U.P.

College of Engineering, Institute of Civil Engineering

ES 11 Statics of Rigid Bodies

COURSE SYLLABUS
st

1 Semester, AY 2014-2015
Course Description: Fundamental principles of mechanics and their applications to the simpler engineering problems
involving static equilibrium; Forces and Moments, their components and resultants, and their vector representation;
System of discrete as well as continuously distributed forces; Frames, trusses, cables, friction; First and second
moments of length, area, volume, and mass.
Course goals: After completing this course, a student must be able to
1. Appreciate the fundamental concepts related to engineering mechanics
2. Gain knowledge on geometric properties of areas and volumes
3. Understand the effects of external forces on rigid bodies in static equilibrium
4. Understand internal forces in plane trusses, beams and frames
5. Develop the ability to analyze particles and rigid bodies in static equilibrium
Prerequisites
: Math 54, Physics 71
Textbook
: Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics 10th ed. (SI Units) by Beer, Johnston, & Mazurek
Additional References
: Engineering Mechanics: Statics 3rd ed. by Bedford and Fowler;
Engineering Mechanics: Statics SI ed. by Hibbeler;
Statics of Rigid Bodies SI ed. by E.S. Pacheco, 1993
Course Schedule
Week

Lec No. Lecture Topic

Aug 7 8

Aug 11 15
Aug 18 22
Aug 25 29

Sep 1 5

Sep 8 12
Sep 15 19
Sep 22 26
Sep 29 Oct 3

5
6
7
8

Oct 6 10

Oct 13 17
Oct 20 24
Oct 27 31
Nov 3 7
Nov 10 14
Nov 17 21
Nov 24 28

10
11
12
13
14
15

Fundamental Concepts
Force Vectors
Free Body Diagram and Particle Equilibrium
(No ES 11 classes this week)
Vector Operations
Moment of a Force,
Couples and their Moment
Equivalent Force Systems
Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
Dry Static Friction, Belt Friction
Centroid and Center of Gravity 2D Bodies
Centroid and Center of Gravity 3D Bodies
Distributed Loads: Loads on Beams and Hydrostatic Forces
Area Moment of Inertia
Mass Moment of Inertia
Internal Forces, Beams, Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
Beams, Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams (continued)
Trusses
Frames
(No lecture classes this week)

Textbook References

Lab No.

Preface, Sec. 1.1-1.5

Sec. 2.1-2.8, 2.12-2.14
Sec. 2.9-2.11, 2.15

Lab 0

Sec. 2.3-2.4,3.4-3.5,3.9-3.10
Sec. 3.1-3.3,3.6-3.7,3.11
Sec. 3.12-3.15
Sec. 3.16-3.18, 3.20
Sec. 4.1-4.9
Sec. 8.1-8.5, 8.10
Sec. 5.1-5.6, 5.10-5.12

Lab 2a, 2b

Sec. 5.8, 5.9

Lab 8a, 8b

Sec. 9.1-9.7
Sec. 9.11-9.15
Sec. 7.3-7.6
Sec. 7.3-7.6
Sec. 6.1-6.5, 6.7-6.8
Sec. 6.9-6.11

Lab 9a, 9b
Lab 10a, 10b
Lab 11a, 11b
Lab 12a, 12b
Lab 13a, 13b
Lab 14a, 14b
Lab 15a, 15b

Lab 1a, 1b

Lab 3a, 3b
Lab 4a, 4b
Lab 5a, 5b
Lab 6a, 6b
Lab 7a, 7b

Schedule of Exams:

FIRST LONG EXAM

SECOND LONG EXAM
THIRD LONG EXAM
FOURTH LONG EXAM
FINAL EXAM
MAKE-UP EXAM

September 15, 2014, Monday 4-6pm [Lectures 1-4]

October 6, 2014, Monday 4-6pm [Lectures 5-7]
November 3, 2014, Monday 4-6pm [Lectures 8-11]
December 1, 2014, Monday 4-6pm [Lectures 12-15]
December 9, 2014, Tuesday, 1-4pm
December 9, 2014, Tuesday, 5-7pm

Second Semester important dates:

Start of Classes Aug 7 (Thurs); Last Day for Dropping Nov 6 (Thurs); End of Classes Dec 5 (Fri);
Holidays that would affect classes: Quezon City Day Aug 19 (Tue); Ninoy Aquino Day Aug 21 (Thurs)

Useful Information:
Lecturer:

Consultation Time/Place:

Lab Instructor:

