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Re f E FERENCE
Pythagorean Theorem:
Inscribed Angle
n
x
a2 + b2 = c2
1
x= n
2
Trigonometric Ratios:
x
sin =
Tangent-Chord
n
x=
1
n
2
hypotenuse
opposite
cos =
adjacent
a
c
hypotenuse
adjacent
hypotenuse
tan =
2 Chords
opposite
opposite
adjacent
ab=cd
x=
1
(m + n)
2
Coordinate Geometry Properties
a
x
n
Tangent-Secant
b
a 2 = b (b + c)
x=
1
(m n)
2
Distance Formula:
Midpoint:
Slope:
x1 + x2
2
n x
b (a + b) = d (c + d )
x=
1
(m n)
2
y1 + y2
2
y2 y1
m=
x2 x1
2 Secants
d=
Point-Slope Formula:
(y y 1) = m (x x 1)
y = mx + b
a
m
a=b
x
b
Ax + By = C
x=
1
(m n)
2
Copyright 2011 by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The materials contained in this publication
may be duplicated by Pennsylvania educators for local classroom use. This permission does not extend to the
duplication of materials for commercial use.
KEYSTONE
Re f E FERENCE
P = 4s
A=s s
l
P = 2l + 2w
A = lw
SA = 4r 2
4
V = r 3
3
r
l
P = 2a + 2b
A = bh
h
b
SA = 2r 2 + 2rh
V = r 2h
a
c
P=a+b+c+d
1
A = 2 h (a + b)
SA = r 2 + r r 2 + h 2
1
V = r 2h
3
r
c
P=b+c+d
1
A = 2bh
h
b
base
C = 2r
A = r 2
V=
1
(Area of the base)(h)
3
VE+F=2
vertices minus edges plus faces = 2
Copyright 2011 by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The materials contained in this publication
may be duplicated by Pennsylvania educators for local classroom use. This permission does not extend to the
duplication of materials for commercial use.