4
15/8
to
5/8
13/8
3/4
11/2
7/8
15/8
Over 108
60 and Under
Over 60 to 84 incl.
Over 108
480
Over
600
60 and Under
3/4
11/2
7/16
15/8
13/4
1/2
13/4
5/8
17/8
3/4
17/8
13/4
3/4
17/8
7/8
17/8
Over 60 to 84 incl.
Over
5/8
600
5/8
13/4
3/4
17/8
7/8
17/8
7/8
13/4
11/8
21/4
Over 108
The tolerance under specified width and length is 1/4 inch.
223
(continued)
tolErancEs
(continued)
stainlEss flatnEss
Annealed Plates
Variations from a Flat Surface for Thickness

and Widths Shown in Inches
Thickness
In Inches
48
and
under
Over 48
to 60
excl.
60
to 72
excl.
72
to 84
excl.
84
to 96
excl.
96
to 108
excl.
108
to 120
excl.
120
to 144
excl.
144
and
over
3/16 to 1/4 excl.
3/4
11/16
11/4
13/8
15/8
15/8
17/8
____
1/4 to 3/8 excl.
11/16
3/4
15/16
11/8
11/8
17/16
19/16
17/8
____
3/8 to 1/2 excl.
1/2
9/16
11/16
3/4
15/16
11/8
11/4
17/16
13/4
1/2 to 3/4 excl.
1/2
9/16
5/8
5/8
13/16
11/8
11/8
11/8
13/8
3/4 to 1 excl.
1/2
9/16
5/8
5/8
3/4
13/16
15/16
11/8
1 to 11/2 excl.
1/2
9/16
9/16
9/16
11/16
11/16
11/16
3/4
11/2 to 4 excl.
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
4 to 6 incl.
3/8
7/16
9/16
5/8
3/4
15/16
11/8
11/4
11/4
Permissible variations in above table apply to plates up to 15 feet long or to any 15 feet of longer plates.
If the longer dimension is under 36 inches the permissible variation shall not be greater than 1/4 inch.
The shorter dimension specified shall be considered the width and the permissible variation in flatness across the
width shall not exceed the tabular amount for that dimension.
In no case shall the maximum deviation from a flat surface exceed the tabular tolerance for the longer dimension
specified.
The above flatness tolerances are not applicable to plates in the hot rolled condition or to plates with physicals
other than fully annealed.
Closer tolerances can be furnished by special flattening.
stainlEss cambEr
Sheared Mill Plates
no. of feet in length

1/8 X ________________ inches.
5
(continued)
224
tolErancEs
wall tolErancEs/Plus & minus, inchEs
Allowable Deviation of Diameter
from Size at any Point
Allowable Deviation
of Mean Diameter from Size
Non-Heat-Treatable
0.010 - 0.035
.002
.002
0.036 - 0.049
.003
.003
0.050 - 0.083
.004
.004
0.084 - 0.120
.005
.006
0.121 - 0.203
.006
.008
0.204 - 0.300
.008
.012
0.301 - 0.375
.015
.020
0.376 - 0.500
.020
.030
Heat Treatable
10% of
specified wall
.003
minimum
aluminum ExtrudEd tubE-round

Diameter Tolerance/Plus & Minus, Inches
Diameter
Inches
Size
Deviation from Size

of Mean Diameter
Deviation of Diameter
from Size at any Point
5083, 5086,
5454
Other Alloys
5083, 5086,
5454
Other Alloys
0.500 - 0.999
.015
.010
.030
.020
1.000 - 1.999
.018
.012
.038
.025
2.000 - 3.999
.023
.015
.045
.030
4.000 - 5.999
.038
.025
.075
.050
6.000 - 7.999
.053
.035
.113
.075
8.000 - 9.999
.068
.045
.150
.100
10.000 - 11.999
.083
.055
.188
.125
12.000 - 13.999
.098
.065
.225
.150
14.000 - 15.999
.113
.075
.263
.175
16.000 - 17.999
.128
.085
.300
.200
225
tolErancEs
wall tolErancEs/Plus & minus, inchEs
Allowable Deviation of Mean Wall from Specified Wall
Under 1.250 OD
1.250 - 2.999 OD
3.000 - 4.999 OD
5.000 and over
5083
5086
5454
Other
Alloys
5083
5086
5454
Other
Alloys
5083
5086
5454
Other
Alloys
5083
5086
5454
Other
Alloys
Under 0.047
.009
.006
____
____
____
____
____
____
0.047 - 0.061
.011
.007
.012
.008
.012
.008
.015
.010
Spec.
Wall
Inches
0.062 - 0.077
.012
.008
.012
.008
.014
.009
.018
.012
0.078 - 0.124
.014
.009
..014
.009
.015
.010
.023
.015
0.125 - 0.249
.014
.009
.014
.009
.020
.013
.030
.020
0.250 - 0.374
.017
.011
.017
.011
.024
.016
.038
.025
0.375 - 0.499
____
____
.023
.015
.032
.021
.053
.035
0.500 - 0.749
____
____
.030
.020
.042
.028
.068
.045
0.750 - 0.999
____
____
____
____
.053
.035
.083
.055
1.000 - 1.499
____
____
____
____
.068
.045
.098
.065
1.500 - 2.000
____
____
____
____
____
____
.113
.075
2.001 - 2.499
____
____
____
____
____
____
.128
.085
2.500 - 2.999
____
____
____
____
____
____
.143
.095
3.000 - 3.499
____
____
____
____
____
____
.158
.105
3.500 - 4.000
____
____
____
____
____
____
.173
.115
allowablE wall dEviation at any Point (EccEntrically)

2 Wall & Under
Plus & minus 10% of mean wall

.060 maximum, .010 minimum
Over 2
.120
(continued)
226
allowancE for machining

When regular quality alloy or special quality carbon hot rolled steel bars are to be machined, experience has shown
that it is advisable for the purchaser to make adequate allowances for surface finishing and specify hot rolled or
thermally treated sizes accordingly. Such allowances require consideration of the manufacturing practice utilized
to remove the surface metal, as well as the bar size, length, straightness, size tolerance, and out-of-round tolerance.
Bars should be straightened before machining.
rEcommEndEd minimum machining allowancE PEr sidE,

PErcEnt of sPEcifiEd sizE
Regular Quality Alloy and Special Quality Carbon Steel Bars
Non-Resulfurized
Centerless turned or ground
Resulfurized
2 & Under
Over 2
2 & Under
Over 2
2.6%
1.6%
3.4%
2.4%
NOTE 1: Based on bars with special straightness tolerance.

