Networks: and Connectivity Repair

Networks
CAI - General Use White - Black
And Connectivity Repair
Networks
1. Networks & Connectivity
2. Modal Networks
3. Connectivity Repair Examples
1
Networks & Connectivity
Types of Networks
Scalar,
Random,
Gridded
Scale-Free,
Hierarchical,
Denditric
Terminology
Nodes
(hubs)
Links
Characteristics
Scalar Networks
Scale-Free Networks
Characteristics
Scalar Networks
Access Redundancy
Greater Link Length
More Nodes
More Resilient
Slow, Inefficient
Characteristics
Large Hubs
High Capacity Links
Vulnerable to Attack
Fewer Nodes
Fast, Efficient
Scale-Free Networks
2
Modal Networks
walk
transit
Streets
traffic
bike
Street Capacity Objectives

Speed
Volume
Street Connectivity Objectives
Parallel Redundancy - Emergency Services

Reduced Intersection Congestion
Transit Access
Pedestrian Environment
Economic Vitality
Big Pipe Engineering
Focuses on facilities,
ignores networks
14
Street Connectivity Measures
Link/Node Ratio
Intersections/Square Mile
Block Perimeter
Block Length
Street Density
Link/Node Ratio
Block Perimeter
Block Length
Street Density
L/N perfect grid = 2.5
Link/Node Ratio
Block Perimeter
Block Length
Street Density
300
500
Link/Node Ratio
Block Perimeter
Block Length
Street Density
500
300
300 + 500 + 300 +500 = 1,600
300
500
Link/Node Ratio
Block Perimeter
Block Length
Street Density
500
300
Link/Node Ratio
Block Perimeter
Block Length
Street Density
Connectivity and Scale: Both Matter

300
600
Link/Node Ratio = 2.5
Link/Node Ratio = 2.5
LEED-ND
(Smart
Location
Prerequisite)
LEED-ND
(Neighborhood Pattern & Design Credit 6:
Street Network)
LEED-ND
(Neighborhood Pattern & Design Credit 6:
Street Network)
Connectivity and Scale
400 Intersections/Mile
Blocks:
264 x 264
Pearl District - Portland
260- Black
CAI - General Use White
Connectivity and Scale

(hypothetical grid)
400 intersections/mile = 264 blocks


Pedestrians
pedestrian path index

shortest feasible route on streets & trails
straight line distance (as the crow flies)
2100 feet
500 feet
Path Index: 4.2
5 7 minute walk

home
1. active living
2. third places
3. convenience retail
5 7 minute walk
path index:
1.4
home
1. active living
2. third places
mile
5 7 minute walk
path index:
4.5
home
1. active living
2. third places
Ideal Block Size for Efficient Traffic Flow
330 (less than 528)34
Ideal Block Size for Pedestrian Access
330 (less than 528)35
Pedestrians and Block Length
Most critical barrier to pedestrian

connectivity: street crossings
Effect of Major Arterial
ped shed
38
Effect of Major Arterial
ped shed
ped shed
ped shed
Effect of Major Arterial + Superblocks
ped shed
ped shed
Transit
Arterial streets are too

fast and are poor
walking environments
Local streets are too

slow and can be poor
transit service
environments
Bus and Streetcar Transit
require collectors/connectors
Bicycle
Bicycle Connectivity:
spaghetti, not rice

(continuity)
Average Trip Lengths

6.01
50%
25%
Walk (0.73)
Bicycle (2.13)
Streetcar (5.41)
Local Bus (6.44)
Auto (10.29)
47
(2009 NHTS)
Wrap Up:
Whats wrong with suburbia?
Wrap Up: whats wrong with suburbia

Motor Vehicle Traffic:
Too many big streets
Too few small streets
Poor connectivity
Pedestrians:
Too many big blocks
Too many big streets
Poor connectivity
Wrap Up: whats wrong with suburbia

Transit:
Lack of connectors/collectors for continuity
Arterials are un-walkable for access to transit
Bicycle:
Few long, cross-town routes

Arterial crossing barriers
3
Connectivity Repair Examples
Superblocks
Salt Lake City
Fleet Block: 770 x 770
OPPORTUNITY SITES (draft)
WEST TEMPLE GATEWAY PROJECT AREA

REDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND DESIGN GUIDELINES
350
350
350
350
Fleet Streets Cross Section
OPPORTUNITY SITES (draft)
WEST TEMPLE GATEWAY PROJECT AREA

REDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND DESIGN GUIDELINES
Pedestrian Crossings
Boulder Streets
Canyon Street Midblock Crossing
Canyon Street Midblock Crossing
Arterial Corridor Retrofit

Arvada Ralston Corridor Plan
Arvada Ralston Corridor Plan
Arvada Ralston Corridor Plan (draft)
Pedestrian Crossings @ 330
Bicycle Network
(spaghetti)
Boulder Bike Network
The Boulder Creek Path
Arterial Grade Crossings

