The 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference

(APMC9)
in conjunction with
the 39th Annual Meeting of
the Korean Society of Microscopy

November 02(SUN) ~ 07(FRI), 2008

Jeju, Korea

Organized by
The Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM)

Under the auspices of

The International Federation of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM)
The Committee of Asia Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM)

CONTENTS

Welcome Address ............................................................................................................... iii

APMC and CAPSM ........................................................................................................... v
Committee .................................................................................................................................. v
Organizing Committee .................................................................................................... vi
Aspects of the Conference .......................................................................................... vii
Scholarship Awardees ................................................................................................... viii
Sponsors ...................................................................................................................................... ix
Venue .............................................................................................................................................. x
Conference Floor Plans .................................................................................................... x
Presentation in Conference ....................................................................................... xiv
Special Sessions ...................................................................................................................xv
Social Program ................................................................................................................... xvi
Exhibition ............................................................................................................................ xviii
Time table ............................................................................................................................... xix
List of Symposia..................................................................................................................xx
Program at a Glance
Oral Presentation......................................................................................................... xxi
Poster Presentation ................................................................................................. xxiii
Scientific Program ............................................................................................................... 1
Author index ........................................................................................................................ 163

ii

WELCOME ADDRESS
On behalf of the organizing committee of the 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy
Conference (APMC9), I wish to extend our warmest welcome to all the
participants here at the APMC9 (formerly known as APEM). The APMC is an
international conference that is held every 4 years under the auspices of the
CAPSM (Committee of Asia-Pacific Society for Microscopy), providing leadingedge communication in microscopy in the Asia-Pacific region. APMC9 is the first
meeting to extend its scope to all other areas of microscopy including SPM, AFM,
confocal, X-ray and near field microscopy. More than 700 papers will be presented
in 38 sessions during this Conference. The memorial symposium of professor
Kehsin Kuo, the former president of CAPSM, is also planned as a special session
of this Conference. All the members of the organizing committee sincerely hope this Conference will be
scientifically stimulating and profitable for all the participants, and that it will contribute to the
promotion of our understanding of microscopy as well as toward the encouragement of our
collaborations in this region. I would also like to encourage you to take extra time to explore the life of
the people and the geology of this volcanic island. When you leave Jeju Island, I hope you leave with
wonderful memories of microscopy and of the islands unique culture. I also would like to express my
sincere thanks to all our sponsors and exhibitors. Without their support, it would not have been possible
to arrange this Conference.
Hu-Chul Lee
Chairman
The 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference

WELCOME ADDRESS
On behalf of the Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM), I warmly welcome you
to the 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference, held in the Jeju International
Convention Center on November 2-7, 2008. In 2008, we are celebrating the fortyfirst anniversary of KSM since the opening of the first scientific meeting of the
Korean Society of Electron Microscopy (KSEM) on November 20 in 1967.
Particularly this year, the Korean Society of Electron Miscopy has been renamed
the Korean Society of Microscopy due to its wider scope of support for the various
research activities throughout the divergent fields of microscopy.
It is obvious that the rapid progress of new techniques in microscopies has led
to outstanding contributions in a variety of scientific fields, especially Materials
Science, Instrumentation and Life Science. Recently there have been major improvements and
developments in the various fields of microscopy, for instance in the areas of the aberration correction
and monochromation, probe microscopes, confocal microscopes and digital imaging. I am sure that
APMC9 will be an exciting meeting place where these valuable recent research achievements are
introduced and shared by all participants. It is truly a great honor for about 500 members of KSM to
host this internationally well known APMC9 conference.
Finally I hope that all of you will have a memorable and productive time learning more about the latest
scientific achievements while forming and renewing friendships among the participants from within the
Asia-Pacific region. Please enjoy the comfortable climate and beautiful scenery during your stay in this
wonderful and peaceful Jeju Island, located in the southernmost part of Korea.
Hwack Joo Lee
President
The Korean Society of Microscopy

iii

WELCOME ADDRESS
Together with the 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference (APMC9) Organizing
Committee, I like to extend a very warm welcome to the APMC9 at Jeju Island.
The program consists of a wide range of presentations covering the full extend of
microscopy techniques. I am certain all the participants will gain from all the
expertise present at this conference.
This conference will provide a good platform for net-working amongst the
experienced and young microscopists. The oral presentations are backed by a
strong array of poster presentations. In addition the exhibitors will share with you
their latest products and technology. Technical and application specialists will be
present to answer queries from you and assist you in optimizing the use of your
equipment.
The program also incorporated some social events like the Welcome Reception, Conference Dinner
and a half day excursion. This provides further opportunities for participants to understand and
appreciate the Korean culture and picturesque locations in Jeju Island.
I wish you a very fruitful week at the APMC9.
Mary Mah-Lee Ng
President
The Committee of Asia-Pacific Microscopy Societies

iv

APMC and CAPSM

When the 3rd International Congress on Electron Microscopy (ICEM) was held in London in 1954, the
International Federation of Societies for Electron Microscopy (IFSEM) was founded. It was agreed that
IFSEM should sponsor regional conferences in Europe (EUREM) and Asia, as well as the Oceania
Regional Conference (AORC). All three events are quadrennial but occur at biennially staggered
intervals. The AORC and the EUREM take place in the same year.
The first AORC was held in 1956 in Tokyo, Japan. The second AORC was held in Calcutta in 1965.
After that, the AORC was not held again until 1984. It was renamed as the Asia-Pacific Conference on
Electron Microscopy (APEM) and was restarted in Singapore in 1984. Subsequently, the 4th APEM
conference was held in Bangkok in 1988, the 5th in Beijing in 1992, the 6th in Hong Kong in 1996, the 7th
in Singapore in 2000 and the 8th APEM in Kanazawa in 2004. The 9th APEM will be held under a new
name, the Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference (APMC), on Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2008.
The Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Electron Microscopy (CAPSEM) started in 1984 at the 3rd
APEM in Singapore. The President was Prof. H. Hashimoto. The office of the President was succeeded
by Prof. Kehsin Kuo (1993-96), Prof. David Ryans (1997-2000), Prof. Makoto Shiojiri (2000-04) and
Prof. Mary Mah-Lee Ng (2004-present). The CAPSEM decided to change its name to the Committee of
Asia-Pacific Societies of Microscopy (CAPSM) in 2004. CAPSM was founded to foster the development
of all aspects of electron microscopy by supporting existing activities and simulating new ones. The
Committee supports and initiates specialized meetings, symposia and workshops. CAPSM also assists
individual researchers and regional research groups in meeting their needs concerning aspects such as
technical staff training while facilitating the interchange of information from prior meetings

COMMITTEE
The Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM)
President :
Hwack Joo Lee (Korea Research Institute of Standard & Science)
Vice President :
Sung Sik Han (Korea University)
Jeong-Sik Ko (Soonchunhyang University)
General Secretary :
Chang-Sub Uhm (Korea University)

Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM) Executive

President :
Mary Mah-Lee Ng (Singapore)
Vice President :
Makoto Shiojiri (Japan)
General Secretary :
Hing Hiang Lian (Malaysia)

International Federaton of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM) Executive

President :
Christian Colliex (France)
Vice President :
David J.H. Cockayne (UK)
General Secretary :
C. Barry Carter (USA)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Organizing Committee of the APMC9
Chairperson :
Hu-Chul Lee (Seoul National University)
Vice Chairperson :
Yung-Chien Teng (Yonsei University)
Hwack Joo Lee (Korea Research Institute of Standard & Science)
General Secretary :
Chang-Sub Uhm (Korea University)
Secretary :
Young-Woon Kim (Seoul National University)
Conference Operation :
Jong Ryoul Kim (Hanyang Univ.)
Miyoung Kim (Seoul Natl Univ.)
Program Organizer :
Jin Kim (Program Chair, Catholic University)
Life Science :
Sung Sik Han (Korea University)
Chang-Sub Uhm (Korea University)
Materials :
Chan Gyung Park (Pohang Univ. Sci. & Tech.)
Instrumentation :
Se Ahn Song (Samsung Adv. Inst. Tech)
Exhibition :
Youn-Joong Kim (Korea Basic Science Institute)
Financial :
Dongwha Kum (KIST)
Soo Jin Kim (Hallym University)
Publication :
Do Hyang Kim (Yonsei Univ.)
Im Joo Rhyu (Korea University)
Venue :
Hwa Ja Lee (Jeju Natl Univ.)
Byung Soo Chang (Hanseo Univ.)
Keesam Shin (Changwon National Univ.)

Members of Organizing Committee

Biology :
Kwon-Soo Ha
Materials :
Jae Pyung Ahn
Miyoung Kim
Medicine :
Yong Chul Bae
Su Ja Oh
Instrumentation :
HionSuck Baik
Dae-Hong Ko
Hwa Shik Youn
Exhibition :
Chun-sik Bae
Keuk-Rae Joe
Hee-Seok Kweon
Financial :
Chang Soon Kim
Hung-Yup Lee
Publication :
Sung-Mook Cho
Jong Seoung Yoon
Venue :
Chang-Hyun Park

Hyesung Jeon
Nam Hee Cho
Gyung Soo Park
Se Jin Hwang
In Sun Park
Pyuck-Pa Choi
Hae Seong Lee
Jondo Yun
Byung-Pil Cho
Ki-Woo Kim
Eung-Chun Lee
Jun-Ho Kim
Dong-Ho Moon
In Sun Kim

Byung-Kap Jeong
Geung Ho Kim
Byung Hyuk Sohn
Dong-Heui Kim
Kyung Ah Park
Moon Hi Hong
Joong Keun Park

Eun Soo Kim

Jong Ryoul Kim
Cheol-Woong Yang
Young Ho Ko
Hyunjung Shin
Wonho Je
Jun-Mo Yang

Woo-Sub Hwang
Young Ho Kim

Dong-Ryong Jeong
Young-Kon Kim

Soo-Sung Kim
Hong-Je Seo
Beob-Yi Lee

Jung-Hyun Kwon

Ki-Wook Kim

Young-Chul Yang

Korean Advisory Board

Rim Soon Choe In Young So
Sang Joo Kim
Seong Hwang Kim
Yen Tae Lee
Young Bok Roh
Tae Jeong Sohn

Jae-Hyun Lee
Woo Kap Kim
Jeong Hwan Seo

Eui Keun Ham

Hee Lai Lee
Young Chul Shin

vi

Wang-Hyu Lee

Myung-Kook Kim
Jin-Woong Chung
Chang-Hwan Chun

International Advisory Board

Alberto V. Amorsolo, Jr (Phillipines)
Sukumal Chongthumkun (Thailand)
S Thameem Dheen (Singapore)
Shichiro Miyazawa (Japan)
Allan Mitchell (New Zealand)
S.K. Sharmar (India)

Sunshine Chen (Taiwan)

M. Dani (Indonesia)
DouXing Li (China)
Ji-Jung Kai (Taiwan)
Ba Mynit (Myanmar)
K.A. Shoaib (Pakistan)

Kazuo Furuya (Japan)

Brendan Griffin (Australia)
Nguyen Van Man (Vietnam)
Fauziah Othman (Malaysia)
Heng Qiang Ye (China)

APMC9 Conference Secretariat

Young-Woon Kim, Professor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University,
e-mail : APMC9@plaza.snu.ac.kr
Phone : +82-2-880-7977
Fax : +82-2-883-8197

ASPECTS OF THE CONFERENCE

The impassioned members of the Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM) are working to organize the
APMC9 programs with the support of the Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM)
and the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM). The APMC9 meeting will be held
in conjunction with the 39th Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Microscopy. Microscopy has
become an essential tool for biological, engineering and medical research, as it has contributed to
increasing our quality of life worldwide. APMC9 will be a 5-day event that acknowledges the
contribution of microscopy to mankind in the fields of biological, medical, physical and
instrumentational science. Each day will begin with plenary lectures, which will be presented by widely
renowned leaders in microscopy, followed by 5 related topical sessions by various contributors.

vii

SCHOLARSHIP AWARDEES
Sponsored by

FEI Company, Hitachi High-Tech Co., JEOL Ltd., and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.