Consultation Time/Place:

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CLASS POLICIES
Attendance. Attendance is required. A student who is absent in more than 3 lecture meetings OR in more than 6 lab
meetings, whether excused or unexcused, should drop the course on or before February 20, 2014. Otherwise, he/she
will be given a grade of 5.0, unless his/her standing is passing AND most of the incurred absences are due to valid
reasons, in which case he/she will be given a forced DRP. In case there is an equal number of excused and unexcused
absences, the first three absences will be considered in the decision. If the student is absent due to a valid excuse,
supporting documents (e.g. medical certificate) should be presented to the lecturer and/or lab instructor within one
week of the students return to class. Only the following are considered valid excuses: medical illness, death of an
immediate family member, and competitions or trainings endorsed by the department or the University. Students must
attend the lab and lecture sections in which they are officially enlisted. ATTENDANCE POLICY WILL BE STRICTLY
IMPLEMENTED.
During the lecture class, the lecturer may give a seatwork or quiz that may serve as an attendance check. Any student
who misses the attendance check will be marked ABSENT, unless he/she approaches the lecturer immediately at the
end of that lecture class.
Course Requirements. Students will be evaluated based on their performance in 15 sets of lab work (LW), 4 long exams
(LE), & a final exam (FE).
Lab work (LW) is designed to challenge the students in using the concepts of Statics in solving simple engineering
problems. It is divided into two-1.5 hour-sessions per week, namely Lab-A, and Lab-B (the first and second
sessions, respectively).

Lab-A: Students will INDIVIDUALLY solve one average and one difficult problem per lab session. The two
problems will be given at the same time. The first one hour and fifteen minutes of the lab session will be
allotted for solving the problems. At the end of the allotted period, the students papers will be collected, and
the last fifteen minutes of the lab session will be devoted to discussion of the lab problems. Each problem
will be graded all-or-nothing i.e., the student gets a grade of 100 if the solution and answer are correct, and
zero if incorrect. If the student gets a grade of 100 for BOTH problems, he/she is exempted from attending
Lab-B for that week.

Lab-B: Students are given a second chance to solve problems and get the score of 100 during this second lab
session. Students will be given a new set of problems to solve (on the same topic). Same procedure and
grading is applied as in Lab-A.

The students lab score for the week will be taken from the lab session (Lab-A or Lab-B) where the student got a
higher score. In case of suspension of classes or holidays, LW will become a take home work, and students must
submit their work the day after the problems are distributed, or during the deadline set by the lab instructors.
Each long exam (LE) has 4 parts: Part I is a 10-item multiple choice-type subtest, and Parts II to IV are problem
solving. Below are policies pertaining to long exams:
1. Submit answer sheets to your lab instructors a day before the exam, or earlier. Use long yellow pad for
answer sheets. Late submission of answer sheets will result in a 5% deduction in LE grade.
2. Answer the exam alone and to the best of your knowledge.
3. Write only on one side of the answer sheet and start each part of the exam on a new sheet.
4. Use black or blue ink pen. Solutions written in pencil will not be considered for rechecking.
5. Do not use correction fluid or correction tape in your solutions.
6. Write your name, student number, section, exam number, date, and page number on each sheet.
7. Complaints/queries will be entertained only within a week after the results are returned.
8. Students are allowed to make-up for only one LE that has a valid excuse.
The final exam (FE) is a 40- to 50-item multiple-choice exam covering all topics. No make-up final exam will be
administered. Any student who is not exempted and did not take the FE for VALID reasons (see the paragraph on
Attendance) will be given a grade of INC if his/her pre-final grade is passing.
Electronic devices, e.g. cellular phones, laptops, tablets, and audio players, must be turned off and kept inside the
bag during lecture classes, lab classes, and exams.
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Grading System
Grading of lab work per session (LW) = (grade for average problem + grade for difficult problem) 2
Grade for each long exam (LE) = 20% Multiple Choice + 20% Easy Problem + 20% Average Problem + 20% Difficult
Problem + 20% Average of LW with topics covered in the LE
Pre-final Grade = (LE1 + LE2 + LE3 + LE4) 4
Exemption from taking the Final Exam: If pre-final grade is 72% or better, and no LE score is lower than 60%. If
exempted, the pre-final grade becomes the final grade. For students taking the final exam, final grade will be as follows:
Final Grade = 0.70 x (Pre-final Grade) + 0.30 x (Final Exam Score)
Grading Scale (Note: This is a pass or fail course.)
Final Grade
92-100
88-below 92
84-below 88
80-below 84
76-below 80

