-ingestion ->digestion ( mechanical digestion)->absorption ( small intestine)->

elimination
- oral cavity the mouth the teeth the tongue the salivary gland the oral phyrax
-the GI track : the phraryx , the epiglosis , esphoagus , small intestine , large
intestine ( colon)
-not part of the tube: the liver produce bile store in gallbalder , the pancrease has
the exocrine function the apendex they are all asseory structure and also salivary
gland.
- when you chew food its called mastication , chewing its physical digestion ,
chemical digestion it happens in the mouth too using enzymes breaks stuff down
(salivary amylase breaks down starch into sugar in the mouth )
- the gum are covers the maxillae and aveolar
-human has different types of teeth , adults have 32 teeth minus 2 =28. 8 insizers the
one in the front , 4 canines ,8 premolar( bicuspid) . 12 molars
-kids they have 20 teeth they dont have any bicuspids and only 8 molars
-the tongue has papillae the taste buds has the taste receptors on them. 40 taste
receptor per taste bud .
-3 parirs salivary gland the big one is parotid25% of the salivary they securet
amylase , submandibular they secret 70% salivary, sublingual 5% of the savliary .
-vast majority of the savliary is water 1 to 1 and half litter a day. various ion & buffer
the basic function of the saliva is to coat food and make it slippery . antibacterial
function. Mucan are glycoproteins make the saliva slippery
-paritinum , visceral paraitum is a different shape than the parietal pair , submucoca
Is gland blood vessel , the one that lines the luman is made of epitheal tissues .
connective , muscle , to submucocas , to mucosal to luman
-the way smooth muscle contracts
-bolus is when you digest food in the mouth and make it into smaller pieces and
swallow
-parastotic wave cause the ball the mouth down
-heart burn is caused by the stuff coming out of your stomach and the fluid in the
stupid in the stomach is very acidic. Esophagus spinctor .
-fundus the stomach the upper part of the stomach on the top of the stoamach
-the cardia
-the pyroeres is the lower part of the stomach .
- the greater curver is the outside
- the lesser curvercher is the inside
- the stomach is lined by rugay .
- no absorption of it in the stomach its only chemical digestion and break down
-pyloric sphincter squirts the juice into the duodenum
-mucosal layer of the staomach secrets muscus and gastric gland. Columnar epitheal
cells . esophagus is squamous . gastric gland is hydrochloric acid which make the ph
of the stomach 1 or 2 they also secret pepsin is a proteious it breaks down protein.
Stomach has the mechanical digestion the hydrocholoric acid and pepsin function to
denature protein
-acid chymae is
-mixture of gastric juice and the bullus

-gallbladder secrets bile to the dodum

-bile is made of chelestrol and triglercride , and bile salt, it function to absorption
lipids into the tissues
-pancrease release tryppsoin , secrets serveral enzyome lipiasis breaks down lipids.
Amylase breaks down startchs , and nuclease enzyme that breaks
down nueclac acids .
-pancrease secrets bicarbonate ph bout 8 the chamye is not acidic anymore
-gallstones are collection of chloestrol , diet is too much in fat
-fallceform ligmanent around the liver
- liver: metabolic regulation all the blood comes away form the small intestine goes
throught the heaptic portal to the liver and monitor the concentration of mineral&
vitamins. There are sinusoid in the liver. It also takes out toxin. Vitamin a d b is store
in the liver. Bile is made of water and ions billirum and bile salt including
cholesterol . biliruon comes from the spleen.
-epitheal linine of the small intestine
-they are called placaque circulaey are the ring of the body
-serious sorrsa layer
-the crypts are in the mucosal layer
- the function of the small intestine ( usually occurs jejuium ) absorbtion of the
monimors , if its not going to be abosrbe in the jejuium and ileum it will pass on to
the large intestine
-yellow thing in the villi is called lacteal , the lymphatic strutre in every villi
-microvilli ( brush border) is the shape of the cell the surface area
-the three thing contribute to the surface area of the small intestine is clique
circulate, villi , and microvilli
-faciliated diffison or active transport is wats happening here, if the thing is too big it
cannt be absorbe things like cellouse
-the large intestine 5-6 long . small intestine join to the large intestine in the lower
right quadrant near the apendex , ilioceal vale , the little bog is called cecum, feseas
is unabsorable material . the rectum is internal to the annal opening , rectum holds
the fecal material until secretion.
-the function of large intestine is recollect water through the fecal material , lots of
great bacteria that lives in the colon . some of them produce vitamin k and gets
absorb in the large intestine .
- if there is irraitation of the walls to the colon parastolsis speed up and cause
diahrreah , anything that slows down the parastolsis its going to lead to
constipation.
-how much gas do you produce in a day half a day , the gas comes from the bacteria
in the colon they are metaboliszing the things you eat and they are producing
methane.
-direticula( diverticuritis ) they are freakly assoicatied with too hard of stool all the
time . it puts the pressure on the colon of wall . lack of fibers they pouchs(
-apendex is a lymphatic nodule , it function to replenish the colon when the colon is
flush of its normal flora it inoculate with the normal flora again. Full of lympathic
secondary lyphod follicles. It could part of the immune system development. It could
be regconision of self so they dont attact their own .

-giardia lamblia is common in the creek and streams , its the most photogenic in the
world . it cause bad diahreah . they are protosis they go back in cysts and vegistatied