Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
3 -4 MARKS QUESTIONS
Q.1
Ans.
Q. 2
Ans.
2.
Q. 3
Ans.
Q. 4
Ans.
MRT is the rate at which the units of one good have to be sacrificed
to produce one more unit of the other good in a two goods economy.
117
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
(ii)
118
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
Q. 2
Ans.
Q. 3
A consumer consumers only two goods X and Y. State & explain the
conditions of consumers equilibrium with the help of utility analysis.
Ans.
MUX
MUY
=
PX
PY
MU
MUXX MU
PY
=P X
P
X
MU
PY
Y
OR
Explanation :
If,
XII Economics
AK
Similarly if
MUX
PX
MUY
the consumer is not in equilibrium as
PY
Q. 4
Explain how the demand for a good is affected by the price of its related
goods. Give examples.
Ans.
Q. 5
Ans.
Normal Goods : These are the goods the demand for which increases
as income of the buyer rises. There is a positive relationship between
income and demand or income effect is positive.
Example ; Rice, Wheat
Inferior Goods : These are the goods the demand for which
decreases as income of buyer rises. Thus, there is negative
relationship between income and demand or income effect is negative.
Example : coarse grain, coarse cloth.
120
XII Economics
AK
Q. 6
Ans.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Q. 7
Explain relationship between total utility and marginal utility with the help
of a schedule.
Ans.
Quantity (Units)
Total utility
Marginal utility
14
18
20
20
18
(1)
(2)
(3)
Q. 8
Ans.
121
XII Economics
AK
6 MARKS QUESTIONS
Q.1
Ans.
2.
3.
Q. 2
Ans.
MRS =
PX
PY
PXPX
PYPY
MRS is continuously falling.
Explanation
Suppose there are two goods X and Y. the first condition of
If MRS
values & willing to give more price than market price he will
purchase more of X this cause fall in MRS and it will continue
upto that when MRS =
If MRS
PX
PY
XII Economics
AK
PX
PY
PX
PY
Consumer is in equilibrium at point E.
123
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
Units of labour
10
24
42
Q. 2
With the help of example distinguish between total fixed cost and total
variable cost.
Ans.
XII Economics
AK
Q. 3
Draw average cost, average variable cost and marginal cost curves on
a single diagram and explain their relations.
Ans.
Q. 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw average cost, average variable cost and average fixed cost
curves on a single diagram and explain their relation.
1.
2.
XII Economics
AK
Q.5
Ans.
1.
2.
3.
Q. 6
Ans.
change in supply
2. Determinents of supply
other than price remains
unchanged
Q. 7
Explain how does change in price of input affect the supply of a good.
Ans.
XII Economics
AK
Q. 8
Ans.
B.
Q. 9
Ans.
Q. 1
Ans.
(ii)
(iii)
TP falls
127
XII Economics
AK
Behaviour of MP
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
MP becomes negative.
Machine
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
unit of labour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
128
TPP
3
7
12
16
19
21
22
22
21
MPP
3
4
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
XII Economics
AK
First Phase :
TPP increases with increasing rate upto A point. MPP also increase and
becomes maximum of point C.
Second Phase :
TPP increases with diminishing rate and it is maximum on point B. MPP
start to decline and becomes zero at D point.
Third Phase :
TPP starts to decline and MPP becomes negative.
Q. 2
Ans.
Producers equilibrium refers the stage under which with the help of
given factors of production producer attain that level of production of
which he is getting maximum profit. The conditions of producers
equilibrium through the marginal cost and marginal revenue approach
are as follows.
1.
2.
129
XII Economics
AK
Output
1
2
3
4
5
MR
4
4
4
4
4
MC
5
4
3
4
5
OR
Output
1
2
3
4
5
MR
10
8
6
4
2
MC
5
4
3
4
5
130
XII Economics
AK
Explanation of conditions :
(i)
(ii)
131
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
Q. 2
Ans.
Q. 3
Explain the inplication of freedom of entry and exit to the firms under
perfect competition.
Ans.
The firms enter the industry when they firnd that the existing firms are
earning super normal profits. Their entry raises output of the industry,
brings down the market price and thus reduce profits. The entry
continues till profits are reduced to normal (or zero) The firms start
leaving the industry when they are facing losses. This reduces output
of the industry, raises market price and reduces losses. The exit
continues till the losses are wiped out.
