1

KSG3603
ETHICS, CURRENT ISSUES
AND ADVANCE TOPICS IN PSYCHOLOGY
AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY

Name

: Norsyakinah Binti Rasiman

ID number

: D20112051842

Group

:A

Type of Assignment

: Individual

Lecturers name

: Mr. Nuzsep Almigo

INTRODUCTION

In this assignment, the journal review were about the research on Aviation Psychology
taken from three journals entitled Workload Influence on Fatigue Related
Psychological and Physiological Performance Changes of Aviators (Jin Ma, Ru-Meng
Ma, Xi-Wen Liu, Ka Bian, etc.al, 2014) called as (Article A: Appendix A), Situational
and Personal Charactecteristics Associated With Adverse Weather Encounters By
Pilots (Hunter, Martinussen, Wiggin, OHare, 2010) as (Article B : Appendix B) ,
Role Playing in Flight Instructor Training: How Effective Is it? (Crow, Niemczyk,
Andrews, Fitzgerald, 2009) as (Article C: Appendix C) .

ARTICLE A

This article mainly discuss about the condition of aviators after certain workload
which may causing them having physical and mental fatigue. In order to know the
effect, there were experiments done on selected aviators as the participants by using
Fatigue Assessment Instrument (FAI) and Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFF)
test. As a result, stated that there was no significant change in the FAI scores,
however the CFF test produced the scores that shown fatigue evaluation occured,
mental changes and as well as their psychophysiological state being affected after
finishing simulated flight. To sum up, CFF test was the easiest way to detect either
workload influence on the performance changes of aviators after done with flight
simulator training. For further research, CFF test can be one of the effective test to be
use as the instrument.

ARTICLE B

This study mainly conducted to know about the relationship between the pilot
personalities and the weather condition that they have to encounter. The numbers of
sample involved was 364 participants and were divided into three groups which 144
reported flying into weather, 114 experienced a flight on which weather was a
concern, and 106 reported no flights on which weather was entered or a major concern
(Martinussen, Wiggin, OHare, 2011). The result that come out from the research was

obtained through questionnaires which has shown that the pilots can be classified into
three groups; in-weather, near-weather, and no weather groups and based on four
scales; demographic variables, hazardous events, risk perception and pilot judgment.
From that, Martinussen, Wiggin, OHare (2011) stated that the no weather group has
the most conservative personal minimums, least number of hazardous events, and
highest scores on the pilot judgment scale, while in-weather group has shown the vice
versa. Interestingly, there were no differences among the groups on their risk
perception scores. Therefore, more pilots in-weather group (28%) reported that they
would be much more careful in the future regarding weather, compared to (17%) of
the near-weather group. Future research should overcome the limitation which is
better understanding is needed to ensure the causal factor between situational during
the flight control and personal characteristics of the pilot itself.

ARTICLE C

This study aims to investigate the behaviors of flight instructor trainee towards the
actual students versus peer students who role-playing as a student. The methodology
used was observation of their behaviors through video recording of student pilots
while flying. The participants were the instructors-in-training that were working
toward obtaining their Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) certificate. After going through
the data analysis of the results using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), it
can be shown that there were significant difference between the two groups in their
rate per minute (RPM) of behavioral measurements. The result were classified into a
few categories which were providing direct, direct instruction, ask a question and
reduce workload. From the discussion part, it stated that ; the behavior of the
instructor trainees changed depending whether their student was an actual student or
a role-playing peers as the group of instructors that taught actual students seemed to
give commands to direct the students, used true statements to guide their thinking, and
then ask questions to probe the students understanding. It is important to recognize
these differences because instructor trainees are being trained in a role-playing
environment similar to the instructor group teaching their peers (Crow, Niemczyk,
Andrews, Fitzgerald, 2009) . Overall, for better result in training they have been
suggested that the training environment should be modified and in the training

structure should be consist of three persons in the training team which are CFI,
instructor trainee and a student.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, all three journal are discussing regarding human factor that will affect
the aviation field such as fatigue due to workload in training, personalities and
weather condition, trainers environment either actual or role playing. These related to
the relationship of psychological aspect of the aviators or the pilots when handling or
control the flight which also have correlate with physiological aspect as to be a
professional pilot the person have to own best fit in physical, emotion and cognition as
they have to overcome or face an unexpected situation or turbulence during flying.
Further research or training may be one of the best way to figure out new invention or
ways to reduce accident made by human error or improve the quality of aviators.

REFERENCES

Brent Crow, Marry Niemczyk, Dee Andrews, Patricia Fitzgerald. (2009). Role
Playing in Flight Instructor Training: How Effective Is it? International
Journal of Applied Aviation Studies. Air Force Research Laboratory.
David R. Hunter, Monica Martinussen, Mark Wiggin, David OHare. (2010).
Situational and Personal Charactecteristics Associated With Adverse Weather
Encounters By Pilots. United States: Elsevier Ltd
doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.08.007.
Jin Ma, Ru-Meng Ma, Xi-Wen Liu, Ka Bian, Zhi-Hong Wen, Xiao-Jing Li, Zuo-Ming
Zhang, Wen-Dong Hu. (2014). Workload Influence on Fatigue Related
Psychological and Physiological Performance Changes of Aviators. Spain:
PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087121.