MoonDragon's Health & Wellness

Disorders

INSECT BITE

BASIC INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
Many different insects bite, including mosquitos, fire ants, fleas, gnats, no-seeums, and ticks.
Most insect bites are a nuisance. They cause localized itching and redness,
but are relatively harmless. Others can be serious. Tick bites can spread
diseases such as Babesiosis, Lyme disease, or Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever. In some places, (principally in developing countries), mosquito bites
may transmit malaria and yellow fever, as well as viruses that cause
encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain. We are seeing more cases of West
Nile Virus (a flavivirus with flu-like symptoms related to a number of viruses
that cause encephalitis) associated with mosquito bites in the United States.

Basic characteristics of adult insects.

Bed bug bites.

Fire ant bite.

Brown recluse spider bite.

NON-VENOMOUS INSECTS

Many different insects bite and/or carry disease, including these nonvenomous insects:

Mosquitoes.
Fleas.
Bed Bugs.
Kissing Bugs.
Mites.
Scabies.
Lice.
Gnats & Midges(considered non-biting).
Chiggers.
Ticks.
Spiders.
Although
spiders are
not
technically insects, they can cause similar bites. The black widow
and brown recluse are two of the most poisonous spiders
inflicting painful and serious bites.

VENOMOUS INSECTS
Venomous Insects may include any of these:

Wasps.
Hornets.
Yellow Jackets.
All Bees.
Fire Ants.

Bees, hornets, and yellow Jackets may sting in self-defense or to subdue their
prey. There are also stings that can be obtained from aquatic life such as
jellyfish, sea anemones, and some types of coral.
Insect and spider bites often cause minor swelling, redness, pain, and itching.
These mild reactions are common and may last from a few hours to a few
days. Home treatment is often all that is needed to relieve the symptoms of a
mild reaction to common stinging or biting insects and spiders.
Some people have more severe reactions to bites or stings. Babies and
children may be more affected by bites or stings than adults. See
MoonDragon's Insect Allergy Information for more in depth discussion about
insect allergies.
Examples of problems that are more serious include:

A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Severe allergic reactions

are not common but can be life-threatening and require
emergency care. Signs or symptoms may include:

o
o
o

o
o
o

Shock, which may occur if the circulatory system cannot

get enough blood to the vital organs.
Coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, or feeling of
fullness in the mouth or throat.
Swelling of the lips, tongue, ears, eyelids, palms of the
hands, soles of the feet, and mucous membranes
(angioedema).
Lightheadedness and confusion.
Nausea, diarrhea, and stomach cramps.
Hives and reddening of the skin.

These symptoms often occur with other symptoms of a severe

reaction.

A toxic reaction to a single sting or bite. Spiders or insects that may cause this
include:

Black widow spider.

Brown recluse spider.
Hobo spider.
Scorpion.
Puss caterpillar (wooly slug).
A toxic reaction to multiple stings or bites from a bee, wasp, or
fire ant.
o A bee leaves it stinger behind and then dies after stinging.
Africanized honeybees, the so-called killer bees, are more
aggressive than common honeybees and often attack
together in great numbers.

A fire ant attaches to a person by biting with its jaws, then,

pivoting its head it stings from its abdomen in a circular
pattern at multiple sites.
A large skin reaction at the site of the bite or sting.
A skin infection at the site of the bite or sting.
Serum sickness. This is a rare reaction to the medications
(antiserum) used to treat a bite or sting. Serum sickness may
o

Wasps, including hornets and yellow jackets, can sting over

and over. Yellow jackets cause the greatest number of
allergic reactions.

cause hives and flu-like symptoms 7 to 14 days after the use of

antiserum.
A virus infection. Infected mosquitoes can spread the West Nile
virus to people, causing an inflammation of the brain
(encephalitis). For more information, see:
West Nile Virus Articles By WebMD
West Nile Virus Overview By WebMD

A parasite infection. Infected mosquitoes can spread malaria. For

more information see:
Malaria Overview By WebMD

Visit our Insect Allergy web page for information about allergies to insect
stings or bites and learn about allergic symptoms to determine if and when
you need to see a health professional.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INSECT BITES & STINGS

Symptoms

Venomous

Non-Venomous

Itching
Pain
Allergic Reactions
Swelling/Redness

Sometimes
Always
Common
Can be intense

Always
Uncommon
Rare
Mild or Absent

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A BITE & STING

(Resource: www.quickcare.org - Printed with permission.)
The differences are due to the nature of the bite or sting. Venomous insects
attack as a defense mechanism, injecting painful, toxic venom through their
stingers to punish you so you'll stay away next time. Non-venomous insects
bite and usually inject anti-coagulant saliva in order to feed on your blood.
Although local irritation and "allergic" reactions do occur from non-venomous
bites, severe reactions such as anaphylactic shock usually only happen from
venom stings.
When honey bees sting, they leave the stinger and venom sack attached (see
Removing Bee Stingers by BeeKeeping.com). Venom continues to pump in

through the stinger until the sack is empty or the stinger is removed. The only
good part about this is that honey bees die after they sting. Wasps, hornets,
and yellow jackets do not leave their stingers, thus can sting you over and
over.

LOCAL & SYSTEMIC REACTIONS COMPARISON

Venomous stings are always very painful, red, and swollen up to 12 inches
around the sting site. This is called a local reaction. In sensitive individuals, a
systemic or "whole body" reaction occurs, with redness, hives (itchy raised
skin lumps), and swelling far away from the sting site. These systemic
reactions can progress to involve the airways and circulation and may be lifethreatening. Obviously it is important to know the difference between local and
systemic reactions.
Biting insects generally are not dangerous because allergic reactions are
extremely rare. True, they do spread diseases like Lyme, Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever, encephalitis, and malaria, but for most of us their bites just
cause terrible itching.
For insect bites and stings, there are two types of prevention: repellants and
avoidance. Insect repellants work well for biting, non-venomous insects, but
not against angry stinging insects. The most effective repellant available is
DEET (n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide) available in sprays and lotions. Despite
advertising claims, no oral products have ever been shown to be effective
insect repellants.

AVOIDING STINGING INSECTS

Don't wear perfume or scented lotions.

Control odors at picnics, garbage areas, etc.
Avoid brightly colored clothing outdoors.
Destroy or re-locate all known hives or nests near your home.

AVOIDING MOSQUITOS, CHIGGERS & TICKS

Cover as much of your skin as possible with clothing, hats, socks, etc.
Pay special attention to cuff areas at ankles, wrists, and neck.
Avoid swamps (mosquitoes), dense woods, fields, and brush (ticks,
chiggers).

 Examine exposed skin and scalp areas for clinging ticks after returning from
hikes.
Use insect repellant.
See Lice and Scabies for prevention tips for these biting insects.

STINGS
First, the stinger must be removed (see images below).

To remove a stinger, scrape the back of a knife or other straight-edged object

across the stinger. A fingernail can be used if a straight-edged object is not
available. Do not use tweezers since it may squeeze the venom sac and
increase the amount of venom released into the wound. Next wash the site
thoroughly with soap and water. Place ice wrapped in a washcloth or other
suitable covering on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10
minutes. If needed an antihistamine can be applied to help reduce the itching.
Over the next several days the stinger site should be watched for signs of
infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pain.
Pain, swelling, and itching are the main complaints with stings. Itching is the
major complaint with insect bites. Home remedies include baking soda or meat
tenderizer compresses to "draw out" or destroy protein-based venom.
Scientific data is lacking with these techniques, but they do make logical
sense. See the table below for medications which can help.

Symptoms

Medication

Pain, swelling

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Itching

Topical anti-histamines
Anesthetics/analgesics
Topical hydrocortisone

Prevention of infection

Topical anti-bacterials

Topical anti-histamines and anesthetics are for quick temporary relief of insect
bites; hydrocortisone cream has slower onset, but longer effect.