NOTE 2: Bars turned on centers. Since this operation is dependent upon length and straighness consideration, each
item should be negotiated between consumer and supplier.
The above table contains recommended minimum machining allowance, per side, for steel bars.
Using Table 5-1, the following example can be made:
When machined by centerless turning or grinding, a 2 inch non-resulfurized hot rolled steel bar would
require 0.052 inch (2 x 2.6% (.026) = .052) removal from the radius.
When regular quality alloy steel and special quality carbon steel hot rolled bars, such as squares and flats, are
machined by methods other than shown in Table 5-1, the recommended minimum surface removal is 1.6% of the
specified dimension for non-resulfurized steel and 2.4% for resulfurized steel. For sizes under 5/8 in. (15.88mm)
diameter, hexagon, square, or thickness, the minimum surface removal should be 0.010 in. (0.254 mm) for
non-resulfurized steel and 0.015 in. (0.381 mm) for resulfurized steel.
Resulfurized grades are typified by a poorer surface and the increased surface removal shown above is
recommended. Conversely, steels made to higher qualities may permit lesser amounts of surface removal depending on size, grade and quality specified.
(continued)
227

Straightness Tolerances for Cold Finished Bars*
NOTE 1: All grades quenched and tempered or normalized and tempered to Brinell 302 max. before cold finishing;
and all grades stress relieved ar annealed after cold finishing. Straightness tolerances are not applicable to bars
having Brinell hardness exceeding 302.
Straightness Tolerances, in. (Maximum Deviation) from
Straughtness in any 10-ft Portion of the Bar
Maximum of Carbon Range,
0.28% 0r Less
Maximum of Carbon Range

Over 0.28% and All Grades
Thermally Treated
Size, In.
Length, ft.
Rounds
Squares,
Hexagons,
and Octagons
Less than 5/8
less than 15
1/8
3/16
3/16
1/4
Less than 5/8
15 and over
1/8
5/16
5/16
3/8
5/8 and over
less than 15
1/16
1/8
1/8
3/16
5/8 and over
15 and over
1/8
3/16
3/16
1/4
Rounds
Squares,
Hexagons,
and Octagons
* The foregoing tolerances are based on the following method of measuring straightness: Departure from straightness is measured by placing the bar on a level table so that the arc or departure from straightness is horizontal, and
the depth of the arc is measured with a feeler gage and a straight-edge.
It should be recognized that straightness is a perishable quality and may be altered by mishandling. The preservation of straightness in cold-finished bars requires the utmost care in subsequent handling. Specific straightness
tolerances are sometimes required for carbon and alloy steels in which case the purchaser should inform the manufacturer of the straightness tolerances and the methods to be used in checking the straightness.
Carbon and Alloy Seamless Mechanical Tubing

Maximum Depth Limit of Surface Imperfections O.D. and I.D.
The following table shows the permissible depth of surface imperfections. Determination should be made by
measuring the actual diameter or wall thickness at the place of the imperfection, filling it out, and remeasuring.
Specified O.D.
H.R.
C.D.
Specified O.D.
H.R.
C.D.
1.499
____
.010
6.500/6.999
.050
.040
1.500/1.999
____
.013
7.000/7.499
.055
.043
2.000/2.499
.023
.015
7.500/7.999
.060
.045
2.500/2.999
.025
.018
8.000/8.499
.065
.050
3.000/3.499
.028
.020
8.500/8.999
.070
.055
3.500/3.999
.030
.023
9.000/9.499
.075
.060
4.000/4.499
.033
.025
9.500/9.999
.080
.065
4.500/4.999
.035
.028
10.000/10.499
.085
.070
5.000/5.499
.038
.030
10.500/10.750
.090
.075
5.500/5.999
.040
.035
10.751/11.000
.090
____
6.000/6.499
.045
.038
228

Mandrel Drawn ERW Mechanical Tubing
Finished Wall Thickness, Inch
Finished O.D., Inch
.187 and
Under
Over .187
to .230 Incl.
Over .230
to .360 Incl.
Over .360
to .460 Incl.
Over .460
to .580 Incl.
Up to 1.500 Incl.
.015
.020
.025
.025
____
Over 1.500 to 3.000 Incl.
.020
.025
.030
.030
____
.025
.030
.035
.035
.040
.030
.035
.040
.040
.045
.035
.040
.045
.045
.050
.035
.043
.048
.048
.053
Over 8.000 to 10.500 Incl.
.035
.045
.050
.050
.055
Over 10.500 to 12.500 Incl.
____
.045
.055
.055
.060
Over 12.500 to 14.000 Incl.
____
.045
.055
.055
.060
.060
____
Over 14.000 to 15.000 Incl.
.045
.055
.055
Camber: For every 12 of fraction thereof over 12, and .010 for camber. For sizes over 7 1/2 O.D. add .020 for
camber. Allowances are based on conventional chucking procedures.
Removal of Surface Imperfections of Mandrel Drawn

ERW Mechanical Tubing/Outside-By Centerless Grinding
Finished Wall Thickness, Inch
Finished OD, Inch
.125
and
Under
Over
.125 to
.180 Incl.
Over
.180 to
.230 Incl.
Over
.230 to
.360 Incl.
Over
.360 to
.460 Incl.
Over
.460 to
.580 Incl.
Up to 3.000 Incl.
.012
.014
.016
.020
.022
____
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
.030
____
.024
.026
.027
.029
.031
Over 8.000 to 10.500 Incl.
____
____
.026
.028
.030
.032
Over 10.500 to 12.500 Incl.
____
____
.028
.030
.032
.034
Over 12.500 to 14.000 Incl.
____
____
.030
.032
.034
.036
Over 14.000 to 15.000 Incl.
____
____
.033
.035
.036
.037
229
tolErancEs
circumfErEncEs & arEas of circlEs/inchEs

