WAVELET- BASED APPROACH

TO CHARACTER SKELETON

MEMBERS:

GUIDE:

25 December 2014

Department of IT
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
To implement a character skeletonization
scheme which is effective in extracting relevant
features of the character for optical character
recognition(OCR), handwriting recognition,
signature verification.

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Department of IT
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ANALYSIS PHASE

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LITERATURE SURVEY
Wavelet-based approach to character
skeleton.
Skeletonization of ribbon-like shapes based
on new wavelet function.

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Department of IT
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PROBLEMS TO OVERCOME
In traditional algorithms (Fourier Transform-FT and
Symmetric axis transform-SAT),
The symmetric center of skeleton was computed
indirectly by measuring inscribed circle or the
symmetric triangle.
Moreover, the skeleton obtained slightly deviates from
the center.
Skeleton obtained is distorted by artifacts and
branches.
Cannot be applied to gray-level images
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WHAT IS CHARACTER SKELETON?

The skeleton of a character is the locus of the midpoints
or the symmetric axis of the character stroke

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WHY WAVELET
APPROACH?
Wavelet transform is capable of providing the time and
frequency information simultaneously.
Modulus-maxima symmetric analysis technique to directly
extract skeleton by contour line detection.
Skeleton can be extracted more accurately based on
wavelet based amendment processing.
Robust against noise.
Applicable to both binary and gray-level images.
25 December 2014

PROPOSED MODEL
In our new wavelet-based approach ,these are the ideas
proposed to overcome the above problems,
The symmetric center can be determined as the midpoints
of the symmetric points directly using the new waveletbased symmetry analysis method.
A skeleton representation is robust against noise and
insensitive to linear geometric transformations, such as
translation, rotation, and scaling.
The Amendment processing method of the proposed model
plays an important role in effectively removing artifacts and
distortions.
Unlike the traditional pixel-based methods the proposed
curve-based method is applicable to gray-level images too.
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Department of IT
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USE-CASE DIAGRAM
Input the digitized
character image

Amendment processing
Perform wavelet transform

Compute modulus of WT and

gradient codes

user
Reduce noise by thresholding

character
recognition
system

Detect contour points and

join them
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Department of IT
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SYSTEM TEST PLAN

INPUT
English characters &numerical images

OUTPUT
Skeleton of the Character stroke.

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DESIGN PHASE

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MODULES
There are two major modules, namely
1. Generating the new wavelet function,
define the low-pass filter and wavelets.
2. Using the WLMMS technique, extracting
the skeleton of the character stroke.

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Department of IT
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EXTRACTION OF SKELETON
In this module,
A direct technique is used, where a new wavelet-based
symmetry analysis is developed to find the central line of
the stroke.

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Department of IT
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WAVELETS
The wavelets imply the partial derivatives
of a low pass filter

( x, y )
( x, y )
x
1

and

( x, y )
( x, y )
y
2

( x, y ) is chosen as
25 December 2014

( x2 y2 )

Department of IT
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ALGORITHM
Input the digitized character image and select a
suitable scale.
Perform the wavelet transform to the character
image.
Compute modulus of the wavelet transform.
Remove the noise.
Compute local modulus maxima .
Find the symmetric pair of modulus maxima
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AMENDMENT PROCESSING
Here, the obtained skeleton of the character
stroke is modified to remove spurs and
artifacts so that the skeleton is accurate and
relevant for recognition.

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Department of IT
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UNIT TEST PLAN

Unit 1- Primary Skeleton Extraction Unit
In which a character image is inputted and the
primary skeleton of the regular region is obtained as
output.

Unit 2- Amendment Processing Unit

In which output of the unit 1 is used as input
and modified to obtain the final skeleton of the input image
as output.
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Department of IT
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DESIGN

The wavelet transform of the image is performed using the function

W f ( x, y ) ( f * )( x, y ) s ( f * s )( x, y )
x

2
2
Ws f ( x, y ) ( f * s )( x, y ) s ( f * s )( x, y )
y
1
s

1
s

The modulus of the WT is found using

| WS f ( x, y ) |: Ws1 f ( x, y ) 2 Ws2 f ( x, y ) 2
and gradient direction with the help of

Ws2 f ( x, y )
As f ( x, y ) arg tan( 1
)
Ws f ( x, y )

For the noise removal, the threshold level chosen is 0.39.

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SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

SOFTWARE:

Mat lab 7.0

HARDWARE:

3.0 GHz Pentium IV CPU

1GB RAM

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SCREEN SHOTS

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ORIGINAL IMAGE

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GRADIENT DIRECTION IMAGE

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MODULUS MAXIMA IMAGE

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PRIMARY SKELETON

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FINAL SKELETON

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THANK YOU

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