Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDO-CHINA RELATIONS.
SUBMITTED TO-
SUBMITTED BY-
Anuj Kumar
B.A. LLB. (1st sem.)
RMLNLU
Roll no. - 36
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On the successful completion of this project I would like to express my sincere gratitude
towards my subject teacher Mr. Brajesh Mishra for his support and guidance.
Sincere thanks to my seniors and friends for being a great support throughout.
This section cannot be complete without acknowledging Dr. Madhu Limaya Library
(RMLNLU) for providing all useful information that helped me throughout my research.
- Anuj Kumar
TABLE OF CONTENTS
12345678-
Introduction..............................................................................page no. 4
Indo-China relations- a glimpse of past.................................page no. 6
Indo-China relations present scenario................................page no. 7
Problems in this relation..........................................................page no. 9
Prerequisites for success.........................................................page no. 10
Indo-China geographical overview.....................................page no. 11
Conclusion ...............................................................................page no. 11
Bibliography............................................................................page no. 12
INTRODUCTION
Long long ago, we all were taught to recite- hindi chini bhai bhai. Today India and China
are two major arising powers of Asia. Both of them are progressing in evry field, be it
economic, security, military strength with leaps and bounds. According to Canadian
business online indo-china relation will strengthen key relationships in the world's
second-largest economy, open doors for our small- and medium-sized businesses to new
opportunities and unlock long-term success for Albertans in China .
Chinese premier Wen Jiabao when visiting India recently when meeting with his
counterpart Dr. Manmohan Singh claimed that "The relationship between China and
India has experienced an unusual course of development over the past 60 years,"
The first footstep started on April 1, 1950 . India was the second country to establish
diplomatic relations with China among the non-socialist countries. In 1954, Chinese
Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Prime Minister Nehru exchanged visits and jointly
initiated the famous Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Indian Prime Minister,
Rajiv Gandhi's visit to China in December1988, facilitated a warming trend in relations.
REPUBLIC OF INDIA
POPULATION
1,210,193,422
1,339,724,852
AREA
3,287,240 km
9,640,821 km
POPULATION
DENSITY
382 km2
139.6 km2
G.D.P.
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
INDEX
0.554
0.669
MILLITARY
EXPENDITURE
US$45.785 BILLION
US$166.107 BILLION
MAN POWER
INDO-CHINA RELATIONS, A GLIMPSE OF PAST The cultural relations between India and China can be traced back to very early times.
There are numerous references to China in Sanskrit texts, but their chronology is sketchy.
The Mahabharata refers to China several times, including a reference to presents brought
by the Chinese at the Rajasuya Yajna of the Pandavas; also, the Arthasastra and the
Manusmriti mention China. According to French art historian, Rene Grousset, the name
China comes from "an ancient" Sanskrit name for the regions to the east, and not, as often
supposed, from the name of the state of Ch'in," the first dynasty established by Shih
Huang Ti in 221 B.C. The Sanskrit name Cina for China could have been derived from
the small state of that name in Chan-si in the northwest of China, which flourished in the
fourth century B.C. Scholars have pointed out that the Chinese word for lion, shih, used
long before the Chin dynasty, was derived from the Sanskrit word, simha, and that the
Greek word for China, Tzinista, used by some later writers, appears to be derivative of the
Sanskrit Chinasthana. According to Terence Duke, martial arts went from India to
China. Fighting without weapons was a specialty of the ancient Kshatriya warriors of
India. Both Arnold Toynbee and Sir L. Wooley speak of a ready made culture coming to
China. That was the Vedic culture of India.
Until recently, India and China had coexisted peacefully for over two thousand years.
This amicable relationship may have been nurtured by the close historical and religious
ties of Buddhism, introduced to China by Indian monks at a very early stage of their
respective histories, although there are fragmentary records of contacts anterior to the
introduction of Buddhism.
Gerolamo Emilio Gerini (1860 -1913) has said: During the three or four centuries,
preceding the Christian era, we find Indu (Hindu) dynasties established by adventurers,
claiming descent from the Kshatriya potentates of northern India, ruling in upper Burma,
in Siam and Laos, in Yunnan and Tonkin, and even in most parts of southeastern China."
The Chinese literature of the third century is full of geographic and mythological
elements derived from India. "I see no reason to doubt," comments Arthur Waley in his
book, The Way and its Power, "that the 'holy mountain-men' (sheng-hsien) described by
Lieh Tzu are Indian rishi; and when we read in Chuang Tzu of certain Taoists who
practiced movements very similar to theasanas of Hindu yoga, it is at least a possibility
that some knowledge of the yoga technique which these rishi used had also drifted into
China."
INDIA India, meanwhile, has launched its first aircraft carrier, unveiled on Monday. Thats
a challenge to China, the Global Times editorialized. China should speed up its construction
of domestic aircraft carriers, it said. The earlier China establishes its own aircraft carrier
capabilities, the earlier it will gain the strategic initiative.
India has tripled military spending over the past 10 years and in February announced more
spending, with a 14 percent increase in defense outlays. The border dispute between India
and China isnt as hot as the one between Japan and China, but it involves much more land:
India says China is occupying 38,000 square kilometers of Indian territory in Jummu and
Kashmir (the much-disputed region in the north of India that is also claimed by Pakistan).
China says India is occupying 90,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory in Arunachal
Pradesh (a state in northeastern India near Bhutan and Tibet).
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in July approved the deployment of 50,000 more troops
near the Chinese border, according to a report by the Press Trust of India. The new strike
force would include C-130J Hercules aircraft made by Lockheed Martin (LMT). One
problem: the price tag. Adding that many more troops could cost as much as 650 billion
rupees ($10.5 billion). A few days later, a Defence Ministry official told Bloomberg News of
a plan for an additional strike force near the Chinese border in the state of West Bengal.
towards their own borders, which was to be avoided at all cost in the Cold War
conditions of the time.
The key to achieving this partnership is to abolish both the Cold War mentality and the
concept of sphere of influence. India and China should not see South Asia or East Asia as
being solely under their respective spheres of influence. For its part, India should understand
that China respects the special role that India plays in South Asia and work with Beijing to
promote the development and stability of the region. Chinas active approach in South Asia
and the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation does not aim at eliminating the
influence of India; its involvement concerns the fact that it shares borders with South Asian
countries. If we judge a country geographically, China could also be seen as a South Asian
country, in the sense that the South Asian-influenced Tibetan Plateau comprises a quarter of
Chinas overall territory. Historically, culturally and geographically, China has had close ties
with South Asian countries and India does not need to be nervous about Chinas engagement
with the region. Taking economic development as an example, Chinas south-western
provinces, such as Sichuan and Yunnan, have strong interests in promoting business
connections with South Asia, as they see this region as a major market and investment
destination. Chinas investment in the ports of the region ispurely for commercial purposes.
This investment is important because China needs commercial ports on the Indian Ocean for
transportation across the region, which is very important for Chinas trade and its energy
supplies.
In turn, China should also accept the reality that India is an important player in East Asia.
India, as an emerging power, has been seen as an economic opportunity by many regional
countries. For example, the prime minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong , once commented
that the historical origin of Singapore was due to trade between China and India. It now
seems that history is repeating itself, as an opportunity exists for Singapore in linking the two
countries. It is natural for India to pursue its interests in the region, as East Asia is the most
robust economy in the world, particularly since the Global Financial Crisis.
Some Chinese intellectuals have expressed concern that India could ally with the US to
constrain China. Judging from developments since 2010, however, there is no evidence that
India has formed a strong alliance with the US to compete with China. For example, India
refused to join in the proposed quadrilateral security mechanism comprising the US, Japan,
India and Australia. Regardless of the effort the US has put into trying to draw India closer by
emphasising shared values and democratic institutions, Indian policymakers have remained
as neutral as possible and developed foreign policy based on Indias own national interests.
India has its own goal of great power status and understands that a good relationship with
China is the key to achieving it. Both countries are latecomers to the international system and
passive receivers of the existing international norms and rules. Hostility between these two
countries will only weaken the alliance between the emerging countries in attempting to
reform the global order
10
CONCLUSIONIn conclusion I would like to say that, even after years of independence, India is surrounded
by such silent enemies. Where a step mistaken can lead to war.
Ek tooti hui zanjeer ki fariyaad hai hum;
Aur duniya samajhti hai ki aazad hai hum,
Is daur-e-tarakki ne kya diya hume;
Kal bhi barbaad the aur aaj bhi burbaad hain hum.
Indian government should pay heed to its relation with China and both of the countries need
to understand that they are prerequisites to each other and good relations need to be
maintained mutually.
11
BIBLIOGRAPHYBooks
Websites
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indo-china-Relations
http://www.cnas.org/asian-power-web
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-16/china-japan-and-indias-asian-arms-race
http://www.mindworkzz.in/recent-developments-in-indo-china-relations.aspx
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/India_and_China.htm
12