MEDICATIONS
Motrin IB (ibuprofen 200 mg). For pain and swelling from insect stings,
Motrin IB is an excellent anti-inflammatory with quick onset.
Cortaid 10 (hydrocortisone 1%). This hydrocortisone cream improves both
itching and swelling/redness. It actually has anti-inflammatory effects, not just
symptomatic relief like the topical anesthetics. However, it does take longer for
full effect than topical anesthetics.
Dermoplast Spray (benzocaine 20%, menthol .5%). For immediate relief from
surface itching and pain, nothing is more effective than the active ingredients
in this product. The spray bottle is a convenient method of application, too.
Mycitracin Ointment (polymyxin B 10,000 IU/g, bacitracin zinc 500 IU/g,
neomycin sulfate 5 mg/g). If you're concerned an insect bite or sting may
become infected, the active ingredients in this product are the strongest
surface antibiotic available without prescription.

WHEN TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL OR EMERGENCY CARE

Any systemic reaction should be seen by a health care provider or emergency
room immediately. This includes hives (rash with noticeable skin irritation),
swelling in the face, shortness of breath or wheezing and difficulty swallowing
(caused by swelling in the throat), and lightheadedness or fainting. These
usually occur within the first few minutes to an hour after the sting or bite.
Warning: This could be life threatening in sensitive individuals. If you know
you are allergic to insect bites or stings, you should carry an epi-pen or other
epinephrine injection device with you at all times. This is a prescription and
must be recommended to you by your health care provider or allergist.
Local reactions generally do not require professional care and often can be
cared for using at-home remedies and over-the-counter medications. However,
if your local reaction causes enough swelling or pain to distract you from your
normal activities or keep you awake despite basic treatment, you should see
your health care provider for a possible prescription medication to help relieve
the symptoms.
If you are worried about infection when they see the redness and swelling from

the sting or bite, keep in mind that this is normal immediately after a sting and
may last up to a few days or so. Infection is uncommon and almost never
occurs earlier than 24 hours after the sting or bite. Infection is more likely if
you scratch the itch and break the skin, thus introducing infectious agents into
the scratches. After 24 hours, if there is pus or the redness and/or swelling is
worsening, see your health care provider or emergency room for treatment.

MOSQUITOES
Mosquitoes need to bite you, not to protect themselves or
their homes as bees do, but for their dinner. Female
mosquitoes rely on human and animal blood for their
meals (male mosquitoes don't ever bite humans, instead
relying on plants and flowers for food). In some places
(principally in developing countries), mosquito bites may
transmit malaria and yellow fever. Our latest concern with mosquitos here in
the United States is the transmission of West Nile virus through mosquito
bites. Other viruses that can be transmitted are those that can cause
encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).

Mosquitoes actually find you by detecting the carbon dioxide that you breathe
out when you exhale. They can "smell" a human from more than 90 feet away,
making you a sure target as long as you're breathing outdoors (which is pretty
hard to avoid doing!). In fact, the reason some people get bit more than others
has to do with the amount of odors that come from their bodies.
If you live in an area of the country where there is a lot of rainfall during the
warm-weather months, chances are you will be getting more than a few bites
this summer. Take it from me, female mosquitoes just love to lay their eggs in
puddles, swamps or even water that collects in the sand bucket that you left
outside after your recent trip to the beach!

Some tips on avoiding mosquitoes:

Use insect repellant that contains DEET, but so not allow children
to put it on themselves. An adult should apply the insect repellant.
While insect repellants with DEET are the best type for avoiding
mosquitoes and other biting insects, ticks and chiggers, etc., look
for repellants designed especially for kids. Make sure to read and
follow the directions.

If camping or hiking in high-mosquito zones, make sure to wear

lightweight long pants, socks and long-sleeve shirts. You might
sweat a bit, but it beats having your body covered with itchy
welts!

Identify and eliminate places they'll be attracted to, such as empty

plant pots, buckets or even in a tire swing, where water collects
and provides the perfect breeding place for these insects.

Try to avoid being outside at dawn, when the sun first comes up,
and at dusk, when the sun is setting. This is when mosquitoes like
to feed the most, so you don't want to make for an easy appetizer!

Light citronella candles during outdoor barbecues.

Avoid wearing the color blue, which is said by some experts to

attract mosquitoes.

Hold your breath so you do not breathe out carbon dioxide (only
kidding - just wanted to see if you were paying attention!)

Another suggestion I received from a friend of mine via email is

this:
Pass this on to anyone who likes sitting out in the evening
or when they are having a cook out. So you do not like
those pesky mosquitoes, especially now that they have the
potential to carry the West Nile Virus? Here's a tip that was

given at a recent gardening forum. Put some water in a

white dinner plate and add a couple drops of Lemon Fresh
Joy dish detergent. Set the dish on your porch, patio, or
other outdoor area. Not sure what attracts them, the lemon
smell, the white plate color, or what, but mosquitoes flock
to it, and drop dead shortly after drinking the Lemon Fresh
Joy/water mixture, and usually within about 10 feet of the
plate. Check this out --- it works just super! May seem
trivial, but it may help control mosquitoes around your
home, especially in the South and elsewhere where the
West Nile virus is reaching epidemic proportions in
mosquitoes, birds, and humans.

TICKS
Ticks are small spider-like insects (arachnids) that bite to fasten
themselves onto the skin and feed on blood. Ticks live in the fur
and feathers of many birds and animals. Tick bites occur most
often during early spring to late summer and in areas where
there are many wild animals and birds.
Most ticks do not carry diseases, and most tick bites do not cause serious
health problems. However, it is important to remove a tick as soon as you
discover one. Removing the body of the tick helps you avoid diseases the tick
may pass on during feeding; removing the head helps prevent a skin infection
at the site of the bite.
Usually, removing the tick, washing the site of the
bite, and watching for signs of illness are all that is
needed. When you have a tick bite, it is important to
determine whether you need a tetanus shot to prevent
lockjaw.
Some people may have an allergic reaction to a tick
bite. This reaction may be mild, with a few annoying
symptoms. In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis) may occur. Skin infection may occur
with a bite. When an area is becoming infected, pain,
swelling, and redness usually increase as the
infection spreads. Other signs of an infection include
fever, red streaks extending from the wound, and pus that drains from the
wound.
Many of the diseases ticks carry cause flu-like symptoms in people.

Sometimes a rash or crater-like sore (ulcer) appears along with the flu-like
symptoms. Common tick borne diseases include:

Lyme Disease. Symptoms usually start 1 to 4 weeks after the tick

bite, with up to 90 percent of people developing an expanding,
circular red skin rash (called erythema migrans, or EM, rash). See
Lyme Disease for more information.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Symptoms usually start 3 to 12

days (average 7 days) after the tick bite.

Tularemia. Symptoms usually start within 21 days (average 1 to 10

days) after the tick bite or other exposure.

Ehrlichiosis. Symptoms usually start from 1 to 21 days (average

of 7 days) after the tick bite.

Relapsing Fever. Symptoms usually start 3 to 11 days (average of

6 days) after the tick bite.

Colorado Tick Fever. Symptoms usually start within 14 days

(average of 3 to 6 days) of the tick bite.

Babesiosis. Symptoms usually start 1 to 6 weeks after the tick

bite.

Tick paralysis is a rare problem that may occur after a tick bite. In some parts
of the world, tick bites may cause other tick borne diseases, such as South
African tick-bite fever. The inability to move a part of your body (paralysis) as a
result of a tick bite is a rare problem. Tick paralysis can be caused by several
different types of ticks in North America. The symptoms of tick paralysis are
caused by the venom secreted from the female tick during feeding. Symptoms
usually start 4 to 7 days after a tick attaches to your body. Symptoms of tick
paralysis include:

Restlessness and irritability.

Tingling (paresthesia), numbness, or loss of feeling that starts in

the hands or feet.
Paralysis that starts in the hands or feet.

