Structural Analysis

PROJECT : Construction of WPU-CAST Building 2
LOCATION: WPU-PPC Campus, Sta Monica,

Puerto Princesa City
OWNER: WESTERN PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Design Criteria, Constants and Assumption

Design Loads:
Dead Loads :
Roofing
Lumber
Concrete
Steel
Ceiling
Electrl acc. (misc)
=
=
=
=
=
=
77.00 Pa
8.80 kN/cu.m
24.00 kN/cu.m
77.00 kN/cu.m
240.00 Pa
150.00 Pa
1000 Pa
=
=
=
750 Pa
750 Pa
750 Pa
Live Loads:
Roof Live Load
Floor Live Load
Bedroom
Hallway
Stairs
Wind Pressure
Wind Velocity, zone 2
= 150 kph
a)
On vertical plane surfaces of all buildings.
b)
On inclined surfaces.
Pn =
Where:
PN = Normal component on wind pressure / square foot.
P = Pressure per square foot on vertical surface.
= Angle of inclination of surface with the horizontal.
Soil Bearing Capacity:
Assumed
144 kPa
Strength of Materials:
Compressive strength of concrete, fc = 21 MPa
Yield strength of steel, fy = 275 MPa
Technical Notations :
P = total load acting on the truss
Ls = tributary area in m2
w = weight of truss
V = wind velocity
Pn = normal wind pressure on a vertical surface
P = normal wind pressure on a vertical surface
A = effective width area, (m2)
Ag = area of gross section, (mm2)
Av = are of ties within a distance, (mm2)
Cb = bending coefficient dependent upon moment
Cs = stiffness factor
d = depth of the beam
DL = dead load
2
fc = specified compressive stiffness of concrete, (Mpa.)

fy = specified yield strength of steel, (Mpa.)
Ld = development length, (mm.)
LL = live load
M = moment
MFAB = moment (fixed moment)
Mn = nominal strength assuming all reinforcement at the section to be stressed
to the specified yield strength fy.
Ms = moment due to loads causing appreiciable away, or moment of tensile
force in
reinforcement about centroid of compressive force in masonry,
(kN-m.)
Mu =factored moment at section
N = number of bars or wires being developed along the plane of the splitting.
= strength of reduction factor\
Pu = ultimate axial load
Qa = allowable soil pressure (Mpa.)
qu = ultimate soil pressure
R = governing radius of gyration (mm.)
Ru = ultimate reaction
S = spacing of transverse reinforcement along the longitudinal axis of the
structural member, (mm)
t = effective thickness of the wall or the column, (mm.)
Vc = nominal shear strength provided by concrete
Vs = shear strength
Vu = required shear strength in masonry, (kN.)
Wu = factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab (kN/m)
= width of compression of face of member, (mm)
c = constant use to complete Vc in pre-stressed slab
= constant, equivalent of 3.1416
= ratio of non pre-stress tension reinforcement to the concrete
= factored axial load (kN)
Pb = nominal axial load strength at balance strain condition
g = ratio of total reinforcement area to cross-sectional area of column
n = nominal axial load strength at given electricity
Standards and References:

1. American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318-99
2. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP ) Vol 1, 5th edition, 2001
3. National Building Code of the Philippines (Latest Edn.)
Slab design
Slab-1A
When:
It is one way slab
4.0
0.8 0.50 Two way slab
5.0
Minimum thickness
perimeter
t
180
5.00(2) 4.0(2)1000
t
180
t 100.22mm
D 100 50mm cov ering

D 150mm.
Covering (1m-strip)
DL 0.150(1.00)(2.4)(9.81)
DL 3.53kN / m.
LL 2.4kN / m.
Wu 1.40 DL 1.70 LL
Wu 1.40(3.53) 1.70(2.4)
Wu 4.9 4.08
Wu 8.98kN / m.
From the table (negative moment at continuous edge), case 4
Ca.neg. 0.071
Cb.neg. 0.029
Ms CswL2
Ms 0.071(8.98)(4.0) 2
Ms 10.20Kn m.
Mb 0.029(8.98)(4.0) 2
Mb 6.51kN.m.
Coefficient for dead load positive moments in slab
Ca.neg. 0.039
Cb.neg. 0.016
Coefficient for live load positive moment in slab
Ca.neg. 0.048
Cb.neg. 0.020
Along short direction
MsDL 0.039(4.9)(4) 2
MsDL 3.06kN.m
MsLL 0.016(4.08)(4) 2
MsLL 1.04kN.m.
M TS 4.1kN.m.
Along long direction
MsDL 0.048(4.9)(5) 2
MsDL 5.88kN.m.
MsLL 0.020(4.08)(5) 2
MsLL 2.04kN.m.
Mbt 7.92kN.m.
Negative moment @ discontinuous edges equals 1/3 of positive moment
1
Ms (4.10) 1.367kN.m.
3
1
Ms (7.92) 2.64kN.m.
3
Mid span
Mu fc ' bd 2 (1 0.59 )
Mu 4.10kN.m.
4.10 x10 6 0.90(21)(1000)(150) 2 (1 0.59 )

(1 0.59 ) 0.0096
2 1.69 0.0163 0
1.69
1.692 4(1)(0.0163)
2(1)
0.01
fc'
fy
0.01(21)
275
0.00076
As bd
As 0.00076(1000)(150)
As 114.55
Use 12mm. Bars
1000 (12) 2
114.55
S
4
S 987.32mm 2
say : 900mm 2
Continuous edge
Mu 6.51kN.m.
Mu fc' bd 2 (1 0.59 )
6.51x106 0.90(21)(1000)(150) 2 (1 0.59 )
(1 0.59 ) 0.015
0.18
fc' 0.18(21)
0.014
fy
275
As bd
As 0.014(1000)(150)
As 2,100mm 2
Using 12mm
1000
(12) 2 2,100mm 2
S 4
S 53.86mm.
say 50mm.O.C.
Discontinuous edge
Moment is only 1/3 at mid span
Bent up two of every three bottom bars.
Slab 2A
S 3.0
0.75 0.50 Two way slab

L 4.0
Minimum thickness
perimeter
180
4.0(2) 3.0(2)(1000)
t
180
t 77.78
D 77.78 50mm(covering )
t
D 120mm.
Covering (1m-strip)
DL 3.53kN / m
LL 2.4kN / m.
Wu 1.40 DL 1.7 LL
Wu 1.40(3.53) 1.7(2.4)
Wu 8.98kN / m.
From the table (negative moment at continuous edge) case 4
Ca.neg. 0.076
Cb.neg. 0.024
Ms CsL2
Ms 0.076(8.98)(3) 2
Ms 6.14kN m.
Mb 0.024(8.98)(4) 2
Mb 3.45kN m.
Coefficient for dead-load positive moment in slab
Ca.neg. 0.043
Cb.neg. 0.013
Coefficient for the live-load positive moment in slab
Ca.neg. 0.052
Cb.neg. 0.016
MsDL 0.043(4.9)(3) 2
MsDL 1.8963
MsLL 0.013(4.08)(3) 2
MsLL 0.477
M TS 2.374kN m.
Along long direction
MsDL 0.052(4.9)(4) 2
MsDL 4.077kN m.
MsLL 0.016(4.1)(4) 2
MsLL 1.05kN m.
MsbT 5.127kN m.
Negative moment @ discontinuous edge equal 1/3 of positive moment.

1
Ms (2.374) 0.79
3
1
Ms 5.127 1.704
3
Mu fcbd 2 1 0.59
Mu 2.37 kN m.
2.374x10 6 0.90211000120 1 0.59
1 0.59 0.0087
0.01
2
0.0121
0.00066
fy
275
As bd 0.000661000120
fc
As 79.2mm 2
Use 12mm. Bars
122
S
1000
79.2
S 1000mm.
1427.99mm.
Continuous edge
Mu 6.14kN. m.
Mu fcbd 2 1 0.59
6.14 x10 6 0.90211000120 1 0.59
2
1 0.59 0.0226
0.02
fc' 0.0221
0.00168
fy
275
As bd 0.001681000120
As 201.6mm. 2
Use 12mm. Bar

1000 12
201.6
S
4
S 560.99mm.
2
say : 500mm.
Discontinuous edge
Use 3 times the spacing of mid span (moment is only 1/3 if mid span)
Along the long direction