Q. 4
Ans.
Perfect knowledge means that both buyers and sellers are fully
informed about the market price. Therefore no firm is in a position to
charge a different price and no buyer will pay a higher price. As a result
a uniform price prevails in the market.
Q. 5
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
The elasticity of demand is high when the product has close substitutes
and that elasticity of demand tends to be low when the product does
not have close substitutes as we know in monopolistic competition there
is large number of close substitutes while in monopoly there is no close
substitutes hence the demand curve under monopolistic competition is
more elastic than under monopoly.
Q. 6
Ans.
2.
3.
2.
3.
There are legal, technical and natural barriers to the entry of new
firms so that there is no fear of increase in market supply.
Q. 7
Ans.
XII Economics
AK
Q. 8
Ans.
Perfect competition
Monopoly
2. Products are
homogeneous
3. Barriers to entry
4. There is no control
over price
Q. 9
Ans.
Monopoly
Monopolistic competition
2. There is product
differentiation.
3. Barriers to entry
Q. 10
Ans.
Oligopoly : It is a form of the market in which there are a few big sellers
of a commodity and a large number of buyers. There is a high degree
of interdependence among the sellers regarding their price & output
policy.
Following are some principal features of oligopoly :
1.
A few firms
2.
3.
Non-price competition.
4.
Entry barriers.
5.
Formation of cartels.
134
XII Economics
AK
6 MARKS QUESTIONS
Q.1
Ans.
Collusive oligopoly is one in which the firms cooperate with each other
in deciding price and output where as, non-collusive oligopoly is one
in which the firms compete with each other.
The firms are interdependent because each firm takes into
consideration the likely reactions of its rival firms when deciding its
output and price policy.
It makes a firm dependent on other firms. The firm may have to
reconsider the change in the light of the likely reactions.
Q. 2
Since the consumers will not be able to buy all they want to buy
at this price, there will be competition among buyers leading rise
135
XII Economics
AK
in price.
As price rises, demand starts falling (along D2) and supply starts
rising (along S) as shows by arrows in the diagram.
Q. 3
Ans.
2.
3.
Q.4
Ans.
Suppose demand is greater than supply. Since the buyers will not be
able to buy all what they want, there will be competition among the
buyers. It will have on upward influence on the price. As a reasult
demand will start falling and supply rising. It will go on till demand is
equal to supply again.
It demand is less than supply. Since the sellers will not able to sell all
what they want, there will be competition among the sellers. It will have
a downward influence on the price. As a reasult demand will start rising
and supply falling. It will go on till demand is equal to supply again.
Hence, the equilibrium price of a commodity is determined at that level
of output at which its demand equals its supply.
136
XII Economics
AK
UNIT VI
3 - 4 MARKS QUESTIONS
NATIONAL INCOME AND RELATED AGGREGATES
1 Mark Questions with Answer
1.
Ans.
2.
Ans.
3.
Ans.
4.
Ans.
5.
Ans.
6.
Ans.
137
XII Economics
AK
(ii)
(iii)
Depreciation (Rs.)
(iv)
(v)
3000
(vi)
2000
(vii)
Exise (Rs.)
2500
30
1000
1000
12000
3500
2.
Ans.
600
(ii)
400
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
() 50
(vi)
10000
(vii)
Subsidy (Rs.)
NVA
FC
2000
10
500
800
(ii)
(iii)
Excise (Rs.)
20
1600
138
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
(iv)
400
(v)
(vi)
Defniciation (Rs.)
1000
(vii)
8000
() 500
4.
Ans.
5.
Ans.
6.
Ans.
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
XII Economics
AK
7.
Explain the basis of classifying goods into intermediate and final goods.
Give suitable examples.
Ans.
8.
Ans.
9.
Ans.
Giving reason classify the following into intermediate and final goods.
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
How will you treat the following in estimating rational income of India?
Give reasons for your answer.
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
6 Mark Questions
1.
How will you treat the following which estimating national income of
India? Give reasons.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
XII Economics
AK
2.
3.
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
How will you treat the following which estimating domestic factor income
of India? Give reasons.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(b)
Net export
(c)
NFIA
(d)
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
Ans. 2 (i)
(ii)
XII Economics
AK
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Ans. 3 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
143
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
People save a part of their earnings for use in future. But in what form?