Diameter
Frac. Decimal
1/64
.015625
Circ.
Area
Diameter
Circ.
Area
Diameter
Circ.
Area
.04909
.00019
3.1416
.7854
29
91.106
660.52
1/32
.03125
.09818
.00077
6.2832
3.1416
30
94.248
706.86
3/64
.046875
.14726
.00173
9.4248
7.0686
31
97.389
754.77
1/16
.0625
.19635
.00307
12.5664
12.5664
32
100.53
804.25
5/64
.078125
.24545
.00479
15.7080
19.635
33
103.67
855.30
3/32
.09375
.29452
.00690
18.850
28.274
34
106.81
907.92
7/64
.109375
.34363
.00939
21.991
38.485
35
109.96
962.11
1/8
.125
.39270
.01227
25.133
50.266
36
113.10
1017.88
9/64
.140625
.44181
.01553
28.274
63.617
37
116.24
1075.21
5/32
.15626
.49087
.01917
10
31.416
78.540
38
119.38
1134.11
11/64
.171875
.53999
.02320
11
34.558
95.033
39
122.52
1194.59
3/16
.1875
.58905
.02761
12
37.699
113.10
40
125.66
1256.64
13/64
.203125
.63817
.03241
13
40.841
132.73
41
128.81
1320.25
7/32
.21875
.68722
.03758
14
43.982
153.94
42
131.95
1385.44
15/64
.234375
.73635
.04314
15
47.124
176.72
43
135.09
1452.20
1/4
.25
.78540
.04909
16
50.265
201.06
44
138.23
1520.53
17/64
.265625
.83453
.05542
17
53.407
226.98
45
141.37
1590.43
9/32
.28125
.88357
.06213
18
56.549
254.47
46
144.51
1661.90
19/64
.296875
.93271
.06922
19
59.690
283.53
47
147.65
1734.94
5/16
.3125
.98175
.07670
20
62.832
314.16
48
150.80
1809.56
21/64
.328125
1.0309
.08456
21
65.973
346.36
49
153.94
1885.74
11/32
.34375
1.0799
.09281
22
69.115
380.13
50
157.08
1963.50
23/64
.359375
1.1291
.10144
23
72.257
415.48
51
160.22
2042.82
3/8
.375
1.1781
.11045
24
75.398
452.39
52
163.36
2123.72
25/64
.390625
1.2273
.11984
25
78.540
490.87
53
166.50
2206.18
13/32
.40625
1.2763
.12962
26
81.681
530.93
54
169.65
2290.22
27/64
.421875
1.3254
.13979
27
84.823
572.56
55
172.79
2375.83
7/16
.4375
1.3744
.15033
28
87.965
615.75
56
175.93
2463.01
(continued)
230

Diameter
Frac. Decimal
Circ.
Area
Diameter
Circ.
Area
Diameter
Circ.
Area
29/64
.453125
1.4236
.16126
57
179.07
2551.76
85
267.04
5674.50
15/32
.46875
1.4726
.17257
58
182.21
2642.08
86
270.18
5808.80
31/64
.484375
1.5218
.18427
59
185.35
2733.97
87
273.32
5944.68
1/2
.5
1.5708
.19635
60
188.50
2827.43
88
276.46
6082.12
33/64
.515625
1.6199
.20880
61
191.64
2922.07
89
279.60
6221.14
17/32
.53125
1.6690
.22166
62
194.78
3019.07
90
282.74
6361.73
35/64
.546875
1.7181
.23489
63
197.92
3117.25
91
285.88
6503.88
9/16
.5625
1.7671
.24850
64
201.06
3216.99
92
289.03
6647.61
37/64
.578125
1.8163
.26248
65
204.20
3318.31
93
292.17
6792.91
19/32
.59375
1.8653
.27688
66
207.34
3421.19
94
295.31
6939.78
39/64
.609375
1.1945
.29164
67
210.49
3525.65
95
298.45
7088.22
5/8
.625
1.9365
.30680
68
213.63
3631.68
96
301.59
7238.23
41/64
.640625
2.0127
.32232
69
216.77
3739.28
97
304.73
7339.81
21/32
.65625
2.0617
.33824
70
219.91
3848.45
98
307.88
7542.96
43/64
.671875
2.1108
.35453
71
223.05
3959.19
99
311.02
7697.69
11/16
.6875
2.1598
.37122
72
226.19
4071.50
100
314.16
7853.98
45/64
.703125
2.2090
.38828
73
229.34
4185.39
101
317.30
8011.85
23/32
.71875
2.2580
.40574
74
232.48
4300.84
102
320.44
8171.28
47/64
.734375
2.3072
.42356
75
235.62
4417.86
103
323.58
8332.29
3/4
.75
2.3562
.44179
76
238.76
4536.46
104
326.73
8494.87
49/64
.765625
2.4054
.45253
77
241.90
4656.63
105
329.87
8659.01
25/32
.78125
2.4544
.47937
78
245.04
4778.36
106
333.01
8824.73
51/64
.796875
2.5036
.49872
79
248.19
4901.67
107
336.15
8992.02
13/16
.8125
2.5525
.51849
80
251.33
5026.55
108
339.29
9160.88
53/64
.828125
2.6017
.53862
81
254.47
5153.00
109
342.43
9331.32
27/32
.84375
2.6507
.55914
82
257.61
5281.02
110
345.58
9503.32
55/64
.859375
2.6999
.58003
83
260.75
5410.61
111
348.72
9676.89
7/8
.875
2.7489
.60132
84
263.89
5541.77
112
351.86
9852.03
(continued)
231
tolErancEs