Mid span
d 120 50 70mm
Mu 5.127kN m.
Mu fcbd 2 1 0.59
5.127 x10 6 0.9021100070 1 0.59
1 0.59 0.0554
2
0.05
fc 0.0521
0.00411
fy
275
As bd 0.00411100070
As 287.7mm.
Use 12mm. Bar
12 2
1000
4
393 .11mm
287 .7
say : 300 mm.
S
Continuous edge
8
Mu 3.45kN m.
Mu fcbd 2 1 0.59
3.45x10 6 0.40211000120 1 0.59
2
1 0.59 0.0127
0.013
fc 0.01321
0.001
fy
275
As bd 0.0011000120
As 119.13mm 2
Use 12mm Bar
12 2
1000
4
S
949 .36 mm.
119 .13
say : 900 mm.
Discontinuous edge
Moment is only 1/3 at mid span, bent up two every three bottom bars.
Beam Design
LL 2.5kN / m.
DL 3.5kN / m.
Wu 1.4 DL 1.7 LL
Wu 1.43.5 1.72.5
Wu 9.57kN / m.
WuL2 9.874
19.14kN m.
8
8
L 9.574
R
19.14kN.
2
2
0.85 fc' 600 0.85210.85600
b
fy600 fy
275600 275
b 0.0378
2
Mu
max 0.750.0378 0.02835

assume :
1
1
max 0.028
2
2
0.014
fy 0.014275
0.18
fc'
21
Mu bd 2 1 0.59
Mu bd 2 R
R fc' 1 0.59
R 210.181 0.590.18
R 3.38Mpa.
Mu
bR
assume : b 200
d
19.14 x10 6
0.902003.38
d 177.37mm.
Total depth:
177.37 50 227.37mm.
say : d 300mm
As bd
As 0.014200300
As 840mm 2
Using 16mm. RSB
10
840
162
4
n 4.18
say : 4 pcs 16mmRSB
WuL
Wud
2
L1
d
26
L 4
d 0.333
12 12
9,5704
Vu
9,5700.333
2
Vu 17,546.60 N .
Vu
Shear force that a concrete can carry

1
fc' bd
6
1
21200300
Vc
6
Vc 187.08 N
Vc
Vc 0.85187.08 159.02
It needs reinforcement
1
159.02
Vc
79.51N Vu
2
2
For nominal shear strength
Vs
Vu
Vc
17,546.60
170.29
0.85
Vs 20,469.24 N .
Vs
Use 10mm. Stirrups

Av 2 As
Av 2
102 157mm2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
157 275 300
S
20 ,469 .29
S 632 .76 mm
S
11
Check if Vs
1
3
1
fc' bd
3
21200300 374.17
Maximum spacing
max.S
d 300
150
2
2
Checks on minimum area requirements

Av
bs
200150
36.36mm2
3 fy
3275
Av 36.36mm2 157mm.2
use,10mm. steelbars
Beam -2A
DL 2.5kN / m.
LL 3.5kN / m.
Wu 1.40 DL 1.70 LL
Wu 9.57kN / m.
WuL2 9.575.7
38.87kN / m.
8
8
wL 9.575.7
R
27.27kN.
2
2
0.85 fc' 600 0.85210.85600
b
fy600 fy
275600 275
b 0.038
2
Mu
max 0.028
0.014
fy
fc
0.24
R 4.33MPa.
b 300mm.
d 350mm.
As bd
As 0.014300350
As 1470mm2
12
No. of 16mm. RSB.

1470
7.31
16 2
4
n 8 pcs. 16 mm.RSB
n
WuL
Wud
2
L 5.7
d
0.48
2 12
9,5705.7
Vu
9,5700.48
2
Vu 22,680.9 N .
Vu
1
1
fc' bd
6
6
Vc 247.49 N .
Vc
21300350
Vc 0.85247.49 210.36 N .
1
210.36
Vc
105N . Vu
2
2
Vs
Vu
Vc
22,680.9
247.49
0.85
Vs 26,435.92 N .
Vs
Using 10mm. stirrups
Av 2 As
2
d
4
Av 150 mm 2
Av 2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
157 275 350
S
26 ,435 .92
S 571 .62 mm.
S
13
1
Check if Vs 3
1
3
fcbd
21300350 494.97kN.
Maximum spacing
max.S
d 300
150
2
2
Check on minimum area requirements

Av
bs
300150
54.54
3 fy
3275
Av 54.54mm2 157mm.
use,10mmbar
14
Beam 4A and 7A
15
WuL2 8.985
8
8
Mu 28.06kN. / m.
wl 8.985
R
22.45kN.
2
2
b 0.0378
max 0.75b
2
Mu
max 0.028
1
max
2
0.014
fy
fc
0.18
Mu fc' bd 1 0.59
Mu bd 2 R
R fc' 1 0.59
R 3.38
b 200
d 300
As bd
As 0.014200300
As 840mm
840
4.2
162
4
n 4 pcs 16mm.bar.
n
WuL
Wud
2
L 5
d 0.417
2 12
8.98x103 5
Vu
8.98x103 0.417
2
Vu 18,705.34 N .
Vu
16
1
1
fc' bd
21200300
6
6
Vc 187.08N
Vc
Vc 0.85187.08 159.02 N .
1
159.02
Vc
79.51N . Vu
2
2
Vs
Vu
Vc
18,705.34
187.08
0.85
Vs 21,819.20 N
Vs
Using 10 mm. stirrups
Av 2 As
2
d
4
Av 157 mm 2
Av 2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
157 275 300
S
21,819 .20
S 593 .63 mm.
S
1
Check if Vs 3
1
3
fc ' bd
21200300 374.17
Maximum spacing
max.S
d 300
150
2
2
17
Av
bs
200150
36.36
3 fy
3275
Av 36.36mm2 157mm.
use,10mm.bar.
18
Beam -4A
Wu 1.40 DL 1.70 LL
Wu 1.402.1 1.701.5
Wu 5.49kN / m.
WuL2 5.494
Mu
10.98kN / m.
8
8
wL 5.494
R
10.98kN.
2
2
b 0.0378
0.014
2
0.18
assume : b 150
d
Mu
bR
10.98 x106
0.901503.38
d 155.12mm.
total, depth 155.12 50 205.12
say : 200mm
As bd
As 0.014150200
As 420mm2
Using 16 mm. RSB

420
2.24
16 2
4
say : 3 pcs 16 mm .RSB.
19
WuL
Wud
2
L1
d
26
L
4
d
0.333
12 12
95704
Vu
95700.333
2
Vu 15,953.19 N .
Vu

1
fc' bd
6
1
21150200
Vc
6
Vc 132.29 N .
Vc
Vc 0.85132.29 112.45
1
112.45
Vc
56.22 N . Vu
2
2
Vs
Vu
Vc
15,953.19
132.29
0.85
Vs 18,636.17 N .
Vs
Using 10 mm. stirrups
Av 2 As
2
d
4
Av 157 mm 2
Av 2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
157 275 200
S
18,636 .17
S 463 .35 mm.
S
1
Check if Vs 3 fc' bd
20
1
3
21150200 264.58
Maximum spacing
max.S
d 200
100
2
2

Av
bs
200 100
24 .24 mm 2 .
3 fy
3275
Av 24 .24 mm 2 .
21
Beam 9A
DL 1.8kN / m.
LL 1.5kN / m.
Wu 5.07kN / m.
Mu 10.14kN / m.
Ru 10.14kN / m.
b 0.0378
0.014
0.18
R 3.38MPa.
d
Mu
bR
10.14 x106
0.901503.38
d 149mm 50 199.07mm.
say : 200mm.
As bd
As 0.014150200
As 420mm.2
Using 16 mm. RSB
22
420
1.68
162
4
say : 2 3 pcs 16mm.RSB
WuL
Wud
2
d 0.333
Vu
50784
50780.333
2
Vu 8,451.69 N .
Vu

1
fc' bd
6
1
21150200
Vc
6
Vc 132.29 N .
Vc
Vc 0.85132.29 112.45 N .
1
112.45
Vc
56.23N Vu
2
2
Vs
Vu
Vc
8,451.69
132.29
0.85
Vs 9,810.87 N .
Vs
Using 10 mm. bars
Av 3 As
Av 2
Av 2
d 2
102
4
Av 157mm2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
157 275 200
S
9,810 .87
S 880 .146 mm.
S
23
1
Check if Vs 3
1
3
fcbd
21150200 264.58
Maximum spacing
max.S
d 200
100
2
2
bs 150100
18.18
3 fy
3275
Av 18.18 157mm
use 10mm.
Av
24
Beam 6A
25
WuL2 8.983
10.10kN / m.
8
8
wL 8.983
Mu
13.47kN.
2
2
b 0.0378
max . 0.75b
1
assume : max .
2
0.014
fy
fc
0.18
R 3.38kN.
2
Mu
Mu
bR
assume : b 150mm.
d
10.10 x106
0.901503.38
d 148.78mm.
148.78 50covering 198.78mm.

say : 200mm.
As bd
As 0.18150200
As 420mm.2
Using 16 mm. diameters RSB.
420
2.08
162
4
say : 2 5 pcs. 16mm.RSB.
WuL
Vu
Wud
2
L
3
d
0.25
12 12
8,9803
Vu
8,9800.25
2
Vu 11,225N .
n
26