1996
Transportation
Master Plan
Increase non-auto
mode share
Hold VMT at 1994
level
83
April 18, 2011
84
Initial budget: $440,000 annually

April 18, 2011
85
April 18, 2011
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April 18, 2011
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Plan: 17
grade
separations by
2020
Actual: 32
grade
separations by
end of 2009
95
Boulder
Bike Mode Share All Resident Trips
1990
2009
9.1 %
15.9 %
Boulder
Bike Mode Share Resident Commute Trips
1990
2009
10.6 %
23.3 %
Downtown One-Way Pair Repair

Downtown Redmond WA
Downtown Redmond WA
1960s One-Way Pair
April 18, 2011
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Traditional Focus: Traffic Data
April 18, 2011
Redmond,
WA
105
Facility-Centered Approach
April 18, 2011
106
Redmond, WA
Consensus Goal:
creating a vibrant,
connected,
pedestrian-friendly,
downtown district.
April 18,
2011 East-West Corridor Study
Downtown
Redmond
107
Desirable Project Outcomes

D1.Pedestrian Improve pedestrian environment
D2.Mobility Clear benefits balanced across modes
D3.Circulation Improve navigation & circulation
D4.Transit Improve access to transit & transit operations
D5.Safety Improve traveler safety (all modes)
D6.Economics Improve storefront & retail environment
D7.Utilities Utility coordination, address future needs
D8.Investment Induce investment with good design
D9.Character Design creates a traditional main street
April 18, 2011
108
Undesirable Project Outcomes

U1.
U2.
U3.
U4.
U5.
U6.
LOS Reduce level of service any mode

Redevelopment Inhibit infill or redevelopment
Cost Infeasible or unaffordable project cost
Property Major negative impacts to property
Trucks/Buses Make Downtown inaccessible
Surprises Unanticipated negative consequences
April 18, 2011
109
One-Way Alternative
IMPORTANCE
MAGNITUDE
VH
4
3
2 D1
1
0
-1
April 18, 2011
CAI
Use White - Black
D3 - General
D4
D2 D6
D8 D9
D7
D5
110
VL
Two-Way Alternative
IMPORTANCE
MAGNITUDE
VH
4
3
2
1
0
-1
D3
D6
CAI D4
- General Use D8
White
D9- Black
D1 D2
April 18, 2011
D5
D7
111
VL
One-Way Alternative
IMPORTANCE
MAGNITUDE
VH
4
3
2
1
0
-1
April 18, 2011
U4

U3
U2
U1 U5
112
VL
Two-Way Alternative
IMPORTANCE
MAGNITUDE
VH
4
3
2
1
0
-1
April 18, 2011
U4
U3
U5
U2
U1
113
VL
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Reconnecting a Network
April 18, 2011
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Networks
1. Networks & Connectivity
2. Modal Networks
3. Connectivity Repair Examples
Thank You!
www.charlier.org

Networks: and Connectivity Repair

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Networks: and Connectivity Repair

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Networks

CAI - General Use White - Black

And Connectivity Repair

CAI - General Use White - Black

Networks & Connectivity

CAI - General Use White - Black

Street Capacity Objectives

Street Connectivity Objectives

Parallel Redundancy - Emergency Services

Big Pipe Engineering

Street Connectivity Measures

Street Connectivity Measures

L/N perfect grid = 2.5

Street Connectivity Measures

Street Connectivity Measures

300 + 500 + 300 +500 = 1,600

Street Connectivity Measures

Street Connectivity Measures

Connectivity and Scale: Both Matter

CAI - General Use White - Black

Link/Node Ratio = 2.5

Link/Node Ratio = 2.5

CAI - General Use White - Black

CAI - General Use White - Black

CAI - General Use White - Black

Connectivity and Scale

CAI - General Use White - Black

Pearl District - Portland

Connectivity and Scale

400 intersections/mile = 264 blocks

300 intersections/mile = 305 blocks

CAI - General Use White - Black

pedestrian path index

straight line distance (as the crow flies)

Path Index: 4.2

CAI - General Use White - Black

Ideal Block Size for Efficient Traffic Flow

CAI - General Use White - Black

330 (less than 528)34

Ideal Block Size for Pedestrian Access

CAI - General Use White - Black

330 (less than 528)35

Pedestrians and Block Length

CAI - General Use White - Black

Most critical barrier to pedestrian

CAI - General Use White - Black

Effect of Major Arterial

Effect of Major Arterial

Effect of Major Arterial + Superblocks

CAI - General Use White - Black

Arterial streets are too

Local streets are too

CAI - General Use White - Black

Bus and Streetcar Transit

CAI - General Use White - Black

CAI - General Use White - Black

spaghetti, not rice

CAI - General Use White - Black

Average Trip Lengths

CAI - General Use White - Black

Wrap Up: whats wrong with suburbia

Wrap Up: whats wrong with suburbia