Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SIDPP
SICP
Shut in data
SIDPP
SICP
PIT GAIN
Page 1
Pressure stabilisation
TIME
SIDPP
SICP
1.
100
400
2.
200
600
3.
300
800
4.
350
850
5.
400
900
6.
450
950
7.
500
1000
8.
500
1000
9.
500
1000
10.
500
1000
Pressure stabilisation
SIDPP
1000
pressure
800
600
400
200
Stabilisation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
minutes
Page 2
SIDPP V SICP
SIDPP
SICP
CHOKE
MANIFOLD
Page 3
Pressure stabilisation
How long for shut in pressure
to stabilise?
FAST
PSI
Pressure
700
900
PSI
Time
SLOW
LOW
PERMEABILITY
Pressure
HIGH
PERMEABILITY
Time
Page 4
Influx
Height
{
Little or No loss in Hydrostatic
Influx
Height
Influx
Height
Page 5
Influx
Height
Casing
Drillpipe
Influx
Height
Page 6
Gas migration
Gas is lighter than the mud and
will try to migrate up the hole.
The speed of migration will
depend on;
mud properties- weight and viscosity
hole angle
pressure
800
600
400
200
0
Time
Page 7
pressure
800
600
Stabilisation
400
200
0
Time
pressure
800
ig
Gas M
600
400
200
0
Time
Page 8
ration
pressure
800
n
igratio
Gas M
600
400
200
0
Time
pressure
800
ig
Gas M
600
400
200
0
Time
Page 9
ration
500
500
Zero SIDPP
600
SIDPP
SICP
600
500
Time
Page 10
Time
Circulating system
(Slow Circulation Rate)
Page 11
2150
Well Data
MD (TVD) 10,000 ft
2300
Mud Wt
100 SPM
10 ppg
ACTIVE
Pump Pressure
= 2,300
Pressure Losses
Surface lines 150 psi
Drill String
950 psi
Bit
1,000 psi
Annulus
200 psi
psi
Hydrostatic pressure
= 5200
psi
BHCP =
5,400
Circulating system
Effects of Annular Pressure Loss (APL)
Increases BHP while circulating.
Static BHP
10 x 10,000 x 0.052 = 5,200 psi
BHCP
5,200 + { APL } 200 = 5,400 psi
Bottom hole pressure increases by 200 psi with
the pump running at 100 spm
Page 12
psi
Circulating system
Equivalent Circulating Density
BHCP expressed as an equivalent mud weight.
Circulating system
Circulating out a kick With Slow Rate.
Why?
Page 13
Circulating system
How?
Bit just off bottom
use drill pipe gauge on choke panel
rotate?
When?
At beginning of every shift
mud property changes
every 500 feet
bit, BHA etc. changes
Circulating system
What factors determine the SPM chosen to kill the well
Maximum pressure the pump can handle
Ability to mix kill mud
Size of choke and choke line
Viscosity of the mud
Page 14
Circulating system
What will the APL (Annular Pressure Loss) be at 30 spm?
100
APL30SPM = 18 psi
208
psi
30 SPM
Well Data
MD (TVD) 10,000 feet
Mud Weight
10 ppg
Hydrostatic 5200 psi
WELL SHUT IN
Pressure Losses =
Annulus
18 psi
Choke line very small
BHCP
Page 15
5,218 psi
Riser
Page 16
30 spm
0
200
0
Marine
Riser
Page 17
600
psi
Returns
Riser
Riser
Closed
Open
CL FL 200psi
(dynamic)
Subsea BOP
APL
Negligible
Before drilling float collar and shoe take normal SCRPs down
drillstring with returns up riser
Line up equipment and take SCRPs through chokeline (with choke
fully open)
CLFP =SCRPchokeline SCRPriser
Note: Regardless of method used, CLFP must be adjusted for
increases in mud weight.
New CLFP
= CLFP
Page 18
Page 19
Formation
Pressure
<
Mud Hydrostatic
<
Fracture
Pressure
Page 20
Formation tests
PSI
PSI
Formation Integrity
Tests
Purpose
To measure the fracture
pressure of the formation at
the shoe
To test the cement job
Page 21
ACCURATE FORMATION
STRENGTH (LEAK OFF TEST)
1-DRILL OUT THE CASING SHOE AND APPROXIMATELY
15 FEET IN NEW FORMATION (RAT HOLE).
2-TEST SURFACE LINES.