Equivalent Grade
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00

Final Grade
72-below 76
68-below 72
64-below 68
60-below 64
Below 60

Equivalent Grade
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
5.00

Intellectual dishonesty. Intellectual dishonesty is any fraudulent act performed by a student to achieve academic
advantage or gain for oneself or others, including but not limited to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Copying or providing the means to copy a classmates exam answers, homework, laboratory experiments,
etc.;
Allowing a classmate to copy from ones own exam answers, homework, laboratory experiments, etc.;
Possession and/or use of cheat devices during an examination;
Plagiarism, which shall be defined as the taking and use of another persons ideas, writings, inventions and
similar intellectual products as ones own without knowledge, consent and/or accreditation;
Deception, which shall be defined as providing false information concerning an academic activity;
Allowing another person to take an examination in ones name, and/or impersonating another student or
allowing someone to impersonate oneself in an academic activity;
Manipulating a corrected exam paper; and
Any other form of cheating or any act of dishonesty in relation to academic activity.

Any student found guilty of committing intellectual dishonesty will be penalized in accordance
with prevailing University rules and regulations.
According to the UP Faculty Manual:
1.
2.

Any student found guilty of any form of cheating or intellectual dishonesty shall be penalized with
suspension for not less than one (1) year.
Students found guilty of cheating/dishonesty shall be barred from graduating with honors, even if their
weighted average is within the requirement for graduation with honors.

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ES 11 Detailed Course Outline: Lesson Objectives and Topics

Class Sessions

Lecture 1
Lab 1A/1B

Lecture 2
Lab 2A/2B

Lesson Objectives
After the lecture and laboratory, the students must be
able to:
1. Define mechanics and statics
2. Identify and explain each of the fundamental
concepts and principles used in mechanics
3. Define forces and completely illustrate force vectors
(two-dimensional [2D] and three-dimensional [3D])
4. Define particles and illustrate forces acting on
particles; define coplanar and concurrent forces
5. Add force vectors (calculate the resultant) using
parallelogram law and triangle rule
6. Define unit vectors that point to the direction of an
axis
7. Resolve vectors into rectangular components (2D
and 3D) or along any set of given axes
8. Add force vectors by summing up rectangular
components (2D an 3D)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Lecture 3

1.

Lab 3A/3B

2.
3.
4.
5.

Lecture 4

1.
2.

Lab 4A/4B
3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Recall Newtons first law of motion

Define particle equilibrium
Define free-body diagram (FBD)
Draw FBD of a particle acted upon by forces
Draw multiple FBDs
Express equilibrium condition graphically and
mathematically
Learn to set-up equilibrium equations
Solve problems involving the equilibrium of a
particle
Learn (or review) different operations involving
multiplication of vectors
Calculate vector-product
Calculate dot product
Explain the projection of a vector on an axis
Calculate mixed-triple product
Define rigid bodies
Differentiate between external and internal forces
on rigid bodies
Understand the principle of transmissibility
Define moment of a force about a point (MOFP)
and its illustrate its 2D and 3D vector
representation
Explain the external effect of moments on the
rigid body using right-hand rule
Calculate MOFP as product of force and
perpendicular distance and as vector product of
position vector and force vector.
Explain the Varignons Theorem and its application
in obtaining the resultant of several concurrent
forces
Determine the resultant moment about a point of
several forces acting on a rigid body
Define and illustrate lambda or the unit vector
defining the direction of an axis or line
Define the moment of a force about a line or axis
(MOFL) and illustrate its vector representation
Calculate MOFL as mixed triple product of lambda,
position vector, and force vector
Determine the resultant moment about a line of
several forces acting on a rigid body
Determine the perpendicular distance between a
force and a line using the MOFL
Define a couple
Calculate the moment due to a couple and
illustrate its vector representation
Explain equivalent couples
Determine the resultant moment due to couples
acting on a rigid body
FIRST LONG EXAM

Ver. 07/30/2014, AY2014-2015, 1st Semester

Topic

Fundamental Concepts
Definition of mechanics
Fundamental concepts and
principles
Statics of Particles
Forces on a particle
Resolution into components
Resultant of forces acting on a
particle

Free Body Diagram and

Particle Equilibrium

References and
Suggested Problems
Chap. 1.1-1.5, 2.1-2.8,
2.12-2.14
Prob. 2.2, 2.3, 2.5,
2.10, 2.23, 2.25, 2.28,
2.38, 2.71, 2.75, 2.85

