2 Marks

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SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.| Basic Civil and Mechanical
Engineering
I year II semester
2 Marks Question and Answers

UNIT-I
POWER PLANT ENGINERING
1. Define the term power.
Power is defined as rate of energy.
P = E/t is in J/s (W)
2. Define the term power plant.
Power plant is a machine that produces and delivers a flow of electric
energy.
3. What are the types of sources of energy?
a. Non- conventional energy source (Renewable energy sources)
b. Conventional energy sources (Non- renewable energy sources)
4. Give classification of power plant.
Non-conventional (Renewable) energy source:
(i)
Thermal power plant
(ii)
Hydro Electric power plant
(iii) Gas Turbine power plant
(iv) Diesel power plant
(v)
Nuclear power plant
Conventional (Non-Renewable) energy sources:
(i)
Solar power plant
(ii)
Tidal power plant
(iii) Wind power plant
(iv) Geo thermal power plant
5. What is meant by Non conventional Energy sources? Give examples
Non-conventional energy sources (Renewable energy source) cannot be
depleted (destroyed) at any cause (or) time period.
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Engineering
I year II semester
6. What do you meant by conventional energy sources? Give some examples.

Conventional energy sources (Non Renewable energy sources) can be
depleted (destroyed) after a certain time period.
7. Differentiate between Non- conventional energy sources and conventional
energy sources.
S.No NON-Conventional energy sources Conventional energy sources
1.
2.
3.
These kinds of energy cannot be

These kinds of energy can be
Depleted
depleted
Power generation can be done from
Naturally available
Minerals.
Maintenance and running cost is
High.
Maintenance and running cost is

low
8. What are all the main four circuit used in steam power plant?
a) Coal and ash circuit
b) Air and flue gas circuit
c) Feed water and steam circuit
d) Cooling water circuit.
9. What is the function of air preheater?
Air from atmosphere which is too supplied to boiler is preheated by the
heat of the flue gases passing to the chimney.
10. What is the function of Economizer?
Economizer is used to pre heat the water before supplied to the boiler by
the flue gases passing to the chimney.

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11. Differentiate between steam (Thermal) and Hydro Electric power plant.
S.No Steam (Thermal) power plant
Hydro Electric power plant
1.
Maintenance and running cost is Maintenance and running cost is

High
low
2.
Working media = coal(steam)
Working media = water
3.
Plant Efficiency is low
Plant efficiency is high
We can run able entire year
Not so, because it is not
12. Give the classification of Hydel plant.

S.No
1.
2.
3.
Category of the Head

High Head
Medium Head
Low Head
Type of turbine
used
More than 100 Pelton wheel
30 to 100
Francis turbine
Less than 30
Francis (or) kaplan
Distance in m
13. What is the function of Surge tank in Hydel power plant?

A surge tank is a small reservoir or tank in which is used to reduce the
water hammer.
Water hammer is nothing but there is sudden rise of pressure in the
penstock due to black flow of water when the load on the turbine is reduced.
14. What is the function of Lubricating system in the engine?
The function of the lubrication system is to reduce the friction of moving
parts and reduce the wear and tear of the engine parts.

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15. Differentiate between Nuclear fission and Nuclear Fusion.
S.No Nuclear fission

Large size particles into two (or)
More particles + large amount of
1.
Energy
Nuclear Fusion
Joining of all small particles + large
Amount of energy in to large size
Particles
2.
Difficult.
Easily done
16. What kinds of materials used in control rods in nuclear power plant?
Control rods are used to regulate the rate of chain reaction. They are used
to absorb excess neutrons.
Control roads made of Boron steel (or) cadmium.
17. What is the physical significance of radiation shield is Nuclear power plant?
To protect against the harm full rays and fast neutrons.
18. Why Moderator is required in Nuclear power plant?
Moderator is used to slow down the fast moving electrons during nuclear
fission takes place. Hydrogen, graphite, beryllium, heavy water can be used as
moderators.
19. What is the function of steam generator in the Nuclear power plant?
The steam generator or Heat exchanger is used to transfer the heat carried
by the coolant to the water. The water gets converted into steam while passing
through the steam generator.
20. What is the function of regenerator in Gas power plant?
Regenerator is used to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber by
using the heat of the hot exhaust gases from the turbine.

