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REFERENCES
S + O2 = SO2
SO2 is a colourless gas possessing a pungent and irritating
odour at higher concentration above 300 ppm .
It can react photochemically in the atmosphere to form sulphur
trioxide, sulphuric acid .
SO3 , may also exist in the form of vapour, and readily combine
with water to form H2SO4 .
The major concern SO2 and SO3 in the atmosphere is their
ability to form H2SO4 , which declines the pH of rain water to
result in the occurrence of acid rain .
By looking all harmful effects on human health as well as
vegetation and materials, it is damn necessary to control the
emission of sulphur content in environment.
Thiophene, T
Benzothiophene, BT
Dibenzothiophenes, R2DBT
During gasification, the coal is blown through with oxygen and steam
while also being heated (and in some cases pressurized).
Oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce a gaseous
mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour
(H2O), and molecular hydrogen (H2). (Some by-products like tar, phenols,
etc.
This process has been conducted in-situ .
Coal + O2 + H2O H2 + 3CO
If the refiner wants to produce alkanes, the coal gas is collected at this
state and routed to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
If hydrogen is the desired end-product, the coal gas undergoes the
water gas shift reaction .
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
The carbon to hydrogen ratio in fuel oil is lower than that in coal
and, hence the gasification of fuels is much easier .
It involves catalytic steam cracking where the hydrocarbon reacts
with the steam over a nickel catalyst at temperature of 700-1000o C
and at atmospheric pressure to form carbon monoxide, methane and
hydrogen.
The sulphur in the fuel is converted in to hydrogen sulphide which
is then separated by means of ethanolamine.
The hydrogen sulphide is finally converted in to sulphur in a claus
system plant.
www.sciencedirect.com
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Air pollution and Control engineering by Noel de Nevers .