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Input
processes data
Processing
produces output
Output
stores results
Storage
Input (Data):
Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input
devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
Process:
Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal
process of the computer system.
Output:
Output is the processed data given by computer after data processing.
Output is also called as Result. We can save these results in the storage
devices for the future use.
Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of
times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the
space.[2] Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and
mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers
in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most
people think of as computers. However, the embedded computers found
in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to
industrial robots are the most numerous.
What components make a computer?
Today's computers are often comprised with some or all of the below
components (hardware). As technology advances, older technologies such
as the floppy disk drive and Zip drive (both shown below) are no longer
required or included with computers.
Bay
Case or Chassis
CPU (processor)
Hard drive
Keyboard
Memory (RAM)
Microphone
Motherboard
Mouse
Printer
Sound card
Speakers
Video card
Connections
A diagram of the back of a personal computer and a brief description of the
computer connections can also be found on our connection definition.
Peripherals
A peripheral is any accessory or add-on that can be attached to your
computer, but is not required. For example, a computer printer is a perfect
example of a peripheral. See the peripheral definition for a full list of
peripherals that can be attached to your computer.
Variations of computers
When talking about a computer or a "PC" you are usually referring to a
traditional computer that you would find in a home or office. However,
today the lines of what makes a computer are blurring. Below, are all the
different examples of what is considered a computer today.
LAPTOP
laptop
computer,
sometimes
called
notebook
computer by
MOBILE
A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device that allows users to make
calls and send text messages, among other features. The earliest batch of
mobile phones could only make and receive calls. Todays mobile phones,
however, are packed with a lot of additional features such as Web browsers,
games, cameras, video players and even navigational systems.
capable phones.
A mobile phone with highly advanced features is called a smartphone, while
a regular mobile phone is known as a feature phone.
IPAD
After months of hype and speculation, Apple introduced its latest creation,
the iPad, at an event in San Francisco earlier this year. The mobile
computing device, which has been described by some as a cross between
the iPhone and a MacBook laptop, hit the store shelves and Apple has since
sold 1 million of them.
But what is it really, and what does it do? Here are 18 things to know about
the iPad.
downloading and installing apps. As of October 2013, the App Store has
more than 475,000 native apps by Apple and third parties.
There have been five versions of the iPad. The first generation established
design precedents, such as the 9.7-inch screen size and button placement,
that have persisted through all models. The iPad 2 added a dual core Apple
A5 processor and VGA front-facing and 720p rear-facing cameras designed
for FaceTime video calling. The third generation added a Retina Display,
the new Apple A5X processor with a quad-core graphics processor, a 5megapixel camera, HD 1080p video recording, voice dictation, and 4G
(LTE). The fourth generation added the Apple A6X processor and replaces
the 30-pin connector with an all-digital Lightning connector. The iPad Air
added the Apple A7 processor, the Apple M7 motion coprocessor and
reduced the form factor for the first time since the iPad 2. iOS 6.0 added
Siri to the third and fourth generations and the iPad Mini.
There have been two versions of the iPad Mini. The first generation features
a reduced screen size of 7.9 inches and features similar internal
specifications as the iPad 2 except it uses the Lightning connector. The
second generation features the Retina Display, the Apple A7 processor and
In the last quarter of 2013, there were 26 million iPads sold, a new record,
compared to 22.9 million in the last quarter of 2012
Apple's first tablet computer was the Newton MessagePad 100,[17][18]
introduced in 1993, which led to the creation of the ARM6 processor core
with Acorn Computers. Apple also developed a prototype PowerBook Duobased tablet, the PenLite, but decided not to sell it in order to avoid hurting
MessagePad sales.[19] Apple released several more Newton-based PDAs; the
final one, the MessagePad 2100, was discontinued in 1998.
Apple re-entered the mobile-computing markets in 2007 with the iPhone.
Smaller than the iPad, but featuring a camera and mobile phone, it
pioneered the multi-touch finger-sensitive touchscreen interface of Apple's
iOS mobile operating system. By late 2009, the iPad's release had been
rumored for several years. Such speculation mostly talked about "Apple's
tablet"; specific names included iTablet and iSlate.[20] The iPad was
Hong Kong, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and Singapore on July 23,
2010.[35][36][37] Israel briefly prohibited importation of the iPad because of
concerns that its Wi-Fi might interfere with other devices.[38] On September
17, 2010, the iPad was officially launched in China.[39]
300,000 iPads were sold on their first day of availability.[40] By May 3,
2010, Apple had sold a million iPads,[41] this was in half the time it took
Apple to sell the same number of first generation iPhones.[42] After passing
the one million mark they continued selling rapidly reaching 3 million sales
after 80 days.[43] During the October 18, 2010, Financial Conference Call,
Steve Jobs announced that Apple had sold more iPads than Macs for the
fiscal quarter.[44] In total, Apple sold more than 15 million first-generation
iPads prior to the launch of the iPad 2.[45] selling more than all other
tablet PCs combined since the iPad's release.[46] and reaching 75% of tablet
PC sales at the end of 2010.[47]
Jobs unveiled the iPad 2 at a March 2, 2011, press conference.[48][49] About
33% thinner than its predecessor and 15% lighter, the iPad 2 has a better
processor, a dual core Apple A5 that Apple says is twice as fast as its
predecessor for CPU operations and up to nine times as fast for GPU
operations. The iPad 2 includes front and back cameras that support the
FaceTime videophone application, as well as a three-axis gyroscope. It
retained the original's 10-hour battery life and had a similar pricing
scheme.
CAMERA
CAMERA stands for Community Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced
Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis. The aim of this project is to serve
the needs of the microbial ecology research community, and other scientists
using metagenomics data, by creating a rich, distinctive data repository and
a bioinformatics tools resource that will address many of the unique
challenges of metagenomic analysis. The Project was initiated by the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, beginning in Jan 2006.
families),
together
with
their
annotations
and
associated
browse the specific details on how results are generated, and upload their
own workflows. The flexibility of the system enables tool integration from
the broader research community and promotes the maintenance of an
extensible analysis environment. An important aspect of the workflow
environment is the organization of workflows into a systematic network, in
which the output for one functional unit can be used as an input for
subsequent workflow runs. This allows researchers to build a complete endto-end analysis stream by choosing different combinations of workflows
based on their specific needs for a given analysis.
CAMERA also provides high-performance networking access and gridbased computing, and a large amount of rotating storage to support
analyses. The project sustains version updates and software upgrades
training sessions, and periodic solicitation of feedback to ensure the
infrastructure and services continue to serve the needs of the scientific
community. The success of this project will depend heavily on continuous
input from the genomics, microbiology, molecular biology, ecology, and
related communities about their needs and priorities. We encourage your
feedback on the utility of the tools and data sets we make available and how
we can improve on them in subsequent releases.