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21. Why intercooler is required in between the high pressure and low pressure
compressor?
Intercooler is used to reduce the work of the compressor and increase the
efficiency. The energy required to compress air is proportional to the air
temperature at inlet. Therefore if intercooling is carried out between the stages
of compression, total work can be reduced.
21. What is the function of turbine?
Turbine is a prime mover which converts heat energy in the steam into
mechanical work or energy.
22. Give the classification of turbine.
(i) Hydraulic Turbine (Kinetic energy to mechanical Energy)
(ii) Steam Turbine (Steam to mechanical Energy)
(iii) Gas turbine (Pressure energy to mechanical Energy)
23. What are the types of steam turbine?
(i) Impulse turbine.
(ii) Reaction turbine
24. How the impulse turbine is working?
The steam coming out at a very high velocity through the nozzle impinges
on the blades fixed on the rotor. The blades changes the direction of steam
flow without change its pressure. The resulting force causes the rotation of the
turbine shaft.
25. How the Reaction turbine is working?
The high pressure steam from the boiler is passed through the nozzles, the
velocity of steam increases relative to the rotating disc. The resulting force of
the steam on nozzle gives the rotating motion to the disc and the shaft. The
shaft rotates on the opposite direction of the steam jet.

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26. Give the comparison between the impulse and the reaction turbine.
S.No IMPULSE TURBINE
Steam expands completely in the
1
nozzle.
Pressure drop in the nozzle and
2
remains constant in moving
blades
Blades are of symmetrical
3
profile type
No of stages required is less due
4
to more pressure drop.
5.
Power developed is less
6
Low efficiency
REACTION TURBINE
Steam expands both in fixed and
moving blades
Pressure drop occurs gradually
and continuously in both fixed
and moving blades
Blades are of aerofoil and nonsymmetrical type.
Number of stages required is
more due to small pressure drop
Power developed is more
Higher efficiency
27. Differentiate between Turbine and pump.
S.No Turbine
Kinetic Energy to mechanical
1.
Energy
High pressure side to low
2.
Pressure side
Pumps
Mechanical energy to Kinetic Energy
Low pressure side to High pressure
side
26. Give the classification of pumps.

(i) Reciprocating pump (positive displacement)
(ii) centrifugal pump (Roto dynamic pump)
27. Define Reciprocating Pump.
Mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy by sucking the liquid
into the cylinder in which a piston is reciprocating, which exert the thrust on
the liquid and increase its hydraulic energy, the pump is called as
reciprocating pump or positive displacement pump.

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28. What are the classifications of Reciprocating pumps?

a) Based upon the water contact on piston
i) Single-acting pump
ii) Double-acting pump
b) Based upon the number of cylinder used
i) Single-cylinder pump, ii) Double-cylinder pump (or throw pump)
iii) Triple-cylinder pump (or throw pump).
29. What are difference between single and double acting Reciprocating pump?
S.No Single acting Reciprocating pump
Double acting Reciprocating

pump
The water is in contact with one side

Both side of piston
of the piston
2.
Less discharge
High discharge
30. What is the purpose of air vessels in Reciprocating pump?

It is used to obtain a continuous supply of water at uniform rate.
31. Define Centrifugal Pump
Mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by means of
centrifugal force acting on the fluid, that hydraulic machine is called
centrifugal pump or Rotodynamic pump.
32. What are the advantages of centrifugal pump over reciprocating pump?
i) Its Cost is less than reciprocating pump
ii) Discharge capacity is much greater than that of reciprocating pump
iii) Installation and maintenances are easier and cheaper
iv) Compact in size and weight.
v) Torque on the power source is uniform; hence the output from the pump
is also uniform.