3-CIRCULATE TO GET UNIFORM MUD IN THE HOLE
MUT IN = MUD OUT.
4-EXACT VERTICAL DEPTH (TVD) OF CASING SHOE.
5-USE CEMENT PUMP.
6-ACCURATE PRESSURE GAUGE.
7-RECORD MUD VOLUME PUMPED TILL LEAK-OFF
STARTS.
Page 22
Pump Pressure
FRACTURE PRESSURE
= MUD psi + L.O.T. psi
Volume Pumped
Pump Pressure
Volume Pumped
Page 23
Pump Pressure
TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
Pump Pressure
TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
Page 24
Pump Pressure
TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
Pump Pressure
TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
Page 25
Pump Pressure
TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
Pump Pressure
Volume Pumped
Page 26
TREND LINE
TREND LINE
Pump Pressure
Leak Off
Pressure
Volume Pumped
TREND LINE
Pump Pressure
Leak Off
Pressure
FRACTURE PRESSURE
= MUD psi + L.O.T. psi
Volume Pumped
Page 27
Fracture pressure
PFRAC = (MWHOLE x TVDSHOE x0.052) + PLOT
MAASP
Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure
Definition
the surface pressure, above mud hydrostatic which will
cause the formation at the shoe to take mud (losses)
Page 28
MAASP
Calculation
MAASP = (MWMAX - MWHOLE) x TVDSHOE x 0.052
Page 29
Subsea Concerns
Reduced Fracture Gradients
Formation fracture gradient on land is
a direct function of the weight of the
rock overburden above.
1800 ft
8000 ft
Overburden
pressure S
= 1.0 psi/ft
6200 ft
.445 psi/ft
Offshore, an amount
replaced by seawater.
of
rock
is
RKB - 8000
EXAMPLE:
Land Well Overburden Stress = 8,000 x 1.0 = 8000 psi
Offshore Well Overburden Stress = (1,800 x .445) + (6,200 x 1) = 7001 psi
MAASP - conclusions
Use to determine drilling procedures.
Once the well is shut in there is little we
can do regarding MAASP.
Once the influx is in the casing MAASP
has no relevance.
Page 30
PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES OF
OF
KILL
KILL METHODS
METHODS
Page 31
PRESSURE BALANCE
BHP = HYDROSTATIC + BACK PRESSURE
+ 100
THEN
BACK PRESSURE
Page 32
- 100
CONSTANT BHP
FLUID HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE)
CHOKE (BACK
INCREASE
INCREASE
DECREASE
DECREASE
CONSTANT BHP
FLUID HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE)
INCREASE
CHOKE (BACK
INCREASE
DECREASE
DECREASE
Page 33
CONSTANT BHP
FLUID HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE)
INCREASE
CHOKE (BACK
INCREASE
DECREASE
DECREASE
ROLE OF CHOKE
THE CHOKE (REMOTE OR MANUAL) IS A DEVICE
FOR ADJUSTING BACK PRESSURE.
A KICK IS DUE TO LACK OF MUD HYDROSTATIC.
THE CHOKE PROVIDES A BACK PRESSURE TO
COMPENSATE FOR LACK OF MUD HYDROSTATIC.
WHEN HEAVY MUD IS PUMPED THE OPERATOR
REDUCES BACK PRESSURE.
Page 34
START UP PROCEDURE
THIS PROCEDURE STARTS THE KILL CORRECTLY.
IT ENSURES THAT BHP IS CORRECT FOR THE
KILL.
IF CARRIED OUT CORRECTLY IT WILL GIVE YOU
THE TRUE CIRCULATING PRESSURE.
HOW?
BRING PUMP UP TO SPEED HOLDING CASING
PRESSURE CONSTANT.