1
fcbd
6
1
21150200
Vc
6
Vc 170.78N .
Vc
Vc 0.85170.78 145.165
1
145.165
Vc
72.58 Vu
2
2
It needs reinforcement.
Vs
Vu
Vc
11,225
170.78
0.85
Vs 13,035.10
Vs
Using 10 mm. diameter stirrups
Av 2 As
2
d
4
Av 157 mm 2
Av 2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
157 275 200
S
13,035 .10
S 662 .44 mm.
S
Check if
1
3
Vs
1
3
fc' bd
21150200 265.58
Maximum spacing
max.S
d 200
100
2
2
27
Checks on minimum area requirements
bs 150100
18.18mm2
3 fy
3275
Av 18.18 157mm.
use : 10mm.
Av
28
Beam @ deck
Beam -7B
L 5.0m.
LL 1.9kN / m.
DL 3.33kN / m.
Wu 7.89kN / m.
WuL2 7.895.0
Mu
24.66kN m.
8
8
wL 7.895
R
19.73kN.
2
2
b 0.04
max . 0.03
1
max .
2
fy 0.015275
0.20
fc'
21
R 3.70
b 200mm.
2
Mu
bR
24.66 x106
0.902003.70
d 192.42mm
192.42mm 50covering 242.50
say : 250mm.
As 1,129.5mm2
Using 16mm. diameter RSB.

1,129 .5
5.62
16 2
4
n 6 pcs. 16 mm.RSB
n
WuL
Wud
2
L
5
d
0.42
12 12
7.895
Vu
7.890.42
2
Vu 16.41kN.
Vu
29

1
fc' bd
6
1
21200250
Vc
6
Vc 170.78N .
Vc
Vc 0.85170.78 145.165
1
145.165
Vc
72.58 Vu
2
2
It is needs reinforcement
Vs
Vu
Vc
16,411.2
170.72
0.85
Vs 19,136.57 N .
Vs
Av 2 As
2
d
4
Av 150 mm 2
Av 2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
150 275 250
S
19 ,136 .57
S 538 .89 mm.
S
Check if
1
3
Vs
1
3
fc' bd
21200250 341.57 N .
Maximum spacing
max .S
250
125
2

30
Av
bs
200 125
30 .30 157 mm 2
3 fy
3275
Used 10mm. diameter RSB
31
Beam -1B, 8B, and 9B
Wu 1.4DL 1.7LL
Wu 1.43.33 1.71.9
Wu 7.892kN / m.
WuL 7.8324
Mu
15.78kN / m.
8
8
wL 7.8324
R
15.78kN.
2
2
b 0.04
max . 0.03
1
max .
2
0.015
0.015275
0.20
fc
21
R fc' 1 0.59
fy
R 210.201 0.590.20
R 3.70
d
Mu
bR
15.78 x106
0.902003.70
d 153.93mm
153.93 50covering 203.93mm.

say : 250mm.
b 200mm.
As bd
As 0.015200250
As 1,129.5mm2
Using 16mm. diameter RSB
n
1,129 .5
5.62 , say : 6 pcs. 16 mm.RSb
16 2
4
32
WuL
Wud
2
L 4
d
0.3
12 12
7.89kN / m.4
Vu
7.890.3
2
Vu 13.14kN.
Vu

1
fc' bd
6
1
21200250
Vc
6
Vc 170.78
Vc
Vc 0.85170.78 145.165
1
145.165
Vc
72.58kN. Vu
2
2
It is needs reinforcement
Vs
Vu
Vc
13,410
170.78
0.85
Vs 15,605.69
Vs
Av 2 As
2
d
4
Av 150 mm 2
Av 2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
150 275 250
S
15,605 .69
S 660 .81mm.
S
Check if
Vs
1
3
fc' bd
33
1
3
21200250 341.57
Maximum spacing
max.S
250
125mm.
2

Av
bs
200125
30.30mm2
3 fy
3275
Av 30.30mm 157mm2
use. 10mm.RSB.
34
Beam -6B
L 3m
LL 1.9kN / m.
DL 3.33kN / m.
Wu 7.89kN / m.
WuL2 7.893
Mu
8.88kN m.
8
8
wL 7.893
R
11.48kN.
2
2
b 0.04
2
max . 0.03
1
max
2
0.015
0.20
R 3.70; b 200mm.
Mu
bR
8.88 x106
0.902003.70
d 115.47 50covering 165.47

say : 200mm.
As bd
As 0.015200200
As 600mm2
Using 16 mm. diameters RSB.
35
600
2.98 pcs.
16 2
4
say : 3 pcs 16 mm.RSB
WuL
Wud
2
L
3
d
0.25
12 12
7,8903
Vu
7,8900.25
2
Vu 9,862.5 N .
Vu

1
fcbd
6
1
21200200
Vc
6
Vc 152.75N .
Vc
Vc 0.85152.75 129.84
1
129.84
Vc
67.90 Vu
2
2
Vs
Vu
Vc
9,862.5
152.75
0.85
Vs 11,450.19 N .
Vs
Av 2 As
Av 150mm2
Spacing of stirrups
Avfyd
Vs
150 275 200
S
11,450 .19
S 720 .51mm.
S
36
Check if Vs
1
3
1
fc' bd
3
21200200 305.51 Vs
Maximum spacing
max .S
200
100
2

Av
bs
200100
24.24
3 fy
3275
Av 24.24 157mm2
use : 10mm.
37
Beam -2B
38
L 5.7 m.
LL 1.9kN / m.
DL 3.33kN / m.
Wu 7.89kN / m.
WuL 7.895.7
Mu
22.49kN m.
8
8
wL 7.895.7
R
22.49kN.
2
2
b 0.04
max . 0.03
1
max .
2
0.015
0.20
R 3.70
assume : b 250
Mu
bR
32.04 x106
0.902503.70
d 196.18 50covering 246.18mm

say : 300mm.
As bd
As 0.015200300
As 900mm2
Using 16mm diameter RSB
900
4.47
162 / 4
say : 5 pcs. 16mm.RSB
WuL
Wud
2
L 5.7
d
0.48
12
2
7.895.7
Vu
7.890.48
2
Vu 18.69kN.
Vu
39
1
fc' bd
6
1
21250300
Vc
6
Vc 209.17
Vc
Vc 0.85209.17 177.79
1
177.79
Vc
88.90 Vu
2
2
Vs
Vu
Vc
198,699.3
209.17
0.85
Vs 21,790.00 N .
Vs

Abfyd
Vs
150 275 300
S
21,790 .0
S 567 .92 mm.
S
Check if Vs
1
3
fcbd
1
21250300 418.33
3
Maximum spacing
max.S
300
150
2
bs 300150
3 fy
3275
As 54.54 157mm.
use : 10mm.RSB
As
40
41
Design of Column
Column -1B, 3B and 4B
Pu 19 ,730 N .
use : 0.70
Limits of reinforcement for tied column
g 0.01 0.08
try : g 0.03
Pu
0.800.85 fc1 g fyg
19,730 N .
Ag
0.5617.31 8.25
Ag
Ag 1,378.37mm.2
h 2 1,378.37mm2
h 37.13mm.
try : 300mm.x300mm.
Ag 90,000mm2
As gAg 0.0390,000
As 2,700mm2
2700
13.43
201.062
As
2700
g
0.03 ok
Ag 90,000
Spacing of lateral ties 10 mm. diameter
S 4810 480mm.
S 1616 256mm.
S 300mm.least dim ension
Pu 0.800.85 fc' Ag ASt fyASt

Pu 0.700.800.852190,000 2700 2752700
Pu 0.561,466.640 742,500
Pu 1,237,118.4 N . 19,730 N . safe
42
43
Column -1A
Pu 10 .14 kN.
use : 0.70
Limits of reinforcement for tied column
g 0.01 0.08
try : g 0.03
Pu
0.800.85 fc' 1 g fyg
0140
Ag
0.700.800.85211 0.03 2750.03
Ag
Ag 708.60mm2
h 2 708.60mm2
h 26.62mm.
try : 350mm.x350mm.
Ag 122,500mm.
As gAg 0.03122,500
As 3,675mm2
3675
7.5
490.87
say : 8 pcs.
As
3675
g
0.03 ok
Ag 122,500
44
Spacing of lateral ties 10mm.diameter
S 4810 480mm.
S 2510 250mm.
S 300mmleast dim ension
Pu 0.800.85 fc' Ag Ast fyAst

Pu 0.700.800.8521122,500 3675 2753675
Pu 1,753,724.7 10,140N . safe
45
Column -2B
46
Pu 22.49kN.
try : g 0.03
Pu
0.800.85 fc' (1 g ) fyg
22,490
Ag
0.700.800.85211 0.03 2750.03
Ag
Ag 1,571.63mm2
h 2 1,571.63mm2
h 39.64
try : 300mx300mm.
Ag 90,000mm2
As gAg 0.0390,000
As 270mm2
Using 16 mm. diameter RSB
2700
13.43
201.062
As
2700
d
0.03 ok
Ag 90,000
S 4810 460mm.
S 1616 256mm.