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33. What are the different types of Casing is used in the centrifugal pump?
i) Volute casing
ii) Vortex casing
iii) Diffuser casing.
34. What is meant by priming?
Before starting the pump, air from the suction pipe, casing and portion of
delivery pipe is replaced by water. The operation of replacing the air with
water is known as priming.
35. Why priming is required in centrifugal pump?
If priming is not taken place, the pump will not deliver the water. The head
generated by the pump is independent of density of the fluid. It means the
pump will run with air, the head generated will be in terms of meter of air. But
the head must be delivering in terms of water is required. So the priming is
necessary before starting the centrifugal pump.
36. Give the comparison between the centrifugal pump and Reciprocating pump.
S.No CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Discharge is continuous &
1
smooth
It can be lifting highly viscous
2
liquids
Needs smaller floor area and
3
installation cost is low
4
Handle large quantity of liquid
5.
No noise during operation
6
Cost is less
RECIPROCATING PUMP
Discharge is Not continuous. It is
fluctuating and pulsating.
It is used only for lifting pure water
or less viscous fluid
Needs larger floor area and
installation cost is high
Handle small quantity of liquid only
More Noise during operation
Cost is more

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Engineering
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UNIT-II
IC ENGINES
1. Define the term heat engines.
It is a device which converts heat energy into mechanical energy.
2. Give the classification of an Engine.
a) IC (internal combustion) Engine
b) EC (External combustion) Engine
3. Give the classification of I C Engine.
a) Based number of strokes:
i) Two stroke engine
ii) Four stroke engine
b) Based on Fuel:
i) Diesel Engine
ii) Petrol Engine
4. What are the engines used in automobiles with examples?
4stroke Diesel - All Lorries, Buses, Tata sumo, Mahindra Scorpio etc...
4strole petrol - Benz E class, Hyundai sonata car all two wheelers
2stroke Diesel - Banned by central government due to pollution
2stroke petrol - Old type TVS50 (Banned by central government due to
Pollution)
5. Define stroke length.
It is defined as movement of the piston from bottom dead centre (BDC) to
Top dead centre (TDC) (or) TDC to BDC during the operation.
6. Define the term compression Ratio (CR).
Compression Ratio is defined as the ratio between maximum cylinder
volume and clearance volume,
Max, cylinder volume
Vc + Vs
CR= --------------------------- = ---------Clearance volume.
Vc

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7. Define swept volume.

It is the volume of space generated by the movement of the piston from
one dead center to another dead center.
8. Define clearance volume.
It is the space in the cylinder, when the piston is at TDC.
9. How many strokes are there in four stroke engine with name?
(i)
Suction stroke
(ii)
Compression strike
(iii) Power (Expansion)stroke
(iv) Exhaust stroke
10. How many strokes are there in two strike engine with name?
(i)
Compression, Suction and Ignition
(ii)
Power and Exhaust
11. What is the function of spark plug?
Spark plug is to produce spark ignition during the power stoke in petrol
engine.
12. What is the function of fuel injection?
Diesel particles spread in to fine particles during the expansion (power)
Stroke in diesel engine.
13. Define the term Atomization.
In 4 stroke diesel engine, during the power stroke the fine diesel spray
spread in to cylinder, due to this combustion take place inside the cylinder.
14. Define the term SIT.
SIT- self ignition Temperature
In 4 stroke diesel engine, during the compression stroke the atmosphere air
is compressed. So the pressured air is to attain some temperature. That self
temperature is called as SIT

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15. What are the difference between petrol and diesel engine?
S.No Petrol engine
Diesel engine
1.
CR = 6 to 8
CR =15 to 20
2.
Fuel is ignited by spark Fuel is ingited by hot compressed air, and here
plug
we are suing fuel injector
3.
Operates at high speed
Low speed
16. What are the difference between four stroke and two stroke engine?
S.No Four stroke engine
Two stroke engine
1.
One power is obtained

revolution of crank shaft
in two One power is obtained in each

revolution of crank shaft
2.
Valves are used
3.
EX: All two wheelers such as pulsar EX: Navy boat and old TVS 50 2s
150cc, Hero Honda CBZ extreme and vehicles banned by govt. due to
Honda Activa.
pollution.
Ports are sued
17. What is meant by boiler?