Diameter
Frac. Decimal
Circ.
Area
Diameter
Circ.
Area
Diameter
Circ.
Area
57/64
.890625
2.7981
.62296
113
355.00
10028.75
120
376.99
11309.73
29/32
.90625
2.8471
.64504
114
358.14
10207.03
121
380.13
11499.01
59/64
.921875
2.8963
.66746
115
361.28
10386.89
122
383.27
11689.87
15/16
.9375
2.9452
.69029
116
364.42
10568.32
123
386.42
11882.29
61/64
.953125
2.9945
.71349
117
367.57
10751.32
124
389.56
12076.28
31/32
.96875
3.0434
.73708
118
370.71
10935.88
125
392.70
12271.85
63/64
.984375
3.0928
.76097
119
373.85
11122.02
126
395.84
12468.98
(continued)
232
mEtric systEm
lEngth-Basic unit is meter (m)
Metric Unit
Meters
Inches
Feet
Yards
Miles
Millimeter (mm)
.001
____
____
____
____
Centimeter (cm)
.01
.3937
____
____
____
Decimeter (dm)
.1
3.937
.3281
.1094
____
Meter (m)
39.37
3.281
1.094
____
Decameter (dkm)
10
393.7
32.81
10.94
____
Hectometer (hm)
100
3937
328.1
109.4
____
1000
____
3281
1094
.6214
Kilometer (km)
To convert
Inches to Millimeters - multiply by 25.4
Millimeters to Inches - multiply by .03937
Feet to Meters - multiply by .3048
Meters to Feet - multiply by 3.281
Yards to Meters - multiply by .9144

Meters to Yards - multiply by 1.094
Miles to Kilometers - multiply by 1.609
Kilometers to Miles - multiply by .6214
arEa-Basic unit is centare (ca) which is 1 square meter

Metric Unit
Centares
Square Inches
Square Feet
Square Yards
Acres
Sq. Millimeter (sq. mm)
.000001
____
____
____
____
Sq. Centimeter (sq. cm)
.0001
.1550
____
____
____
Sq. Decimeter (sq. dm)
.01
15.50
.1076
____
____
Centare/Sq. Meter (ca/sq. m)
1550
10.76
1.196
____
Acre (a) 100
____
1076
119.6
____
____
Hectare (ha)
10,000
____
____
____
2.471
1,000,000
____
____
____
247.1
Sq. Kilometer (sq. km)
To convert
Sq. in. to Sq. cm - multiply by 6.452
Sq. cm to Sq. in. - multiply by .1550
Sq. Ft. to Sq. m. - multiply by .0929
Sq. m. to Sq. Ft. - multiply by 10.76
Sq. Yds. to Sq. m. - multiply by .8361
Sq. m. to Sq. Yds. - multiply by 1.196
Acre to Hectares - multiply by .4047

Hectares to Acres - multiply by 2.471
Acres to Sq. km. - multiply by .004047
Sq. km. to Acres - multiply by 247.1
Sq. Miles to Sq. km. - multiply by 2.590
Sq. km. to Sq. Miles - multiply by .3861
(continued)
233
mEtric systEm
volumE-Basic unit is stere(s) which is 1 cuBic meter
Metric Unit
Steres
Cubic Inch
Cubic Foot
Cubic Yards
Cu. Millimeter (cu mm)
.000000001
____
____
____
Cu. Centimeter (cu cm)
.000001
.06102
____
____
____
Cu. Decimeter (cu dm)
.001
61.023
____
Decistere (ds)
.1
6102.3
3.531
.1308
Stere/Cu Meter (s/cu m)
61023
35.31
1.308
10
____
353.1
13.08
Decastere (dks)
To convert
Cu. In. to Cu. mm - multiply by 1639
Cu. mm to Cu. In. - multiply by .000061
Cu. In. to Cu. cm - multiply by 16.39
Cu. cm to Cu. In. - multiply by .06102
Cu. Ft. to Cu. m - multiply by .0283

Cu. m to Cu. Ft. - multiply by 35.31
Cu. Yds. to Cu. m - multiply by .7646
Cu. m to Cu. Yds. - multiply by 1.308
wEight-Basic unit is gram (g)

Metric Unit
Grams
Grain
Ounces
Pounds
____
Milligram (mg)
.001
.01543
____
Centigram (cg)
.01
.1543
____
____
Decigram (dg)
.1
1.543
____
____
Gram
15.43
.03527
____
Decagram (dkg)
10
154.3
.3527
____
Hectogram (hg)
100
1543
3.527
.22046
1000
____
35.27
2.2046
Quintal (q)
100,000
____
3527
220.46
Metric Ton (MT)
1,000,000
____
____
2204.6
Kilogram (kg)
To convert
Grains to Centigrams - multiply by 6.48
Centigrams to Grains - multiply by .1543
Ounces to Grams - multiply by 28.35
Grams to Ounces - multiply by .03527

Pounds to Kilograms - multiply by .4536
Kilograms to Pounds - multiply by 2.2046
Tons (2000 #) to Metric Tons - multiply by .9078

Metric Tons to Tons (2000 #) - multiply by1.1023
(continued)
234
mEtric systEm
caPacity-Basic unit is litre ( l )
Cubic Capacity
Metric Unit
Milliliter (ml)
Centiliter (cl)
Liquid Capacity
Liters
Cu. In.
Cu. Ft.
Fl. Ozs.
Pints
Quarts
.001
.06102
____
.03382
____
____
____
.61023
____
.33815
____
____
____
3.3815
.2113
.1057
____
.01
Gallons
Deciliter (dl)
.1
6.1023
____
Liter (l)
61.023
.0353
33.815
2.113
1.057
.264
Decaliter (dkl)
10
610.23
.3531
338.15
21.13
10.57
2.64
Hectoliter (hl)
100
6102.3
3.531
3381.5
211.3
105.7
26.4
Kiloliter (kl)
1000
61023
35.31
33815
2113
1057
264
To convert
Cu. In. to Centiliter - multiply by 1.639
Centiliter to Cu. In. - multiply by .61023
Cu. Ft. to Liter - multiply by 28.32
Liter to Cu. Ft. - multiply by .0353
Fl. Oz. to Centiliter - multiply by 2.957
Centiliter to Fl. Oz. - multiply by .33815
Pints to Liters - multiply by .4732