Daizen Watanabe

Milarosa Librea

Wisuit Pradidarcheep

Gan-Guang Liou

Lunjie Zeng

Guan-Chung Lai

Naruwan Saowakon

Pang Junxiong Vincent

Pauline Basilia

Bralee Chayasombat

Zubaidah Abu Hassan

Blessie A. Basilia

Yoshiaki Ishino

Lubos Danisovic

Normalawati Shamsudin

Su Hyun Kim

Yong Wang

Tae-Keun Kim

Tomoyuki Hasegawa

Su-Youn Lee

Sang Hoon Lee

Kim Long Yeo

Tzu-Tong Kao

Jun-Yeong Oh

Manussabhron Sethadavit

Shijian Zheng

In-chul Jung

Jaruwan Poljaroen

Sung-Dae Kim

Hyun-wook Kim

Naoki Hosogi

Guangming Cheng

Jee-woong Kim

Gang-Su Hyon

Yoshihiko Kurui

Nguyen Thanh Thuy

Han Sung Kim

Baodan Liu

SeongYong Park

Shumei Wang

Hui Xing

Raman Chandrasekar

Shunsuke Komatsu

Marya Pogorelova

Cai Wen

Akifumi Ono

Zonghoon Lee

Yu-Ling Huang

Chuan Zhi Yu

Fazilova Surayyo

Mikyung Han

Radek PELC

Chandra Prakash Prasad

Chu jang Hann

Farid che Ghazali

Siti Fatihah Binti Ariffin

Bon Woong Koo

Ih-ho Park

Xu-Feng Qi

Tan Boon Chiew

Voon Siew Hui

Shaza Azlin Abd. Razak

Idris b. Sharif

Nurhazwani Abdullah

Shee Shu Jin

viii

SPON
NSORS
The org
ganizing committee wouldd like to thannk the contribbutors for AP
PMC9

Sponsoor with exxhibition

FEI Com
mpany

Ca
arl Zeiss Co., Ltd. Korea

Hitachi High-Technologies Co.

OL Ltd.
JEO

Gatan In
nc.

TESCAN

Leica Miicrosystems Ltd

L

UMENT KORE A CO.

NIKON INSTRU

INTEC Corp.
C
for EDA
AX/TSL Inc.

ano Fine Tech

h
Na

NAMOTEC

Fisschione Instuments

ng Solutions
Olympus Soft Imagin

Bru
uker Korea

Nanoanalysiss
I
Oxford Instruments

KE
EY ONE ENGIN
NEERING CO. LTD

Alicon Korea
K
Pacific Co. Ltd

CO
OXEM CO.LTD
D

SEC Co. Ltd

Nanofacttory Inc

Boeckelerr Instrumentss, Inc.

JPK Insttruments AG

CAMECA
A Korea

Quorum T
Techonologie
es Ltd.

NT resea
arch

Seron Te
ech.

SAMCHANG TRADING
G CO.

National Center for Nanomateria

N
als Technology

Millbrook
k Instrumentss Ltd.

KOS Inc..

ung INC
Woomyu

IXRF Systems. Inc

Thermo Scientific

HREM Re
esearch Inc

ix

VENUE
International Convention Center, Jeju
2700 Jungmun, Seowipo, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 697-120 Korea
Tel : +82-64-735-1000
Fax : +82-64-738-8922
Web : http://www.iccjeju.co.kr/eng/

CONFERENCE FLOOR PLANS

xi

xii

xiii

PRESENTATION IN CONFERENCE
PLENARY LECTURES
The plenary session will start at 10:00 on Monday and 08:30 on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday in
the Halla Hall located on the 3rd floor. The plenary lecture is scheduled for 40 minutes.
P-01 (Nov. 03, 10:00~10:40, Halla Hall)
Wolfgang Baumeister
Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
Cryoelectron Tomography: Defining the Functional Modules of Cells
P-02 (Nov. 03, 10:40 ~ 11:20, Halla Hall)
A. Tonomura
Hitachi, Ltd., Japan
The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves
P-03 (Nov. 04, 08:30 ~ 09:10, Halla Hall)
N. Hirokawa,
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
The Molecular Motors, Key for Life: Structure, Dynamics, and Functions
P-04 (Nov. 05, 08:30 ~ 09:10, Halla Hall)
Lian-Mao Peng
Peking University, China
Characterizing Individual Nanostructures: The Structure and Electrical, Mechanical, and Optical
Properties
P-05 (Nov. 06, 08:30 ~ 09:10, Halla Hall)
Dongwha Kum
Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Nano-structural Characterization of Advanced Materials using Electron Microscope

ORAL PRESENTATION
The oral sessions, including the invited talks, will be done in rooms 301, 302, 303, 401, 402, Samda1
and Samda2. The location and name of each hall for the oral sessions are indicated in the conference
floor plan.
Please note that a PC projector and a computer will be provided in each conference room for the oral
sessions. Speakers may bring their own portable computer. Operation staff will set up a media center near
the registration desk at the conference so that presenters can check the compatibility of their computers
with the projectors and review the presentation materials on the computer provided by the operation
committee. If you want to use the public computer in the presentation room, files should be prepared
using Microsoft PowerPoint with standard fonts (Arial, Times New Roman, or any other fonts provided
by Microsoft). Be sure to bring your PowerPoint file and supporting files (if any) in a CD-ROM or USB

xiv

drive so that you can copy it onto the computer before the sessions. Oral presenters should copy all the
presentation materials at least 10 minutes before their sessions start, and they should also at that time
alert the Chairman about their presence to help their sessions run smoothly. The compatibility of your
presentation materials with our computers is not 100% guaranteed. Speakers must check the
compatibility of the presentation materials using the computers in the media center before copying their
presentation materials onto the computer in the session room. If you want to use your own computer, the
operation staff of the conference will set up and support the connection between each speaker's computer
and the projector. Macintosh computers will be provided for the presenters who use Macintosh. Please
visit the Conference Headquarter Room located on the 3rd floor.

POSTER PRESENTATION
The poster sessions are scheduled on Tuesday and Thursday afternoon from 13:00 to 14:00. The
sessions will be held on the first floor. The ID of each poster is given at the end of each summary in this
program book. Please verify your ID on the poster panel before you display it.
The paper should be posted on the board assigned to you by the Program Committee. The title of paper
as well as the names of the author(s) and their affiliations should all be clearly visible at the top of the
poster. The poster should have large, legible text fonts and figures, and should describe the results in the
same manner as the oral presentation. It should be clear to readers even in author's absence. Authors are
advised to stay with their posters during the poster discussions in order to communicate with the
participants.
The authors for Tuesdays poster session should display their posters from 18:00 Monday to 12:00
Wednesday, and for Thursdays poster session, from 18:00 Wednesday to 12:00 Friday. The posters still
being displayed after the designated posting time will be discarded.

SPECIAL SESSIONS
PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP
Nov. 02 (SUN) 14:00 ~ 17:00
Room : 401, 402
1. TEM image and diffraction simulation using JEMS software (Room 402)
Pierre Stadelmann, EPFL, Switzerland
2. How to get the Best of Electron Microscopy with Monte Carlo Simulations (Room 401)
Raynald Gauvin, McGill University, Canada

xv

M12 (S1). MEMORIAL SYMPOSIUM of Prof. Keshin Kuo

Nov. 06 (THU) 09:30~18:00
Room : Samda2

LUNCHEON SEMINAR

302

303

401

402

Nov. 03
(Monday)

Nov. 04
(Tuesday)

CAPSM MEETING
Date : Thursday, November 06
Time : 12:00~14:00
Room : 304, Jeju ICC

IFSM MEETING
Date : Wednesday, November 05
Time : 14:00~18:00
Room : Weolla Room, Shiila Hotel

KSM COUNSEL/GENERAL MEETING

Date : Wednesday, November 5
Time : 12:00~13:00
Room : 402, Jeju ICC
SATELITE MEETING
The 38th SEIRIKEN Conference
Frontiers of biological Microscopy Synergy of the Advanced Technologies
Nov. 10~12, 2008
Okazaki Conference Center, Okazaki, Japan
Organizer : National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Japan) and JIST
Chairperson & Contact : Kuniaki Nagayama (nagayama@nips.ac.jp)

SOCIAL PROGRAM
WELCOME RECEPTION
Date : Monday, November 02
Time : 18:30~20:00
Place : Ocean View, Jeju ICC (5th floor)

CONFERENCE BANQUET
Date : Wednesday, November 05
Time : 18:30~20:00
Place : Tamna Hall, Jeju ICC (5th floor)

xvi

EXCURSION
Nov. 05 (Wednesday) 13:00 ~
Route 1 - Volcanic island Jeju
ICC-Seongsan Ilchulbong-Jeju Folk Village (Movie setting place for drama, Dae-Jang-Geum)- ICC
Seongsan Ilchulbong is famous site for the
Route 2 Natural Beauty of Jeju
ICC-Light hiking through cedars - Garden of Rocks-SanGeumBooli-ICC
Route 3 Peaceful Jeju
ICC-YakCheon temple SanBang Mountain Rock of dragon Garden of Meditation(dwarfed potted
plants) - ICC

ACCOMPANYING PERSON PROGRAMS

The Organizing Committee of APMC9 will provide these tours to the accompanying persons. These tours
include transportation, translator service and lunch. The itinerary may be subject to change.
Full-day tour 1 : Southern Coast of Jeju Island
Date : November 03, 2008 (Monday)
Price : US$ 69
Course : Hotel - Heopjae & SSangyoung Cave - Mt.Sanbang - Lunch - Chenjaeyeon waterfalls International Convention Center(All-in drama set) or International peace center(waxwork) - Lotte dutyfree shop or Grocer's shop - Hotel
Full-day tour 2 : Eastern Coast of Jeju Island
Date : November 06, 2008 (Thursday)
Price : US$ 65
Course : Hotel - Manjang Cave - Seongsan sunrise peak - Seopjiloji - Lunch - Horse riding(selected tour)
- Park southernland(Korean Fantasy Blockbuster Drama/Soap Opera "Tae Wang Sa Sin Gih) - Shilla
Duty-free shop or grocer's shop - Hotel
Half-day tour : Peaceful Jeju
Date : November 05, 2008 (Wednesday)
Price : Free of charge
Course : ICC - YakCheon temple - SanBang Mountain - Yongmeori Cliff - Garden of Meditation(dwarfed
potted plants) - ICC
For the details, please refer the website of APMC9, www.apmc9.or.kr.

xvii

EXHIBITION
The 1st floor of ICC Jeju
Monday, November 03 13:00 ~ 17:00
Tuesday, Nov. 04 ~ Thursday, Nov. 06
09:30 ~ 17:00
BOOTH #

EXHIBITOR

BOOTH #

EXHIBITOR

FEI Company

20

Gatan Inc.