SICP=700 psi
Subsea BOP
500
psi
CLFL
200 psi
dynami
c
Pf = 5000 psi
Page 35
Ph = 4300 psi
(in Annulus)
APL
Negligible
ICP
SIKP
SICP
Closed
Valve
CLFL
200 psi
(DYNAMIC)
Kill
Line
Choke Line
700
psi
CLFL Returns
200 psi
static
Subsea BOP
APL
Ph = 4300psi
(in Annulus)
Pf = 5000psi
Negligible
BHP 5200psi
Page 36
KILLING METHODS
Page 37
500
900
0 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
Single circulation
Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
800
900
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
Page 38
Single circulation
Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
700
950
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
Single circulation
Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
ICP = 800
to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000
500
1000
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
Page 39
400
1100
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
330
1100
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
Page 40
330
1300
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
330
1500
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
Page 41
330
1000
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
KMW
11 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
330
0
Single circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, HOLDING
CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500 = 800 psi
Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
ICP = 800
to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
Hold FCP until kill mud reaches surface
When kill mud at the surface SICP will
be ZERO.
30 SPM
Page 42
0
0
Single circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, HOLDING
CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500 = 800 psi
Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
from ICP = 800 to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
Hold FCP until kill mud reaches
surface
When kill mud at the surface SICP will
be ZERO.
When pump shut off Both pressures
will be ZERO
0 SPM
Casing Pressure
1500
1000
500
0
0
Stks x 100
Page 43
10 11
FCP = SCR X
800
SIDPP
330
0
STROKES TO BIT
Drillers method
Page 44
KILL MUD
OLD MUD
Drillers method
2 circulations
First circulation to remove influx
Drillers method
500
900
0 SPM
Well is Shut In
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10,000
Page 45
Drillers method
500
900
30 SPM
First circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
Drillers method
800
900
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000
Page 46
First circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g. =ICP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
Drillers method
800
1000
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
First circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed.
Casing pressure will continue to INCREASE
because of gas expansion.
TVD 10000
Drillers method
800
1500
30 SPM
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
First circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed
Casing pressure will continue to INCREASE
and INCREASE because of gas expansion.
TVD 10000
Page 47
Drillers method
800
500
30 SPM
First circulation
Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed
Casing pressure will decrease as gas is
pumped through the choke, and finally will be
equal to SIDPP when all gas is pumped out of
the well.
Shut down HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
Drillers method
500
500
0 SPM
Page 48
WHAT IS IF?
Casing pressure is not equals to drill
pipe pressure at the end of first
circulation.
Still have gas in the well
ACTION!!!
Alternative Second Circulation
Second Circulation
Page 49
Drillers method
500
500
0 SPM
Second circulation
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Drillers method
Dec.
500
30 SPM
Second circulation
When pump to kill rate hold casing
pressure constant until kill mud
reaches the bit, drill pipe pressure
will drop from ICP to FCP.
From 800 psi to 330 psi
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Page 50
Drillers method
330
Dec.
30 SPM
Second circulation
When pump to kill rate hold casing
pressure constant and continue
keep it constant until kill mud
reaches the bit
Once kill mud enters the annulus,
switch to drill pipe pressure and
hold constant until kill mud reaches
surface
Casing pressure will continue to
decrease and will be ZERO when
kill mud at the surface.
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
330
Drillers method
0
30 SPM
Second circulation
When pump to kill rate hold casing
pressure constant until kill mud
reaches the bit
Once kill mud enters the annulus,
switch to drill pipe pressure and
hold constant until kill mud reaches
surface
Casing pressure will continue to
decrease and will be ZERO when
kill mud at the surface.
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Page 51
Drillers method
0 SPM
Second circulation
(the original Drillers)
When pump to kill rate hold casing
pressure constant until kill mud
reaches the bit
Once kill mud enters the annulus,
switch to drill pipe pressure and
hold constant until kill mud reaches
surface
Casing pressure will continue to
decrease and will be ZERO when
kill mud at the surface.
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Drillers method
Two circulations
First circulation with original mud holding ICP constant
Second circulation with kill mud following step down.
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
1500
1000
ICP
ICP
500
FCP
FCP
Stks x 100
Page 52
11
10
WHAT IS IF?
Casing pressure is not equals to drill
pipe pressure at the end of first
circulation.
Still have gas in the well
ACTION!!!
Page 53
Drillers method
800
650
30 SPM
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Shut down
SIDPP = SICP = 0
Drillers method
330
750
30 SPM
Shut down
SIDPP = SICP = 0
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Page 54
Drillers method
0
0
0 SPM
Shut down
SIDPP = SICP = 0
Kill mud
weight
11 ppg
Page 55
Loss of integrity
First action is to close the BOP
Vessel Motion
Displace the Riser and the Kill line
with kill mud.