Liters to Pints - multiply by 2.113
Quarts to Liters - multiply by .9463
Liters to Quarts - multiply by 1.057
Gallons to Liters - multiply by 3.785
Liters to Gallons - multiply by .2642
FORCE/STRESS - Basic unit is pascal (Pa) commonly expressed in mega pascals (MPa).
NOTE - 1,000,000 Pa = 1 MPa
1 pascal = newton per square meter
1 pound force (lbf) = 4.448222 newton (N)
1 pound force per square foot (lbf/ft2) = 47.88026 pascal (Pa)
1 kilogram force (kgf) = 9.806650 newton (N)
1 pound per square inch (psi) = .006894757 mega pascals (MPa)
1 ft. lb. = 1.355 Joule
1 Joule = .7376 ft. lb.
To convert
psi to MPa - multiply by .006894757
ksi to MPa - multiply by 6.894757
MPa to psi - multiply by 145.0377
MPa to ksi - multiply by .1450377
lbf/in2 to MPa - multiply by .006894757
MPa to lbf/in2 - multiply by 145.0377

kgf/mm2 to MPa - multiply by 9.806650
MPa to lbf/in2 - multiply by .1019716
N/mm2 to MPa - multiply by 1.000000
MPa to N/mm2 - multiply by 1.000000
PREFIXES
Micro - one millionth
Deca - 10 times
Myria - 10,000 times

Mega - 1,000,000 times
235
aPProx. hardnEss convErsion numbErs for stEEl

basEd on brinEll hardnEss numbErs
ROCKWELL
HARDNESS NO.
Brinell
Indentation
Diameter
mm
Brinell
Hardness
No.
10-mm
Tungsten
Carbide
Ball
3,000
Kg Load
2.25
745
65.3
2.30
712
____
____
61.7
____
82.2
____
2.35
682
CScale,
150-Kg
Load
Brale
Penetrator
BScale,
100-Kg
Load,
1/16-In.
Diameter
Ball
AScale,
60-Kg
Load,
Brale
Penetrator
____
Diamond
Pyramid
Hardness
No.
Vickers
Shore
Scleroscope
Hardness
No.
Tensile
Strength
(Approximate)
in 1,000
psi
84.1
840
91
____
____
____
____
____
737
84
____
81.2
697
81
____
80.5
667
79
____
2.40
653
60.0
2.45
627
58.7
____
57.3
____
79.8
640
77
____
____
79.1
615
75
____
2.50
601
2.55
578
56.0
2.60
555
54.7
____
78.4
591
73
298
53.5
____
77.8
569
71
288
2.65
534
2.70
514
52.1
____
76.9
547
70
274
2.75
495
51.0
____
76.3
528
68
264
2.80
477
49.6
____
75.6
508
66
252
2.85
461
48.5
____
74.9
491
65
242
2.90
444
47.1
____
74.2
472
63
230
2.95
429
45.7
____
73.4
455
61
219
72.8
440
59
212
72.0
425
58
202
3.00
415
44.5
____
3.05
401
43.1
____
3.10
388
41.8
____
71.4
410
56
193
3.15
375
40.4
____
70.6
396
54
184
3.20
363
39.1
____
70.0
383
52
177
3.25
352
37.9
(110.0)
69.3
372
51
171
3.30
341
36.6
(109.0)
68.7
360
50
164
3.35
331
35.5
(108.5)
68.1
350
48
159
3.40
321
34.3
(108.0)
67.5
339
47
154
(continued)
236
aPProx. hardnEss convErsion numbErs for stEEl

Brinell
Indentation
Diameter
mm
Brinell
Hardness
No.
10-mm
Tungsten
Carbide
Ball
3,000
Kg Load
ROCKWELL
HARDNESS NO.
CScale,
150-Kg
Load
Brale
Penetrator
BScale,
100-Kg
Load,
1/16-In.
Diameter
Ball
AScale,
60-Kg
Load,
Brale
Penetrator
Diamond
Pyramid
Hardness
No.
Vickers
Shore
Scleroscope
Hardness
No.
Tensile
Strength
(Approximate)
in 1,000
psi
3.45
311
33.1
(107.5)
66.9
328
46
149
3.50
302
32.1
(107.0)
66.3
319
45
146
3.55
293
30.9
(106.0)
65.7
309
43
141
3.60
285
29.9
(105.5)
65.3
301
____
138
3.65
277
28.8
(104.5)
64.6
292
41
134
3.70
269
27.6
(104.0)
64.1
284
40
130
3.75
262
26.6
(103.0)
63.6
276
39
127
3.80
255
25.4
(102.0)
63.0
269
38
123
3.85
248
24.2
(101.0)
62.5
261
37
120
3.90
241
22.8
100.0
61.8
253
36
116
3.95
235
21.7
99.0
61.4
247
35
114
4.00
229
20.5
98.2
60.8
241
34
111
4.05
223
(18.8)
97.3
____
234
____
____
4.10
217
(17.5)
96.4
____
228
33
105
4.15
212
(16.0)
95.5
____
222
____
102
4.20
207
(15.2)
94.6
____
218
32
100
4.25
201
(13.8)
93.8
____
212
31
98
4.30
197
(12.7)
92.8
____
207
30
95
4.35
192
(11.5)
91.9
____
202
29
93
90
4.40
187
(10.0)
90.7
____
196
____
4.45
183
(9.0)
90.0
____
192
28
89
4.50
179
(8.0)
89.0
____
188
27
87
182
____
85
178
26
83
4.55
174
(6.4)
87.8
____
4.60
170
(5.4)
86.8
____
(continued)
237
tolErancEs
ROCKWELL
HARDNESS NO.
Brinell
Indentation
Diameter
mm
Brinell
Hardness
No.
10-mm
Tungsten
Carbide
Ball
3,000
Kg Load
CScale,
150-kg
Load
Brale
Penetrator
BScale,
100-kg
Load,
1/16-In.
Diameter
Ball
AScale,
60-kg
Load,
Brale
Penetrator
Diamond
Pyramid
Hardness
No.
Vickers
Shore
Scleroscope
Hardness
No.
Tensile
Strength
(Approximate)
in 1,000
psi
4.65
167
(4.4)
86.0
____
175
____
81
171
25
79
163
____
76
4.70
163
(3.3)
85.0
____
4.80
156
(0.9)
82.9
____
4.90
149
____
80.8
____
156
23
73
5.00
143
____
78.7
____
150
22
71
5.10
137
____
76.4
____
143
21
67
131
____
74.0
____
137
____
65
5.20
NOTE: The values shown are based in SAE J417 and ASTM E140. Values in ( ) beyond normal range and are for
information only.
238
tEmPErs
cold rollEd stEEl striP

tEmPErs & EdgEs
No. 1 - Hard
Carbon 0.25% max.
Thickness: 0.070 and thicker - RB 84 min.
Under 0.070 -RB 90 min.
No. 2 - Half Hard
Carbon 0.25% max.
to RB 85 approx. max..
No. 3 - Quarter Hard
Carbon 0.25% max.
to RB 75 approx. max.
No. 4 - Pinch Pass or Skin Rolled
Carbon 0.15% max.
Thickness: 0.040 and thicker - RB 65 max.
No. 5 - Dead Soft