Boiler is a closed vessel used to generate steam from water by the
application of heat and pressure. Boiler is also known as steam generator.
18. What are types of boiler?
According to pressure value:
(i)
Low pressure boiler (Less than 80 bar)
(ii)
High pressure boiler(More than 80 bar)
According to flow of water:
(i)
Fire tube boiler
(ii)
Water tube boiler
19. What are the accessories parts in the boiler?
i) Economizer
ii) Air pre heater
iii) Super heater
iv) Stem generation

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20. What is the physical significance of baffles in air pre heaters?

Baffles are used t deflect the air in air pre heater.
21. What is the function of the Economizer?
Economizer extracts the heat of the flue gas to pre heat the water before it is
fed into the boiler.
22. What are types of super heater?
a) Convective super heaters
b) Radiation super heaters.
23. Give some examples for high pressure boiler.
a) Bab cock boiler
b) Lamount boiler
c) Benson boiler
24. Give some examples for low pressure boiler.
(i)
Cochran boiler
(ii)
Lancashire boiler
(iii)
Locomotive boiler.
25. What are the difference between low pressure and high pressure boiler?
S.No Low pressure boiler
High pressure boiler
1.
The boiler produces steam at a The boiler produces steam at a

pressure less than 80 bar
pressure more than 80 bar
2.
Dry steam is produced
Super heated steam is produced.
3.
Fire tube boilers are used
Water tube broilers are sued
26. What are the boiler mounting components in boiler?

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
pressure gauge
safety valve
steam stop valve
Ware gauge

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UNIT-III
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
1. What is meant by refrigeration?
Refrigeration is the process of reducing and maintaining the temperature of
a body below the general temperature (or) it is the process of removing heat
from a substance under controlled condition.
2. Define the term refrigerant.
It is a fluid which absorbs the heat from the body and rejects the heat at
high temperature. EX: Ammonia, CO2, Freon 12, methyl chloride and Chloro
Fluro Carbons (CFC)
3. Capacity of refrigerator (or) refrigerating effect.
It is the amount of heat extracted from the cold body per unit mass per
minute (or) the rate at which refrigeration produced is called the capacity of
Refrigerator, it is expressed in Tone of refrigeration
.
4. Define the term Tone of refrigeration
A tone of refrigeration is defined as the amount of refrigeration effect
produced by uniform melting of one (1000 kg) of ice at 0C to water at 0C in
24 Hrs.
5. Define the term COP.
COP = Co efficient of performance is the ratio of heat extracted and the
work input
Heat Extract
COP = --------------------Work done
6. What are the types of refrigerators?
(i) Vapour compression refrigerators
(ii) Vapour absorption refrigerators.
7. What kind of refrigerant used in industries and ships?

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CO 2
8. What is meant by air conditioning?
It is the process of air conditioning the air according to the human comfort,
irrespective of external conditions.
9. Define the term Humidity.
Moisture content present in the air is called the humidity
10. Define the term Relative Humidity.
It is the ratio of water vapour in a given volume of air at a given
temperature, to the mass of water vapour present in the same volume under
same temperature of air when it is fully saturated.
11. Define Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)
The temperature of air measured by the ordinary thermometer is called
DBT.
12. Define Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT).
The temperature of air measured by the thermometer by the thermometer
when it is covered by the cloth is known as WBT.
13. What is meant by Dew point Temperature (DPT)?
The temperature at which the water vapour starts condensing is called at the
dew point temperature.
14. What are the refrigerants used in A/C?
Freon 12
Dichloro Difloro Methane (CCI2G3)
15. What are the refrigerants used in compressor?
Ammonia (Toxic gas)
16. What are factor are affecting human comfort?
(a) Temperature
(b) Humidity of air
(c) Air motion
(d) Air purity
(e) Noise

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17. Write down the components used in window A/C.

