API 653 - Section 577

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Whataretheweldmentrequirementstasks
priortowelding?

Reviewdrawings,codes,standards.
Reviewweldrequirements,procedures,
NDEinfo,weldingequipment,etc
(4.2.2)

Whatarethematerialsrequirementstasks
priortowelding?

Ensureallmaterialisidentified:filler
metal,basematerial,ifrequiredperform
PMI
(4.2.7)

Whatarethequalityassurancetasks
duringwelding?

Establishaqualityassuranceandquality
controlumberllawiththewelding
organization
(4.3.1)

Whataretheappearanceandfinishtasks
uponcompletionofwelding?

Thosethatassuredinalweldqualitybefore
placingtheweldmentinservice
(4.4.1)

NametwoofNDEpersonnel
qualificationsspecifiedinASMESection
V,art1?

ASNTSNTTC1A,ANSI/ASNTCP189.
Thosereferencesgivetheamployer
guidelinesorstandards
(4.6)

Whatarethesixreferencedwelding
processesmentionedinAPI577?

Shieldedmetalarcwelding(SMAW)
Gastungstenarcwelding(GTAW)
Gasmetalarcwelding(GMAW)
Fluxcoredarcwelding(FCAW)
Submergedarcwelding(SAW)
Studarcwelding(SW)
(5)

Whataretheadvantagesandlimitationsof
theSMAWweldingprocess?

Advantages
a.Equipmentisrelativelysimple,
inexpensive,andportable.
b.Processcanbeusedinareasoflimited
access.
c.Processislesssensitivetowindand
draftthanotherwelding
processes.
d.Processissuitableformostofthe
commonlyusedmetals
andalloys.
Limitations
a.Depositionratesarelowerthanforother
processessuchas
GMAW.
b.Slagusuallymustberemovedatstops
andstarts,and
beforedepositingaweldbeadadjacentto
orontoapreviously
depositedweldbead.
(5.2.2and5.2.3)

Whatarethethreefillermetaltransfer
modesintheGMAWweldingprocess?

ShortCircuitingTransfer(GMAWS),
GlobularTransfer,SprayTransfer
(5.4.1,5.4.2.2and5.4.3)

Whatareatleastsixofessentialvariables
thatmustbeshownontheWPS?

a.Process.
b.Basemetal.
c.Fillermetal(and/orflux).
d.Weldingcurrent.
e.Weldingposition.
f.Shieldinggas,ifused.
g.Preparationofbasemetal.
h.Fittingandalignment.
i.Backsideofjoint.
j.Peening.
k.Preheat.
l.Postweldheattreatment.
m.Weldingtechnique.
(6.2.1)

Whatarefourteststhatcanbefoundon
thePQR?

Tensiontest,guidedbendtest,notch
toughnesstest,hardness(6.3)

Whatarethethreestepsusedwhen
reviewingaWPS/PQR?

VerifyWPSmeetsSectionIX,Verify
PQRmeetsSectionIX,ConfirmPQR
essentialvariablessupportrangeonWPS
(6.4)

WherearetheAWSclassificationsfound
inASMESectionIX?

TableW432
(7.4)

TheAnumberappliestowhichtypeof
fillermetals?

Steelandsteelalloys
(7.5)

WherecanASMEguidelinesbefoundfor
thestorageandhandlingoffillermetals?

IntheAWSA5.XXoffillermetalspecs
(7.7)

Directvisialexaminationisconducted
whenaccessissufficienttoplacetheeye
within?

6"24",nolessthan30deg.
(9.3.1)

Namethe5mechanicalaidstovisual
examination?

Steelruler,vernierscale,combination
squareset,thicknessgauge,levels.
(9.3.2.2)

ForaddedsensitivityusingMTwhich
techniqueisrecommended?

