World Applied Programming, Vol (2), Issue (12), December 2012.

515-522
ISSN: 2222-2510
2012 WAP journal. www.waprogramming.com

A Note on A New Two Variable Analogue

of Hermite Polynomials
Mumtaz Ahmad Khan

Naeem Ahmad *

Abdul Hakim Khan

Department of Applied Mathematics,

Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh - 202002, U.P., India.
Mumtaz_ahmad khan2008@yahoo.com

Department of Applied Mathematics,

Faculty of Science,
Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh - 202002, U.P., India.
naeem.math@gmail.com

Department of Applied Mathematics,

Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh - 202002, U.P., India.
ahkhan.amu@gmail.com

Abstract: The present paper is a study of a new two variable analogue of Hermite polynomials
which seems more natural than that of Hermite polynomials of two variables defined and studied
by M.A. Khan and G.S. Abukhammash [1].
AMS (MOS) subject classification (2010): Primary 47F05, Secondary 33C45.
Key word: Operational representations, generating functions, recurrence relations, Rodrigues formula,
special properties, relationship with Hermite polynomials of one variable and expansion of
Legendre polynomials of one and two variables in a series of Hermite polynomials of two
variables.
I.

1.

DEFINITION

Hermite polynomials of two variable H n ( x, y ) is defined as follows:

n
2

(1)r n! H n 2r ( x) x 2 r y n 2r
r! (n 2 r )!
r =0

H n ( x, y) =

(1.1)

where H n (x ) is the well-known Hermite polynomial of one variable [4].

The definition (1.1) is equivalent to the following explicit representation of H n ( x, y ) :
r

n n
2 2 r

H n ( x, y) = (2 xy) n

r =0 s =0

1 1
( n) 2 r 2 s 2 2
x y
2 2 r 2 s r! s!

(1.2)

In terms of double hypergeometric function, Hermite polynomials of two variables can be written as

n n 1
:0;0
2 , 2 2 : ;;
H n ( x, y) = (2 xy) n F02:0;0

: ;;

1
1

x2 y2

(1.3)

where for right hand side of (1.3), it may be recalled that the definition of a more general double hypergeometric
function ( than the one defined by Kampe de Feriet ) in a slightly modified notation [ see, for example, Srivastava and
Panda [5, p.423. Eq.(26) ]:

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Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

a p : bq ; c k ;
Fl:pm:q;n;k
l : m ; n ;

x, y =
r ,s = 0

a b c
j r s

j =1
l

j r

j =1
m

j s

j =1
n

j rs

j =1

j r

j =1

xr ys
(1.4)
r! s!

j s

j =1

where, for convergence

(i ) p q < l m 1, p k < l n 1, | x |< , | y |<

(ii ) p q = l m 1, p k = l n 1

max| x |, | y |< 1 if p l

| x |1/( p l ) | y |1/( p l ) < 1,

(1.5)

Although the double hypergeometric function defined by (1.3) reduces to the Kampe de Feriet function in the special
case

q = k and m = n,
yet it is usually referred to in the literature as Kampe de Ferit function.
The paper contains generating functions, recurrence relations, Rodrigues formula, relationship with Hermite
polynomials of one variable, some special properties, expansion of Legendre polynomials of one and two variables in
a series of Hermite polynomials of two variables and binomial and trinomial operator representations for two variable
Hermite polynomials H n ( x, y ) .
II.

GENERATING FUNCTIONS

The generating functions for Hermite polynomial of two variables H n ( x, y ) is defined as

e 2 xyt ( x

2 y 2 )t 2

=
n =0

H n ( x, y )t n
n!

(2.1)

some other generating functions for H n ( x, y ) are as follows:

c c 1
( c ) n H n ( x, y ) t n
c
2:0;0
, 2 : ;;

(1

2
xyt
)
F

0:0;0 2 2
n
!

n=0
: ;;

4x 2t 2
4 y 2t 2
(2.2)
,

(1 2 xyt ) 2 (1 2 xyt ) 2

k
2 2 2
H n k ( x , y )t n
(k ) n H k n ( x, y ) 2t ( x 2 y 2 )
= e 2 xyt ( x y )t

n!
n!
n=0
n =0

n=0 r =0

(2.3)

2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
H n r s ( x , y )t n u r
= e 2 xyt ( x y ) t .e 2[ xy t ( x y )]u ( x y ) u
r!n!
s
2

( s ) 2 p H s 2 p [ xy t ( x 2 y 2 ) u ( x 2 y 2 )][1 ( x 2 y 2 )] p
p!

p =0

III.