Pu 0.700.800.852190,000 2700 2752700
Pu 1,237,118.4 22,490.0 N . safe
47
Column -2A
Pu 27.27kN.
try : g 0.03
Pu
0.800.85 fc' (1 g ) fyg
27,270
Ag
0.700.800.85211 0.03 2750.03
Ag
Ag 1,905.66mm2
h 2 1,905.66mm2
h 43.65
try : 350mx350mm.
Ag 122,500mm2
As gAg 0.03122,500
As 3,675mm2
48
3675
7.5
490.87
As
3675
d
0.03 ok
Ag 122,500
S 4810 460mm.
S 1616 256mm.

Pu 0.700.800.8521122,500 3675 2753675
Pu 1,753,724N . 27,270N . safe
49
Column -3A
Pu 19.14kN.
try : 0.03
19140
14.31
Ag 1337.53
Ag
h 2 1337.53
h 36.57
try : 350mmx350mm.
Ag 122,500mm.
As gAg 0.03122,500
As 3675mm2 .
3675
7.5
490.87
As
3675
d
0.03 ok
Ag 122,500
S 4810 460mm.
S 1616 256mm.

Pu 0.700.800.8521122,500 3675 2753675
Pu 1,753,724N . 1,940.0 N . safe
50
Column -4A
Pu 38,240N .
38,240
Ag
14.13
Ag 2,706.30
h 2 2,706.30
h 52.02
try : 350mmx350mm.
Ag 122,500
As gAg 0.03122,500
As 3,675mm2

51
3675
7.5
490.87
As
3675
d
0.03 ok
Ag 122,500
S 4810 460mm.
S 1616 256mm.
52
FOOTING DESIGN
Footing -1
Pu 29,870 N .
Pu
A
29,870 N .
A
1701000
qa
A 0.176m 2
For square footing
L 0.175
L 0.42
try : 1.5mx1.5m
A 1.51.5 2.5m 2
b 2 2.25m 2
b 1.5m.
Net ultimate upward soil pressure
qu
29,870 N .
13,275.55 N / m.
2.25m 2
0.58
Mu 13,275.551.50.58
2
Mu 3,349.42 N m.
53
Compute W, Ru
1.40 1.40
0.0051
fy
275
fy 0.0051275
0.067
fc'
21
Ru fc' 1 0.59
min .
Ru 0.067211 0.590.067
Ru 1.35MPa.
d 350 50 1.5
d 350 50 1.516
d 276mm.
t d 1.5 cov ering
t 276 1.516 50
t 350mm.
Check for bending shear
Vu 13,275.55 1.5 0.626

2
Vu 24,667.62N .
Actual punching shear
Vu
Vn
bod
bo 4c d
bo 4350 276
bo 2504
24,667.62
Vn
0.852.5040.276
Vn 43,382.42Pa.
Actual beam shear

Vu 13,275 .55 1.50.350
Vn
bd
0.85 1.50.226
Vn 24 ,187 .62 Pa. 0.024 MPa.
Allowable beam shear ACI code
54
1
1
fc '
21 0.76 MPa.
6
6
Vu 0.76 Mpa. Vn 0.024 MPa. safe
Vu
Compute for required reinforcement

As bd
As 0.00511500226
As 1728.9mm 2

1728 .9
n
8.59
201 .061
say : 9 pcs. 16 mm.RSB.bothways
55
Footing -2
Pu 49,760 N .
Pu
A
49,760 N .
A
1701000
qa
A 0.293m 2
For square footing
L 0.293
L 0.42
try : 1.2mx1.2m
A 1.21.2 1.44m 2
b 2 1.44m 2
b 1.2m.
qu
49,760 N .
34,555.56 N / m.
1.44m 2
0.45
Mu 34,555.561.2 0.45
2
Mu 5,038.20 N m.
56
Compute W, Ru
1.40 1.40
0.0051
fy
275
fy 0.0051275
0.067
fc'
21
Ru fc' 1 0.59
min .
Ru 0.067211 0.590.067
Ru 1.35MPa.
d 300 50 1.5
d 300 50 1.516
d 231mm.
t d 1.2 cov ering

t 231 1.216 50
t 300.2mm.
Vu 34,555.56 1.2 0.531

2
Vu 40,016.69N .
Vu
Vn
bod
bo 4c d
bo 4300 231
bo 2324mm.
40,016.69
Vn
0.852.1240.231
Vn 87,694.86Pa.
Actual beam shear

57
Vu
34 ,555 .56 1.20.300
bd
0.85 1.2 0.231
Vn 5,279 .69 Pa. 0.053 MPa.
Vn

1
1
Vu
fc '
21 0.76 MPa.
6
6
As bd
As 0.00511200231
As 1,413.72mm 2

1,413 .72
n
7.13
201 .061
58
Footing -3
Pu 38,870 N .
Pu
A
38,870 N .
A
1701000
qa
A 0.229m 2
For square footing
L 0.229
L 0.48
try : 1.5mx1.5m
A 1.51.5 2.5m 2
b 2 2.25m 2
b 1.5m.

59
qu
38,870 N .
17,275.56 N / m.
2.25m 2
0.6
Mu 17,275.561.50.6
2
Mu 1,399.32 N m.
Compute W, Ru
1.40 1.40
0.0051
fy
275
fy 0.0051275
0.067
fc'
21
Ru fc' 1 0.59
min .
Ru 0.067211 0.590.067
Ru 1.35MPa.
d 300 50 1.5
d 300 50 1.516
d 226mm.
t d 1.5 cov ering
t 226 1.516 50
t 300mm.
Vu 17,275.56 1.5 0.526

2
Vu 34,090.28N .
Vu
Vn
bod
bo 4c d
bo 4300 226
bo 2,104
34,090.28
Vn
0.852.1040.226
Vn 84,344.64Pa.
60
Actual beam shear

Vu 17 ,275 .56 1.50.300
Vn
bd
0.85 1.50.226
Vn 17 ,986 .01Pa. 0.084 MPa.
1
1
Vu
fc '
21 0.76 MPa.
6
6
As bd
As 0.00511500226
As 1728.9mm 2

1728 .9
n
8.59
201 .061
61
Footing -4
Pu 57,970 N .
Pu
A
57,970 N .
A
1701000
qa
A 0.341m 2
For square footing
62
L 0.341
L 0.42
try : 1.6mx1.6m
A 1.61.6 2.56m 2
b 2 2.56m 2
b 1.6m.
qu
57,970 N .
22,644.53N / m.
2.56m 2
0.63
Mu 22,644.531.6 0.63
2
Mu 2,264.88 N m.
Compute W, Ru
1.40 1.40
0.0051
fy
275
fy 0.0051275
0.067
fc'
21
Ru fc' 1 0.59
min .
Ru 0.067211 0.590.067
Ru 1.35MPa.
d 350 50 1.5
d 350 50 1.516
d 276mm.
t d 1.5 cov ering
t 276 1.516 50
t 350mm.
Vu 22,644.53 1.6 0.626

2
Vu 43,096.149N .
63
Vu
bod
bo 4c d
bo 4350 276
bo 2504
43,096.149
Vn
0.852.5040.276
Vn 73,362.84Pa.
Vn
Actual beam shear

Vu
22 ,644 .531.6 0.350
Vn
bd
0.85 1.6 0.226
Vn 41,257 .602 Pa. 0.0413 MPa.
1
1
Vu
fc '
21 0.76 MPa.
6
6
As bd
As 0.00511600226
As 1844.16mm 2

1844 .16
n
9.17
201 .061
64
CHAPTER IX
PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
Table No. 5 Manpower Schedule
65
Skilled Non-Skilled
Duration
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Quarter
98
Quarter 98
days
Quarter 98
days
Quarter 98
days
Foreman
Surveyor/Instrumentman
Carpenter
Tile Settler
Painter
Steelman
11
11
11
Welder
Plumber
Operator (Equipment)
Laborer/Helper
31
31
22
22
Total
60
65
46
38
Table No. 6 Schedule of Equipments

Light and Heavy Equipment
Duration (Quarterly)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Grader
Backhoe
Bar Cutter
1 Unit bagger concrete mixer
1 Unit bagger concrete vibrator
Welding Machine
Sander
Total
14
24
25
66
Table No. 7 Capabilities of Manual Labor per Hour