Wetfluorescentmagneticparticle
(WFMT)
(9.4.1)

Whatarefouroftherequirementsthat
applytothePTmethod?

a.Inspectionistobeperformedin
accordancewithaprocedure
(asspecifiedbythereferencingcode
section).
b.Typeofpenetrantmaterialstobeused.
c.Detailsforpreexaminationcleaning
includingminimum
dryingtime.
d.Dwelltimeforthepenetrant.
e.Detailsforremovingexcesspenetrant,
applyingthedeveloper,
andtimebeforeinterpretation.
f.Evaluationofindicationsintermsofthe
acceptancestandards
ofthereferencingcode.
g.Postexaminationcleaningrequirements.
h.Minimumrequiredsurfaceillumination
(visibleorblacklight)
ofthepartunderexamination
(9.6.1)

Whatarethecommonholediametersof
holetypeIQI'srelatedto?

Multiplesofthethicknessofthesheet
(9.8.2)

Whatarethemostcommonsourcesused
forRT?

Iridium192andCobalt60
(9.8.4)

Whenusingthedoublewalltechniquefor
RThowmanyexposuresarerequired
whenbothwallsaresuperimposed?

Minimumof3,at60degor120deg
(9.8.8.3)

Whatarefouroftheitemsthatan
interpreterofradiographsmustpossess?

Productformofobjectbeing
radiographed.
Thecharacteristicsoftheradiationsource
andenergy
level.
Thecharacteristicsoftherecordingmedia.
Theprocessingoftherecordingmedia
(9.8.9.5)

Whatarethethreetypesofdisplaysused
withUT?

A,B,Cscandisplays
(9.9)

WhatisthepurposeofDAC(distance
amplitudcorrection)?

Thiscurveallowsa
simpleechoevaluationofunknown
reflectorsbycomparison
oftheechoheightwithrespecttothe
DAC(9.9.1.1)

Whatarethethreetypesofultrasonic
testing?

PulseEchoRasterScanning,PulseEcho
ZonedInspection,TimeofFlight
Diffraction(9.9.6)

Thetipdiffractionmethodiseffectivefor
sizingwhattypeofflaws?

Flawswhichareopentotheinsideor
outsidediametersurfaceandareshallow
tomidwall
(9.9.7.2)

Whatisacommonleaktestingmethod
thatisusedduringhydrostatictesting?

Directpressurebubbletest
(9.11)

Whatitemsofinspectionresultsaretobe
reportedinaninspectionreport?

a.Inspectionsheetnumber.
b.Inspectionlimitations.
c.Inspectionresults.
d.Adescriptionofallrecordableand
reportableindications.
(9.12.1.3)

Whateffectdoestraceelementsofcarbon
sulfurandphosphoroushaveinacast
structure?

Theseelementscancausevariationsinthe
solidificationtemperatureofdifferent
microstructuralphaseswhitinthemelt.
(10.2.1)

Whatareothertermsfortherapidcooling
orheatingofawroughtmaterialwithin
certaintemperatureranges?

Quenchingandtempering
(10.2.2)

Whatisanimportantfactoronthe
selectionofshieldinggases?

Thetypeofmixture
(10.2.3)

Materialswithhighthermalconductivity
requirehigherorlowerheatinputsto
welds?

Higher
(10.3.2)

Whataremetalswithahighcoefficientof
thermalexpansionsusceptibleto?

Warpinganddistortionduringwelding
(10.3.4)

Stressinrelationtotensiletestisdefined
as?

Theforceactinginagivenregionofthe
metalwhenanexternalloadisapplied.
(10.4.1)

Ductilityisusuallyexpressedasa
percentageoftheelongationwithina____
gagelength.

(10.4.2)

Namethreehardnesstestingmethods.

Rockwell,vickers,brinell,knoop
(10.4.3)

Whatisthemeaningof55HRC?

Avalueof55intheCscaleforahardness
reockwelltest
(10.4.3)

Whatisanexampleofaninservice
degradationthatishardnessrelated?

SusceptiblitytowetH2ScrackinginCSis
reducedifhardnesslevelsaremaintained
belowHRC22
(10.4.3)

Whataresixreasonsforperformingpre
heating?

Toreducethetendencyforhydrogen
induceddelayedcracking
a.Bringtemperatureuptopreheator
interpasstemperaturesrequiredbythe
WPS.
b.Reduceshrinkagestressesintheweld
andbasemetal
c.Reducethecoolingratetoprevent
hardeningandareductioninductilityof
theweldandbasemetalHAZ.
d.Maintainweldinterpasstemperatures.
e.Eliminatemoisturefromtheweldarea.
f.Meettherequirementsoftheapplicable
fabricationcode
(10.5)

Whatisthenameappliedtoanotchedbar
impacttest?