(a) Compressor
(b) Air-cooled condenser
(c) Capillary tube
(d) Evaporator
18. What is meant by room A/C?
Room A/C also known as window A/C is normally installed in a window
(or) wall opening of the room.
19. Classify air conditioning
(i) Comfort A/C
(ii) Industrial A/C
20. What is difference between refrigerator and Air conditioner?
S.No Refrigerator
1.
Air-conditioner(A/C)
Refrigerant is a fluid which

absorbs the heat from the Air conditioning is the process of
body and rejects
conditioning the air according to human
The heat at high temperature
comfort irrespective of external condition
2.
Refrigeratns:NH 3, Co 2, RI2, R-22,Cacl2. NaCI and Refrigerants: R-12, R-22

Glycols
3.
Less cost compared to A/C
Comparatively high

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Basics of Civil Engineering

2 Marks Question and Answers
1. Define Civil Engineering?
Civil Engineering is a branch of engineering which aims to provide a
comfortable and safe living for people by providing shelters by Civil Engineers.
2. Mention the important functions of civil engineer?
i) Feasibility studies, Site investigation and design before the construction
starts.
ii) Dealing with contractors and clients during construction.
iii) Maintenance and Research after the construction completed.
3. Mention the main branches of Civil Engineering?
i) Structural Engineering
ii) Geotechnical Engineering
iii) Transportation Engineering
iv) Irrigation Engineering
v) Water supply, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering
vi) Fluid Mechanics
4. What are the important construction materials?
i) Bricks ii) Stones iii) Sand iv) Cement v) Cement Concrete vi) Steel
Sections vii) Industrial timbers viii) Plastics and Composite materials.
5. Define Bulk density & Porosity.
Bulk density is the ratio of mass to the volume of the material in its natural state
i.e. including pores and voids.
Porosity is used to indicate the degree by which the volume of a material is
occupied by pores.
It is the ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of the specimen.
6. Define Thermal conductivity & Thermal capacity.
Thermal conductivity of the material is defined as the amount of heat in
kilocalories that will flow through unit area of the material with unit thickness
in unit time when difference of temperature on its faces is also unity.
Thermal capacity is defined as the property of the material to absorb heat

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T = H / M (T2 T1)
7. Differentiate Elasticity & Plasticity.
Elasticity: When an external force is acting on a body, it undergoes some
deformation.
The property by which a body returns to its original shape after the removal
of external load
Plasticity: It is the converse of elasticity. This is the property of material by
which no deformation disappears when it is relieved from the external load.
8. Define Abrasion & Hardness.
Abrasion: The resistance to abrasion of a material is found out by dividing
the difference in weights of specimens prior to and after abrasion with the area
of abrasion.
Hardness: The ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body is
known as its hardness. To find hardness of a material, a load through a
penetrator is applied on the surface of a specimen and the surface area of the
impression is found out.
9. Mention the classification of soil.
There are mainly two types of soil classification
a) Particle size classification
b) Unified soil classification and I.S classification.
10. How do you classify rocks geologically and based on chemical composition?
Geological classification: i) Igneous rocks
ii) Sedimentary rocks
iii) Metamorphic rocks.
Chemical classification: i) Silicious rocks
ii) Argillaceous rocks
iii) Calcareous rocks.
11. List out the requirements or qualities of a good building stone.
i) The colour of the stone should not be easily attacked by weathering
agents.
ii) A good building stone should be durable.
iii) Co-efficient of hardness should not be below 14.

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12. What are the uses of stones in building construction?

i) Stones are used to cover floor of buildings of various types such as
residential, commercial, industrial etc.
ii) Stones are also used as ballast for railway track
iii) Stones are used as flux in blast furnace.
13. Mention some important building stones in India?
i) Granite
ii) Sand stoneiii) Lime stone
iv) Laterite v) Gnisses vi)Marble
14. What are the four distinct operations of brick manufacturing?
i) Preparation of brick earth ii) Moulding of bricks
iii) Drying of bricks iv) Burning of bricks
15. How are bricks classified?
Bricks are classified on the basis of method of manufacturing as
i) Unburnt or sun dried bricks
ii) Burnt bricks
a) First class bricks
b) Second class bricks
c) Third class bricks
d) Fourth class bricks
16. List out the uses of bricks.
i) Bricks are mainly used for the construction of walls in residential and
industrial structures
ii) Bricks when moulded in the shape of gutter can be used as drains.
iii) Sand lime bricks are used for ornamental works.
17. State the characteristics of good bricks.
i) Bricks should have uniform copper colour.
ii) Bricks should not absorb water more than 20% by weight when
immersed in water for 24 hours.
iii) Bricks should have even surface with sharp and square edges.