Carl Zeiss Co., Ltd. Korea

21

TESCAN

EDAX JAPAN K.K

22

WOOMYOUNG INC.

Nanofactory Instruments Inc

23

SEC Co., LTD

Bruker BioSciences Korea Co., LTD

24

SAMCHANG TRADING CO.

Thermo Scientific

25

CAMECA Korea

Seron Technologies Inc.

26

JPK Instruments AG

NAMOTEC

27

NT Research Inc.

NIKON INSTRUMENT KOREA CO., LTD

28

KEY ONE ENGINEERING CO., LTD

10

Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions

29

Alicona Korea Pacific Co. LTD

11

JEOL LTD

30

COXEM CO., LTD

12

Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis

31

Boeckeler Instruments, Inc.

13

HREM Research Inc

32

KOS, Inc

14

Leica Microsystems LTD., Korea

33

Korea Institute of Science and Technology

15

Fischione Instuments

34

Microscopy and Analysis

16

IXRF Systems, Inc

35

17

Quorum Techonologies LTD

36

Korea Basic Science Institute

National Center for Nanomaterials
Technology

18

Nano Fine Tech

19

Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation

37

Exhibition Floor Plan

xviii

Millbrook Instruments Limited

xix

Nov.06
(THU)

Nov.07
(FRI)

PLENARY
LECTURE
5

Nov.05
(WED)

PLENARY
LECTURE
3

09:00

PLENARY
LECTURE
4

Nov.04
(TUE)

Nov.03
(MON)

Nov.02
(SUN)

08:30

PLENARY
LECTURE
2

11:00

L-03 (Rm.302)

L-06 (Rm.301)

M-12 (S1) (Samda2)

M-11 (Samda1)

M-01 (Rm.303)

I-07/Holography (Rm.401)

I-07/Tomography (Rm.402)

L-04 (Rm.302)

L-05 (Rm.301)

M-10 (Samda1)

M-05 (Samda2)

I-11 (Rm.401)

I-05 (Rm.402)

L-06 (Rm.301)

M-06 (Samda1)

M-09 (Rm.303)

I-12 (Rm.401)

I-04 (Rm.402)

E
X
H
I
B
I
T
I
O
N

L-06 (Rm.302)

L-02 (Rm.301)

M-03 (Samda1)

M-04 (Samda2)

I-03 (Rm.401)

I-02 (Rm.402)

PLENARY
LECTURE
1

L-08(Rm.302)

O
P
E
N
I
N
G

10:00

T
O
U
R

12:00

POSTER
(1 F)

CLOSING
CEREMONY

LUNCH

POSTER
(1 F)

CAPSM MEETING
(Rm.304)

LUNCH

KSM
Counsel/General
Meeting
(Rm. 402)

LUNCH

LUNCH

13:00

TIME TABLE
15:00

16:00

I-05 (Rm.402)
I-09 (Rm.401)

L-05 (Rm.302)

L-14 (Rm.301)

M-07 (Samda1)

L-13 (Rm.302)

L-01 (Rm.301)
L-07 (Rm.302)

M-12 (S1) (Samda2)

M-11 (Samda1)

M-01 (Rm.303)

I-06 (Rm.401)

I-07/Tomography (Rm.402)

EXCURSION

IFSM MEETING
(Weolla Room , Shiila Hotel)

L-06 (Rm.302)

17:00

L-11 (Rm.302)

M-04 (Samda2)
L-12 (Rm.301)

M-03 (Samda1)

I-02 (Rm.402)
I-03

L-10 (Rm.301)

M-08 (Samda1)

M-02 (Samda2)

I-08 (Rm.401)

I-01 (Rm.402)

Pre-Conference Workshop

REGISTRATION

L-09 (Rm.302)

14:00

18:00

CONFERENCE
BANQUET
(Tamna Hall)

WELCOME
RECEPTION

19:00

xx

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray

Spectrometry

In-situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM

Electron Tomography and Electron Holography

FIB and Sample Preparation

Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe

Microscopy

I05.

I06.

I07.

I08.

I09.

Nanometer-sized Materials : dots, particles, tubes and

fibers

Semiconductors and LSI Device Materials

Surfaces, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries

Metals, Alloys and Steels

Ceramics and Inorganic Materials

Magnetic and Super-conducting Materials

Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals

M01.

M02.

M03.

M04.

M05.

M06.

M07.

Materials Science

Atom Probe Microscopy

Electron Crystallography and Image/Spectrum Processing

I04.

I12.

High Voltage TEM

I03.

X-ray Microscopy

SEM Instrumentation

I02.

I11.

TEM and STEM Instrumentation

I01.

Instrumentation and Techniques

43

Nov.04(Tue)
Nov.07(Fri)
Nov.04(Tue)
Nov.05(Wed)

401
402

Nov.06(Thu)
Nov.03(Mon)
Nov.04(Tue)
Nov.04(Tue)
Nov.05(Wed)
Nov.07(Fri)
Nov.04(Tue)

Samda2
Samda1
Samda2
Samda2
Samda1
Samda1

Nov.07(Fri)

401

303

Nov.05(Wed)

Nov.04(Tue)

Nov.03(Mon)

Nov.06(Thu)

401

401

401

402

401,

401

Nov.06(Thu)

22

Nov.04(Tue)

402

402

78

Nov.03(Mon)

402

33

83

45

26

30

10

60

79

44

25

52

55

57

23

20

Date(day)

Room

Page

Life Science

Nov.04(Tue)
Nov.04(Tue)
Nov.07(Fri)

302
302
301

Nov.06(Thu)
Nov.04(Tue)

301
L14. Laser Optics for Biology and Nano-biotechnology

Nov.04(Tue)

Nov.03(Mon)

Nov.03(Mon)

Nov.03(Mon)

Nov.05(Wed)

302

301

302

301

302

302

Nov.06(Thu)

Nov.05(Wed)

301

302

Nov.05(Wed)

Nov.06(Thu)

Nov.04(Tue)

Nov.06(Thu)

Nov.06(Thu)

Nov.06(Thu)

Nov.05(Wed)

Nov.07(Fri)

Nov.03(Mon)

Date(day)

302

302

301

301

Samda2

Samda1

Samda1

303

Samda1

Room

L13. Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in Medicine

L12. Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology

L11. New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and their Applications

L10. Advanced Techniques in Biological Preparation and Observation

L09. Applications of Stereology in Life Science

L08. Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity

L07. Recent Progress of Fucntional Morphology of the Kidney

L06. Cells and Tissues Structures

L05. Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry

L04. Plasma-membrane and Cell-organelles Societies

L03. High Voltage and Analytical Electron Microscopy

in Biology

L02. Cellular Electron Tomography

L01. Cryo-electron Microscopy for Single Particles

M12. (S1) Special Session

M11. Applications to Materials Science and Engineerings

M10. Geological/Minerological Materials

M09. Radiation Effects

M08. Polymer/Organic/Biomimectic/Medical Materials

LIST OF SYMPOSIA

37

75

36

18

13

17

38

76

68, 84

39

41

49

50

73

34

71

67

64

47

81

12

Page

PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
ORAL PRESENTATION
November 03, 2008
Monday

AM
Time

Room

09:20~12:05

401

09:20~12:00

Samda2

M-04) Metals, Alloys and

Steels

09:20~11:50

Samda1

M-03) Surface, Interfaces and

Grain Boundaries

09:20~12:00

301

L-02)
Cellular
Tomography

09:20~10:50

302

L-08) Synapses and Synaptic

Plasticity

11:00~12:00

302

L-06) Cells
Structures

Symposium

09:30~10:00

Halla Hall

Opening Ceremony

10:00~10:40

Halla Hall

Plenary Lecture 1

10:40~11:20

Halla Hall

Plenary Lecture 2

I-03) HV-TEM

and

Electron

Tissues

PM
13:30~18:00

402

I-01) TEM and STEM

Instrumentation

13:30~17:50

401

I-08) FIB and Sample

Preparation

14:00~16:00

402

I-02) SEM Instrumentation

16:20~18:00

402

I-05) Electron Energy Loss

Spectroscopy and X-ray
Spectrometry

14:00~14:45

401

I-03) HV-TEM

15:00~18:05

401

L-10) Advanced Techniques

in Biological Sample
Preparation and Observation

I-09)
Advanced
Optical
Microscopy and Scanning
Probe Microscopy

14:00~17:20

Samda2

M-04) Metals, Alloys and

Steels

14:00~15:30

Samda1

M-03) Surface, Interfaces and

Grain Boundaries

15:40~18:25

Samda1

M-07) Amorphous Materials

and Quasicrystals

14:00~16:00

301

L-12) Confocal Microscopy

in Neurobiology

16:20~18:00

301

L-14) Laser Optics for Biology

and Nano-Biotechnology

14:00~15:15

302

L-06) Cells
Structures

15:40~17:40

302

L-05) Immunocytochemistry
and Histochemistry

14:00~16:55

Samda2

M-02) Semiconductors &

LSI Device Materials

14:00~17:05

Samda1

M-08) Polymer/ Organic and

Biomimetic/ Medical
Materials

13:30~17:45

301

13:30~15:10

302

L-09) Applications of
Stereology in Life Science

15:20~18:05

302

L-11) New Phase Contrast

Methods for TEM and Their
Applications

PM

November 04, 2008

Tuesday

AM
08:30~09:10

Halla
Hall

09:20~11:50

402

Plenary Lecture 3
I-02) SEM Instrumentation

xxi

and

Tissues

November 05, 2008

Wednesday

PM

AM
Time
08:30~09:10

Room
Halla
Hall

Symposium

14:00~16:10

402

I-07) Electron Tomography

14:00~18:10

401

I-06) In situ Dynamics in TEM

and SEM

14:00~17:30

303

M-01) Nanometer-sized Materials:

Dots. Particles Wires, Tubes
and Fiber

14:00~16:45

Samda1

M-11) Applications to Materials

science and Engineering

Plenary Lecture 4

09:20~11:10

402

I-05) Electron Energy Loss

Spectroscopy
and
X-ray
Spectrometry

09:20~12:05

401

I-11) X-ray Microscopy

09:20~12:20

Samda2

M-05) Ceramics and Inorganic

Materials

14:30~18:10

Samda2

M-12 (S1))Memorial Symposium

of Professor K. H. Kuo

09:20~11:50

Samda1

M-10) Geological / Minerological

Materials

14:00~17:15

301

L-01) Cryo-Electron Microscopy

for Single Particles

09:50~11:20

301

L-05) Immunocytochemistry
and Histochemistry

14:00~15:50

302

L-13) Diagnostic Approach by

Electron Microscopy in Medicine

302

L-04) Plasma-Membrane and

Cell-Organelles Societies

16:00~18:15

302

L-07) Recent Progress of

Funtional Morphology of the
Kidney

09:20~11:40

November 06, 2008

Thursday

November 07, 2008

Friday

AM

AM

08:30~09:10

Halla
Hall

09:20~11:20

Plenary Lecture 5

09:00~12:00

402

I-04) Electron Crystallo-graphy

and Image / Spectrum Processing

402

I-07) Electron Tomography

09:00~11:45

402

I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy

09:20~11:50

401

I-07) Electron Holography

09:20~12:05

303

M-09) Radiation Effects

Samda1

303

M-01)
Nanometer-sized
Materials:
Dots.
Particles
Wires, Tubes and Fiber

09:20~12:05

09:20~12:05

09:20~11:30

301

09:20~12:05

Samda1

M-11) Applications to Materials

science and Engineering

09:20~12:00

Samda2

M-12 (S1))Memorial Symposium

of Professor K. H. Kuo

09:20~11:45

301

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures

09:20~11:50

302

L-03) High Voltage and

Analytical Electron Microscopy
in Life Sciences

xxii

M-06) Magnetic and Superconducting materials

L-06) Cells
Structures

and

Tissues

POSTER PRESENTATION

November 04, 2008

November 06, 2008

Tuesday
st

1 Floor

Thursday
st

13:00 ~ 14:00

1 Floor

13:00 ~ 14:00

I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation (I01-12 ~ 16)

I-04) Electron Crystallography and Image/Spectrum

I-02) SEM Instrumentation (I02-14 ~ 22)

Processing (I04-08 ~ 09)

I-03) HV-TEM (I03-09 ~ 20)

I-06) In situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM (I06-12 ~ 13)

I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray

I-07) Electron Tomography (I07-24 ~ 34)

Spectrometry (I05-09 ~ 13)

I-07) Electron Holography (I07-35)

I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation (I08-14 ~ 17)

I-11) X-ray Microscopy (I11-08 ~ 09)

I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe

I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy (I12-07 ~ 08)

Microscopy (I09-08 ~ 10)

M-01) anometer-sized Materials: Dots. Particles Wires,

M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device Materials (M02-09

Tubes and Fiber (M01-21 ~ 47)

~ 23)

M-06) Magnetic and Super-conducting Materials

M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries (M03-12

(M06-10 ~ 16)

~ 23)

M-09) Radiation Effects (M09-09 ~ 18)

M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels (M04-19 ~ 51)

M-10) Geological/ Minerological Materials (M10-07 ~

M-05) Ceramics and inorganic materials (M05-09 ~ 16)

09)

M-07) Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals (M07-09 ~

M-11) Applications to Materials science and

15)

Engineering (M11-19 ~ 41)

M-08)

Polymer/Organic

and

Biomimetic/Medical

M-12) Memorial Symposium of Professor K. H. Kuo

Materials (M08-09 ~ 18)

(M12-16 ~ 20)

L-02) Cellular Electron Tomography (L02-07 ~ 09)

L-01) Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Single Particles

L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry (L05-14

(L01-10 ~ 14)

~ 27)

L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles Societies

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures (L06-23 ~ 46)

(L04-07 ~ 10)

L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity (L08-04)

L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry

L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life Science (L09-05)

(L05-28 ~ 37)

L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological Sample

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures (L06-47 ~ 74)

Preparation and Observation (L10-12 ~ 28)

L-07) Recent Progress of Functional Morphology of

L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and Their

the Kidney (L07-08 ~ 11)

Applications (L11-10 ~ 14)

L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in

L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology (L12-06)

Medicine (L13-06 ~ 10)

xxiii

PLENARY LECTURE

SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM
Plenary Lecture
November 03, 2008
Halla Hall
Chair: Sung Sik Han
10:00-10:40
Cryoelectron Tomography: Defining the Functional Modules of Cells: Wolfgang Baumeister;
Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18,
D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
Electron Tomography (ET) is uniquely suited to
obtain 3-D images of large pleiomorphic structures.
While the principles of ET have been known for
decades, its use has gathered momentum only in
recent years. Technological advances have made it
possible to develop automated data acquisition
procedures. This, in turn, allowed to reduce the total
electron dose to levels low enough for studying
radiation sensitive biological materials embedded in
vitreous ice. As a result, we are now poised to
combine the power of high-resolution 3-D imaging
with the best possible preservation of the specimen.

Chair: Se Ahn Song

10:40-11:20
The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves: A.
Tonomura; Hitachi, Ltd, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0395,
Japan, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan,
OIST, 12-22, Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2234,
Japan
Bright beams such as lasers and synchrotron
radiation play a decisive role in opening up new
windows for investigating microscopic structures of
materials. We have repeatedly developed brighter
electron beams since 1968 to utilize the phase
information in an electron beam. As it turned out,
every time we developed a brighter electron beam,
the precision in the phase measurements increased
thus opening up new applications. It has become
possible to carry out fundamental experiments in
quantum mechanics that were once regarded as
thought experiments. Such experiments include
single-electron build-up of an interference pattern
and conclusive experiments on the Aharonov-Bohm
effect. Also, visualizing magnetic lines of force in h/e
flux units by interference microscopy and dynamically
visualizing quantized vortices in superconductors by

Lorentz microscopy has become possible. In spring

2000, we completed a 1-MV microscope that has the
brightest beam ever obtained, and we have begun
obtaining various new results on the vortex behaviors
inside high-Tc superconductors, such as the observations of
vortices trapped along tilted columnar defects in
Bi-2212 film and elucidations of the mechanism for
forming a special arrangement of vortices, the
chain-lattice state, that reflects the layered structure
of the material.

November 04, 2008

Halla Hall
Chair: Chang-Sub Uhm
08:30-09:10
The Molecular Motors, Key for Life: Structure,
Dynamics and Functions: N. Hirokawa; Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of
Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
The intracellular transport is fundamental for cell
morphogenesis, functioning and survival. To elucidate this
mechanism we have identified and characterized
kinesin superfamily proteins, KIFs, using molecular
cell biology, molecular genetics, biophysics, X ray
crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy. KIF1A
and KIF1B beta transport synaptic vesicle precursors
and play essential roles on neuronal function and
survival. KIF1B alpha and KIF5s transport mitochondria.
KIF17 conveys NMDA type glutamate receptors,
important for memory and learning, in dendrites
through the interaction with scaffolding protein
complex containing mLin10 (Mint1). AMPA type
glutamate receptors are transported by KIF5s via
GRIP1-GluR2 interaction. KIF5s also transport
specific mRNAs with a large protein complex
composed of 42 proteins. KIF2A, a unique middle
motor domain KIF, plays a significant role in brain
wiring by depolymerizing microtubules in growth
cones and controlling extension of axonal branches.
KIF3 complex composed of KIF3A, KIF3B and
KAP3 is fundamental for left-right determination of
our body through formation of monocilia in the
ventral node which rotate and generate leftward flow
of extra embryonic fluid, nodal flow. This nodal flow
conveys vesicular parcels containing Sonic hedgehog
and retinoic acid secreted from node cells by the
trigger with FGF signaling toward left and determines
left-right asymmetry. Conditional gene targeting

PLENARY LECTURE

study of KAP3, an associated protein of KIF3 motor

complex revealed that KIF3 suppresses tumorigenesisby
transporting N cadherin beta-catenin complex from
cytoplasm which works as a transcriptional factor in
the nucleus and enhances cell proliferation from
Golgi to plasma membrane. KIF4 binds poly ADP
ribose polymerase 1(PARP1) and works as a molecular
switch to control activity dependent neuronal survival
during brain development. Thus, KIFs play a number
of significant roles not only on intracellular transport,
but also on higher brain functions, brain wiring,
fundamental developmental events such as left-right
asymmetry, tumorigenesis and activity dependent
neuronal survival during brain development.
Concerning the mechanism of motility we discovered
KIF 1A, a unique monomeric motor and revealed
high resolution structures of motor domain at atomic
level by cryoEM combined with X-ray crystallography of 5
different nucleotide binding states during ATP hydrolysis.
Because previously identified motors function as
dimers such as kinesin, dynein and myosin, the
prevailing hypothesis for motor movement was the
hand over hand model, which means a motor needs
two legs to move as humans do. However, we
demonstrated that the single monomeric KIF1A
motor can move processively on microtubules by
biased Brownian movement using biophysical
approaches such as single molecule motility assay
and optical trapping combined with cryoelectron
microscopy and X-ray crystallography. Atomic structures of
AMP/PCP (preisomerization, strong binding) state,
AMP/PNP (prehydrolysis, strong binding) state,
ADP/AlFx (early ADP/Pi, strong binding) state, ADP
vanadate (late ADP/Pi, active detaching) state and
ADP (weak binding) state were solved and it was
shown that KIF1A uses two microtubule-binding
loops in an alternating manner to change its
interaction with microtubules during ATP hydrolysis
cycles; loop 11 is extended to bind helix 11 of
tubulin in protofilament in the AMP-PNP state, then
loop 11 dissociates from tubulin at ADP vanadate
state in which KIF1A actively detaches from microtubules
and at ADP state loop 12 extends and K-loop in loop
12 binds flexible C-terminus of tubulin (E-hook)
which allows Brownian movement of KIF1A. Then
after ADP release KIF1A moves to the microtubules
plus end on binding to the microtubule. The slow
rate-limiting ADP release from free kinesin is
accelerated by more 104-fold following interaction
with MT. Therefore, ADP release is a key fundamental
regulatory step for kinesin. We propose an atomic
mechanism for this regulation based on five new
crystal structures of ADP-releasing intermediatesof
the monomeric kinesin KIF1A and supporting kinetic
measurements of mutant KIF1As. Mg2+ and its
coordinating water form a stable and dense hydrogenbonded network, which is called the Mg2+-water cap,
to tightly trap ADP in the nucleotide-binding pocket.
Release of this cap precedes ADP release, accompanied by

breakage of the link between switches I and II.

