LLOYDS REGISTER OF SHIPPING

Guidance Notes for Module Lifting Criteria

-----------------------------------------1.0 Lifting Design Cases
1.1 The design of the structure is to take account of the following lift cases:
1.1.1 Balanced Lift - whereby the lifting sling origin coincides in plan view with the centre of
gravity of the structure, with the padeye loads to be direct function of their distance from the C.G.
In this case a load factor of 2.0 is to be applied to all gravity loads for analysis purposes.
Consideration may be given to reducing this factor for members clear of the padeye region where a
sufficient degree of structural redundancy is known to exist.
1.1.2 Unbalanced Lift - whereby the distribution of loads on the padeyes due to lifting is made
arbitrarily. Submitted calculations are to demonstrate the ability of the structure to resist any racking
effect generated by diagonally opposite sling legs carrying a disproportionately high share of the
lifting load.
In this case the lifting weight should be distributed thus:
75% of lifting load carried by two diagonally opposite padeyes.
25% of lifting load carried by the other two padeyes.
Each padeye's share of the respective percentage of load is to be
proportional to its distance from the C.G. of the lift as a whole.
1.1.2 Consideration will be given to a reduction in the degree of imbalance for cases where lifting
arrangements incorporate spreader bars, etc.
The design lift weight used for this case should be based on the lift weight including contingencies,
factored by a dynamic factor of 1.33.
Consideration will be given to the reduction of this factor to a minimum of 1.10 for heavy lifts.
1.2 Each of the lift cases given by 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 is to be considered as 'normal operational' in the
context of allowable stress.
1.3 Lifting padeyes are to be constructed from Grade D material.
1.4 Special consideration will be given to structures where the number of lift points is less than four.
2.0 Structural Appraisal of Padeyes
2.1 The following gives an acceptable method for the analysis of the padeye.
2.2 Padeye geometry.

2.2.1 The key padeye dimensions are shown in Fig.1.

2.2.2 The effective thickness, te of each cheek plate considered for the following padeye strength
calculations should be limited to the smallest value of:a. Half the basic lug thickness, that is tb /2.

b. Three times the weld length, that is 3Wl.

c. The actual cheek plate thickness, that is tc .

For items a. and b. above, any greater thickness proposed will be assumed to act as a spacer above.
2.2.3 The hole, diameter d, through the padeye should be finish machined after welding the cheek
plates to ensure a uniform bearing surface.
2.3 Load, directions of action.
2.3.1 Loading direction definitions are shown in Fig.2.
2.4 Padeye strength.
2.4.1 The allowable axial force on the padeye is the least of the following values where Fy is the
S.M.Y.S.:Shear = 0.60 (atl + 2 bte ) Fy

Tension= 1.08 (ctl + (D-d)te ) Fy

Bearing =

.87 d (tl + 2te ) Fy

The following limitations apply:1.0 < (

d
) < 8.0
( --------------)
( tl + 2te )

if ( d ) < 1.0, put (tl + 2te ) = d in the above formulae.

(-------------)
( tl + 2te)

2.4.2 The pin should be a reasonable fit in the hole, see fig.1 that is (d HOLE/d PIN) < 1,05. Should
a greater clearance be required the padeye may be treated as a curved beam under the action of a
concentrated force, or of a force acting over a small area.
2.4.3 The cheek plate welds should be checked for the proportion of the applied force carried by the
cheek plates based on the ratio of actual thickness and normally including half of the total weld
length.
If it should be necessary to utilise all of the weld length then the tension should be repeated with half
the cheek plate forces being transferred through the basic lug section.
2.4.4 Transverse and Oblique Forces should normally be dealt with where possible by re-orientation
of the lug axis to bring the forces coincident with the lug axis to bring the forces coincident with the
lug axis and then using the corresponding geometry relative to the new axis. If this technique is not
possible the padeye should be given special consideration.
2.4.5 Lateral Force. This force will normally determine the design sections of the padeye remote
from the region of the cheek plates. In the absence of a specific lateral force a value of 5% of the
design padeye sling force should be assumed to be acting at the edge of the pin hole, concurrently
with the axial force.