Carbon 0.15% max.
Thickness: 0.040 and thicker - RB 55 max.
NOTE: For these tempers, its customary not to exceed 0.60% manganese by ladle analysis. If
manganese is specified above 0.60% by ladle analysis or in the case of temper Nos. 4 and 5, the
carbon is specified above 0.15% by ladle analysis, these Rockwell Hardness values dont apply.
EdgEs
No. 1 Perfect square or round edge.
No. 2 Natural mill edge

No. 3 Approx. square edge by slitting, not filed.
No. 4 Round edge produced by edge rolling.
No. 5 Approx. square edge by rolling or filling after slitting.
No. 6 Square edge procuced by edge rolling.
239
wEight formulas
CONVERSION FACTORS
Multiply
Density
Steel Weight by Lbs./in.3
LBS. PR LINEAL FOOT
ROUNDS
D
SQUARES
D
HEXAGONS
D
OCTAGONS
D
FLATS
W
O.D.
D = Size, Inches
Steel: 3.4032 x D2
Aluminum: 1.18 x D2
D = Size, Inches
Steel: 2.9473 x D2
Aluminum: 1.02 x D2
D = Size, Inches
Steel: 2.8193 x
D2
Aluminum: .974 x D2
D = Size, Inches
Steel: 3.4032 x T x W
Aluminum: 1.20 x T x W
TUBING
Steel: 2.6729 x D2
Aluminum: .924 x D2
CIRCLES
D
RINGS
ID
OD
T = Thickness, Inches
W = Width, Inches
Steel: 10.68 x (OD-W) x W
Aluminum: 3.70 x (OD-W) x W
OD = OD, Inches
W = Wall, Inches
Steel: .22274 x T x D2
Aluminum: .077 x T x D2
D = Diameter, Inches
Steel: .22274 x T x (O D2 x I D2)
Aluminum: .077 x ((O D2 x I D2)
OD = OD, Inches
ID = ID, Inches
Aluminum
1100
2011
2014
2017
2024
3003
5005
5052
5056
5083
5086
6061
6063
7050
7075
7178
Stainless
300 Series
400 Series
Nickel
200
400
R-405
K-500
600
625
800H
800AT
825
330
20
C-276
2545MD
Magnesium
Beryllium
Titanium
Zirconium
Cast Iron
Zinc
Brass
Columbium
Copper
Molybdenum
Silver
Lead
Tantalum
Tungsten
Gold
240
.3462
.3604
.3568
.3568
.3533
.3498
.3462
.3427
.3356
.3392
.3392
.3462
.3462
.3568
.3568
.3604
.098
.102
.101
.101
.100
.099
.098
.097
.095
.096
.096
.098
.098
.101
.101
.102
1.030
1.010
.292
.286
1.132
1.125
1.121
1.075
1.072
1.075
1.012
1.012
1.037
1.012
1.030
1.132
1.012
.229
.236
.575
.812
.911
.911
1.084
1.095
1.144
1.303
1.339
1.448
2.120
2.462
2.466
.321
.318
.318
.305
.306
.305
.287
.287
.294
.287
.292
.321
.287
.065
.067
.163
.230
.258
.258
.307
.310
.324
.369
.379
.410
.600
.697
.698
dEcimal EquivalEnt chart

Fraction
Decimal
Equivalent
(in.)
Metric
Equivalent
(mm)
Fraction
Decimal
Equivalent
(in.)
Metric
Equivalent
(mm)
1/64
.015625
.397
33/64
.515625
13.097
1/32
.031250
.794
17/32
.531250
13.494
3/64
.046875
1.191
35/64
.546875
13.891
1/16
.062500
1.588
9/16
.562500
14.288
5/64
.078125
1.984
37/64
.578125
14.684
3/32
.093750
2.381
19/32
.593750
15.081
7/64
.109375
2.778
39/64
.609375
15.487
1/8
.125000
3.175
5/8
.625000
15.875
9/64
.140625
3.572
41/64
.640625
16.272
5/32
.156250
3.969
21/32
.656250
16.669
11/64
.171875
4.366
43/64
.671875
17.066
3/16
.187500
4.763
11/16
.687500
17.463
13/64
.203125
5.159
45/64
.703125
17.859
7/32
.218750
5.556
23/32
.718750
18.256
15/64
.234375
5.953
47/64
.734375
18.653
1/4
.250000
6.350
3/4
.750000
19.050
17/64
.265625
6.747
49/64
.765625
19.447
9/32
.281250
7.144
25/32
.781250
19.844
19/64
.296875
7.541
51/64
.796875
20.241
5/16
.312500
7.938
13/16
.812500
20.638
21/64
.328125
8.334
53/64
.828125
21.034
11/32
.343750
8.731
27/32
.843750
21.431
23/64
.359375
9.128
55/64
.859375
21.828
3/8
.375000
9.525
7/8
.875000
22.225
25/64
.390625
9.922
57/64
.890625
22.622
13/32
.406250
10.319
29/32
.906250
23.019
27/64
.421875
10.716
59/64
.921875
23.416
7/16
.437500
11.113
15/16
.937500
23.813
29/64
.453125
11.509
61/64
.953125
24.209
15/32
.468750
11.906
31/32
.968750
24.606
31/64
.484375
12.303
63/64
.984375
25.003
1/2
.500000
12.700
1.000000
25.400
241
millimEtEr - inch EquivalEnts

mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
.0394
26
1.0236
51
2.0079
76
2.9921
.0787
27
1.0630
52
2.0472
77
3.0315
.1181
28
1.1024
53
2.0866
78
3.0709
.1575
29
1.1417
54
2.1260
79
3.1102
.1969
30
1.1811
55
2.1654
80
3.1496
.2362
31
1.2205
56
2.2047
81
3.1890
.2756
32
1.2598
57
2.2441
82
3.2283
.3150
33
1.2992
58
2.2835
83
3.2677
.3543
34
1.3386
59
2.3228
84
3.3071
10
.3937
35
1.3780
60
2.3622
85
3.3465
11
.4331
36
1.4173
61
2.4016
86
3.3858
12
.4724
37
1.4567
62
2.4410
87
3.4252
13
.5118
38
1.4961
63
2.4803
88
3.4646
14
.5512
39
1.5354
64
2.5197
89
3.5039
15
.5906
40
1.5748
65
2.5591
90
3.5433
16
.6299
41
1.6142
66
2.5984
91
3.5827
17
.6693
42
1.6535
67
2.6378
92
3.6220
18
.7087
43
1.6929
68
2.6772
93
3.6614
19
.7480
44
1.7323
69
2.7165
94
3.7008
20
.7874
45
1.7717
70
2.7559
95
3.7402
21
.8268
46
1.8110
71
2.7953
96
3.7795
22
.8661
47
1.8504
72
2.8347
97
3.8189
23
.9055
48
1.8898
73
2.8740
98
3.8583
24
.9449
49
1.9291
74
2.9134
99
3.8976
25
.9843
50
1.9685
75
2.9528
100
3.9370
Metric = # / 25.4 = inches

mm -> inches = # x .03937
242
Index
Abrasive Resistant Grades .................................................................

Abrasive Resistant Plate ....................................................................
Alloy Steels:
Aircraft quality ..................................................................
Bars ....................................................................................
Aluminum:
Angle ..................................................................................
Bars ....................................................................................
Channel ..............................................................................
Diamond tread plate ...........................................................
Expanded metal grating .....................................................
Flat .....................................................................................
Flattened expanded metal ..................................................
Hexagon .............................................................................
Pipe ....................................................................................
Plate ...................................................................................
Regular expanded metal ....................................................
Round bar ..........................................................................
Sheet ..................................................................................
Square bar ..........................................................................
Tool & Jig plate .................................................................
Tread plate .........................................................................
Tube ...................................................................................
Aluminum Bronze:
Flat .....................................................................................
Round bar ..........................................................................
Angles:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Brass ..................................................................................
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
37
43
82
88-89, 96-97, 100-101
126
130-131
127
133
137
128-129
135
131
139
132
135
130
134
131
132
133
138
163
163
126
161
20-24
105
B
Bars:
Alloy steel .........................................................................

Aluminum ..........................................................................
Brass ..................................................................................
Cold finished .....................................................................
Hot rolled ...........................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
243
88-89
130-131
162
96-101
86-87, 90-91
109-112
Index
Bar Grating:
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Stainless steel .....................................................................
Stair treads .........................................................................
Beams:
Standard (I Beam) ..............................................................

Wide flange ........................................................................
Bevel cutting .....................................................................................
Brass:
Angle .................................................................................
Flat .....................................................................................
Hexagon ............................................................................
Round bar ..........................................................................
Square bar ..........................................................................
Bronze:
Flat .....................................................................................
Round bar ..........................................................................
Round tube ........................................................................
Burning ..............................................................................................
49-51
51, 119
52
29
26-28
10
161
161
162
162
162
163
163
163
9
C
Carrier Plate .......................................................................................
Certified Klein Steel (CKS) ..............................................................
Channel:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Bar size ..............................................................................
Galvanized ........................................................................
Junior .................................................................................
Ship & Car .........................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Standard .............................................................................
Cold Finished:
Flat .....................................................................................
Hexagon .............................................................................

Key stock ...........................................................................
Round bar ..........................................................................
Square bar ..........................................................................
Cold rolled sheet ...............................................................................
Commercial Quality Steel .................................................................
Corrosion Resistant Grades ...............................................................
Credtit ................................................................................................
244
54
13
127
30
32
33
33
106
30-31
92-95
101
99
96-97
100
71-72
65
38
16
D-E
Index
DOM Tubing .....................................................................................

Diamond Grip Grating:
Aluminum .........................................................................
Hot rolled ..........................................................................
Stainless ............................................................................
Diamond Tread Plate:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Directions:
Buffalo ..............................................................................
Rochester ..........................................................................
Expanded Metal:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Flattened ............................................................................
Grating ...............................................................................
Regular ...............................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Standard .............................................................................
135, 150-154
133
45
54, 120
133
45-46
114
3
3
58, 60-61, 135
59-60, 76, 117, 135
61, 137
58, 135
60, 117
58, 135
F-G
Fiberglass:
Accessories ........................................................................
Fabrication .........................................................................
Grating ...............................................................................
Grating with grit top plate .................................................
Hardware ...........................................................................
Structurals .........................................................................
Flat:
Alloy steel ..........................................................................
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Aluminum bronze ..............................................................
Brass ...................................................................................
Cast iron .............................................................................

Cold finished ......................................................................
Hot rolled ...........................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
245
64
64
63
63
64
64
95
128-129
163
161
165
92-95
83-85
107-109
Index
Galvanized:
Angle .................................................................................
Bar grating .........................................................................
Pipe ....................................................................................
Sheet ..................................................................................
Stair treads .........................................................................
Telespar tubing ..................................................................
Galvannealed Sheet ...........................................................................
Grating ...............................................................................................
25
51
156
73-74
52
149
74
47-64
H-I
Half Ovals .........................................................................................
Half Round:
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Handrail .............................................................................................
Hexagons:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Brass ...................................................................................
Cold finished ......................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
High Strength/Low Alloy (HSLA) Grades ........................................
High Strength/Low Alloy (HSLA) Plate ...........................................
I-Beams ..............................................................................................
90
90
111
34
131
162
101
112
38
43
29
J-K
Junior Channel ...................................................................................
KASTO Automatic Storage & Retrieval System ..............................
Keyed Shaft .......................................................................................
Keystock ............................................................................................
33
12
99
99
L-M
Ladder Rungs ....................................................................................
Laser ..................................................................................................
Lathe ..................................................................................................
MC Channel ......................................................................................
246
57, 120
9
11
33
Index
Mechanical Tubing ............................................................................