GAS
Page 56
GAS
GAS
Page 57
GAS
Page 58
GAS
GAS
PRESSURE AT ANY POINT BELOW
GAS INFLUX WILL BE CONSTANT
Page 59
GAS
Page 60
Gas behaviour
Page 61
Drillers method
30 SPM
Page 62
Drillers
Page 63
Drillers
SICP
SICP
600
300
psi
10 ppg
psi
2900
10 ppg
3200
5000 ft
5000 ft
psi
psi
SHOE
PRESSURE
SHOE
PRESSURE
INFLUX
Page 64
MAASP - interpretation
Example
Drilling ahead in 81/2 hole with a mud weight of 11 ppg
Shoe depth is 10000
LOT data: 1000 psi with 11 ppg
MAASP = 1000 psi
When mud weight is increased to 12 ppg
MAASP = 480 psi
What should we do?
Indicator of procedures to be used
for example, how we react to a drilling break
Page 65
MAASP - example 1
500
1000
MAASP - example 2
500
750
Page 66
MAASP - example 3
500
750
Page 67
Page 68
Drillpipe
Casing
BHP
Choke plugging
Choke washout
Nozzle plugging
String washout
Choke Plugging
750
DATA
PROBLEM
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
2500
2000
Pressure
800
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Page 69
Casing Pressure
BHP
Choke Plugging
1200
1150
DATA
PROBLEM
Choke Plugging
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
INCREASING
2500
Pressure
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
BHP
When the choke is plugging, Casing, Drillpipe and Bottom Hole Pressures all increase.
Choke Plugging
750
DATA
PROBLEM
Choke Plugging
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
INCREASING
2500
2000
Pressure
800
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
BHP
When the choke is plugging, Casing, Drillpipe and Bottom Hole Pressures all increase.
Opening the choke will keep BHP constant, for a time.
Page 70
750
DATA
PROBLEM
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
DECREASING
2500
Pressure
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
BHP
When the choke is plugging, Casing, DrIllpipe and Bottom Hole Pressures all decrease
Closing the choke will keep BHP constant, for a time.
DATA
PROBLEM
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
2500
2000
Pressure
800
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Page 71
Casing Pressure
BHP
750
DATA
PROBLEM
Nozzle Plugging
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
Drillpipe Pressure UP
2500
Pressure
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
BHP
When a nozzle plugs, Drillpipe pressure will increase, Casing and BHP will remain constant.
DATA
PROBLEM
Nozzle Plugging
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
Drillpipe Pressure UP
2500
2000
Pressure
800
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
BHP
When a nozzle plugs, Drillpipe pressure will increase, Casing and BHP will remain constant.
Opening the choke will reduce BHP.
The correct course of action is to shut down and restart with a new ICP.
Page 72
750
DATA
PROBLEM
Nozzle Washing
RECOGNITION SIGNS
CURRENT OPERATION
2500
Pressure
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Drillpipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
BHP
When a nozzle washes, Drillpipe pressure will decrease, Casing and BHP will remain constant.
Closing the choke will increase BHP.
The correct course of action is to shut down and restart with a new ICP.
INC
DEC
Page 73
STAY SAME
Evaluate BHP
Review practices and procedures
IF
IF
Correct
Incorrect
How does the choke operator react?
IF
IF
Increase
choke size
Decrease
choke size
Decrease casing
(choke ) pressure
Increase casing
(choke ) pressure
Decrease
BHP
Increase
BHP
Page 74
Non-routine
techniques
Drillers and Wait and Weight only work with bit below the influx.
Other problems may
be;Unable to circulate
Hole packed off
Bit off bottom
No pipe in the hole
STRIPPING
Non Return
Valve
psi
Volume to Bleed
= Closed end Displacement
psi
Page 75
VOLUMETRIC
- WHEN OFF BOTTOM
- WHEN OUT OF HOLE
- WHEN BIT PLUGGED
STEPS
CHOOSE SAFETY FACTOR
CHOOSE WORKING PRESSURE
e.g. - 100 psi
CALCULATE WORKING VOLUME in bbls
ANNULAR VOLUME is at SURFACE PIPE
Page 76