Most cases occur in children. When these symptoms develop, contact your
health professional immediately to arrange for care. Removing the tick may be
all that is needed to stop the release of the venom and control the symptoms.
There are several things you can do to protect yourself from the diseases ticks
may carry. The sooner ticks are removed, the less likely they are to spread
disease.
TO PREVENT TICK BITES
Apply an insect repellant following the label directions. Use insect repellants
according to directions, particularly when applying repellant to children. Apply
repellants safely. Some insect repellants can only be safely applied to clothing
rather than skin.
Use a lower-concentration repellant on children or if you are pregnant.
Do not put repellant on small children's hands, since they often put their
hands in their mouths.
Wash the insect repellant off with soap and water after returning indoors.
Cover as much of your skin as possible when working or playing in grassy
or wooded areas. Wear a hat, a long-sleeved shirt, and long pants with the legs
tucked into your socks. Keep in mind that it is easier to spot ticks on lightcolored clothes.
Wear gloves when you handle animals or work in the woods.
Stay away from tick-infested areas.
To make sure you have not picked up any ticks after being outdoors, inspect
your body carefully including the scalp of your hair. If you have children that
have been outdoors that may have been exposed to ticks, they should be
unclothed and checked over carefully for ticks before hitting the shower to
wash off repellant. This was one rule my family had after going camping and
returning home - A tick search. Don't panic if you find one, remove as
instructed below.
TICK REMOVAL
1. Use fine-tipped tweezers to remove a tick. If tweezers are not available, use
your fingers after covering them with gloves or tissue paper. Do not handle the
tick with bare hands.
2. Grasp the tick as close to its mouth (the part that is stuck in your skin) as

you can. The body of the tick will be above your skin.
3. Do not grasp the tick around its bloated abdomen. You might push infected
fluid from the tick into your body if you squeeze it.
4. Pull the tick straight out until its mouth lets go of your skin. Do not twist or
"unscrew" the tick. This may separate the head from the body.
5. Do not try to smother a tick that is attached to your skin with petroleum jelly,
nail polish, gasoline, or rubbing alcohol. This may increase your risk of
infection.
6. Do not try to burn the tick while it is attached to your skin.
7. Save the tick in a jar filled with rubbing alcohol for later identification.
8. Wash the area of the tick bite with large amounts of warm water and soap. A
mild dishwashing soap, such as Ivory, works well.
9. Use of an antibiotic ointment has not been shown to affect healing. If you
choose to use an antibiotic ointment, such as polymyxin B sulfate (for
example, Polysporin) or bacitracin, apply the ointment lightly to the wound.
The ointment will keep the cut from sticking to the bandage. If a skin rash or
itching under the bandage develops, stop using the ointment. The rash may
mean an allergic reaction to the ointment has developed.
10. After the tick is removed, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and
water.
11. Check regularly for ticks when you are in areas where there may be ticks.
Carefully examine your skin and scalp when you return home. Check your
pets, too.
Another way to remove a tick as offered by a pediatrician is to apply a glob of
liquid soap to a cotton ball. Cover the tick with the soap-soaked cotton ball
and swab it for a few seconds (15-20), the tick will come out on it's own and be
stuck to the cotton ball when you lift it away.
Home Treatment To Help Relieve Pain and Itching:

Apply an ice pack to your bite for 15 to 20 minutes once an hour

for the first 6 hours. When you are not using ice, keep a cool, wet
cloth on the bite for up to 6 hours.

Try a non-prescription medicine for the relief of itching, redness,

and swelling. Be sure to follow the non-prescription medication
precautions.

An antihistamine medication, such as Benadryl or Chlor-Trimeton,

may help relieve itching, redness, and swelling. Do not give
antihistamines to children under age 1 unless your health care
provider has told you to give them this medication.

A spray of local anesthetic containing benzocaine, such as

Solarcaine, may help relieve pain. If your skin reacts to the spray,
stop using it.

Calamine lotion applied to the skin may help relieve itching.

After the first 6 hours, if there is no swelling, try putting a warm

washcloth on the bite for comfort.

Try a non-prescription medication to help relieve your pain.

o Acetaminophen, such as Tylenol or Panadol
o Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
Ibuprofen, such as Advil or Motrin.
Naproxen, such as Aleve or Naprosyn.
Ketoprofen, such as Actron or Orudis.
o Aspirin (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
Be sure to follow these non-prescription medication precautions.
Carefully read and follow all labels on the medication bottle and
box.
Use, but do not exceed, the maximum recommended doses.
Do not take a medication if you have had an allergic reaction to it
in the past.
If you have been told to avoid a medication, call your health
professional before taking it.
If you are or could be pregnant, call your health professional
before using any medication.
Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 20 unless directed to do
so by your health professional.

Symptoms to Watch For During Home Treatment:

Check and evaluate your symptoms if any of the following occur during home
treatment.

New or different symptoms develop.

An expanding red rash develops.
Flu-like symptoms develop.
A rash or crater-like sore (ulcer) develops.
Signs of a skin infection develop.
Symptoms become more severe or more frequent.

SCABIES
Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites that burrow into the
outer layers of the skin. The scabies mites are spread through close contact
with an infested person, such as by touching or by sleeping in the same bed.
Scabies can be spread during the entire time a person is infested, even before
symptoms, such as itching and skin sores, appear. Symptoms appear 4 to 6
weeks after a person has been infested for the first time. If a person becomes
re-infested, the symptoms develop within a few days.
Symptoms commonly appear between fingers, in the creases of the elbow or
armpits, around the waistline, on the genitals, around the anus, and
occasionally on the neck, palms of the hands, or soles of the feet. In children,
scabies may be seen on the face or scalp; this is rare in adults.
Symptoms may include:

Severe itching that is usually worse at night.

Tiny blisters or sores in a line or curved track.
Scabies will not go away on its own, and delaying treatment
increases the risk that the mites will spread to other people.
Prescription creams or lotions are needed to cure a scabies
infestation. Bedding, towels and clothes that have been in contact
with the infected person need to be washed.

If you suspect you may have scabies, contact a health professional for
treatment advice. See Scabies for more information.

LICE
Lice are tiny wingless insects that feed on human blood every 3 to 6 hours.
Lice inject their own saliva when they bite, which often causes an allergic
reaction in the human host. The allergic reaction makes the bites itch.

 Head Lice: Head lice are 3 mm (0.12 inch) to 4 mm (0.16 inch) long. Head lice
lay their eggs (nits) on head hair. The eggs are tightly attached to hairs by a
glue-like substance made by female lice. The eggs hatch in about 6 to 10 days
and require another 7 to 13 days before they mature into adult, egg-laying lice.
The nits of head lice may live for up to 2 weeks attached to hairs that have
fallen from a person's head. The most common symptom is itching, especially
on the scalp, which may develop weeks or even months after lice infest the
person.
Head lice may be spread through close personal contact, shared personal
items (combs, brushes, hats, helmets, clothing, or earphones), or shared
bedding.
Lice cannot survive long without human body contact because they must feed
on blood to live. Head lice can live for 1 to 3 days without body contact.
Pubic Lice ("Crabs"): Pubic lice are about 1 mm (0.039 inch) to 2 mm (0.08
inch) in size. Pubic lice lay their eggs pubic hair but also may lay eggs in the
area around the anus, armpits, body and facial hair, and eyelashes. The most
common symptom of pubic lice is itching of the affected areas.
Pubic lice are spread mainly through sexual contact and are very contagious
(most people become infected after a single exposure to another infected
person). However, the lice and eggs may survive long enough on personal
items such as clothing or towels to be spread to another person. Up to onethird of people who have pubic lice also have some other sexually transmitted
disease.
Lice cannot survive long without human body contact because they must feed
on blood to live. Pubic lice can live about 2 days without body contact. Pubic
lice eggs may also survive on clothing and towels for up to 10 days.

 Body Lice: Body lice are 3 mm (0.12 inch) to 4 mm (0.16 inch) long. The lice
and eggs are generally not seen on the skin but may be found in the seams of
the person's clothing. Intense itching, especially at night, is the main symptom
of body lice. Itchy sores from body lice occur in body areas such as the
armpits, waist, and trunk where seams of clothes press against the skin.
Body lice are most often spread by contact with personal items, especially
clothing and hats. They occasionally may be spread by direct personal
contact.
Lice cannot survive long without human body contact because they must feed
on blood to live. Body lice, which live in clothing, not on the body itself, can
live without human blood for 7 to 10 days.
Under certain conditions, such as may occur during natural disasters or war,
body lice may transmit life-threatening diseases such as typhus, relapsing
fever, and trench fever.
Most lice infestations do not cause long-term health problems, but they can
cause severe itching and discomfort and may be embarrassing to some
people. Body lice may transmit other diseases.
See Lice and Lice Description for more information.