Chap. 2.9-2.11, 2.15

Prob. 2.43, 2.45, 2.46,
2.47, 2.57, 2.61, 2.99,
2.107, 2.111, 2.121

Vector Operations
Vector, scalar and mixed-triple
products

Chap 2.3-2.4,3.43.5,3.9-3.10
Prob. 3.15, 3.35,
3.36, 3.39, 3.45, 3.46

Moment of a Force
Moment of a force about a
point
Moment of a force about a line
Couples and their moment

Chap. 3.1-3.3,3.63.7,3.11, 3.12-3.15

Prob. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3,
3.8, 3.11, 3.12,
3.48, 3.59, 3.60, 3.61
Prob. 3.68, 3.69, 3.70,
3.71, 3.73, 3.75,
3.76, 3.78, 3.80

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Class Sessions
Lecture 5

Lesson Objectives
1.
2.

Lab 5A/5B
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Lecture 6

1.

Lab 6A/6B

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
Lecture 7
Lab 7A/7B

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

Topic

Explain equivalence of force systems by external effect

Resolve a force vector with an equivalent force-couple
system at any other point
Reduce a system of forces to a resultant force-couple
Define and illustrate equivalent force systems
Calculate the angle between resultant force vector and
resultant couple vector
Identify types of force systems that allow further
reduction of systems of forces into a single force.
Reduce a system of forces to a single force.

Equivalent Force Systems

(Resultant of force systems
acting on rigid bodies)

Recognize different types of supports/connections used

to hold structures in place (2D and 3D)
Identify and draw all reaction force and moment
components for different types of support (2D and 3D)
Draw the free body diagram of a rigid body acted upon
by forces and moments
Define equilibrium of rigid bodies
Give the number of equilibrium equations and set up the
equations for a rigid body acted upon by a force system
(2D and 3D)
Recognize situations defined as statically determinate,
statically indeterminate, or partially constrained.
Define two-force body and three force-body in
equilibrium
Identify two-force and three-force bodies in a multi-FBD
problem
Solve for unknown quantities in an equilibrium problem
(2D and 3D)
Define static friction
Explain the laws of dry friction
Explain the meaning of maximum static friction and
impending motion
Compute the angle of static or kinetic friction, and angle
of friction in general
Draw the friction force with correct direction on the FBD
Solve for unknown quantities in equilibrium problems
involving friction.
Solve friction problems involving wedges
Determine whether or not a body will move when a force
system acting on the body is given Derive the belt friction
formula
Determine which side of the frictionless belt has larger
tension
Determine the angle of contact in radians from the
sketch of belt/drum or pulley
SECOND LONG EXAM

Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies

Ver. 07/30/2014, AY2014-2015, 1st Semester

References and
Suggested Problems
Chap 3.16-3.18, 3.20
Prob. 3.82, 3.83, 3.85,
3.88, 3.90, 3.91,
3.121, 3.122, 3.142

Chap 4.1-4.9
Prob. 4.3, 4.5, 4.10,
4.69, 4.75, 4.89,
4.107, 4.115, 4.139

Dry Static Friction

Laws of dry friction
Wedges
Belt Friction

Chap 8.1-8.5, 8.10

Prob. 8.1, 8.4, 8.5,
8.6, 8.14, 8.15,
8.53, 8.54, 8.56, 8.65,
8.103, 8.105, 8.119,
8.120, 8.122

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Class Sessions

Lesson Objectives

Lecture 8

1. Determine by integration the first moment of an (a)

area, and (b) line, about an axis
2. Explain the geometric interpretation of a centroid in
relation to the first moment of area.
3. Give the location of the centroid of a triangle, quarter
circle, semi-circle, parabolic area, spandrel, quarter
circular arc, semi-circular arc, and general arc.
(Remember: Take note of the reference axes from
which the centroids given in the book were derived.)
4. Give the location of centroid of an area by integration.
5. Give the location of centroid of composite areas and
lines.
6. Define center of gravity
7. Differentiate centroid from center of gravity.
8. Determine the center of gravity of plates and thin wires.
9. Determine the centroid of a volume (volumes of
revolution).
10. Determine the center of gravity of 3D bodies
11. Determine the center of gravity of composite bodies