Item
Type of work
Capability
1. dozer
a. clearing
b. stripping
c. excavation
d. quarrying
e. pushing
500 sq.m./hr.
200 sq.m./hr.
25 cu.m./hr.
50 cu.m./hr.
3 sq.m./hr.
2. grader
a. sub-graving
b. spreading
300 sq.m./hr
40 cu.m./hr
3. pay loader
a. loading
30 cu.m./hr
4. crane shovel
a. loading
35 cuu.m./hr
5. sheep's foot
a. static rolling
12 passes - 15 cm. lift
roller
6. no. 3w road
roller
7. tractor-drawn
roller (1-d)
b. vibrator rolling
a. static rolling
135 cm./hr.
24 cmph
a. vibrator rolling
67
6 passes-20 cm. lift

8. tandem roller
9. 5-T dump truck
a. static rolling
6 passes-20cm. Lift
a. hauling common barrow
b. hauling selected borrow base
course
240 cmph
24 cmph
3.5 cmpt
5 cmpt
NOTE: Cmph= cum/hour: cmpt= cum./truck
Table No. 7 Capabilities of Manual Labor per Hour
CAPABILITIES OF EQUIPMENT
Item
Type of work
Capability
1. dozer
a. clearing
b. stripping
c. excavation
d. quarrying
e. pushing
500 sq.m./hr.
200 sq.m./hr.
25 cu.m./hr.
50 cu.m./hr.
3 sq.m./hr.
2. grader
a. sub-graving
b. spreading
300 sq.m./hr
40 cu.m./hr
3. pay loader
a. loading
30 cu.m./hr
4. crane shovel
a. loading
35 cuu.m./hr
5. sheep's foot
a. static rolling
roller
6. no. 3w road roller
7. tractor-drawn
roller (1-d)
8. tandem roller
9. 5-T dump truck
b. vibrator rolling
a. static rolling
135 cm./hr.
24 cmph
a. vibrator rolling
6 passes-20 cm. lift
240 cmph
a. static rolling
6 passes-20cm. Lift
24 cmph
a. hauling common barrow

b. hauling selected borrow base course
3.5 cmpt
5 cmpt
NOTE: Cmph= cum/hour: cmpt= cum./truck
68
Table No. 9 Schedule of Work

Item
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
A1
A2
Description
Mobilization
Site Clearing
Construction of temporary fences
Storage
Layout and Staking out
Excavation/Digging for Foundation/ Footings
Gravel Bedding
Soil poisoning
Fabrication of Footing Rebars
Installation of footing rebars
Fabrication of Footing Tie Beam Rebars
Concrete Pouring on Footing
Installation of ground floor column form works
Installation of ground floor column rebars
Concrete pouring on Ground Floor Column
Fabrication and installation of beam at second
Floor, Form works.
Fabrication and installation of beam at second
floor
Concrete pouring on second floor beam
Fabrication and Installation of first floor
formworks
Fabrication and installation of first floor slab
rebars
Concrete pouring on first floor slab
Fabrication and installation of second floor
column formworks
Fabrication and installation of second floor
column rebars
Concrete pouring on first floor column
Fabrication and installation of formworks (beams
and girders)
Fabrication of installation of beams
Concrete pouring on second floor beams and
girders.
Fabrication and installation of second floor.(slab
formworks)
Precedence
None
A
A
B,C
D
E
F
I
H
I
I,G
D
K,G
M
N
O
Duration
8
2
7
6
3
4
12
2
10
6
6
8
4
4
5
8
Q
R,T
3
3
R,S
S,T
T
A28
X,A25
10
4
Y
T
15
5
Precedence
Duration
A1,Z
A8,A20
A4,A31
15
10
A4
Table No. 9 Schedule of Work

Item
A3
A4
A5
A6
Description
Fabrication and installation of second (slab
rebars)
Concrete pouring on second floor slab.
Fabrication and installation of admin column
formworks
Fabrication and installation of admin column
rebars
69
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A24
A25
A26
A27
A28
A29
A30
Concrete pouring on admin column

Fabrication and installation of formworks last
deck (beams)
Fabrication and installation of rebars last deck
(beams)
Concrete Pouring of beams on last deck
Installation of windows
Installations of glass wall
Installation of doors
Fabrication and installation of slab on fill
Concrete pouring of slab on fill
Installation of CHB wall partition on ground floor
Installation of CHB wall partition
Installation of carpentry works on second floor
Plastering and finishing of CHB wall and
partition
Installation of doors and windows glazing
Plumbing at ground floor
Plumbing at second floor
Tile setting at first floor
Tile setting at second floor
Installation of roof drain system
Column design and finishes works
Installation of fixtures
Finishing of floor thru red cement
Painting works
Demobilization
A5,A6
A7
5
8
A7
A9
A9,A8
A11,A10
A12
A13
A12
A15
A19
A14
A2
8
9
12
12
15
10
7
6
15
20
A16
A19,A18
A21
A19
A23
28
A5
A22
U
A23
A29
5
12
10
5
5
4
5
10
5
10
10
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
CHAPTER X
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
Preliminary Work Plan
After the materials are determined and the materials are canvassed, laborers and other needed
skilled worker for the project will be hired to start the project implementation will proceed and the
materials and equipment will be placed in the proper area which will be provided for them.
Preliminary Construction Plan

After the content is awarded and the notice to proceed (NTP) is received, meeting shall be
called up with the management team, the project engineer, the contractor, and the foremen who will
discuss the construction procedure, schedules, and other matters or factor affecting the
implementation of the project.
100
Construction Method
During the construction, the assigned engineer will supervised and give necessary instructions
to workers. Cleaning will be done first. Batter boards and construction of temporarily facilities are
done. Excavations for foundations will follow. Fabrications of steel bars will be done almost
simultaneously with excavation, layout of steel bars and formworks for column follows after concrete
pouring. After formwork is done in three days, laying of CHB and installation of doors and windows
is done after pouring of beams. Simultaneously with concrete woks for bleachers and stairs, steel
trusses will be fabricated. Construction of septic tank and planning installation will follow. Steel
trusses are installed after poured concrete to of roof beams is sufficiently cured and hardened.
Roofing work is done after installation of steel trusses and pulling. Tile work is done after concrete
pouring for slab on grade is entered. Painting work is done after plastering all walls, beams, columns,
and slabs. Electrical rough-in is immediately preceded. Cleaning out of site will be done before the
project is turned over to the owner.
Construction Work Plan

Division 1. Site Work
A. Work Included
1. Site Clearing including removal of bushes, stumps and grading of area
2. Installation of temporary fence made of barbed wire and sawali on wooden
post.
3. Staking out of building, establishment of lines, grades and benchmarks.
4. All excavation work including all necessary shoring bracing, and drainage of
storm water from site.
5. All backfilling, filling and grading, removal of excess material from site.
6. Protection of property work and structures, workmen, and other people from
damage and injury.
7. Temporary facilities and structures shall be constructed prior to execution of the
project to ensure the safety of materials and workers
101
A. Lines, Grades and Benchmarks

a. Stake out accurately the lines of the building and of the other structures
included in the contract, and establish grades therefore, after which secure
approval by engineer before any excavation work is commenced.
b. Erect basic batter boards and basic reference marks, at such places where
they will not be disturbed during the construction of the foundation.
B. Excavation
a. Structural Excavations Excavation shall be to the depths indicated bearing
values. Excavation for footings and foundations carried below required depth shall
be filled with concrete, and bottom of such shall be level. All structural
excavations shall extend a sufficient distance from the walls and footings to allow
for proper erection and dismantling of forms, for installation of service and for
inspection. All excavations shall be inspected and approved before pouring any
concrete, laying underground services or placing select fill materials.
b. The Contractor shall control the grading in the vicinity of all excavated areas to
prevent surface drainage running into excavations. Water which accumulates in
excavated areas shall be removed by pumping before fill or concrete in placed
therein.
D. Fillings and Backfilling
1. After forms have been removed from footings, piers, foundations, and walls,
etc. and when concrete work is hard enough to resist pressure resulting from
fill,
Backfilling may then be done. Materials excavated may be used for
backfilling. All filling shall be placed in layers not exceeding six (6) inches in
thickness, each layer being thoroughly compacted and rammed by wetting,
tamping, rolling.
102
E. Placing and Compacting Fill