Loop L7 mediates this link by acting like a latch to
keep these two elements together. A stereospecific
interaction between latch loop L7 and beta-tubulin
breaks the latch interaction between switches I and II,
which induces rapid removal of the Mg2+-water cap
and rapid release of ADP. The large conformational
change of the switch II complex accompanying the
ADP release is tightly coupled with the movement of
the neck-linker, suggesting a role in the straindependent regulation of ATPase activity. These two
unique built-in regulatorymechanisms will enable
efficient mechanochemical energy conversion in
kinesins.

November 05, 2008

Halla Hall
Chair: Chan Gyung Park
08:30-09:10
Characterizing Individual Nanostructures: the
Structure and Electrical, Mechanical and Optical
Properties: Lian-Mao Peng; Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871,
China
Carbon nanotube (CNT) and semiconductor nanowire (NW) materials are important building materials
for nanotechnology. These materials may be
synthesized via a range of physical and chemical
methods, and new nanotube and NW materials are
being produced every day. Measurements on
individual nanostructures remain, however, difficult
and it is even more challenging to control the
property of these nanomaterials via structure
modification at near atomic resolution. A very
promising and perhaps the best method to tackle
these problems is to combine the scanning tunnelling
microscope (STM) with the electron microscope (EM)
so that manipulation and structure modification may
be made via a highly controllable fashion on
individual nanostructure, and their real time electrical,
mechanical and optical properties can be measured
in-situ inside the electron microscope. We first
consider the measurements of the commonly
encountered vertically grown NW arrays. Despite the
tremendous effort devoted to the growth of these NW
arrays, non-uniformity still exists. Unlike most of the
physical properties of an NW film, which are mainly
determined by the majority NWs, the electrical
property of the vertical grown NW film is often
dominated by a few NWs having good contacts to the
external measurement circuit. Although STM and
atomic force microscope (AFM) can be used to probe
the individual NWs, these techniques require that the

buckling. The load for this mode of bucking can be

estimated yielding a critical load of 10nN. The local
strain of the nanotube can be estimated using the
high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image via =Rout/Rc,
with Rout and Rc being the radius of the tube and
curvature respectively. The nanotube becomes unstable
when the strain is more than 7%, and failure occurs
eventually when the strain reaches 13-14%. A
versatile technique has also been developed which
converts the photoluminescence (PL) into a local
technique. This technique utilizes the use of
suspended individual NWs on the tip of our nanoprobe,
and allows comprehensive optical, electrical, and microstructure characterization of the same nanostructure.
The incorporation of the nanomanipulator with the
micro-PL measurement enables convenient identification of
the NW position using the corresponding SEM image
as the reference. For the NW with regular shape, only
slight difference in UV to visible emission ratios was
observed for the two parts with different diameters.
On the other hand, for the NW with irregular shape
and rougher surface, with the decrease of the
diameter, dramatically increased green emission and
decreased UV emission can be observed.

PLENARY LECTURE

NW thin film has a smooth surface and this is no the

case commonly encountered in practice. A rough top
surface, as those commonly associated with the NW
array film, would result in tip breaking and/or
difficultly in judging the tip-sample height. On the
other hand, the multiple probe system inside the
scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides an
idea solution to investigate the electrical properties of
individual NWs in the NW film, particularly in the
presence of multi-junctions. An individual NW can
be selected from the NW film and the probe can be
located at any desired portion of the individual NW
in a see-and-probe manner. In this way, the
topography of the surface is no longer a restriction
for the measurement and each individual junction
along the NW can be investigated separately. Another
important advantage of this in-situ method is that
quantitative analysis of the electric characteristics of
semiconducting NW requires the detailed structure
parameters of the NW being measured, and EM
observations provide just the required information. A
typical two terminal I-V characteristic and the
diameter, length etc. of the NW may readily be
obtained from corresponding TEM image providing
valuable input for the quantitative analysis of the
transport property of the semiconductor NWs. While
it is very convenient to carry out manipulation and
electrical measurements on individual nanostructure
in a SEM, the resolution of the SEM is limited and
the vacuum level is typically not as good as in a
transmission electron microscope (TEM).
The
higher resolution and vacuum level in a TEM has
been utilized for revealing the important role played
by the CNT tip structure on its electron field
emission characteristics and effects of deformation
on the conductance of the CNT. These experiments
show clearly that the conductance of the large
diameter multi-walled CNT is not easily affected by
deformation and these CNTs may in principle be
used in the fabrication of novel nanoelectronic circuit
as interconnects. The mechanical properties of
individual nanostructures can also been studied
in-situ by a range of techniques, including pulling
and bending tests. In a typical experiment, two metal
electrodes were used. The first electrode was a
microscopically flat Pt tip that was prepared by
simply cutting a pure Pt wire of 0.3 mm using a
scissor. The second electrode was a very sharp W-tip
with a radius of curvature of several tens nm. The
W-tip was connected to a piezotube that allows a fine
movement of the W-tip in three dimensions over
several micrometers. Before the test the nanotube has
a uniform diameter consisting of 9 layers. The failure
occurs at the outmost shell of the nanotube via a so
called sword-in-sheath fracture mechanism, and
this is similar to that observed for the CNTs. On the
other hand, different bending deformation is
observed for the WS2 nanotube. The bent tube profile
resembles slender column in the second mode of

November 06, 2008

Halla Hall
Chair: Do Hyang Kim
08:30-09:10
Nano-structural Characterization of Advanced
Materials using Electron Microscope: Dongwha
Kum; President, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-ku,
Seoul 136-791, Korea
Performance and properties of a given material is
mainly governed by its microstructural elements such
as grain size, distribution of phases and defect
density, which has been the essential tools for
metallurgists and materials scientists. It cannot be
emphasized enough that the history of advanced
materials development has kept pace with the
development of microstructural characterization
techniques.Compound optical microscope was
invented in early 17th centuries and affected all
aspects of human history. Looking into the microscope, we
learned about the microworld of living creatures and
overcame disease from microorganisms. Looking up
the sky through the telescope, we started exploring
the universe. Similarly, microstructures examined by
the microscope have provided clues to understand the
behavior of materials in the microscopic scale. This
tradition has continued up to now and brought instruments
with better resolutions using electrons and X-rays, as
well as atomic probes. Now it is naturally accepted
that seeing atomic arrangements in materials is just

PLENARY LECTURE

one of routine operations of modern microscopes.

Recent advent of nano-technology in many engineering and scientific fields is largely indebted to these
advanced microscopes and associated techniques.
Resolution of modern electron microscope is at
picometer level and this includes both image
resolution and spatial resolution. In addition, energy
resolution of the spectro- meter has improved to sub eV
range. Combining picometer resolution and sub eV
energy resolution, one can now easily obtain
chemical, structural, electric and magnetic
informationfrom sub nm regions of the sample from
the electron microscope. Not only from the hardware
development, the capability of the electron
microscope expands explosively with newly
developed software for quantitative information
retrieval with single atom sensitivity and/or
picometer strain measurements. One of the direct
beneficiaries of advanced electron microscopy is in
the field of information technology where the circuit
size of memory device far surpassed the micron scale.
Characterization with high-resolution microscopy
played a crucial role pushing the limit of integration
into the nanometer range. Another important
development in advanced materials research benefited
from electron microscopy is scrutiny of natural and/or
ancient materials. Advanced microscopy techniques
provide different perspectives on natural or ancient
materials and change our views on these materials.
Nature provides wide variety of micro / nanostructural examples of materials with excellent or
unique properties over engineering counterpart. Biomimetic approach mimics such natural microstucture to take advantage of superior properties and
this approach is only fruitful with thorough understanding of complex and hierarchical microstructure
at every length scale. Such structural color display is
common in Nature and electron microscopic observation reveals true origin of the color. Inspirations for
advanced materials can be found also from ancient
artifacts through nanoscale characterization. One of
the excellent examples is Damascus sword, where
carbon nanotube and fiber reinforcements are found
in the sword dating back to 10th century. The role of
electron microscopy has been important in Korea
with rapidly emerging technological fields such as
nanotechnology and bio-nano technology. As a core
research institute in Korea, KIST put much effort to
meet the global standard in characterization and
recent acquisition of monochromated, aberration
corrected TEM is the result of such effort. However,
we also realize the importance of other specialized
microscopy techniques with photons or atomic
probes and examples are shown in the field of
molecular / biological imaging with multi-photon
microscopy.

November 03, 2008

MONDAY
I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation
Organized by Joong-Keun Park and Kunio Takayangi
Room 402
13:30 ~ 18:00

13:30-14:00 Invited
Recent Corrector Developments for Highresolution Electron Microscopy: Max Haider, H.
Mller, S. Uhlemann, P. Hartel and J. Zach; CEOS
GmbH, Englerstr. 28, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
The hexapole corrector has been steadily improved
over time in order to achieve a stable and reliable
corrector capable for high resolution imaging modes
with such a Cs-corrected TEM or STEM. Nevertheless,
the largest illumination cone in STEM and the
highest acceptance angle in TEM are limited by
either the chromatic aberration and/or by high order
aberrations. The chromatic aberration cannot be counterbalanced in a hexapole-corrector but in a more
complicated quadru-octupole-corrector as described
below. The disturbing fifth-order aberration, which is
the six-fold astigmatism A5, can be reduced in an
advanced hexapole-corrector to a level which allows
an increase of the illumination angle up to more than
40 mrad.
I01-01
14:00-14:15
The Newly Installed Aberration Corrected and De
dicated STEM (Hitachi HD2700C) at Brookhaven
National Laboratory: Hiromi Inada1, Y. Zhu2, J.
Wall2, V. Volkov2, K. Nakamura3, M. Konno3, K.
Kaji3, K. Jarausch1 and R.D. Twesten4; 1Nanotech
Systems Division, Hitachi High Technologies America,
Inc., 5100 Franklin Dr. Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA,
2
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA, 3Nanotech
Products Business Group, Hitachi High Technologies
Corp., 884 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504
Japan, 4Gatan Inc., 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd.
Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA
The Hitachi HD2700C was recently successfully
installed at the newly established Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Lab (BNL).The
BNL HD2700C has a cold-field-emission electronsource with high brightness and small energy spread,
ideal for atomically resolved STEM imaging and
special high resolution EELS. The instrument was
delivered in July, 2007. Within two weeks of the start
of the installation, 0.1nm resolution of HAADFSTEM image was achieved. The microscope capables
high energy resolution EELS spectroscopy which is
0.35eV for 10s.
I01-02