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18. What is frog in bricks?

A Frog is a mark of about 10 mm to 20 mm which is placed on the raw
brick during moulding. This serves two purposes as
i) Indicates the trade name of the manufacturer.
ii) It affords a key for mortar when the next brick is placed over it.
19. What are the raw materials used for the manufacturing of cement?
Lime (CaO) 62%
Silica (SiO2) 22%
Alumina
5%
Calcium Sulphate 4%
Iron Oxide 3%
Magnesia
2%
Sulphar
1%
Alkalies
1%
20. List the uses of cement.
i) Cement is used for preparation of foundations, foot paths etc.
ii) Cement is used for manufacture of precast pipes, piles, fencing posts
etc.
iii) Cement mortar is used for masonry work, plastering, pointing etc..
21. State the various types of cement.
i) Quick setting cement ii) Low heat cement
iii) High alumina cement iv) Acid resistant cement
22. State the various properties of good cement.
i) The colour of cement should be uniform
ii) Cement should be free from lumps
iii) If a small quantity of cement is thrown in to a bucket of water , it should
sink

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23. State the various types of steel.

i) Mild steel or Low carbon steel carbon content from 0.10 to 0.25 percent
ii) Medium hard steel or medium carbon steel Carbon content 0.25 to 0.6
percent
iii) Hard steel or High carbon steel Carbon content from 0.60 to 1.5
percent
24. List down the commercial forms of steel sections used in the construction.
i) Round bars ii) Square bars iii) Torsteel iv) Plates v) Flat bars vi) Angle
sections vii) Channel sections viii) I-sections
25. List out the properties of mild steel.
i) It is fibrous in structure ii) It is malleable and ductile
iii) It is tougher and more elastic than wrought iron
26. List out the properties of hard steel
i) It is granular in structure ii) Its specific gravity is 7.90
iii) It can be magnetized permanently
27. Distinguish between ordinary steel rods and torsteel.
Ordinary steel rods are round, plain bars made of mild steel, medium tensile
steel, high tensile steel etc. Torsteel rods are twisted or torsioned deformed
bars. Torsteel bars have longitudinal and transverse ribs. Both the plain and
torsteel rods are used as reinforcement in concrete for roof slabs, beams,
columns etc. Torsteel has higher yield strength compared with mild steel bars.
28. What is cement concrete.
Concrete is defined as a building material obtained by mixing cement, fine
and course aggregates and water in suitable proportions. The resultant plastic
mixture after curing becomes hard mass. The course aggregates are broken
stone, broken bricks or gravel. The fine aggregate is sand or surki and the
binding material is lime or cement
29. List out the properties of cement concrete.
i) It is plastic when freshly prepared and can be moulded to any shape.
ii) Concrete does not lose its strength with age and does not require
maintenance. iii) It is durable and not affected by weather.

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30. State the various uses of cement concrete.

i) Concrete is mainly used in the construction of foundations, columns,
floors, roof slabs, beams, lintels, water tanks, sumps etc
ii) Concrete is used in massive structures such as dams and bridges.
iii) Concrete is used in the construction of bunkers, silos etc..
31. List out the few types of special Cement concrete.
i) No- fines concreteii) Pre-cast concrete iii) Fibre reinforced concrete
iv) Prestresses concrete
32. What is meant by water cement ratio?

The ration of weight of water used to that of cement is termed as water
cement ratio.
Water cement ratio depends upon the strength and workability desired and
method of compaction.
33. Why are steel rods used in Reinforced Cement Concrete?
Concrete is good in compression and weak in tension.
To take all the tension forces steel rods are used in concrete.
34. Define curing of concrete.
The finished concrete surface should be kept wet for at least 7 days to
promote continued hydration of cement. This is called curing of concrete.
35. What is meant by 1:2:4 concrete mixes?
In 1:2:4 concrete mix, the materials are measured by the mass like 1 part of
cement, 2 parts of fine aggregate 9 sand and 4 parts of course aggregate.
36. How to select the site for foundation?
i) Soil at the building site should not be of artificially made- up type.
ii) Site should not be undulating since this leads to increase in cost for
leveling the ground.
iii) The site should have its general slope and the ground water table in the
site should not be high.