SPIDER BITE
Brown Recluse Spider: Brown recluse, or fiddle (Loxosceles), spiders are
found most often in the south central part of the United States and live in hot,
dry, abandoned areas, such as wood or rock piles. They are about 0.5 inch (1.3
cm) long with a dark violin-shaped mark on the combined head and midsection
(cephalothorax).
Symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite include:

Reddened skin followed by a blister that forms at the bite site.

Mild to intense pain and itching for 2 to 8 hours following the bite.
An open sore with a breakdown of tissue (necrosis) that develops
within a few hours to 3 to 4 days following the bite. This may take
months to heal.

Other symptoms may begin 1 to 2 days after a bite and include:

Fever and chills.

Nausea or vomiting.
Lightheadedness.

Skin rash all over the body with many tiny, flat purple and red
spots.
Muscle or joint pain.

Your health professional can treat your bite to help prevent serious problems.
Female Black Widow Spider: The female black widow is easily recognized by
her shiny black body and red hourglass marking underneath her round
abdomen. Although black widows can be found in nearly every state they are
most common in the southern areas of the United States. The black widow
makes her home in wood piles, under eaves, and other undisturbed places.
Symptoms include:

Pain radiating from the site of the bite.

Nausea.
Overall aching of the body.
Profuse sweating.
Labored breathing.

The bite of a black widow can be serious and may require medical attention.

BED BUG BITE

Bed bugs do not carry disease, but their bites can leave a colorless welt along
with an itching or burning sensation.

KISSING BUG
The kissing bug can carry relapsing fever and Chagas' disease (American
trypanosomiasis).

MITES
Mites are carriers (vectors) of many important diseases including typhus
(scrub and murine) and rickettsialpox.

FLEAS
Different types of fleas prefer specific animals as hosts, but will infest humans
if their specific hosts are unavailable. Fleas can carry plague (the Black Death)
and murine typhus. They are also thought to be vectors in several other
diseases.

CHIGGERS
Chigger, also called jigger, is the common name of two kinds of
pests that attack human beings. One is the chigoe flea, and the
other is the larva of a harvest mite. Only the latter lives in the
United States.
The larva of the harvest mite is a tiny red creature with a body
divided into two parts. It creeps into skin pores and hair follicles to inject
saliva and to feed, and causes a rash and itching. The female chigoe digs into
the flesh, causing a sore.
The harvest mite is merely a nuisance in North America and Europe. But in
Oriental countries and many Pacific islands, it is a serious danger because it
carries scrub fever, a disease also known as Japanese river fever or
tsutsugamushi. The parasitic larvae of the harvest mite usually get the disease
from infected rodents. The mite keeps the disease during its nymphal and
adult stages, and gives it to the larvae of the next generation. The larvae in
turn pass it on to human beings. Harvest mites are common in the Middle West
and the South.
The chigoe flea belongs to the jigger and sticktight family, Tungidae. Its
scientific name is Tunga penetrans. Harvest mites (North American chiggers)
make up the family Trombidiidae. They are Trombicula alfreddugesi.

FLIES
Flies are thought to carry disease by transporting infectious agents on their
feet. They may spread polio, hepatitis A, Entameba histalytica, typhoid, and
other diseases. Biting flies attack humans to obtain a blood meal and can be
very annoying. Some biting flies are also capable of transmitting disease.
Biting flies of importance are sand flies, black flies, stable flies, horse flies and
deer flies.

 Sand Flies: Often called "punkies," "no-see'ums," or biting midges, the sand
flies are vicious where they occur. They are often more troublesome than
mosquitoes because they can easily enter dwellings through ordinary 16-mesh
window screen. The presence of these insects can decrease property values
and severely hamper use of recreational areas. Vacationers and campers
literally have been driven away from areas by these tiny biters. Sand flies can
also cause loss to cattlemen in terms of annoyance to cattle and transmission
of various nematode diseases.
Sand flies are members of the insect order Diptera and undergo a complete
development with egg, larva, pupa, and adult forms. The adults are less than
1/16 inch long, dark gray to black in color and have one pair of wings which
are spotted. The sand flies breed predominantly in salt marshes; however,
some species that are found inland breed in fresh water areas and tree holes.
Larvae of sand flies are found in mud, sand, and debris around the edges of
ponds, springs, lakes, creeks, and in tree holes or on slime-covered bark. In
the water they are free swimmers and are commonly found on floating twigs or
leaf trash. The larvae pupate on floating debris or at the water's edge. The
adult females, like mosquitoes, require blood to mature the eggs. Males do not
bite. Sand fly larvae can be found in marshes the year-round; however, the
period of greatest adult activity is June to August.
Sand fly activity is associated with air movement. Adults of most species
seldom bite when there is air movement. Sand flies are also sensitive to
temperature. Animals having a high body temperature are attractive to great
numbers of female sand flies. Persons performing hard labor out-of-doors
frequently are severely annoyed by these insects.
Black Flies: Black flies (Simuliidae) are
small, dark, stout-bodied flies with a
humpbacked appearance. The adult
females suck blood mainly during daylight
hours and are not host specific. The black
fly is a potential disease in some states. It
hovers about the eyes, ears, and nostrils
of man and animals, often alighting and
puncturing the skin with an irritating bite. Black flies are not considered to be
major pests of homeowners.
The black fly life cycle begins with eggs being deposited on logs, rocks, or
solid surfaces in swiftly flowing streams. Larvae attach themselves to rocks or
vegetation with a posterior sucker. The length of the larval period is quite
variable depending on the species and the larval environment. The adults
which emerge after pupation are strong fliers and may fly 7 to 10 miles from
their breeding sites.

 Stable Fly; The stable fly, also known as the dog fly or biting house fly, is a
blood-sucking fly which closely resembles the house fly. It is similar to the
house fly in size and color, but may be recognized by its sharp, piercing
mouthparts which project forward from the head. Unlike many flies, both sexes
of the stable fly are vicious biters.
The fly is a common pest of man and animals throughout the world. In some
states, stable flies are a serious pest of man and have been a severe threat to
the tourist industry.
Stable flies are very persistent when searching for a blood meal and may be
easily interrupted in feeding. They may be mechanical vectors of animal
diseases but are not considered effective in spreading human disease.
Stable flies breed in soggy hay, grain or feed, piles of moist fermenting weed
or grass clippings, seaweed deposits along beaches, and manure. When
depositing eggs, the female will often crawl into loose material, placing the
eggs in little inner pockets. Each female may lay a total of 500 to 600 eggs in
four separate layings. The eggs will hatch in 2 or 5 days, and the newly
hatched larvae bury themselves, begin to feed, and mature in 14 to 26 days.
While the average life cycle is 28 days, this period will vary from 22 to 58 days,
depending on weather conditions. The adults are strong fliers and range many
miles from the breeding sites.
Horse Fly & Deer Fly: Horse flies and deer flies are
closely related insects with similar life cycles. Both
horse and deer flies are strong fliers and only the
female bites. They are daytime feeders and can
easily cut the skin open for a blood meal. While
feeding an anti-coagulant is injected into the wound
and causes the blood to flow freely. Many people
are allergic to horse fly and deer fly bites. Also,
wounds are excellent sites for secondary infection. Since they are intermittent
feeders, horse and deer flies are important transmitters of animal diseases.
Most species of horse and deer flies are aquatic or
semi-aquatic in the immature stages. Some will also
develop in moist earth, leaf mold, or rotting logs.
Generally the eggs are deposited in layers on
vegetation, objects over water, or moist areas
favorable for larval development. The eggs hatch in
five to seven days and the larvae fall to the water
surface or moist areas where they begin to feed on
organic matter.
Many species feed on insect larva, crustacea, snails, and earthworms. When
the larvae are ready to pupate, they move into drier earth usually an inch or
two below the soil surface. The pupal stage lasts two to three weeks, after
which the adults emerge. The life cycle varies considerably within the species,

requiring anywhere from 70 days to two years.

Control of Biting Flies: Many of the biting flies, like sand flies, black flies,
horse flies, and deer flies breed in water or in mucky areas near ponds and
swamps. Consequently, it is very difficult for individuals to attempt control of
these biting flies by reducing breeding sites. Contact your local mosquito
control district to see if there are any management programs in your area to
reduce sources of these biting flies. Stable flies breed in decaying grass or
crop clippings, hay residues, and silage. Because they are extremely strong
fliers, the source of the infestation may be located up to several hundred miles
away. Therefore, stable flies usually cannot be controlled by individuals. Many
biting flies are active at certain times. Avoid outdoor activity during these peak
biting times. Horse flies, deer flies, black flies, and stable flies are usually most
active during the day. Sand flies usually are most active around sunrise and
sunset. Most of the biting flies are also most active at certain times of the year.
Deer flies and black flies are most prevalent in early to late spring. Stable flies
are most abundant in late August through October or November. Sand flies are
most abundant during summer months, but may bite at any time during the
year.
If it is necessary to go outdoors into areas where biting flies are prevalent,
wear protective clothing. Long sleeved shirts, long pants will protect arms,
legs, and head from bites. If necessary, apply a repellant labeled for biting fly
protection. DEET products are approved for application to humans or clothing
to repel biting flies and protect from bites. Apply products according to label
directions. Reapply as needed and as recommended on the label. Most
repellants do not work as well for biting flies as they do for mosquitoes;
therefore they have to be reapplied more often. The best biting fly repellant (for
human use) is Sawyer's Broad Spectrum Composite Spray. Broad Spectrum
contains the perfect combination of DEET and R-326 which is effective against
biting flies.
Most biting flies bite in still air. Increasing air movement in porches, patios,
and picnic areas will keep biting flies away but will not usually provide
complete protection. Burning candles, coils, and torches containing citronella
or other biting fly repellant will sometimes help reduce bites. Burning these
items produces a smoke which repels biting insects. Most biting flies will
usually rest on low vegetation until they detect a host. Pruning shrubs,
mowing weedy areas, and opening up the environment for air flow will reduce
numbers of biting flies in an area.
Despite all efforts, biting flies may still be a problem. If biting flies get inside
the house, space sprays can be applied to kill them. Products listed as space
sprays often contain Pyrethrins (0.5%), PBO (4.0%), Permethrin (0.4%),
Tetramethrin (0.2%), and/or Phenothrin (0.2%). Remove all people and pets
from rooms, turn off air handling systems, apply the product according to
label directions, and wait about 10-15 minutes before aerating the room. Keep
room vacant as long as the label recommends.
Crack and crevice treatments can be used to treat areas where biting flies

enter the house. Areas to be treated would include cracks around doors and
windows. Products labeled for crack and crevice treatment are Beta-Cyfluthrin
and Pyrethrins and other ingredients.
Biting flies that usually rest on vegetation or the sides of houses before
entering or before biting people. Numbers of biting flies around houses can be
reduced by applying outdoor barrier treatments to places flies would contact
before biting or entering the house. Products registered for outdoor barrier
treatment are Beta Cyfluthrin, Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Cyfluthrin, Cypermehtrin,
and Deltamethrin. Be sure to apply all products according to label directions
and to locations listed on the label.
See Forest Pests of North America: Biting Flies for photos of some bites from
biting flies.

GNATS & MIDGES

Midges and gnats are common names for a large number of small, non-biting
flies. Many species look like mosquitoes and may form annoying swarms or
clouds in the air but they do not bite. The immature stages develop in water in
pools, containers, ponds, clogged rain gutters, or in some cases, wet soil or
seepage areas. Most feed on living or decaying plant matter and are an
important part of aquatic food chains. Many species can survive in very
stagnant or polluted water.

HELPFUL LINKS ABOUT BITING INSECTS

www.quickcare.org/skin/insect.html
Mosquitoes
AntColony.org: Fire Ants
University of Texas: Imported Fire Ant - FAQ
Texas Imported Fire Ant Research & Management Project
University of Minnesota: Lockley: Imported Fire Ants
Imported Fire Ants on Lawns and Turf
Fire Ant Fact Sheet - Description & Treatment

SYMPTOMS OF SERIOUS INSECT BITE & STING REACTION

If you have the following, evaluate those symptoms first.

Has there been a known bite, sting, or contact with a poisonous

spider, scorpion, or caterpillar?
Have you developed mild difficulty breathing or wheezing
following a bite or sting?
Do you have hives following a bite or sting?
Do you have tiny purple or red spots (petechiae) on your body
following a bite or sting?
Do you have muscle spasms or muscle stiffness following a bite
or sting?
Do you have a blister, painful sore, or purple discoloration at the
site of a bite or sting?
Do you have new swelling?
Have 2 or more flu-like symptoms developed within 3 weeks of a
bite or sting?
Have you had multiple bites or stings, other than from
mosquitoes?
Have you developed signs of a skin infection at the site of a bite
or sting?
Do you need a tetanus shot?

An allergic reaction or "anaphylaxis" to an insect sting or bite can occur

immediately, within minutes, or even hours after the sting (although never
more than 24 hrs.).

Hives.
Itchiness.
Swelling in the joints or other areas other than the sting site.
Vascular swelling.
Difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, respiratory distress.
Dizziness or a sharp drop in blood pressure.
Shock (circulatory collapse).
Nausea.
Cramps or diarrhea.
Unconsciousness.
Cardiac arrest.
Death within minutes.

Signs that a dangerous reaction is developing include:

Confusion.
Difficulty swallowing.
Hoarseness or swelling of the tongue.
Labored breathing.
Severe swelling.
Weakness.
A feeling of impending disaster.
A more severe reaction results in closing of the airway and/or
shock, producing unconsciousness.

Some biting insects, such as mosquitos, can cause allergic skin reactions that
appear as scaly and itchy eczema.

TREATMENT
CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL TREATMENT
While mosquitoes and other insect bites are often hard to avoid, relieving the
itching from their bites is pretty simple for most people. Applying an anti-itch
medication, such as Lanacane, will act on the itch nerves to stop the itch
sensation to the brain and reduce the chance of getting caught up in the
itch/scratch/itch cycle, which is very common with mosquito and other insect
bites - you itch, you scratch and it only makes you itch more! And, if you
scratch too much, germs can get into your skin and cause an infection.

MEDICATIONS FOR ALLERGIC REACTION

An allergic reaction is treated with epinephrine (adrenaline). Several selfinjectable devices are available by prescription including Epi-Pen, ANA-Kit,
and others. These devices are filled with the epinephrine to be injected in to
the subcutaneous tissue or muscle, preferably into the front of the thigh.
These self-injected devices usually contain only one dose and, on occasion,
more than one dose is needed. Venom extractors are commercially available,
but they have not been demonstrated to have any benefit.
If a serious sting occurs medical attention can be necessary, even if
epinephrine is used and all seems stable! The allergic reaction can
subsequently progress and become more serious after epinephrine has worn
off. Sometimes epinephrine is not enough and intravenous fluids or other
treatment is needed. If you are known to be seriously allergic to insects you
must remember to carry the epinephrine at all times especially when out of
reach of medical care (such as in the woods or even on an airplane). If
epinephrine is not available when you are stung, contact a doctor as soon as
possible. In addition to epinephrine, an oral dose of antihistamine (like
Benadryl) can reduce the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Antihistamines
take effect in about one hour. Ultimately, however, it is crucial to first avoid the
sting, so such treatment isn't necessary!

HOLISTIC HOME TREATMENT & NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS

You can lessen your chances of an insect sting or bite by taking certain
precautionary measures. Yellow jackets will nest in the ground and in walls.
Hornets and wasps will nest in bushes, trees and on buildings. Many biting
insects also lurk on plants waiting for a host to pass near to them or in animal
or human hair. Use extreme caution when working or playing in these areas
and never walk barefoot in the lawn. Avoid insect attractants such as open
garbage cans and exposed food at picnics. Avoid using personal care items or
clothing of individuals infested with parasitic insects. Also, try to reduce the
amount of exposed skin when outdoors.
For ant, mosquito, or chigger (mite) bites, wash the area thoroughly with
soap and water. For chigger bites, use a brush and scrub. Then apply a paste
made of baking soda and water. Use cloth-wrapped ice packs if swelling
occurs and, if bitten on an arm or leg, elevate the affected limb to decrease
swelling.
For tick bites, remove the tick as quickly as possible. The sooner the tick is
removed, the less chance there is of contracting any disease the tick may be
carrying. Using tweezers, grasp the head of the tick firmly, as close to the skin
as possible, and pull straight back with the tweezers. Try not to leave the head
or any other part of the tick embedded in the skin. Do not touch the tick with
your hands. Once it has been removed, scrub the bite with soap and water. Do
not try to burn the tick out, or use home remedies like kerosene, turpentine, or
petroleum jelly.
To avoid mosquito bites, eat brown rice, brewer's yeast, wheat germ,
blackstrap molasses, or fish before spending time outside. These foods are
rich in vitamin B-1 (thiamine). Mosquitos are attracted to carbon dioxide,
estrogens, moisture, sweat, and warmth. They appear to be repelled by B
vitamins, especially thiamine, which are excreted through the skin. As an
alternative, take thiamine supplements.
Make a paste using a Charcoal capsule and a few drops of Goldenseal
extract and place it on a piece of gauze. Apply the gauze to the bite and cover
it with a bandage. This will draw out the poisons and aid in fast relief. Do this
immediately after being bitten, if possible. Use charcoal only recommended for
internal use.
Herbal Remedies: Goldenseal Root Tincture (Hydrastis Canadensis), 100%
Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Mountain Rose Herbs: Goldenseal Extract, Wild Harvested From Fresh Root, 1
oz or 4 oz
Herbal Remedies: Activated Charcoal Supplement, Nature's Way, 260 mg, 100
Caps

 Apply calamine lotion to help relieve itching.

To avoid many insect bites, try taking a chlorine bleach bath before going
out. Add 1 cup of bleach per tub of water. Insects dislike the smell. Swimming
in a pool treated with chlorine also works. Rubbing brewer's yeast or garlic on
the skin may deter insects as well.
Take a dose of Apis Mellifica, a homeopathic remedy, promptly after a bite. It
works quickly and helps to prevent severe swelling.

Rub a cut onion on an insect bite to provide a powerful antioxidant

treatment.
Make a paste consisting of a meat tenderizer containing papain (an enzyme)
and water directly on the bite or sting can also ease the pain. Leave on for 30
minutes, then rinse off. Enzymes in the meat tenderizer draw out the poison.

If you have been bitten by a spider you suspect may be a black widow or a
brown recluse, seek medical attention immediately. If possible, take the spider
with you for identification.
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Spider Bite
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Scorpion Sting
Treat jellyfish and sea anemone stings by removing the tentacles with a
cloth or gloves; rinse with seawater, then place vinegar or rubbing alcohol on
the affected area. Remove sea urchin barbs with tweezers or by rubbing with
soap and water. Apply warm compresses to extract the toxins. Coral injuries
are very dangerous and should get immediate medical attention. A product
called Sting-Aid (aluminum sulfate solution) is used by divers to address these
injuries. Remove coral fragments with tweezers, rinse with seawater, then
finally wash with soap and water and apply topical antiseptic when on shore.
Keep the affected limb stationary if possible.
Gnaraloo Sting-Aid
Knight Industries, Inc.
P. O. Box 50387
Pompano Beach, FL 33074
PH: 305 942-8780
FAX: 305 946-0486

 Avoid walking barefoot outside.

Avoid all refined sugar, which causes the skin to give off a sweet smell that
attracts mosquitos.
Avoid alcoholic drinks. Alcohol causes the skin to flush and the blood
vessels to dilate, which attracts mosquitos and horseflies.
Avoid using perfume, hair spray, and other cosmetics. These attract insects.
Avoid wearing bright colors - wear white clothing. Also, wear clothing that
covers your arms and legs (although mosquitos can bite through cotton
clothing).
Apply citrus juice to exposed areas to repel mosquitos.

CONSIDERATIONS
Diethyl toluamide (DEET) works well to repel chiggers, ticks, and mosquitos.
It is probably the most effective insect repellant known, but it is also
potentially quite toxic, and it can destroy substances such as plastics and
synthetic fabrics, so it must be used with care and only in accordance with
package directions. Never apply a product that has more than 35 percent DEET
to the skin. Children are especially at risk for problems due to this potentially
hazardous chemical, so their skin exposure should be strictly limited. To be
safe, apply DEET to clothing and use it sparingly, if at all, on the skin.
If you spend much time outdoors, you may want to purchase a vacuum
pump for removing insect venom. A venom extractor called the Lil Sucker is
available from International Reforestation Suppliers. It is small enough to fit
inside a pocket or purse. If you get stung, it produces a vacuum that sucks the
venom out within two minutes. The end of the extractor can also be used to
remove a honeybee stinger. For more information about this product, call 800321-1037. Their website is www.terratech.net.
Other venom extractors are available through these suppliers:
Bites & Stings Online: Bites & Stings Treatment - The Extractor Pump
Preparedness.com: Snake & Insect Venom Extractor
Sawyer Venom Extractor

SOME INSECT STING & BITE PRODUCTS FROM AMAZON.COM

For more products, use the search box further down on this page.

HERBS
Pennyroyal oil helps to repel insects. Herbal flea-repellant pet collars
contain oils of Cedar, Citronella, Eucalyptus, Pennyroyal, Rosemary, and Rue.
These herbs may be effective insect repellants for humans as well. Caution:
Do not use Pennyroyal or Rue during pregnancy. Avoid excessive and/or
prolonged use. Always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil before applying to
the skin.

Citronella candles are good for repelling mosquitoes.

Herbal Remedies: Citronella Products

Goldenseal and Tea Tree Oil are natural insecticides and help to keep
insects at bay. Tea tree oil can be rubbed on exposed areas of the skin to deter
insects. It can also be applied to bites. If pure tea tree oil is too strong, dilute it
with canola oil or another low-fragrance vegetable oil until a tolerable strength
is achieved.
Herbal Remedies: Tea Tree Essential Oil, 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 1 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Goldenseal Products
Calendula is an excellent insect repellent and counter-irritant. You can also
try Cedar, Eucalyptus, and/or Tea Tree Oil. It is available as a topical cream,
oil, spray or lotion to apply to skin irritations.
Mountain Rose Herbs: Injur Heal Balm, Mountain Rose, 1 oz.
A loving companion for athletes, outdoor enthusiasts, and those who take part
in strenuous activities. Wonderful to use on bruises, sore muscles, and
general aches and pains. This balm is based on our popular & effective Injur
Heal Oil. Use immediately after arduous exercise, exertion or injury to prevent,
relieve and reduce swelling, bruises and pain. Do not use on open wounds.
Contains: Organic Arnica Flowers, St. John's Wort flowers, organic Calendula
flowers, organic Olive oil, Beeswax, Lavender essential oil, and Vitamin E oil.
Packaged in a 1 oz tin.
Herbal Remedies: Calendula Products

MoonDragon's Health Therapy: Herbal Ointments - Calendula Ointment

Recipes
Apple Cider Vinegar diluted with water in a one-to-one ratio reduces skin
irritations resulting from insect bites.
Herbal Remedies: Organic Apple Cider Vinegar (Mother), Dynamic Health, 16 fl.
oz.
Poultices made with Lobelia and Charcoal are helpful for insect bites. See
Using A Poultice for more information.
Herbal Remedies: Lobelia Extract Tincture, Herbal Remedies USA, 2 fl. oz.

NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

The following nutrients are important for healing once appropriate local
treatment has been administered. Unless otherwise specified, the following
recommended doses are for those over the age of 18. For a child between 12
and 17 years old, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended amount. For a child
between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child
under 6, use 1/4 the recommended amount.

NUTRIENTS
Suggested
Dosage

Comments

400-500 mg 3
times daily.

Reduces inflammation, swelling,

and pain.
Bromelain 2000 GDU Supplement,
NOW Foods, 500 mg, 90 Tabs

Plus
Curcumin

As directed on
label.

Has anti-inflammatory properties.

Curcumin, NOW Foods, 665 mg,
60 VCaps,
Turmeric Extract (Curcuma
Longa), Standardized to 95%
Curcuminoids, Nature's Way, 500
mg, 120 Tabs

Grape Seed
Extract

75 mg daily.

An effective anti-inflammatory
and powerful antioxidant.

Supplement
Essential

Bromelain

Grape Seed (Grapeseed) (Vitus

Vinifera) Oil, 100% Pure, NOW
Foods, 16 fl. oz.,
Grape Seed Extract, 350 mg, 90
Caps,
Grape Seed Extract,
Standardized, Nature's Way, 100
mg, 30 Caps,

Quercetin
(Quercetin-C)

Vitamin C With
Bioflavonoids

A unique bioflavonoid that

reduces allergic reactions.
Increases immunity and
decreases reactions to certain
foods, pollens, and other
500 mg twice daily
allergens.
or as directed on
Quercetin, NOW Foods, 500 mg,
label.
100 Vcaps,
Quercetin W/Bromelain,
Hypoallergenic Bioflavonoid,
NOW Foods, 800 mg, 120 Vcaps

5,000-20,000 mg
daily, in divided
doses. See
Ascorbic Acid
Flush.

Essential to the healing process

and in reducing inflammation.
Acts as an anti-inflammatory and
helps fight the toxicity of insect
venom. For a child, use buffered
vitamin C or calcium ascorbate.
Vitamin C Liquid w/ Rose Hips &
Bioflavonoids, Kosher, Natural
Citrus Flavor, Dynamic Health,
1000 mg, 16 fl. oz.,
Ester C With Bioflavonoids,
Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 90 Tabs,
Vitamin C 1000 With
Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way,
100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250
VCaps,
The Right C, Nature's Way, 1000
mg, 120 Tabs

Helpful
Aller Bee-Gone
As directed on
From CC
label.
Pollen

A combination of herbs,
enzymes, and nutrients designed
to fight acute allergy attacks and
symptoms.

Or
2 tablets twice
Inflazyme Forte daily. Take

To aid in proper breakdown of

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

(American
Biologics)

between meals.
Also available in
powder form.

for better absorption of nutrients.

Aids in controlling inflammation.

INSECT BITE & STINGS SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS

Information, supplements and products for insect bites and stings.
Bach Rescue Remedy Flower Essence Cream, 50 g
Bach Rescue Remedy Cream Flower Essence Cream base that can be used for
any stress or trauma to your skin. Safe and natural. A great addition to your
herbal first aid kit.
Bentonite Clay, Pascalite, 100 Caps
Pascalite is a form of calcium bentonite containing at least twenty elements
including iron, magnesium, and silicon, better than sodium bentonite. Uses as
skin cleanser, conditioner, internally for heartburn, ulcers and for a natural
mineral dietary supplement.
Bromelain 2000 GDU Supplement, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 90 Tabs
NOW Foods Bromelain 2000 GDU, Bromelain Supplement, is a proteolytic
digestive enzyme that can enhance absorption of protein.
Bug Ban Natural Insect Repellant, NOW Foods, 4 oz.
Don't let a swarm of hungry mosquitoes ruin an evening of summer fun. NOW
Bug Ban is an all natural insect repellent that helps prevent insect bites
without the harsh chemicals found in many of today's popular, commercial
formulas.
Burt's Bees Bug Bite Relief, 0.25 oz.
When nature bites, fight back with this all-natural Burt's Bees Bug Bite Relief.
Burt's Bees Herbal Insect Repellent, 4 oz. Spray
Burt's Bees Herbal Insect Repellent is safe enough to apply with confidence to
adults, children and pets for long lasting natural protection against biting
insects.
Burt's Bees Natural Remedy Kit, All Natural
Burt's Bees Natural Remedy Kit is perfect for relieving the discomfort of minor
skin irritations, burns, bruises, stings and scrapes. Included is Poison Ivy
Soap, lip balm, hand salve, comfrey ointment, gardener's soap, natural

peppermint breath drops and lemongrass insect repellant. Burt's Bees Natural
Remedy Kit is a wonderful camping-size, briefcase size, suitcase size, glovebox size, or picnic basket size take-a-long kit for campers, farmers, athletes,
gardeners, or just those with a love of the great outdoors, wind, rain, bugs,
dirt, plants, animals, or whatever else makes you sting, itch or chap. This is a
mini must have herbal first aid kit! These is also a great little unique gift idea.
Calendula Cream, Nelson's Bach, Organic, 30 g / 1 oz.
Nelson's Bach Calendula cream is a soothing multi-purpose skin cream,
especially prepared from the Calendula which offers soothing relief for rough,
dry, irritated or chapped skin. Helps to restore healthy skin texture. Made with
organically grown Calendula officinalis which provides relief for burns, and is
gentle enough for rashes and chafing on babies sensitive skin. Directions:
Check that the tube seal is not broken before first use. Pierce tube seal with
point in tip of cap before first use. Apply the cream to the affected area & rub
in lightly. Warnings: For external use only.
Citronella Essential Oil, NOW Foods, 1 fl. oz.
Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus) is an excellent topical oil that can be
applied directly onto the skin to protect against insect bites.
Colloidal Silver Lotion, SilvaSolution, Homeopathic, 4 fl. oz.
Effective for minor skin irritations, rashes hives, insect bites, sores, burns,
inflammation, skin swelling and dry, itchy, cracked skin.
Comfrey Leaf Powder, 4 oz. Bulk
One of the most well-known healing plants, especially for its ability to heal
tissue and bone.
Comfrey Leaf Ointment, Nature's Way, 2 oz.
Comfrey Leaf Ointment is a 100% all natural, mild scented herbal ointment.
Cyani (Centaurea Cyanus) Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Considered by the Plains Indians as an antidote for snake bites, insect bites
and stings. Beneficial for nervous disorders, infections, eye disorders, and
mouth sores/ulcers.
Flax Protein / Fiber / Lignan Cold Milled Powder Plus Omega 2, Certified
Organic, Nature's Way, 16 oz.
With 6 grams Fiber / 300 mg Lignan / 5 grams Protein (including 18 amino
acids) per serving. Nature's Way EFAGold is one of Nature's richest sources of
protein, fiber & essential fatty acids.
Goldenseal Root Tincture (Hydrastis Canadensis), 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Goldenseal is an antibacterial and antiseptic. Use especially when mucus
turns thick and discolored. Use short term only with other herbs.
Grape Seed Extract, Standardized, Nature's Way, 100 mg, 30 Caps

Nature's Way Standardized Grape Seed Extract are technically and

scientifically advanced herbal product.
Jewelweed Liquid Spray, Poison Ivy Treatment, 4 fl. oz.
Jewelweed is an effective natural Poison Ivy Treatment for poison ivy, poison
oak, okra spines, stinging nettle, and other irritating plants
Lavender Oil, 1 fl. oz.
There are many uses for lavender oil. It calms the nervous system, making it a
sedative. It also reduces stress in the body with its anti-spasmodic qualities.
When the body is relaxed, the mind can also relax. A tea made of lavender can
be consumed as a sedative. Lavender oil can be placed, a drop at a time, on
the temples to relieve headache, or in the bath to relax. Other uses of lavender
oil, mixed with water or other herbal oils, are to relieve joint pain, as an
antiseptic, and to aid digestion. But lavender's most common use is in
reducing stress and headaches.
Mosquito & Insect Shield With Catnip Oil, Nature's Herbal, 100% Natural, 8 fl.
oz. Spray
For long lasting natural protection against mosquitoes, flies and other pests
without the dangers of DEET based repellants. This shield contains 100% pure
Catnip oil (nepetalactone), Pennyroyal oil (known to repel biting insects) &
Pure Vegetable Glycerin for up to 8 hours of protection. Studies show Catnip
oil is 10 times more effective than DEET at repelling mosquitoes.
Neem Protect Natural Flea Spray For Pets, 8 fl. oz.
Ark Naturals Neem Protect Natural Flea Spray provides a safe, effective natural
alternatives to synthetic pesticides for controlling fleas and other blood
sucking insects that infest your pets.
Neem Protect Pet Shampoo, 1 Gallon
Ark Naturals Neem Protect Pet Shampoo provides a safe, effective natural
alternatives to synthetic pesticides for controlling fleas and other blood
sucking insects that infest your pets.
Neem Protect Pet Shampoo, 8 fl. oz.
Ark Naturals Neem Protect Pet Shampoo provides a safe, effective natural
alternatives to synthetic pesticides for controlling fleas and other blood
sucking insects that infest your pets.
Neem Protect Spray, 1/2 Gallon
Ark Naturals Neem Protect Spray provides a safe, effective natural alternatives
to synthetic pesticides for controlling fleas and other blood sucking insects
that infest your pets.
Olbas Oil Blend, 100% Natural, Swiss Made, 25 cc

Olbas Oil Blend is a synergistic combination of six essential oils provides

amazing relief on multiple levels.
Organic Flax Protein / Fiber / Lignan Cold Milled Powder Plus Omega 3,
Certified, Nature's Way, 16 oz.
Nature's Way EFAGold is the highest quality flax seed protein powder, and one
of nature's richest sources of protein, fiber & essential fatty acids.
Pascalite Bentonite Healing Powder, 16 oz.
Pascalite is used in soap and toothpaste, applied as a poultice to insect bites,
sunburns, infections, cold sores, canker sores and acne, and as a suppository
for hemorrhoids. Users found it a potent skin cleanser and conditioner, drank
it for heartburn and ulcers.
Patio Candle, 2.25 Inch Round in Travel Tin, All Natural, 100% Palm Wax
All natural palm wax candle in travel tin with herbal essential oils to repel
bugs.
Pennyroyal Essential Oil (Hedeoma Pulegiodes), NOW Foods, 100% Pure, 1 fl.
oz.
Traditionally used as a natural insect repellent, Pennyroyal Oil is especially
useful for flea control on dogs and cats.
Quercetin With Bromelain, Hypoallergenic Bioflavonoid, NOW Foods, 800 mg,
120 VCaps
This non-citrus Quercetin is non-allergenic, with Bromelain to enhance the
absorption of Quercetin.
Sss Sting Stop Insect Gel, Homeopathic, Boericke & Tafel, 2.75 oz. Topical Gel
Temporary relief of itch, pain, and redness of non-poisonous insect bites and
stings of mosquitos, bees, and wasps. Soothes fever blisters and cold sores.
Directions: For Adults & Children 2 years and older: Apply to affected skin
area. Repeat as needed. Children under 2: Consult your health care provider.
Sting Homeopathic Gel, Organic, 1.06 oz.
Nelson's Sting Gel is a healing and soothing homeopathic remedy for the relief
of insect bites and stings & reduces redness and swelling.
Tea Tree Antiseptic Cream, 4 fl. oz.
This tea tree cream has a soothing and cooling effect on inflamed skin. It can
be used as diaper change lotion.
Tea Tree Antiseptic Cream, Bulk, 1 Gallon
This tea tree cream has a soothing and cooling effect on inflamed skin. It can
be massaged into sore joints for relief from discomfort.
Tea Tree Oil Antiseptic Ointment, 2 oz.

A 100% natural Tea Tree Oil antiseptic ointment that combines a therapeutic
dose of pure tea tree oil with the absorption powers of Australian Eucalyptus
australiana oil and lavender oil. This Tea Tree Oil antiseptic ointment is an
ideal treatment to protect and treat cuts, abrasions, chafing rashes and other
skin irritations. Directions: Apply 2-3 times daily to minor rashes, cuts,
abrasions, sunburn and insect bites. Its natural base of oils and beeswax
repels water to protect the area. Avoid contact with eyes. Discontinue use if
irritation develops. Keep out of reach of children. For external use only.
Tea Tree Oil Antiseptic Solution (15% Water Soluble), 2 fl. oz.
Tea Tree Oil Antiseptic Solution can be used for mixing with water for
douching, athletes foot, facial problems, and bathing. Use Tea Tree Oil
Antiseptic Solution when full strength tea tree oil is not necessary. Directions:
For use a mild natural antiseptic. Apply full strength to cuts, abrasions, insect
bites and stings. May be diluted with 1 to 10 parts water. This product is water
soluble.
Tea Tree Essential Oil, 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 1 fl. oz.
Tea Tree Essential Oil can be used externally as a completely natural
germicide and fungicide. Our Tea Tree Essential Oil can be applied directly to
the site of infection or irritation, such as pimples, boils, cuts, insect bites and
minor burns.
Tea Tree Oil Bulk (Malaleuca Alternifolia), 32 fl. oz.
Bulk Tea Tree Oil can be used for so many things including cuts, burns,
abrasions, insect bites, bee stings, rashes, impetigo, boils, sinus problems,
sore throat, thrush, fingernail and toenail infections.
Tea Tree Oil (Malaleuca Alternifolia), 100% Pure Oil, NOW Foods, 2 fl. oz.
Tea Tree Oil can be used for general first aid uses such as cuts, burns,
abrasions, insect bites, bee stings, rashes, impetigo, boils, sinus problems,
sore throat, thrush, fingernail and toenail infections.
Thayer's Astringent Medicated Superhazel Mentholated With Aloe Vera, 11.5 fl.
oz.
Medicated Superhazel Thayer's Astringent with Aloe Vera is a mentholated
witch hazel providing instant cooling and relief for minor cuts, itches, rashes
and burns.
Vitamin C 1000 With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250
VCaps
Nature's Way Vitamin C with Bioflavonoids provides antioxidant protection for
many of the body's important enzyme systems.
Yerba Santa Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Yerba Santa is one of the best decongestant herbs as it helps to decrease

secretions as well as allay inflammation.

FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF INFLAMMATION SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS:

Herbal Remedies: Insect Bite / Sting Information
Herbal Remedies: Insect Bite / Sting Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Inflammation Information
Herbal Remedies: Inflammation Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Insect Allergy Information
Herbal Remedies: Insect Allergy Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Bee Sting Information
Herbal Remedies: Mosquito Bite Supplements, Information & Products
Herbal Remedies: Spider Bites Supplements, Information & Products

NOTIFY YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...

You have if you have had an allergic reaction, it is important to talk to an
allergist, a health care provider who is a specialist in the diagnosis and
treatment of allergic disease. Based on your past history and certain tests, the
allergist will determine if you are a candidate for immunotherapy treatment.
Although stinging insect allergy is a serious problem, much of the risk and
fear of a reoccurrence can be virtually eliminated with immunotherapy.
In the event of a insect bite or sting with an allergic reaction, use your
epinephrine treatment kit and contact emergency medical care immediately or
as soon as possible for medical evaluation. A severe allergic reaction can be
life threatening in a matter of minutes to hours.
You develop a secondary infection from an insect sting or insect bite or if
you have other symptoms that may be associated with a disease that type of
insect is known to carry (such as Lyme Disease, West Nile Virus, etc.).
You have any unexplained symptoms or unusual reactions after receiving an
insect bite or sting. If you can, try to contain or otherwise save the insect that
bit or stung you to make sure that treatment is appropriately given for that
type of injury.

HELPFUL RELATED LINKS

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Allergies
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Insect Allergy
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Bee Sting
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Insect Bite
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Spider Bite
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Scorpion Sting
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Snake Bite
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Inflammation
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Shock

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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition

 Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements

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Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common
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-- by Phyllis A. Balch
The Complete Guide to Natural Healing

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