ORAL MONDAY

Chair: Kunio Takayanagi

14:15-14:45 Invited
Investigation of Point Defects by AberrationCorrected STEM and First-Principles Theory: S.J.
Pennycook1,2, M. Varela1, A.R. Lupini1, A.Y. Borisevich1, W.
Luo1,2, D. Kumar3, S-H. Oh4, P. Werner5, N.D.
Zakharov5, S. Molina6, K. van Benthem7, S. Rashkeev8, K.
Griffin Roberts9, K.M. Krishnan9 and S.T.
Pantelides2,1; 1Materials Science and Technology
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
TN 37831, USA, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina
A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA,
4
Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Eoeun-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 5Max Planck
Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2,
06120 Halle, Germany, 6Department of Materials
Science, University of Cdiz, 11510 Puerto Real,
Cdiz, Spain, 7Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831, USA, 8Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls,
ID 83415, USA, 9Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA 98195, USA
The successful correction of aberrations in scanning
transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has improved
lateral resolution by more than a factor of two [1],
brought greatly enhanced sensitivity for imaging
individual atoms, and depth resolution of a few
nanometers [2-4]. In zone axis crystals, columnar
channeling tends to reduce the depth resolution, and
image simulations are necessary to establish the
depth sensitivity [5]. To illustrate this capability,
images from Si nanowires grown by a Au-catalyzed
vapour-liquid-solid method will be presented [6]. A
high density of Au atoms are seen not only on the
surface of the nanowires, but by changing focus are
seen also in the bulk of the nanowire, as shown in Fig.
1. The gold atoms move under the influence of the
beam, and may not be present in the as-grown
material. However, substitutionaland three interstitial
configurations are found, which are confirmed by
density functional calculations to be stable (substitutional)
or metastable (interstitial) sites. Furthermore, the
number density of the different configurations correlates
with their calculateddefect formation energies. As a
second example of the identification of a point defect
complex, the origin of ferromagnetism in Co-doped
anatase will be shown by a combination of imaging,
EELS and theory to be a Co-Ti+3-VO complex [7].
I01-03
Chair: Joong-Keun Park
14:45-15:15 Invited
Spherical-Aberration Corrected 50pm Electron
Microscopy: Kunio Takayanagi; Tokyo Institute of
Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo

ORAL MONDAY

152-8551 Japan
We developed a new system for measurement and
adjustment of the aberrations up to fifth order. The
method uses the Ronchigram taken from an
amorphoussarea of the specimen. Auto-correlation
for each of the segmental areas of the Ronchigram
suffices to adjust aberration coefficients within a
short period. In addition to details of the newly
developed 300kV STEM-TEM, application data are
presented.
I01-04
15:15-15:30
Advanced (scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (S/TEM) for Atomicscale Characterisation and Analysis: B Freitag, DJ Stokes, E Van
Capellen and DHW Hubert; 1FEI Company, PO Box
80066, 5600 KA Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 2FEI
Hong Kong, 1508 Concordia Place, 1Science Museum
Road, TST East, Hong Kong
The need for tools that can deliver ultra-high
resolution information is driving the development of
electron microscopy and spectroscopy to the extremes of
performance. We have been developing aberrationcorrected and monochromated (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) to eliminate
delocalisationeffects, giving the ability to work at
sub-angstrom length-scales, coupled with sharplydefined energy resolution for spectroscopic techniques.
This enables us to acquire information at the single
atomic level and gain knowledge of inter-atomic
bonding for precise characterisation of chemical
composition and electronic structure. We are able to
use these new capabilities to great effect in the study
of nanoparticles,interfaces and grain boundaries,
giving new insights.
I01-05
15:30-15:45
How to Obtain a Point Resolution of 1 in
Different Voltage TEM?: G.M. Cheng and L.L. He;
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
The effects of different parameters of TEM, such
as , Cs, Cc and beam divergence, on the contrast
transfer function were studied by through-focus
image simulation using NCEMSS. The real point
resolution was limited by the decay of the envelope
functions (for a given DEL and TH) and cannot reach
to the theoretical point resolution determined by
and Cs. The effects of DEL and TH were investigated by
comparing the experiment and simulation images.
And finally we have summarized the conditions for
obtaining a point resolution of 1 in different voltage
TEM.
I01-06

15:45-16:00 Coffee break

Chair: Max Haider

16:00-16:30 Invited
TEM Image Analysis and Simulation using the
Java Language: P. Stadelmann; Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Microscopie Electronique, Ecole Polytechnique
Fdralede Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
The recent spread of aberrations corrected transmission electron microscopes offers new opportunities to
observe crystals structures along directions of high
order [u,v,w] indices. Moreover, the largely improved
point-to-point resolution of the most advanced
instruments will produce HRTEM images resulting
of the interference of many diffracted beams. As a
result, intuition will no longer suffice to get quantitative data out of recorded images and recourse to
image analysis and simulation will become more
important than ever.
I01-07
16:30-16:45
Design and Fabrication of Boersch Phase Plate in
TEM: C.H. Hsu1, S.H. Huang1, T.W. Huang1, C.S.
Chang2, Jessie Shiue2, Y.K. Hwu2, F.G. Tseng1 and
F.R. Chen1,2; 1Department of Engineering and System
Science, National Tsing Hua University, ESS New
Buliding, 101, section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu
300, Taiwan, R.O.C., 2Institute of Physics, Academic
Sinica, Taiwan, R.O.C.
The contrast in TEM image from samples composing
of low Z element is very poor due to the weak
interactions between low Z atoms and incident
electron beam. The contrast enhancement with Einzel
electrostatic phase plate is demonstrated in SiO2/SiONX
interface containing of higher averaged Z element. A
further application in biological specimen containing
averaged low Z elements (such as carbon and hydrogenatoms) needs a smaller phase plate size to conform
the cutoff frequency requirement. We present a
modified and simple fabrication process and to
miniaturize the size of shielding area of cantilever.
I01-08
16:45-17:00
Development of a High-speed Quantitative Elemental
Mapping System and its Applications: Kazutoshi
Kaji, Ryoji Namekawa, Daisuke Terauchi, Wataru
Shimoyama, Kaneo Kageyama and Shigeto Isakozawa;
Naka Division, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation,
882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 312-8504,
Japan
We have developed a high-speed quantitative elemental mapping instrument for a dedicated STEM.
This instrument has two kinds of electron detectors.
One, which consists of 3 channels, is for elemental
mapping, and the other, which consists of 1024 channels, is for electron energy-loss spectrum measurement. With the system, an elemental mapping

image and a STEM dark field image can be obtained

simultaneously. Using the instrument, we have observed the 1nm Cr elemental distribution with a
high-speed and a high signal to noise ratio condition.
I01-09
Chair: Stephen Pennycook

17:30-17:45
Shadow Image Distortion in a Conventional
Transmission Electron Microscope: Katsuhiro
Sasaki,Yosuke Kubo and Kotaro Kuroda; Department
of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya,
464-8603, Japan
Geometrical electron optics of the shadow image
distortion due to electric and/or magnetic field in a
conventional transmission electron microscope has
been analyzed. The shadow image distortion of a
selected area diffraction aperture due to an electric
field has been measured, and the analysis of the
geometrical optics has been proofed. The optical
parameters to estimate the quantitative vale of the
electric field have been determined.
I01-11
17:45-18:00
High Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy of
Graphene Using the TEAM 0.5: Z. Lee1, A. Dato2,
R. Erni1, W.-K. Hsieh1, M. Watanabe1, M. Frenklach3
and V. Radmilovic1; 1National Center for Electron
Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Berkeley, California 94720, USA, 2Applied Science
& Technology Graduate Group, University of California,

ORAL MONDAY

17:00-17:30 Invited
Computer Calculation of the Lorentz Microscopy
Image and Magnetic Domain Structure of FePt: C
Thin Film Comprising Order-disorder Two-phase
Mixture: M.C. Kim, W.H. Lee and J.K. Park;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
373-1 Guseung-dong, Yuseong-gu, 305-701 Daejeon,
S. Korea
A computer calculation technique of Lorentz
microscopy image was developed and applied to the
analysis of the Lorentz microscopy image and
magnetic domain structure of medium ordered FePt :
Cthin film for recording media, comprising orderdisorder two-phase mixture. The magnetic domain
structure was, at the as-deposited state, a vortexantivortex network structure and became fine-scale
reverse domains bounded by localized vortices at
dc-demagnetized state. The result of computer simulation
was in good accordance with the experimental observation using LTEM. This particular domain structure
was developed partly due to a facilitation of the nucleation of reverse domains by soft particles. I01-10

Berkeley, California 94720, USA, 3Department of

Mechanical Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
A synthesized free-standing graphene layer, i.e. a
two-dimensional (2D) single atomic sheet of carbon,
is imaged successfully on the lately developed TEAM 0.5
instrument under the TEAM (Transmission Electron
Aberration-Corrected Microscope) project. The TEAM
0.5 is equipped with two aberration correctors for
illumination and projection systems and with an
electron monochromator, which have been optimized
in 80-300kV. High resolution imaging of the graphene
layers are very hard in any conventional microscopes
because a higher kV beam damages the thinnest
carbon layers and a lower kV operation deteriorates
resolution for the light atoms. However, the TEAM
instrument brings us a high resolving power
capability even at 80kV for imaging and spectroscopy of the preserved graphene layers. A TEM
image from a typical region of the synthesized freestanding graphene layer displays densely packed
hexagonal single-layer of carbon and unambiguous
Moir patterns formed from superimposed two
individual graphene layers, which represent a coincidence site. Exit wave reconstructions were performed
from a through-focus image series and the corresponding
high resolution images were simulated using Mac
TempasX software for comparison. Monochromated
electron energy loss spectra (EELS) of free-standing
graphene sheets were also obtained. The carbon
K-edge in EELS can be used to identify the structure
of graphenesheets. The EELS of single layer sheet
exhibits unique graphitic characteristics, which has
the 1s-* and 1s-* transition at 285 eV and 291 eV. It
is also challenging to distinguish fine-scale singlelayer grapheme from other carbon nano-structures.
We are able to perform STEM parallel beam diffraction
on nano region of graphene single-layer and bilayer
using a Zeiss Libra 200 FE-TEM operated at 200kV
with Koehler illumination. The several sets of
diffraction patterns from single graphene layer and
two layers of graphite appear differently because the
synthesized graphene sheets exist typically in
overlapped and folded sheets on TEM sample grids.
A set of hexagonal diffraction spots from a single
graphene layer can be identified by simulated
diffraction patterns.
I01-17

I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation

Organized by Moon-Hi Hong and Hiang Lian Hing
Room 401
13:30 ~ 17:50
Chair: Moon-Hi Hong
13:30-14:00 Invited

ORAL MONDAY

Triple Focused Ion Beam (TFIB) Application on

Biological Samples: H.L. Hing1, M.A. Kaswandi1,
A.Z. Sahalan1, K.B. Chua1, K.L. Yap1, S. Normalawati1, Y.
Muranaka2, I. Ohta2, K. Sano3, T. Nihira4 and S.
Harashima4; 1Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, 2Research Equipment
Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine,
Hamamatsu, 431-3192 Japan, 3Osaka Medical College,
Takatsuki-shi, 569-8686 Osaka, Japan, 4ICBiotech,
Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka
565-0871, Japan
Triple Focused Ion Beam (TFIB) is an instrument
that uses highly charged gallium ions to mill samples
of minutes sizes together with the cleaning the
sample with Argon. TFIB can also be as an accessory
of the scanning electron microscope with the addition
the Gallium ion gun and Argon gas injector. The FIB
had been used extensively in the semi-conductor
industry, defect analysis, circuit modification, mask
repair and making TEM samples. Recently, FIB has
been used as ultra microtome for the sectioning of
biological and biomedical materials [1,2,3]. However,
the images obtained was not as reliable. Therefore,
work was undertaken to refine the FIB technique
with the use of Argon gas the clean the surface of the
milled samples to produce unobstructed image of the
33333
I08-01
internal structures.
14:00-14:15
Bending of Nanometer Scale Materials in Vacuum
Using a Focused Ion Beam: Byong Chon Park1, Ki
Young Jung2, Sang Jung Ahn1, Jinho Choi1 and
Dal-Hyun Kim1; 1Korea Research Institute of Standards
and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Korea, 2Nanofocus
Inc. Seoul 152-050, Korea
We report an ion beam bending process which
could provide an innovative technique of fabricating
nanotools like a bent spike, a hook and a pick regardless of materials. The ion beam was found to plastically bend any material having nanometer scale geometries of free-standing tube, spike and plank, along
the ion beam so that its free end is directed toward
the ion source. The current understanding is that it is
a directional ion radiation damage, where the concentration gradient of the induced defects as well as the
implanted gallium ions through the target material
generates the corresponding stress gradient. I08-02
14:15-14:30
Serial-section Polishing Tomography: J.A. Hunt1, P.
Prasad1 and E. Raz2; 1Gatan Research & Development,
5794 W. Las Positas, Pleasanton, CA, USA, 2Gatan
FA Products Division, 5794 W. Las Positas, Pleasanton,
CA, USA
Tomographic reconstruction of a wide range of
materials can be accomplished via mechanical polishing

serial-sectioning-alternately polishing away material

and imaging the remaining polished surface with
optical (or electron) microscopy. The Gatan Centar
Frontier, a computer-controlled polishing system
designed for failure analysis specimen preparation
including semiconductor delayering, was modified
for this application. The application of serial-section
polishing tomography to the reconstruction of a
portion of a printed circuit board is successfully
illustrated.
I08-03

Chair: Hiang Lian Hing

14:30-15:00 Invited
The Application of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) in
Materials TEM Interfacial Research: Wen-An
Chiou1 and Kevin McIlwrath2; 1NISP Lab, NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
20742-2831, USA, 2Nanotechnology Systems Division,
Hitachi High Tech. America, Inc., Pleasanton, CA
94588, USA
Interface is an important subject in materials research.
However, with different varieties of materials, specimen
preparation specifically for interfacial investigation
has been a great challenge for electron microscopists. This paper presents a brief review of the
development of FIB research and the application of
FIB in TEM specimen preparation.
Four of the most interesting materials/interfaces were
selected: (1) ceramic/metal and polymer, (2) metal
and soil, (3) mineral and polymer, and (4) metal and
bio-tissue/minerals. TEM results demonstrated the
unique capability of FIB in preparing difficult samples
that had been thought to be impossible.
I08-04

15:00-15:15
FIB and TEM Observations of Surface Defects in
Hot Dip Zinc Coatings: Moon-Hi Hong1, Doo-Jin
Paik1, Jong-Che Park2 and Hiroyasu Saka3; 1Surface
Treatment Department, POSCO Kwangyang works,
545-700, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab.,
Kwangyang 545-700, Korea, 3Department of Quantum
Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8603, Nagoya,
Japan
The characteristic and ability of FIB fabrication to
remove the materials using an accelerated Ga ion
beam from the very small and/or precisely located
slab were employed to prepare the cross-sectional
thin films of zinc-coated steel sheets composed of
Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds. The effect of chemical
composition and substrate properties on the surface
quality of galvannealed steel sheets has been investigated
by the combination of FIB and TEM techniques.
Streaky marks showed the enrichment of oxides at
interface between galvannealed coating and steel
substrate.
I08-05

15:30-15:50 Coffee break

Chair: Wen-An Chiou

15:50-16:20 Invited
Recent Development in FIB Technique for Site
Specific TEM Specimen Preparation and its
Application to Nano-materials Characterization:
T. Kamino, T. Yaguchi, M. Konno, T. Agemura and T.
Ohnishi; FEI Company Japan Ltd., NanoPort Japan,
NSS-2 Bldg. 1F, 13-34 Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 108-0075, Japan
New FIB techniques for site specific TEM
specimen preparation and 3D characterization of
nano-matrerials are discussed.
I08-07
16:20-16:35
Advantages Using Backside TEM Specimen Preparation Technique: S. Sadayama and N. Suzuki;
Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-0057 Japan
Etching rate of Tungsten compounds was slower
than that of Silicon. This issue will become more
serious when membrane thickness is required 50nm
or thinner. We addressed the issue using backside
TEM specimen preparation technique.
I08-08
16:35-16:50
Advanced Technology for PostFIB TEM Sample
Preparation: R.R. Cerchiara, P.E. Fischione, J. Liu,
J.M Matesa and A.C. Robins; E.A. Fischione Instru-

ments, Inc., 9003 Corporate Circle, Export, PA

15632, USA
We applied the technique to a commercial NAND
type flash memory device using Helios400s which
has a flip-stage capability. The results indicates
generated bumps however, at above gate structures.
The area beneath the gate structures, which is the
most interested area, is preserved at high-quality.
I08-09

ORAL MONDAY

15:15-15:30
The Observation of the Inhibition Layer Breakdown during Galvannealing Reaction between Iron
and Zinc: Doo-Jin Paik1, Moon-Hi Hong1, Ki-Hyeon
Ryu1 and Jong-Che Park2; 1Surface Treatment
Department, POSCO Gwangyang works, 545-700,
Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Gwangyang
545-700, Korea
When the steel sheets are dipped into a molten
zinc bath to produce galvannealed steel sheets iron
dissolved from the steel strip surface leads two main
reactions, which are the formation of the inhibition
layer at the coating and steel substrate interface and
the precipitation of dross particles in the bath.
Formation of the inhibition layers and their thickness
and compactness are the critical issue for producing
high quality galvannealed steel sheets. The formation
and breakdown of an inhibition layer at the interface
will be assessed using a hot dip galvanizing simulator
and FIB(Focused Ion Beam) system and TEM.
I08-06

Chair: Takeo Kamino

16:50-17:05
Transmission Electron Microscopy Specimen
Preparation by Focused Ion Beam and Removal
of Damaged Layer Caused by Ga Ion Irradiation:
T. Kato1, H. Sasaki1,2, Y. Yamada3, T. Izumi3, Y.
Shiohara3 and T. Hirayama1; 1Nano Structures
Research Lab, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1
Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan,
2
Yokohama R&D Lab, Furukawa Electric Ltd., 2-4-3
Okano, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0073, Japan,
3
Superconductivity Research Lab, Division of
Superconducting Tapes and Wires, ISTEC, 1-10-13,
Shionome, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0062, Japan
We have developed a combination technique using
a focused ion beam (FIB) microsampling and a
standard ion milling method to remove damaged
layers caused by the FIB milling. A small sample a
few m wide 10 m long 10 m deep was lifted out,
and then fixed on a cross-section of a metallic foil
with 1-2 m in thick by FIB microsampling. The
sample was further thinned by FIB. However,
damaged layer induced by a Ga ion irradiation was
formed on the thinned sample surfaces after FIB
milling. Finally, the FIB damaged layers was,
therefore, etched by Ar milling.
I08-10
17:05-17:20
Advanced Specimen Preparation using a Low
Energy Focused Ion Beam for Atomic-scale
Characterisation and Analysis: DJ Stokes, L
Roussel, B Freitag and DHW Hubert; FEI Company,
PO Box 80066, 5600 KA Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Focused ion beam (FIB) specimen preparation
techniques have been successfully used to generate
ultra-thin lamellae for TEM and STEM. Now, with
the further capabilities of lower gallium ion beam
energies, it is possible to reduce the effects of ion
beam damage and implantation, to the extent that we
can create lamellar specimens yielding sub-Angstrom
resolution in the S/TEM
I08-11
17:20-17:35
A Novel Preparation Method of Mechanical
Polishing for Cross-sectional TEM Specimen with

ORAL MONDAY

10 nm Thickness: Chang Chang Chiang1 and Rong

Tan Huang2; 1Industrial Application Group, National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu,
30076, Taiwan, 2Institute of Materials Engineering,
National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224,
Taiwan
Based on wedge technique, a newly developed
preparation method called optic four-point adjustment technique referring to the operated process of
regular optical microscope is used to prepare high
quality TEM sample with large thin area and very
thin thickness. The holder glued a piece of crosssectional specimen is placed on the stage of an
optical microscope. The cross-section line and the
planar surface can be adjusted by turning the two
adjusting screws to focus four-point. A so-called
three-dimensional TEM is used to verify the TEM
sample thickness. Consequentially, the sample thickness smaller 10 nm is successfully prepared.
I08-12
17:35-17:50
Nanofabrication in Diamond Using Ion
Implantation and FIB Milling: S. Rubanov1, B.A.
Fairchild2, P. Olivero3, A.D. Greentree2, D.N.
Jamieson2 and S. Prawer2; 1Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia,
2
School of Physics, the University of Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia, 3Experimental Physics
Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and
Natural Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino,
Italy
Ion implantation and FIB patterning were used for
fabrication of nano structures in a single crystal
diamond. To create ultra thin films for device
fabrication we used double implantation technique.
In this case two amorphous damage layers with a thin
single-crystal layer sandwiched between were
created. The samples were annealed at 550 and 1260
C. Cross-sectional TEM showed graphitization of
entire amorphous damage layers for annealing at
1260 C. The etchable graphitic layers can be
removed to form free standing membranes into
which the desired structures can be sculpted using
FIB milling.
I08-13

M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device

Materials
Organized by Jaepyng Ahn
Room Samda2
Chairs: J.C. Park and K. Furuya
14:00-14:30 Invited