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37. Define Bearing capacity, Ultimate bearing capacity and Safe bearing capacity?
Bearing capacity: It is defined as the maximum load per unit area which the
soil will resist safely without displacement.
Ultimate bearing capacity: It is the gross pressure intensity at the base of
the foundation at which the soil fails in shear.
Safe bearing capacity: It is the maximum pressure which the soil can carry
safely without risk of shear failure.
38. How to improve the bearing capacity of soil?
i) By increasing depth of foundation ii) By cement grating
iii) By draining the sub soil water iv) By compacting the soil
39. What are the loads acting on foundation?
i) Live load ii) Dead load iii) Wind load
40. List out the requirements of a good foundation?
The foundation should be so located that it is able to resist any unexpected
future influence which may adversely affect its performance
41. Mention the types of foundation?
Foundations are classified in to two types depends on the depth as
i) Shallow foundation
ii) Deep foundation
Shallow foundations are those in which the depth is equal to or less than its
width. When the depth is more than the width, it is termed as a deep
foundation
42. Mention the different types of shallow foundation?
i) Isolated column footing ii) Wall footing iii) Combined footing
iv) Cantilever footing v) Continuous footing
vi) Inverted arch footing vii) Stepped footing
43. Mention the different types of deep foundation?
i) Pile foundation ii) Pier foundation iii) Well foundation

Ph: 9942099122
Engineering
I year II semester
44. What are the causes of failure of foundation?

i) Unequal settlement of the sub-soil
ii) Shrinkage of the sub-soil due to the variations in the depth of water table
iii) Sudden earthquake and heavy rains
45. What are the remedial measures for the failure of foundation?
i) Foundation should be taken down to a depth where no ground water
movement occurs.
ii) The soil moisture content is maintained constant.
iii) The sides of the foundation should be protected by proper drainage.

Ph: 9942099122
Engineering
I year II semester
Possible Part B Questions

UNIT-I
POWER PLANT ENGINERING
1. Draw the schematic diagram of steam (thermal) power plant and explain the
working operation with merits and demerits.
2. Draw the schematic diagram of hydro electric power plant and explain the
working operation with merits and demerits.
3. List out the difference between thermal power plant and hydro electric power
plant.
4. Draw the schematic diagram of diesel power plant and explain the working
operation with merits and demerits.
5. Draw the schematic diagram of nuclear power plant and explain the working
6. Draw the schematic diagram of gas turbine power plant and explain the working
7. Explain the concept of various turbine operations with neat sketch.
8. What are the differences between impulse turbine and reaction turbine?
9. Explain the working operation of single and double acting reciprocating pump
with neat sketch.
10. Explain the working operation of centrifugal pump with neat sketch.
11. What are the differences between reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump?
UNIT-II
IC ENGINES
1. Explain the working operation of four stroke diesel engine with neat sketch.
2. Explain the working operation of four stroke petrol engine with neat sketch.
3. Explain the working operation of two stroke diesel engine with neat sketch.
4. Explain the working operation of two stroke petrol engine with neat sketch.
5. List out the difference between four stroke and two stroke engines.
6. List out the difference between diesel and petrol engines.
7. Explain the working principle of Cochran boiler with neat sketch.
8. Explain the working principle of Bab cock and Wilcox boiler with neat sketch.
9. Explain the working principle of Lamont boiler with neat sketch.
10. Explain the working principle of Benson boiler with neat sketch.