SPECIAL PROPERTIES

Consider the identity

e 2 xyt ( x

2 y 2 )t2

= e 2 y ( xt ) ( xt ) .e y

516

2t 2

.(2.4)

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

or,
n

2
H n ( x , y )t n
(1)r H n 2 r ( y ) x n 2 r y 2 r t n
=
.

n!
r! (n 2r )!
n=0
n=0 r =0

Equating the coefficients of t , we get

n
2

(1) r n! H n 2 r ( y ) x n 2 r y 2 r
.
r! (n 2r )!
r =0

H n ( x, y) =
or,
n
2

(n) 2 r (1) r
H n 2 r ( y ) x n 2r y 2 r (3.1)
r
!
r =0

H n ( x, y ) =

Similarly by considering the different identities we obtain the following special properties for Hermite polynomial of
two variables H n ( x, y ) as given below:
n
2

(1)r n! H n 2r ( x) x 2 r y n 2r
.
r! (n 2 r )!
r =0

H n ( x, y) =
or,
n
2

( n) 2 r (1) r
H n 2r ( x) x 2 r y n 2 r (3.2)
r!
r =0

H n ( x, y ) =

y
x
n! H n r ( ) H r ( ) x n r y r
2
2
H n ( x, y) =
r
!
(
n

r
)!
r =0
n

or,
n
n x
y
H n ( x, y) = H r H n r x n r y r (3.3)
2
2
r =0 r

n n r
2 2

H n ( x, y) =
r =0 s =0

n n r
2 2

H n ( x, y) =
r =0 s =0

n! H n r 2 s (1, y )(1)r (2 y ) r (1 x) r s (1 x) s
r!s!(n r 2 s )!

(3.4)

n! H n r 2 s ( x,1)(1)r (2 x) r (1 y ) r s (1 y ) s
r! s!(n r 2 s)!

(3.5)

n r
n 2

H n ( x1 x2 , y ) =
r =0 s =0

n! H n r 2 s ( x1 , y ) H r ( x2 , y )( y 2 2 x1 x2 ) s
r! s!(n r 2 s )!

517

(3.6)

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

n r
n 2

H n ( x, y1 y2 ) =
r =0 s =0

n r
2

H n ( x, y ) =

r =0

s =0

n r
2

H n ( x, y ) =

r =0

s =0

n! H n r 2 s ( x, y1 ) H r ( x, y2 )( x 2 2 y1 y2 ) s
r! s! (n r 2 s )!

n! H n r 2 s ( x, y )(1) r 2 r (1 ) r s (1 ) s x r 2 s y s
(3.8)
r! s! (n r 2 s )!

n! H n r 2 s ( x, y)( 1) r 2 r x r y r 2 s (1 ) r s (1 ) s
(3.9)
r! s! (n r 2 s )!

n r
2

H n (x, y ) =

r =0

s =0

n! H n r 2 s (1 ) x, (1 ) y [2( 1) xy ]r
r! s!

IV.

(3.7)

[(1 2 ) x 2 (1 2 ) y 2 ]s
(3.10)
(n r 2 s )!

RECURRENCE RELATIONS

The following recurrence relations hold for H n ( x, y ) :

H n ( x, y ) = 2ny H n1 ( x, y ) 2n ( n 1) x H n 2 ( x, y )
x

(4.1)

H n ( x, y ) = 2 nx H n1 ( x, y ) 2n( n 1) y H n 2 ( x, y)
y

(4.2)

H n1 ( x, y) = 2 xy H n ( x, y ) 2n( x 2 y 2 ) H n1 ( x, y )

(4.3)

H n ( x, y ) y
H n ( x, y) = 2n (n 1)( y 2 x 2 ) H n 2 ( x, y)
x
y

(4.4)

V.

RELATION BETWEEN

H n ( x, y )

AND

H n (x)

Hermite polynomials of two variables H n ( x, y ) is related by modified Hermite polynomial of one variable H n (x )
by the following relation
n

xy
H n ( x, y ) = ( x 2 y 2 ) 2 H n
x2 y 2

Now

518

(5.1)

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

H n ( x, y) = ( 1) n H n ( x, y )

(5.2)

For y =0, (5.3) reduces

H n ( x,0) = x n H n (0) (5.3)

and for x =0, we get

H n (0, y ) = y n H n (0) (5.4)

But

1
H 2 n (0) = (1)n 2 2n
2 n
H 2 n1 0 = 0.

(5.5)

So using (5.5) in (5.3) and (5.4), we obtain

1
H 2 n ( x,0) = (1)n (2 x ) 2n
2 n
H 2 n1 ( x,0) = 0

(5.6)

and

1
H 2 n (0, y) = (1)n (2 y ) 2n
2 n
H 2 n 1 (0, y) = 0

(5.7)

For x = y =0, (5.1) becomes

H n (0,0) = H n (0)

(5.8)

which in the light of (5.5), gives

1
H 2n (0,0) = (1)n 2 2n = H 2 n (0)
2 n
H 2n 1 (0,0) = 0 = H 2 n 1 (0)

(5.9)

Now
n
2

(1) r n! H n 2 r ( x) x 2r y n 2 r
(5.10)
r! (n 2r )!
r =0

H n ( x, y) =
and

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Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

H n ( x) =

d
H n ( x).
dx

If we denote

x H n ( x, y ) by x H n (0, y )

x=0
then

(5.11)

H 2n (0, y) = 0 = H 2 n (0).
x

3
H 2n 1 (0, y) = (1) n (2 y ) 2n 1
x
2 n
also

(5.12)