Money fulfills this need of the people. Money as a store of value means
that money is an asset and can be stored for use in future one can
hold ones earnings until the time one wants to spend it. This is the
store of value function of Money.
Q.2
Ans.
Q.3
Ans.
Q.4
Ans.
XII Economics
AK
Q.5
Ans.
Ans.
Money Creation =
Initial Deposit
Money multiplier
The Working :
Suppose (i) Initial Deposit = Rs. 1000 (ii) LRR = 20%
As required, the bank keeps 20% ie Rs. 200 as cash reserve and lend
the remaining Rs. 800. Those who borrow use the money for making
payments. As assumed those who receive these payments put the
money back into their bank accounts. This creates a fresh deposit of
Rs. 800. The bank again keep 20% ie Rs. 160 and lend Rs. 640. In
this way the money goes on multiplying leading to total money creation
of Rs. 5000.
Money creation = Initial Deposit
= 1000
145
XII Economics
AK
UNIT VIII
DETERMINATION OF INCOME
AND EMPLOYMENT
1 - Mark Questions with Answers
1.
Ans. :
2.
Ans.
3.
Ans.
4.
Ans.
5.
Ans. :
6.
Ans.
7.
Ans.
8.
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
9.
Ans .
When people who are willing to work at the giving wage rate do not get
work.
10.
Ans.
11.
Ans.
12.
Ans.
Aggregate supply is the money value of total supply of goods and services
available for purchase by an economy during a given period.
13.
Ans.
14.
Ans.
Ans. :
K=Y/I = 1/1-MPC
Y= Ix1/1-MPC
= 75x1/1-0.75
= 300 Crore
2.
XII Economics
AK
Ans. :
C= 300+0.8 Y
Y = C+I
Y = 300+0.8Y+700
=1250
3.
Giving reasons, state whether the following statements are true or false.
(1) When MPC is zero, the value of investment multiplier will also be
zero.
(2) Value of APS can never be less than zero
(3) When MPC>MPS, the value of investment multiplier will be greater
than 5.
(4) The value of MPS can never be negative
(5) When investment multiplier is 1, the value of MPC is zero.
(6) The value of APS can never be qreater than 1.
Ans.
4.
Ans.
5.
Ans.
XII Economics
AK
6 - Marks Questions
1.
Ans :
2.
(1)
(2)
Ans :
(1)
To Correct excess demand central bank can rise the bank rate.
This forces commercial bank to increase lending rates. This
reduces demand for borrowing by the public for investment and
consumption. Aggregate demand falls.
(2)
XII Economics
AK
3.
Ans.
Govt. Expenditure
2)
1)
2)
During deficient demand, central bank reduces the CRR. The result
of reducing CRR will be seen in the surplus cash reserves with
the banks which can be offered for credit. The banks credit bank
reduces SLR, this will have expansionary effect on the credit
position of the banks leading to increase in thier leading capacity
borrowing increases & AD increases.
4.
Ans. :
5.
Ans. :
Y = I x K
= 1000 x 4
= 4000 Crore
150
XII Economics
AK
(2)
Y = C + I
C = Y - I
= 4000-1000
= Rs. 3000 Crore
6.
Ans.
151
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
Q. 2
Ans.
Q. 3
Distingush between revenue receipts and capital receipts with the help
of example.
Ans.
Revenue receipts
Capital Receipts
XII Economics
AK
Q. 4
Ans.
Revenue Expenditure
Capital Expenditure
1. These expenditure do
not cause increase in
govt. assets
Q. 5
Ans.
Direct Tax
Indirect Tax
3. Production tax
Q. 6
Ans.
2.
3.
it is cause of inflation.
153
XII Economics
AK
UNIT X
BALANCE OF PAYMENT
1.
Ans. :
2.
Ans.
3.
Ans. :
4.
Ans. :
5.
Ans. :
6.
Ans.
Deficit in balance of trade indicates that the imports of good are qreater
than the exports.
7.
Ans.
8.
Ans. :
9.
XII Economics
AK
Ans.
10.
Ans.
1.
2.
3.
11.
Ans. :
Exports of goods and imports of goods determines BOT. When the value
of exports of goods is greater than the value of imports of goods.
12.
Ans.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Unilateral transfers
13.
Ans.
14.
Ans.
15.
When price of a foreign currency rises its supply also rises. explain
why?
Ans.
155
XII Economics
AK