1. Common Fill shall be approved site excavated materials free from roots,
stumps and other perishable or objectionable matter.
2. Select Fill shall be placed where indicated and shall consist of crushed
gravel crushed rock, or combinations thereof. The material shall be free from
adobe, vegetable matters and shall be thoroughly tamped after placing.
3. Before placing fill materials, the surface upon which it will be placed shall be
cleared of all brush roots, and debris, scattered and thoroughly wetted to
insure good bonding between the grounds.
F. Disposal of Surplus Materials
1. Any excess material remaining after completion of the earthwork shall be
disposed of by hauling and spreading in nearby spoil areas designated by
the owner. Excavated material deposited in spoil areas shall be graded to a
uniform surface.
Division 2. Concrete
II. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
General
1. Unless otherwise specified herein, concrete work shall conform to the
requirements of the ACI Building Code. Full cooperation shall be given other
trades to install embedded items. Provisions shall be made for setting items
not placed in the forms. Before concrete is placed, embedded items shall
have been inspected and tested for concrete aggregates and other materials
shall have been done.
2. Cement for the concrete specified herein, concrete work shall conform to the
requirements of specification for Portland cement (ASTM C-150).
3. Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from other injurious
amounts of oils, acids, alkaline, organic materials or other substances that
may be deleterious to concrete or steel.
103
4. Fine aggregates shall consist of hard, tough, durable, uncoated particles. The
shape of the particles shall be generally rounded or cubicle and reasonably
free from flat or elongated particles. The stipulated percentages of fines in
the sand shall be obtained either by the processing of natural sand or by the
production of a suitably graded manufactured sand.
5. Coarse aggregates shall consist of crushed gravel or rock, or a Combination
of gravel and rock, coarse aggregates shall consist of hard, touch, durable,
clean and uncoated particles. The sizes of coarse aggregates to be used in the
various parts of the work shall be in accordance with the following:
Size for all concreting work
6. Reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of ASTM standard
specification for minimum requirements for the deformed steel bars for
concrete reinforcement (A 305-56).
The main reinforcing bars shall be follows:
No. 4 ( Q) 12 mm
No. 5 (5/8 Q) 16mm

Proportion and Mixing
1. Proportion of all materials entering into the concrete shall be as follow:
Cement :
Sand
Gravel
Class A -
Class B
2. Class of concrete concrete shall have a 28 day cylinder strength of 3,000

psi for all concrete work, unless otherwise indicated in the plans.
3. Mixing concrete shall be machine mixed, mixing shall begin within 30
minutes after the cement has bear, added to the aggregates.
Forms
104
4. Generals Forms shall be used wherever necessary to confine the concrete

and shape it to the required lines, or to insure the concrete of contamination
with materials caving from adjacent excavated surfaces. Forms shall have
sufficient strength to withstand the pressure resulting from placement and
vibration of the concrete, and shall be maintained rigidly in correct position.
Forms shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar from the concrete.
Forms for exposed surfaces against which backfill is not be placed shall be
lines with a form grade plywood.
5. Cleaning and oiling of forms before placing the concrete, the contact
surfaces of the form shall be cleaned of encrustations of mortar, the grout or
other foreign material, and shall be coated with commercial form oil that will
effectively prevent sticking and will not stain the concrete surfaces.
6. Removal of forms forms shall be removed in a manner, which will prevent
damage to be concrete. Forms shall not be removed without approval. Any
repairs of surface imperfections shall be performed at once and airing shall
be started as soon as the surface is sufficiently hard to permit it without
further damage.
B. Placing Reinforcement
1. General Steel reinforcement shall be provided as indicated, together with
all necessary wire ties, chains, spacers, supported and other devices
necessary to install and secure the reinforcement properly. All reinforcement,
when placed, shall be free from loose, flaky rust and scale, oil grease, clay
and other coating and foreign substances that would reduce or destroy its
bond with concrete reinforcement shall be placed accurately and secured in
place by use of metal or concrete supports, spacers and ties. Such supports
shall be of sufficient strength to maintain the operation. The supports shall be
used in such manner that they will not be exposed or contribute in any way,
to the discoloration or deterioration of the concrete.
C. Conveying and Placing Concrete
105
1. Conveying concrete shall be conveyed from mixer to forms as rapidly as

practicable, by methods, which will prevent segregation, or loss of
ingredients. There will be no vertical drop greater than 1.5 meters except
where suitable equipment is provided to prevent segregation and where
specifically authorized.
2. Placing Concrete shall be worked readily into the corners and angles of the
forms and around all reinforcement and embedded items without permitting
the material to segregate, concrete shall be deposited as close as possible to
its final position in the forms so that flow within the mass does not exceed
two ( 2 ) meters and consequent segregation is reduced to a minimum near
forms or embedded items, or else where as directed, the discharge shall be so
controlled that the concrete may be effectively compacted into horizontal
layers not exceeding 30 centimeters in depth within the maximum lateral
movement specified.
3. Time interval between mixing and placing, concrete shall be placed before
Initial set has occurred and before it has occurred and before it has contained
its water content for more than 45 minutes.
4. Consolidation of concrete Concrete shall be consolidated with the aid of
mechanical vibrating equipment and supplemented by hand spading and
tamping. Vibrators shall not be inserted into lower coursed that have
commenced initial set; and reinforcement embedded in concepts beginning to
set or already set shall not be disturbed by vibrators shall not be used.
5. Placing concrete through reinforcement. In placing concrete through
reinforcement, care shall be taken that no segregation of the coarse aggregate
occurs. On the bottom of beams and slabs, where the congestion of steel near
the forms makes placing difficult, a layer of mortar of the same cement
sand ratios as used in concrete shall be first deposited to cover the surfaces.
D. Curing
106
1. General:
All concrete shall be moist cured for a period not less than
seven (7) consecutive days by an approved method or combination

applicable to local conditions.
2. Moist Curing The surface of the concrete shall be kept continuously wet
by covering with burlap plastic or other approved materials thoroughly
saturated with water and keeping the covering wet spraying or intermittent
hosing.
E. Finishing
1. Concrete surfaces shall not be plastered unless otherwise indicated. Exposed
concrete surfaces shall be formed with plywood, and after removal of forms,
the surfaces shall be smooth, true to line and shall present or finished
appearance except for minor defects which can be easily be repaired with
patching with cement mortar, or can be grounded to a smooth surface to
remove all joint marks of the form work.
2. Concrete slabs on fill The concrete slabs on fill shall be laid on a prepared
foundation consisting of subgrade and granular fill with thickness equal to
the thickness of overlaying slab except as indicated otherwise.
Division III. Structural Steel
Execution
Welding Techniques
a.
Conform the technique of welding employed, the appearance and

quality of weld made, the methods used in correcting defective work to
the requirements of the standard Code for Welding in building
Construction of the American Welding Society.
a.
Make surfaces to be welded free from loose scale, slag, rust grease,
paint and any other foregoing material except that mill scale which
withstands vigorous wire brushing may remain.
b.
Prepare edges by cutting, whenever practicable, cut by a mechanically

guided torch.
107
c.
Let gas cut edges which will be subjected to substantial stress or which
are to have weld metal deposited on them be free from gouges. Remove
by grinding any gouges that remain from cutting.
d.
In assembling and joining parts of structure or of built-up members,

avoid needless distortion and minimize shrinkage stresses. Where it is
impossible to avoid high residual stresses in the closing welds of a rigid
assembly, make closing welds in compression elements.
Bolts
a.
Tighten all bolts to a bolt tension not less than the proof load given in
the applicable ASTM specifications for the type of bolt used.
b.
Do tightening with properly calibrated wrenches or by the turn-of-nut

method.
Shop Painting
a.
Clean all steelwork specified for painting by hard-ware brushing, or

other methods chosen by the fabricator for cleaning loose mill scale,
loose rust, weld slag, or flux deposit, dirt and other foreign matter after
inspection, approval, and before leaving the shop.
b.
Give all steelwork except those to be encased in concrete one coat of

shop paint.
c.
Remove oil and grease deposits by solvent.
d.
Do not paint steelwork that is to be encased in concrete. Clean oil or