Miter cutting ......................................................................................
141
10
P
Perforated Sheet:
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Stainless steel .....................................................................
Pickled & Oiled:
Plate ...................................................................................
Sheet ..................................................................................
Pipe:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Galvanized .........................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Plasma Contour Bevel Station ...........................................................
Plasma Cutting ...................................................................................
Plate:
Abrasive resistant ..............................................................
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Corrosion resistant .............................................................
High Strength/Low Alloy ..................................................

Pickled & Oiled .................................................................
Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) ..........................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Hot Rolled ...........................................................................
Tool & Jig ..........................................................................
Weathering steel ................................................................
Plate Burning .....................................................................................
Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) Grade .............................................
Processing capabilities ......................................................................
62, 77
62, 118
42
70
139
155, 157
156
124
10
9
43
132
43
43
42
44
113
39-42
132
38
9
38
9-11
R
Rectangular Tubing
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Carbon steel ........................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Rebar .................................................................................................
Return Policy .....................................................................................
Round Bar:
Alloy ..................................................................................
Aluminum ..........................................................................
247
138
146-148
122
35
17
88-89
130
Index
Round Bar contd:

Aluminum bronze ..............................................................
Brass ...................................................................................
Cast iron .............................................................................

Cold finished ......................................................................
Copper ...............................................................................
Half round ..........................................................................
Hot rolled ..........................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Turned, Ground & Polished (TGP) ...................................
Round Tubing:
Bronze ................................................................................
Carbon steel ........................................................................
Cast iron .............................................................................
Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM) ............................................
Mechanical .........................................................................
Structural ............................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
163
161
165
96-97
164
90
86-87
109-110
98
163
150-154
166
150-154
150-154
150-154
124
S
Safety-Grip .....................................................................................
Safety-Tread Ladder Rungs ............................................................
Safety-Tread Plate ..........................................................................
Sawing ............................................................................................
Shearing ..........................................................................................
Sheet:
Aluminum .......................................................................
Cold rolled ......................................................................
Galvanized ......................................................................
Galvannealed ..................................................................
Hot rolled ........................................................................
Perforated .......................................................................

Pickled & oiled ...............................................................
Polished stainless ............................................................
Stainless ..........................................................................

Thickness tolerances........................................................
248
55
57
56
10
11
134
71-72
73-74
74
69
62, 77
70
115-116
115-116
67-68
Index
Square Bar:
Aluminum .......................................................................

Cold finished ...................................................................
Hot rolled ........................................................................
Stainless ..........................................................................
Square tubing:
Aluminum ......................................................................
Carbon steel ...................................................................
Stainless ..........................................................................
Stainless:
Angle .................................................................................
Bar grating .........................................................................
Channel ..............................................................................
Diamond grip grating .........................................................
Diamond tread plate ...........................................................
Flat .....................................................................................
Flattened expanded metal ..................................................
Half round bar ....................................................................
Hexagon .............................................................................
Ladder rungs ......................................................................
Perforated sheet .................................................................
Pipe ....................................................................................
Plate ...................................................................................
Rectangular tubing ............................................................
Round bar ..........................................................................
Round tubing .....................................................................
Safety-Tread ladder rungs .................................................
Sheet ..................................................................................
Square bar ..........................................................................
Square tubing .....................................................................
Threaded rod ......................................................................
Tread plate .........................................................................
Stair treads .........................................................................................
Standard beam ...................................................................................
Strip ...................................................................................................
Structural quality steel (A36) ............................................................
Structurals:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Carbon steel .......................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Surplus divisions ...............................................................................
249
131
100
91
112
138
143-145
121
105
51, 119
106
120
114
107-109
117
111
112
57, 120
62, 118
124
113
122
109-110
123-124
57, 120
115-116
112
121
111
114
52
29
83
37
126-127
20-33
105-106
3
Index
Tee bar ...............................................................................................

Threaded rod:
Plain ...................................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Zinc ....................................................................................
Tubing:
Aluminum ..........................................................................
Cast Iron ............................................................................
Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM) ............................................
Galvanized Telespar .........................................................
Mechanical .........................................................................
Rectangular ........................................................................
Round .................................................................................
Square ................................................................................
Stainless .............................................................................
Turned, Ground & Polished Bar ........................................................
34
90
111
90
138
166
150-154
149
141
146-148
150-154
143-145
121-124
98
U
U-Edging ...........................................................................................
60, 75
W
Waterjet ..............................................................................................
Welded Bar Grating ...........................................................................
Welded Wire Mesh ............................................................................
Wide Flange Beam ..............................................................................
250
9
48-51
35
26-28

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Table of ConTenTs

The Vision Behind Klein Steel 1-2

About Klein Steel

Grating, Flooring & Fiberglass

Bar Stock & Alloys

Tubing & Pipe

Brass, Bronze, Copper & Cast Iron

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel

The late Arnold Klein, founder of

Joseph Klein, Chief Executive

Klein Steel Service locationS

Phone: (585) 328-4000

Phone: (716) 826-6060

Phone: (518) 326-3232

Klein Steel Direct

Klein Steel Direct-Buffalo

Klein Steel Direct-Syracuse

1029 Lyell Avenue

1050 Military Road

Salina Industrial Powerpark

Phone: (585) 458-8100

Phone: (716) 825-9331

Phone: (315) 454-3165

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

K lein s Teel - r ochesTer

K lein s Teel - B uffalo

Scajaquada Exp. (198)

From the south and east:

From the south:

From the west:

Grand Island Blvd. (324)

Niagara Falls Blvd.

Mt. Read Boulevard

From the east:

From the north:

From the north:

K lein s Teel T oday & T oMorrow

Klein Steel strives to be the premier supplier of metals by providing

K lein s Teel i nTenT

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

KLEIN STEEL VALUES

K lein S teel t oday & t omorrow

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

Plate burning & PlaSma cutting

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

Machining center (Drilling, Milling, tapping,

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

c erTified K lein s Teel

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

Cert to Web Access Capabilities

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

Klein Steel Service inc.

ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843

Structural Quality Steel

Structural Steel Alloy

High Strength Low Allow (HSLA)

Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel)