ENGLISH PAPER 1

Comprehension .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Visual literacy ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Advertising and Cartoons.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Language ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Figures of speech .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Levels of language............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Subjective and Objective .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Fact and opinion ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Denotation and Connotation ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Sentences .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Phrases and clauses .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Editing ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Comma splice error ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Concord error ................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 1

COMPREHENSION

Take your time

Take as long as 40-45 minutes with the comprehension
Read the questions
Understand what theyre asking

SUMMARY

Follow the instructions

o Point form or number form?
o Paragraph form?
What are they asking you to summarise?
Highlight or underline in the text what youre looking for
o Write it over in your own words
o Try not to quote directly from the text
o Dont use irrelevant information
Write a draft first
Dont abbreviate or use contractions
Make sure you use full sentences, but sentences that are to the point.
Dont repeat anything
Dont put in any irrelevant information.
Dont write more than what they ask you. You will lose marks even for 1 word.
o Indicate the number of words

VISUAL LITERACY
ADVERTISING AND CARTOONS

Read the questions, know what theyre asking

LANGUAGE
FIGURES OF SPEECH

Apostrophe
o Addressing something thats not alive as if it were human
Antithesis
o Compares and contradicts ideas within a sentence
Paradox
o Contradictory sentence which when analysed, seem true
Irony
o Implies the opposite
Satire
o Wit or irony to ridicule weakness
Parody
o Imitation or exaggeration to create humour

Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 2

Litotes
o Negative and an opposite to understate what is intended
Euphemism
o Express an uncomfortable situation in a sensitive way
Innuendo
o Remark which hints at something without saying it directly
Synecdoche
o A part used for a whole (Australia won the cricket)
Metonymy
o Something associated with the object that represents the object (hotel has a nice table)
Malapropism
o Using the wrong word that sound similar to the right word
Spoonerism
o Mixing up initial sounds of spoken words

LEVELS OF LANGUAGE
SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE

Subjective
o Personal and biased
o One-sided point of view
Objective
o Fair and unbiased
o Takes all sides into account

FACT AND OPINION

Fact is a definite statement

Opinion is based on subjective views

DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION

Denotation
o Dictionary meaning of the word
o Literal and obvious
Connotation
o Figurative association surrounding the word

SENTENCES

Simple sentence deals with one idea

Compound sentence two or more finite verbs in a combined sentence
Complex sentence contains clauses

PHRASES AND CLAUSES

Both phrases and clauses are arranged within a sentence and conveys a single idea.
A phrase can never stand alone it is part of a sentence
A clause always contains a finite verb

Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 3

EDITING
COMMA SPLICE ERROR

Using the comma instead of a full stop

o Dont use a comma between clauses

CONCORD ERROR

The subject and the verb must agree with each other
o A group of dogs is attacking
o All of the dogs are attacking
Nouns and pronouns must agree
o Everyone is doing his best

Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 4