H 2 n ( x,0) = 0 = H 2 n (0).
y

3
H 2 n1 ( x,0) = (1)n (2 x) 2 n1
y
2 n
VI.

T HE RODRIGUES FORMULA

The Rodrigues formula for H n ( x, y ) is given by

n
2 2

H n ( x, y) = (1) n ( x 2 y ) .e

x 2 y2
x2 y 2

dn

xy
d
x2 y 2

.e

x2 y 2
x2 y 2

(6.1)

a formula of the same nature as Rodriguess formula for Hermite polynomial of one variable H n (x) .
VII. EXPANSION OF POLYNOMIALS
Some expansions of Legendre polynomials in terms of Hermite polynomials of two variables H n ( x, y ) are as
follows:
n
2

n k ;;;
2:0;0 k ,

Pn ( xy) = F0:0;0
2

k =0
: ;;

k1
(1) 2 H n 2 k ( x, y )
n k
x2, y2
(7.1)
k!(n 2k )!

n
2

n k ;;;
:0;0 k ,

Pn ( xy, z ) = F02:0;0
2

k =0
: ;;

520

x2
y2

,
1 z 1 z

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

1
(1)k H n 2k ( x, y) (1 z ) k
2 n k

(7.2)
k! (n 2k )!
where

1
(1)k (2 x) n 2k (1 y )k
2 n k
Pn ( x, y ) =
k! (n 2k )!
k =0
n
2

is the Legendre polynomials of two variables defined and studied by M.A. Khan and S. Ahmed [2].

VIII. BINOMIAL AND TRINOMIAL OPERATOR REPRESENTATIONS

In a recent paper in 2008, M.A. Khan and A.K. Shukla [3] obtained binomial and trinomial operator representations of
certain polynomials. Using their technique we have obtained certain results of binomial and trinomial operator
representation type for modified two variables Hermite polynomials H n ( x, y ) by using their Rodrigues formula.
Here we need the following results of [3]:
n
n
( Dx D y ) n f ( x) g ( y ) = D xn r f ( x) D yr g ( y)
r =0 r

(8.1)

(n) r s (1)r s n r s
Dx
f ( x) Dyr g ( y ) Dzs h( z ) (8.2)
r
!
s
!
r =0 s=0
n n r

( Dx D y Dz ) n f ( x) g ( y) h( z ) =
and

D D
x

(n) r s (1) r s n s
D x f ( x) D yn r g ( y ) Dzr s h( z )(8.3)
r
!
s
!
r =0 s=0
n n r

D x Dz D y D z f ( x) g ( y) h ( z ) =
n

The results obtained are as follows:

Let

xy
d
2
x y2

D1 and

D1 D2

d
uv
d
2
2
u v

D2 , then

x2 y 2
x 2 y 2 u 2v 2
u 2v 2

1
2 2
x2 y 2 u 2 v2
x2 y 2
.e
.e u v
e
=e
x2 y 2

2
2
n x y

u2 v2
r =0 r

Again let

xy
d
x2 y 2

D1 ,

d
uv
d
2
2
u v

D2 and

521

d
wz
d
2
2
w z

H ( x, y ) H (u, v) (8.4)
r
n r

D3 , then

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan et al., World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (12), December 2012.

D1 D2 D3

x2 y 2
x 2 y 2 u 2 v 2 w2 z 2
u 2v 2
w2 z 2

1
x 2 y 2 u 2 v 2 w2 z 2
x2 y 2
u 2 v 2
w2 z 2
.e
.e
.e
.e
e
=e
2
2

x y

2
2
n n r x y

s u 2 v 2
r = 0 s = 0 r
n n r

x2 y2

w2 z 2

H
( x, y) H r (u , v) H s (w, z ) (8.5)
n r s

and
n

D1 D2 D1 D3 D2 D3

( x 2 y 2 )(u 2 v 2 )

x2 y 2
x 2 y 2 u 2v 2 w 2 z 2
u 2v 2
w2 z 2

2
2
2 2
x 2 y 2 u 2 v 2 w 2 z 2
x2 y 2
.e
.e
.e u v .e w z
e
=e

2
2
n n r u v

s w 2 z 2
r = 0 s = 0 r
n n r

x2 y2

w2 z 2

H n s ( x, y ) H n r (u, v) H r s ( w, z )(8.6)

REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]

M.A. Khan and G.S. Abukhammash : On Hermite Polynomials of Two Variables Suggested by S.F. Ragab's Laguerre Polynomials of Two
Variables, Bulletin Calcutta Mathematical Society, Vol. 90 (1998), pp.61-76.
M.A. Khan and S. Ahmed : On Legendre's Polynomials of Two Variables, International Transactions in Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1,
pp. 135-145.
M.A. Khan and A.K. Shukla : On Binomial and Trinomial Operator Representations of Certain Polynomials, Pro Mathematica Vol. XXII,
43-44 (2008), pp.89-101.
E.D. Rainville : Special Functions, MacMillan, New York (1960), Reprinted by Chelsea Publishing Company, Bronx, New York (1971).
H.M. Srivastava and R. Panda : An Integral Representation for The Product of Two Jacobi Polynomials, J. London Math. Soc. (2), Vol. 12,
(1976) pp. 419-425.

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