Charpyimpacttest
(10.4.4)

Materialsareoftenimpacttestedatvarious
temperaturestodeterminewhat?

Theductileorbrittletransitiontemp
(10.4.4)

WhatistheprimaryreasonforPWHT?

Torelievetheresidualstressesinawelded
fabrication
(10.6)

Whyishardeningoftheweldandbase
metalHAZareimportantincarbonand
lowalloysteels?

Becasueofhydrogenassistedcracking
(10.7)

Howishardenabilitydetermined?

Meassurethedepthtowhichapieceof
steelhardensduringquenchingfroman
elevatedtemperature
(10.7)

Whataretwotypesofmaterialtest
reports?

Heattestandproductanalysis
(10.8)

Whatarethefactorsrelatedtoweldability?

a.Themetallurgicalcompatibilityofthe
metaloralloybeingwelded
b.Thespecificweldingprocessesbeing
usedtojointhemetal.
c.Themechanicalpropertiesofthemetal,
suchasstrength,ductilityandtoughness.
d.Theabilityofthemetaltobewelded
suchthatthecompletedweldhassound
mechanicalproperties.
e.Weldjointdesign.
(10.9)

Whatistheprimaryfactoraffecting
weldability?

Chemicalcomposition
(10.9.1)

WhatdosteelshavingCE(carbon
equivalency)between0.350.55require?

Usuallyrequirepreheat
(10.9.1)

Thesimplestweldabilitytestsarethose
thatevaluatewhat?

Strenghtandductilityoftheweld
(10.9.2)

Theleightestevaluateswhattypeof
cracks?

Weldmetalcrackingandbasemetal
cracking
(Tab12)

Whatisthemostcommonmeasureof
weldabilityandsusceptibilitytohot
crackinginausteneticstainlesssteel?

Ferritenumberofweldmetal.Minimumof
5%20%
(10.10.1)

Isdistortiongreaterorlessforaustenitic
stainlesssteelthanforcarbonsteel?

Greater
(10.10.1)

Isitanadvantagetoapplypreheatingto
nickelalloyswhenwelding?

Disadvantage.Itslowsdownthecooling
periodallowinghotcracking.
(10.10.2)

Hottapandinserviceweldingoperations
shouldbecarriedoutwithwhattype
electrodes?

Lowhydrogen
(i.e.E7016,E7018,E7048)
(11.2.1)

Whatistherequiredliquidflowratein
pipingwheninserviceweldingis
performed?

1.3ft/sec4ft/sec
(11.2.2)

Tominimizeburnthroughthefirstweld
passshouldbemadewithwhatdiameter
electrode?

3/32"diameterforpiping/equipmentless
than1/4".
(11.2.3)

Whataretheinspectiontaskstypically
associatdwithhottappingorweldingon
inserviceequipment?

a.Verifyingadequatewallthickness
b.Verifyingtheweldingprocedure
c.Verifyingflowconditions
d.Specifyingthesequenceofweldingfull
encirclementsleevesandfittings
e.Verifyingfitupofthehottapfitting
f.Auditingweldingtoassurethewelding
procedureisbeing
followed.
g.PerformNDEofcompletedwelds
h.Witnessleaktestingoffitting,if
specified
(11.2.4)

Whatisthelimitingfactorforbasemetal
thicknesswhenweldingwiththeGMAW
sprocess?

1.1timesthetestcouponthicknessfor
couponslessthan1/2"thick
(11.3)

WhatisthetransfermodeforGMAWS?

Shortcircuitingtransfermode
(11.3)

Whatarethefivetypesofweldjoints?

Butt,lap,corner,T,edge
(FigA.1)

WhatdothefirsttwoXX'sstandforonth
SMAWelectrodeidentificationsystem?

Strenght
(FigA.6)

Anelectrode/fluxidentificaionisaF7A6
EM12K.Whatistheientificationofthe
flux?

F7A6
(FigA.9)