Ph: 9942099122
Engineering
I year II semester
UNIT-III
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
1. Explain briefly the working operation of vapour compression refrigerator
system with suitable diagram.
2. Explain briefly the working operation of vapour absorption refrigerator system
with suitable diagram
3. Explain briefly the working operation of window A/C system with neat diagram
4. Explain briefly the working operation of split A/C system with neat sketch.
CIVIL PORTION POSSIBLE PART-B QUEST

1. Explain briefly the various important varieties of stones.
2. What are the uses of bricks?
3. Explain briefly the various important varieties of bricks.
4. Draw the layout of Portland cement and its operation in detail.
5. Discus briefly various types of steels in engineering applications.
6. Discuss the various types of bricks masonry.
7. Discuss the various types of stone masonry.
8. Discuss the various types of cement masonry.
9. List out difference between bricks and stone masonry.
10. List out of the merits and demerits of cement masonry
11. Explain the following terms: stress, strain, youngs, modulus, Hookes and its
types in detail.
12. A load of 15 KN is to be raised with help of a steel wire Find the minimum
diameter of the steel wire. If the stress is not to exceed 200 M N/mm2
13. A hollow sheet column has to carry 2500 KN. Find the external diameter of
the column it the internal diameter is 150mm and the ultimate stress is 450N/mm2
use a factor of safety of 4
14. Discus briefly foundation and its types with diagram.
15. Explain briefly beam and its types with suitable diagram.
16. Explain briefly columns and its types.
17. Discuss briefly lintels and its types with suitable diagram.

Ph: 9942099122
Engineering
I year II semester
18. Explain the different types of flooring.

19. Discuss the different types of roofing.
20. Find the value of 40 years old building of 125m2 plinth area it the life of the
building is 100 years. The plinth area rate of the building is Rs.2.200.00 per m2
and the cost of land is Rs. 1.00.000.00
21. Explain the terms used in surveying.
22. The following perpendicular offset was taken at 10m intervals from a survey
line to an irregular boundary line.
1.01,.2.20,3.30,4.40,5.50,6.60,7.70,8.80,9.90,10.10 all are in m. Calculate the area
enclosed between the survey line. The irregular boundary line, and first and last
offset, by the following (i) Average, (ii) Trapezoidal, (iii0 Simpsons rule.
23. Convert WBC to QBV:
2552, 4334, 56 67, 49 86.
24. Convert QBV to WBC.
23 32E, s 56 32W
25. The following staff readings were taken with a level, the instrument having
been moved second and eight readings: 1.23, 2.34, 3.45, 4.56, 5.67, 6.78, and 7.89
8.90, 10.23, 13.45, 45.56, 56.67 Enter the above readings in a page of level book
and calculate the reduced level reading. Take 100.00m as base reduced level
**************************All the best ****************************

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SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

2 Marks Question and Answers

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

6. What do you meant by conventional energy sources? Give some examples.

These kinds of energy cannot be

Maintenance and running cost is

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

S.No Steam (Thermal) power plant

Hydro Electric power plant

Maintenance and running cost is Maintenance and running cost is

Working media = coal(steam)

Working media = water

Plant Efficiency is low

Plant efficiency is high

We can run able entire year

Not so, because it is not

12. Give the classification of Hydel plant.

Category of the Head

13. What is the function of Surge tank in Hydel power plant?

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

15. Differentiate between Nuclear fission and Nuclear Fusion.

S.No Nuclear fission

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

27. Differentiate between Turbine and pump.

26. Give the classification of pumps.

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

28. What are the classifications of Reciprocating pumps?

Double acting Reciprocating

The water is in contact with one side

30. What is the purpose of air vessels in Reciprocating pump?

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

7. Define swept volume.

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

Operates at high speed

Two stroke engine

One power is obtained

in two One power is obtained in each

Valves are used

Ports are sued

17. What is meant by boiler?

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

20. What is the physical significance of baffles in air pre heaters?

High pressure boiler

The boiler produces steam at a The boiler produces steam at a

Dry steam is produced

Super heated steam is produced.

Fire tube boilers are used

Water tube broilers are sued

26. What are the boiler mounting components in boiler?

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

17. Write down the components used in window A/C.

Refrigerant is a fluid which

Refrigeratns:NH 3, Co 2, RI2, R-22,Cacl2. NaCI and Refrigerants: R-12, R-22

Less cost compared to A/C

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03

Basics of Civil Engineering

SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL 03