Centroid and Center of

Gravity
Areas and lines
Volumes and masses

1. Define distributed loads

2. Replace distributed loads on beams with equivalent
concentrated loads.
3. Determine the location of the equivalent concentrated
load on beams
4. Determine unknown quantities for a beam in
equilibrium, subjected to distributed loading and
concentrated loads
5. Determine the resultant hydrostatic pressure on a
submerged rectangular surface

Distributed Loads
Loads on Beams
Hydrostatic Force

1. Define the second moment or moment of inertia of an

area
2. Differentiate the second moment from the first moment
3. Obtain the moment of inertia of an area about an axis
lying on its plane by integration
4. Obtain the moment of inertia of an area about an axis
perpendicular to the plane or obtain the polar moment
of inertia
5. Give the formula for the moment of inertia of a
rectangle, triangle, circle, semi-circle, and quarter circle
about the centroidal axis, or any axis parallel to it.
6. Define radius of gyration and solve for it given the area
and AMOI
7. State and use the parallel axis theorem
8. Obtain the moment of inertia of a composite area about
a prescribed axis.

Area Moment of Inertia

1. Define the mass moment of inertia

2. Obtain the mass moment of inertia of a thin plate about
(a) an axis lying on the middle surface of the plate, and
(b) an axis perpendicular to the plate
3. Give the formula for the mass moment of inertia of a
sphere about an axis through the center, a slender rod
about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing
through its center of mass, and a circular disk about an
axis perpendicular to the disk and passing through its
center
4. Compute the radius of gyration given the mass and
mass moment of inertia
5. State and use the parallel axis theorem for mass
moment of inertia
6. Determine the mass moment of inertia by integration
7. Obtain the mass moment of inertia of a composite area
about a prescribed axis.

Mass Moment of Inertia

Lab 8A/8B

Lecture 9
Lab 9A/9B

Lecture 10
Lab 10A/10B

Lecture 11

Topic

References and
Suggested Problems
Chap 5.1-5.6, 5.10-5.12
Prob. 5.3, 5.6, 5.15,
5.37, 5.44, 5.48,
5.96, 5.98, 5.103

Chap 5.8-5.9
Prob. 5.66, 5.72, 5.74,
5.75, 5.76, 5.78,
5.84, 5.89, 5.93

Chap 9.1-9.7
Prob. 9.2, 9.3, 9.4,
9.9, 9.11, 9.14, 9.15,
9.36, 9.46, 9.47

Chap 9.11-9.15
Prob. 9.115, 9.116 ,
9.121, 9.138, 9.142,
9.145, 9.131,
9.122, 9.124

THIRD LONG EXAM

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Class Sessions

Lesson Objectives

Lecture 12 & 13

1.

Lab 12A/12B
Lab 13A/13B

2.

3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

Lecture 14
Lab 14A/14B

Lecture 15
Lab 15A/15B

Topic

Differentiate and explain external forces and

internal forces with respect to members
forming a structure
State the three types of internal forces that
can appear in a member acted upon by a
general coplanar force system
Determine the internal forces at any section of
a given member
Define a beam and identify types of loading
for a beam
Classify beams either as statically determinate
or indeterminate, depending on type of
support
State the convention for positive shear and
positive bending moment for beam analysis
Draw shear and bending moment diagrams by
cutting through critical sections of a beam
State the mathematical relations among load,
shear, and bending moment
Draw shear and bending moment diagrams
with the aid of mathematical relations among
load, shear, and bending moment

Internal forces in members

References and
Suggested Problems
Chap 7.1-7.6
Prob. 7.29, 7.35, 7.37,
7.39, 7.40, 7.42,
7.75, 7.76, 7.87

Shear and Bending Moment

Diagrams for Beams

1. Define a simple truss

2. State the assumptions made in the analysis of
trusses
3. Determine the magnitude and type of axial
force (tensile or compressive) in any member of
a truss using the method of joints.
4. Determine the magnitude and type of axial
force (tensile or compressive) in any member of
a truss using the method of sections.

Trusses

1. State the principal difference between a truss

and a frame
2. Given a structure where a pin connects three or
more members, draw the FBD of each of the
members
3. Determine the forces acting on any member of
a frame.

Frames

Chap 6.1-6.5, 6.7-6.8

Prob. 6.4, 6.9, 6.13,
6.45, 6.51, 6.53,
6.57, 6.61, 6.63

Chap 6.9-6.11
Prob. 6.75, 6.78, 6.79,
6.82, 6.89, 6.94,
6.99, 6.100, 6.101

FOURTH LONG EXAM

FINAL EXAM

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