grease or with solvent cleaners. Remove dirt and foreign materials by
thorough sweeping with fiber brush.
Masonry Works
1. Concrete hollow Blocks shall have a minimum face shell thickness of 1
(.025). Nominal size shall be 6x 8x16 minimum compressive strength
shall be as follows:
108
All units shall be stored for a period of not less than 28 days (including
curing period) and shall not be delivered to the job site prior to that time
unless the strengths equal or exceed those mentioned in this specification.
2. Wall reinforcement shall be no. 3 (3/8) or 10 mm steel bars.
3. Sand shall be river sand, well screened, clean, hard, sharp siliceous, free
from loam, silt or other impurities, composed of grains of varying sizes
within the following limits:
4. Cement shall be standard Portland cement, ASTM C 150 68 Type 1.
5. Mortar Mix mortar from 3 to 5 minutes in such qualities as needed for
immediate use. Re tampering will not be permitted if mortar stiffens because of
pre mature setting. Discard such materials as well as those, which have not been
used within one hour after mixing.
Proportioning Mix mortar shall be one (1) part Portland cement and two (2)
parts sand by volume but not more than one (1) part Portland cement and three
(3) Parts of sand by volume.
Erection
1. All masonry shall be laid plumb, true to line, with level and accurately spaced
Courses, and with each course breaking joint with the source below. Bond shall
be kept plumb throughout; corners and reveals shall be plumb and true. Units
with greater than 12 percent absorption shall be wet before lying. Work required
to be built in with masonry, including anchors, wall plugs and accessories, shall
be built in as the erection progresses.
2. Masonry Units each course shall be solidly bedded n Portland cement mortar. All
units shall be damp when laid units shall be showed into place not laid, in a full
bed of unfurrowed mortar. All horizontal and vertical points shall be completely
filled with mortar when and as laid. Each course shall be bonded at corners and
inter- sections. No cells shall be left open in the face surfaces. All cells shall be
filled up with mortar for exterior walls. Units terminating against beam or slab
109
soffits shall be wedged tight with mortar. Do not lay cracked, broken or defaced
block.
3. Lintels shall be of concrete and shall be re-enforced as shown in the drawings.
Lintels shall have minimum depth of .20 ( 8) and shall extend at least .20 (8) on
each side of opening.
Workmanship and Installation
4. Plastering: Clean and evenly wet surfaces. Apply scratch coat with sufficient
force to form good keys. Cross scratch coat upon attaining its initials set; keep
damp. Apply brown coat after scratch coat has seat at least 24 hours after scratch
coat application. Lightly scratch brown coat; keep moist for 2 days ; allow to dry
out. Do not apply finish until brown coat has seasoned for 7 days. Just before
applying coat, wet brown at again. Float finish coat to true even surface; travel in
manner that will force sand particles down into plaster; with final troweling,
leave surfaces barnished smooth, free from rough areas, trowel marks, cheeks,
other blemishes. Keep finish coat moist for at least 2 days; thereafter protect
against rapid drying until properly, thoroughly cured.
5. Pea Gravel Washout: Before start of work, provide desired pitch for drainage.
Roughen concrete surface with pick or similar tool. Clean off loose particles and
other materials, which may prevent bond, keep surface width for at least 4 hours
before applying. Scratch coat or mortar. Coat not more than thick. Apply
mixture of pea gravel and Portland cement with pressure to obtain solid adhesion.
Trowel pea gravel to hard, smooth, even plane and rod and float to uniform
surface of even texture. When surface is semi-dry evenly spray surfaces with
clean water with spray machine to wash out loose cement to part exposed pea
gravel. Remove and wash down remaining cement paste with soft brush, to leave
pea gravel in its naturals texture and appearance. Before applying pea gravel
finish, submits samples to owner for approval.
110
Scaffoldings
Provide all scaffolding required for masonry work, including cleaning down on
completion, remove.
Vitrified Floor Installation
6. Do not start floor tilling occurring in space requiring both floor and wall tile
setting has been completed.
7. Before spreading setting bed, establish border lines center wires in both
directions to permit laying pattern with minimum of cut tiles. Lay floors without
borders from centerline outward. Make adjustment at walls.
8. Clean concrete sub floor and moisten it without soaking. Sprinkle dry cement
over surface. Spread setting bed mortar on concrete and tamp to assure good
bond over the entire area then screed to smooth, level bed. Set average setting
bed thickness at 3/4 but never less than .
Wall Tile Installation
9. Scratch coat for application as foundation coat shall be at most . While still
plastic, deeply score scratch coat or scratch and cross scratch. Protect scratch coat
and keep reasonably moist within seasoning period. Use mortar for scratch; float
coats, within one hour after mixing. Retampering of partially hardened mortar is
not permitted. Set scratch coat shall be cured for at least 2 days before starting
tile setting.
10. For float coat use one part Portland cement, one part hydrated lime (optional), 3
part sand.
11. Setting Wall Tiles Soak wall tile thoroughly in clean water before setting. Set
wall tile by trowelling neat Portland cement skim coat on float coat or apply skim
coat to back of each tile unit. Immediately float tile in place. Make joints straight,
level and perpendicular. Maintain vertical joints plumb.
12. Grouting-Grout joints in wall tile with neat white cement immediately after
suitable area of tile has been set. Tool joints slightly concave, cut off excess
mortar and wipe from face tile. Roughen interstices of depressions. In mortar
111
joints after grout has been cleaned from surface. Fill to line of cushion tile bases
or covers with mortar. Make joints between wall tile, plumbing and other built in
fixtures with light colored caulking. Immediately after grout has had its initial set,
give tile wall surfaces protective coat of non-corrosive soap.
Division V. Carpentry and Millworks

Treatment of the lumber
a. All concealed lumber shall be sprayed with anti-anay or bukbok liquid.
b. Surface in contact with masonry and concrete coated with creosote or
equivalent.
2. Door Sashes: All door sashes shall be well seasoned, flush type, semi-hollow core
and solid core, tanguile plywood veneers on both sides. Exterior doors shall be of
kiln dried tanguile panel doors.
3. Kind of Lumber:
All unexposed lumber for cabinet and framings shall be tanguile or the same equal
in strength.
All door jambs shall be hard lumber ipil or the same equal in strength.
Workmanship
1. Execute rough carpentry in best, substantial, workmen like manner. Erect
Framing true to line, levels and dimensions, squared, aligned, plumbed, well spliced
and nailed, and adequately braced, properly fitted using mortise and tendon joists.
2. Millwork accurately milled to details, clean cut moldings profiles, lines, scrape,
sand smooth: mortise, tendon, splice, join, block, nail screw, bolt together, as
approved, in manner to allow free play of panels; avoid swelling, shrinkage, ensure
work remaining in place without warping, splitting opening or joist. Do not install
mill work and case until concrete and masonry work have been cured and will not
release moisture harmful to woodwork.
112
3. Secure work to grounds; otherwise fasten in position to hold correct surfaces, lines
and levels. Make finished work flat, plumb, true.
Division V. Architectural Finishes Schedule

Flooring
1. Toilet floors and laboratory concrete nook shall be vitrified 8 x 8 white or
beige in color, mariwasa brand.
2. Concrete floor shall be plain red cement finished with 16 x 16 nail strip.
3. Corridors shall be black pebble washout finish.

Walling
1. CHB walling shall be plastered and lined with nail strip.
2. Toilet wall finish shall be of 8 x 8 white glazed tiles.
Ceilings
1. All interior and exterior ceilings shall be of 3/16 x 4 x8 cement boards with
x1x2 galvanized metal furring ceiling joist spaced at 60 cm OC bothways.
2. Outside ceiling eaves shall be with air vents covered with square screen as
shown in the plan.
Doors
1. Al entrance and exit doors for classroom and office shall be solid panel door
complete with heavy duty lockset and hinges.
2. All toilet doors shall be uPVC plastic doors.
Bring float coat flush with screeds or temporary guide strips placed to give true
and even surface at proper distance from the tile finished face.
3. All exterior doors shall be panel doors.
Windows
113
1. All windows shall be smoke glass jalousie type with rectangular 2x4
aluminum jambs secured with 12 mm square steel grills spaced at 6x6, framed
with 4.5 mmx25mm x25mm angular bar.
Division VII. Roofing and Tinsmithing Works
1. Roof Sheathing shall be longspan pre-painted rib type galvamast gauge 26 roofing.
Color shall be upon approval of the owner.
Flashings shall be of gauge 26 plain G.I sheets.
Installation Workmanship
1. Sheathing layout the roofing sheets in a manner that the side overlap faces away from
the Prevailing wind. Provide not less than 0.30m develop on ends and not less than 1
1/2 corrugation on side laps on both sides. Secure the roofing sheets to purlins by
using self driven Tekscrew.
2. Flashing shall be plain G.I sheet over rib-type roofing of not less than 0.30 overlap
Extend G.I flashing until it covers the top portion of the firewall.
Division VII. Plumbing and Sanitary Works

Installation
1. Install plumbing fixtures free and open to afford easy access for cleaning.
2. Install plumbing fixtures as indicated on drawings, furnishing all brackets, cleats,
Plates and anchors required to support fixtures rigidly in place.
3. Install all fixtures and accessories in locations directed in accordance with
manufacturers instructions, minimizing pipe fittings.
4. Protect items with approval means to maintain perfect conditions. Remove work
damaged or defective and replace with perfect work without extra cost to owner.
5. All sewer and drainage pipes shall have a minimum slope 1%.
6. Vertical pipes shall be secured strongly by hooks to building framing. Provide suitable
bracket or chairs at the floors from which they start.
114
Where an end or circuit vent pipe from any fixtures or line of fixtures is connected to a
vent line serving other fixtures, connection shall be at least four (4) feet 1.20m above
floor in which fixtures are located, to prevent use of any vent line as a waste.
Horizontal pipes shall be supported by well-secured straphangers.
7. Connection of water closets to soil pipe shall be made by means of flanged plates and
asbestos packing without use of rubber putty of cement.
8. Make all joints air and water - tight; for jointing pipes, the following shall be used.
a. For PVC sewer pipes, caulk with PVC sealant.
b. Concrete pipes: bell and spigot or tongue and groove use yarning materials
and
Cement mortar.
c. UPVC Pipes-Use Teflon Tape or white lead when tightening threaded joints.
Rough In
1. Provide correctly located opening of proper sizes where required in walls and floors for
passed of pipes.
2. All times to be embedded in concrete shall be thoroughly clean and free from all rust,
scale and paint.
3. All changes in pipes sizes on soil, wash and drain lines shall be provided with reducing
fittings or recesses reducers. For changes in pipes sizes provide reducing fittings.
4. High corrosive nature ground within site shall be taken into account by plumber.
Protective features shall be installed to prevent corrosion or all water pipes installed
underground.
5. Extend piping to all fixtures, outlets an equipment from gate valves installed in the
branch near the riser.
6. All pipes shall be cut accurately to measurements, and worked into place without
springing or forcing.
7. Care shall be taken as not to weaker structural portion of the building.
115
Division IX. Painting Works

Scope of Work
1. Consists of furnishing all items, articles, materials tools, equipment, labor
scaffoldings, ladders, methods and other incidentals necessary and required for the
satisfactory completion of the work.
2. It covers complete painting and finishing of wood, plasters, concrete, metal or other
surfaces exterior or interior of building.
General Painting and surface finishing shall be interpreted to mean and include Sealers,
primers, fillers, intermediate and finish coats, emulsions, varnish, shellac, stain or
enamels.
1. All paint and accessory materials incorporated in or forming apart thereof shall be
subject to the prior approval and selection for color, tint, finish or shade by the
Architect.
2. In connection with the owners determination of color or tint of any particular surface
The depth of any color or tint selected or required shall in no instance be a subject for
an additional cost of the owner.
3. Painting of all surfaces, except as otherwise specified shall be three (3) coat work, one
primer and a finish cost.
1. All materials shall meet the requirements of paint materials under classification
Class A as prepared by the institute of Science Manila, use BOYSEN
2. All paint shall be recommended by the manufacturer for the use intended and shall be
delivered to the jobsite in original containers with seals unbroken and labels intact.
3. Painting materials such as Linseed oil, turpentine, thinner, shellac, lacquer, etc. shall
be pure and of the highest quality obtainable and shall bear the manufacturers label
on each container or package.
4. Except for ready mixed materials in original containers, all mixing shall be done in
the jobsite. No materials are to be reduced, changed or mixed except as specified by
manufacturer of said materials.
116
5. Storage and Protection the resident engineer shall designate a place for the storage of
paint materials whenever it may be necessary to change this designated storage place,
the contractor shall promptly move to the new location. The storage space shall be
adequate protected from damage and paint. Paint shall be covered at all times and
safeguards taken to prevent fire.
6. All surfaces to be painted shall be examined carefully before beginning any work and
see that all work of other trades or subcontractors are installed in work manlike
condition to receive paint, stain or particular finish.
7. Before proceeding with any painting or finishing, thoroughly clean, sand and seal if
necessary by removing from all surfaces all dust, dirt, grease, or other foreign
substances which would affect either the satisfactory execution or permanency of the
work. Such cleaning of shall be done after the general cleaning executed under the
separate division of the work.
8. No work shall be done under conditions that are unsuitable for the production of good
results, nor at any time when the plastering is in progress or is being cured, or not dry.
9. Only skilled painters shall be employed in the work. All workmanship shall be
executed in accordance with the best acceptable practices.
10. Finish hardware, lighting fixtures, plates and other similar items shall be removed by
workmen skilled in these trades, or otherwise protected during panting operation and
reposition upon completion of each space.
11. Neither paint nor any other finish treatment shall be applied over wet or damp
surfaces. Allow at least two (2) days for drying preceding coat before applying
succeeding coat.
12. Begin work only when resident Engineer has inspected and approved prepared
surface. Otherwise no credit for coat applied shall be given. The contractor shall
assume responsibility to recoat work in question. Notify engineer when particular coat
applied is complete, ready for inspection and approval.
Preparation of Surfaces
117
1. For bricks, concrete, cement or concrete blocks; cut out scratches, cracks abrasion
in plaster surfaces, openings and adjoining trim as required. Fill flush adjoining
plaster surface. When dry; and smooth and seal before priming coat application.
2. Tint plaster priming coat to approximate shade of final coat. Touch up section spots
in plaster or cement after first coat application, before applying second coat, to
produce even result in finish coat. Secure color schedules for rooms before priming
walls.
3. In cases of presence of high alkali conditions, neutralize surfaces by washing with
zinc Sulphate solution (3 pounds to a gallon of water). Allow to dry thoroughly,
brush free of crystals before priming.
4. Tiny undercoats of paint and enamel to same or approximate coat shade.
5. Sand smoothly woodwork to be finished with enamel or varnish; clean surface
before proceeding with first coat application. Use fine sand paper between coats on
enamel or varnish finish applied to wood to produce even smooth finish.
Varnishing
1. Sand wood surfaces with fine grade sand paper.
2. Do necessary puttying of nail holes, cracks etc. after first coat with putty of color to
match that of finish. Bring putty with adjoining surface in neat, workmanlike
manner.
3. Wipe paste wood fillers, applied in open grain wood, when set, across wood grain.
Then with grain to secure clean surface.
4. Cover surfaces to be stained with uniform stain coat.
5. Tiny undercoats of paint and enamel to same or approximate coat shade.
6. Sand smoothly woodwork to be finished with enamel or varnish; clean surface
before proceeding with first coat application. Use fine sand paper between coats on
enamel or varnish finish applied to wood to produce even smooth finish.
Wipe dust off with clean cloth dampened with lacquer thinner.
7. Apply wood filler as per manufacturers specifications.
118
8. Apply approved stain in uniform coats until desired shade is achieved.

9. Apply finish coat as per manufacturers specifications.
Fire Code Requirements
All interior wooden structures shall be applied with Fire stopper Fire Retardant
solution applied as per manufacturers specifications. All other requirement as of the fire code
of the Philippines as far as they relate to this project shall likewise be complied with.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Gillesania, Di.T. 2003, Structural Engineering and Construction. Third Edition. (Used as reference
material in the design computation). Pp. 150-250
Fajardo, M.B. Jr. 2000, Engineering Construction and Management Second Edition. (Used as
reference material in program of works). Pp.67-109
119
Fajardo, M.B. Jr. 2000, Engineering Project Estimates Second Edition. (Used as reference material
in estimates computation). Pp. All
Besavilla, V.I.Jr., 2007. Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete.VIB Publisher, #2 Saint John Street,
Don Bosco Village, Punta Princesa Cebu. Pp. 161-245, 412-423
Unpublished books:
Tabinga, DC., 2008. Proposed Design and Construction of a 3- storey Dummy Bridge at the Western
Philippines University Puerto Princesa City. Pp. All
120

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Structural Analysis

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PROJECT : Construction of WPU-CAST Building 2

LOCATION: WPU-PPC Campus, Sta Monica,

Design Criteria, Constants and Assumption

fc = specified compressive stiffness of concrete, (Mpa.)

Standards and References:

D 100 50mm cov ering

4.10 x10 6 0.90(21)(1000)(150) 2 (1 0.59 )

0.75 0.50 Two way slab

From the table (negative moment at continuous edge) case 4

Coefficient for dead-load positive moment in slab

Coefficient for the live-load positive moment in slab

Negative moment @ discontinuous edge equal 1/3 of positive moment.

Along short direction

Use 12mm. Bars

Use 12mm. Bar

Along the long direction

Use 12mm. Bar

Use 12mm Bar

max 0.750.0378 0.02835

Shear force that a concrete can carry

For nominal shear strength

Use 10mm. Stirrups

Checks on minimum area requirements

No. of 16mm. RSB.

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10mm. stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

Using 16 mm. RSB

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

Using 16 mm. RSB

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. bars

Check on minimum area requirements

148.78 50covering 198.78mm.

Using 16 mm. diameters RSB.

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. diameter stirrups

Checks on minimum area requirements

Using 16mm. diameter RSB.

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. diameter stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

Used 10mm. diameter RSB

Beam -1B, 8B, and 9B

153.93 50covering 203.93mm.

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. diameter stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

d 115.47 50covering 165.47

Shear force that a concrete can carry

Using 10 mm. diameter stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

d 196.18 50covering 246.18mm

Shear force that a concrete can carry

For nominal shear strength

Using 10 mm. diameter stirrups

Check on minimum area requirements

Limits of reinforcement for tied column