10

14:00 ~ 16:55

CS-corrected STEM/TEM Studies of Ge

Quantum Dots on Slightly Oxidized Si(001)
Surfaces: N. Tanaka1,2, S.-P. Cho1,2, A.A. Shklyaev1,3,
J. Yamasaki2, E. Okunishi4 and M. Ichikawa1,3;
1
CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency,
Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, 2EcoTopia
Science Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, 3Dep. of Applied Physics,
The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan, 4JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino,
Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
Cs-corrected STEM was applied to observation
and elemental analysis of Ge nanodots grown on
Si(001) surfaces with an ultrathin SiO2 coverage. The
observation suggested a new growth model of the Ge
nanodots on the Si(001) surfaces. Strain state of the
interface of Ge/Si was also analyzed from the
Cs-corrected TEM images. It was shown that
Cs-corrected STEM/TEMs are very much useful for
analysis of interface structures composed of various
kinds of semiconductors.
M02-01
14:30-14:45
Lateral Diffusion of Arsenic in Polysilicon Gate
Electrode Analyzed by Cs Corrected HAADFSTEM and EDX: Y. Kunimune, T. Tomizawa and T.
Kurokawa; Test and Analysis Engineering Division,
NEC Electronics Corporation, 1120 Shimokuzawa,
Sagamihara 229-1198, Japan
We investigated the lateral diffusion characteristics of arsenic in polysilicon gate electrode by using
Cs corrected HAADF-STEM and EDX. We found
that the arsenic segregating at polysilicon/SiO2
interface does not diffuse laterally, while the arsenic
in the bulk area diffuses a few times as far as it
diffuses in single crystal silicon. The result suggests
that diffusion of arsenic from n-type polysilicon to
p-type polysilicon might be crucial and should be
considered for designing the CMOS devices after 45
nm rules.
M02-02
14:45-15:00
Structural and Chemical Analysis of HfO2
Dielectric Films with Ti/Hf Capping Layer: Jae
Hyuck Jang1, Tae Joo Park2, Jeong Hwan Kim2,
Kwang Duk Na2, Cheol Seong Hwang2 and Miyoung
Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea,
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
An undesired interfacial layer is grown between
high-k films and Si substrate during film deposition
and post deposition annealing. The additional
Hf-metal layer on HfO2 decreased the amount of
excess oxygen and the grain boundary density. These
additional metal layer change the structure of HfO2,

the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) decreases with

increasing rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature.
Especially, in-situ high voltage electron microscopy
(HVEM) operated at 1.2 MeV is employed to investigate
the kinetics of Er/SiO2 interfacial reaction.
M02-06

15:00-15:15
Atomic Structure and Composition at the Interface of Epitaxial CoSi2 on Si (001): G. H. Gu1, H. B.
R. Lee1, H. J. Kim1 and C. G. Park1,2; 1Dept. of
Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of
Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31,
Hyoja-dong, Namgu, Pohang, Korea, 2National
Center for Nanomaterials Technology, POSTECH,
San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang, Korea
STEM-HAADF is a powerful technique to provide
precisely the location of atoms at the interface and
chemically sensitive atomic images. In this study, we
have investigated at the interface between CoSi2 and
Si to evaluate the epitaxial quality of CoSi2 by using
the Cs corrected STEM (JEOL 2100F) with an probe
size about 0.8. The epitaxial growth was observed
for Co with a Ti capping layer prepared only by ex
situ deposition, not by in situ deposition. STEMHAADF analyses revealed that CoSi2 layer was
epitaxial with a cube-on-cube relationship, (001)
CoSi2 // (001) Si and [100] CoSi2 // [100] Si.
M02-04

16:25-16:40
Bulk and Surface Electronic Excitations in
HfO2/GaAs (001) Heterostructures by STEMEELS: S. C. Liou1, M.-W. Chu1, C. H. Chen1, Y. J.
Lee2, M. Hong2 and J. Kwo3; 1Center for Condensed
Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, 3Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
HfO2 with its high dielectric constant (k~ 18-25)
and large band gap (5.68 eV) is a leading dielectrics
for effective passivation of the GaAs substrate in
metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
(MOSFETs). Here, we studied the electronic excitations of 5 nm-thick HfO2 films grown on GaAs (001)
by the conjunction of scanning transmission electron
microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). High-angle annular dark filed (HAADF)
image of the epitaxial HfO2 films, revealing an
atomically sharp interface between the film and
substrate. The STEM-EELS spectra of HfO2 acquired
at the center of the film were observed spectral
features above the optical band gap at ~6, ~16, ~28.5,
~35, and ~39 eV. We have determined the complex
dielectric function of the HfO2 film by performing
Kramers-Krnig analysis (KKA). Following the
KKA, the peaks at ~6, ~28.5, ~35, and ~39 eV can be
interpreted as bulk interband transitions. Peak at
~16eV is the bulk-plasmon excitation. A more
detailed study of the exciting physics underlying this
unexpected phenomenon is now in progress.
M02-07

15:15-15:40 Coffee break

Chairs: M.Y. Kim and Nobuo Tanaka

15:40-16:10 Invited
The Recent Status and Future Trend of Material
Characterization in Semiconductor Devices: S.Y.
Lee; Hynix Semiconductor Inc. San 136-1 Ami-ri
Bubal-eub Icheon-si Kyoungki-do, Korea
M02-05
16:10-16:25
Physical Properties and Reaction Kinetics of
High-k Er-silicate Gate Dielectric: Chel-Jong Choi;
Deparment of Semiconductor Science & Technology,
Chonbuk National University
We describe a novel method to fabricate high-k
Er-silicate gate dielectric and demonstrate its
physical properties using transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron
microscopy (STEM). The interfacial reaction between Er
and SiO2 films leads to the formation of high-k
Er-silicate film. Due to thermally driven Er diffusion,

ORAL MONDAY

so gate leakage current is less than HfO2. Structural

analysis on the effects of metal capping on high-k
was performed by transmission electron microscopy
and compositions and electronic structures were
studied by energy dispersive spectrometer and electron
energy loss spectroscopy.
M02-03

16:40-16:55
Analysis on the Residual Strain and Defects of
GaN Layers Grown on Sapphire Substrate by
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction: Hui Yoon
Shin; LG Electronics
Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)
method using transmission electron microscope (TEM)
has been realized to be an outstanding technique for
obtaining crystallographic information with high
spatial resolution due to its small probe size. We
investigated the local strains and defects in GaN
overlayers grown on sapphire substrates using TEM.
GaN layers were grown on two types of sapphire
substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
(MOCVD). One is a cone-shape patterned sapphire
substrate (PSS) and the other is a normal sapphire

11

substrate, which was deposited Mg-doped p-type

GaN (p-GaN) overlayer and p-AlGaN layer. From
the observation of each GaN overlayer using TEM,
we studied the variation of local strain on the shape
of sapphire substrate and the defect formation within
GaN overlayer, respectively.
M02-08

ORAL MONDAY

M-08) Polymer/ Organic and Biomimetic/

Medical Materials
Organized by Geungho Kim and Byeonghyeok Sohn
Room Samda1
14:00 ~ 17:05

Chair: Byeonghyeok Sohn

14:00-14:30 Invited
Control of Nanoscale Lateral Ordering and
Vertical Orientation in Amphiphilic Block Copolymer
Thin Films: Joona Bang and Taejoon Kim;
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Korea University
It has been shown that poly (styrene-b-ethylene
oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer thin films, where
the hydrophilic PEO block forms the cylindrical
microdomains, exhibit the excellent lateral ordering
with the vertically oriented microdomains via solvent
annealing process. In this system, the relative humidity plays a crucial role to control the lateral ordering
and vertical orientation of microdomains. This strongly
implies that the interaction between the water and the
hydrophilic block induces such morphologies. In this
work, we expand and generalize this idea to the other
hydrophilic blocks, such as polydimethylacrylamide
(PDMA). Cylinder forming PS-b-PDMA block copolymers was synthesized by the controlled livingradical polymerization (CLRP). Upon the solvent
annealing process, we could control the film morphologies of the PDMA microdomains depending on
the relative humidity. At the low humidity conditions,
the cylindrical PDMA domains were oriented parallel to
the substrate, while the vertical orientation with the
good lateral ordering was achieved at the high
humidity conditions. This suggests that the existence
of the hydrophilic block is critical in the solvent
annealing process. Furthermore, the facile synthesis
of such system via CLRP can be used to design many
useful block copolymer templates, such as nanoporous structures and functionalized nanopatterns.
M08-01

14:30-15:00 Invited
Ultrathin Layer-by-Layer Multilayer Flims: From
Surface Modification to Electronic Devices: Jinhan
Cho; School of Advanced Materials Engineering,

12

Kookmin University
Ultrathin polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayer films
prepared by the versatile layer-by layer (LbL)
assembly method have been utilized for the preparation of light-emitting diodes, electrochromic, membrane,
and drug delivery system, as well as for selective
area patterning and particle surface modification
because the various materials with specific properties
can be inserted into the film with nano-level thickness irrespective of the size or the shape of substrate.
Since the introduction of the LbL technique in 1991
by Decher and Hong, various hydrophilic materials
can be inserted within LbL films through complementary interactions (i.e., electrostatic, hydrogenbonding or covalent interaction) In this study, we
explain the various interactions and the adsorption
behavior for the formation of LbL SA multilayer
films and also describe a few examples of potential
applications such as superhydrophobic surfaces,
electrochemical sensor and nonvolatile memory
devices.
M08-02
15:00-15:15
TEM Tomography Observation of the Defects and
Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymer Double
Gyroid Network Structures: Hirokazu Hasegawa,
Vincent H. Mareau, Satoshi Akasaka, Tetsuro
Okamoto, Taketsugu Osaka and Tadashi Matsushita;
Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School
of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510,
Japan
We investigated the grain boundaries and defect
structures of double gyroid network structures (DG)
formed during the ordering process in the blends of
polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer
and polystyrene homopolymer (hPS) from solutions
in toluene by means of transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. In case of the epitaxial growth of DG from a perforated layer (PL) we
found that every other layer of PL was connected to
one of the two DG networks. The PL layers are parallel to the DG (111) plane and the grain boundary is
parallel to the DG (211) plane.
M08-03
15:15-15:30
Visualization of Nanoscaled Organic Multilayer
by Low-Voltage STEM: T. Ueda1, A. Makino1 and Y.
Takai2; 1Advanced Technologies Development Laboratory,
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., 1048, Kadoma,
Osaka 571-8686, Japan, 2Department of Material and
Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka
University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
We could clearly observe the nanoscaled multilayer of an organometallic material and organic semiconductor materials by low-voltage STEM method.
Furthermore, tri-layered organic electroluminescent

15:30-15:50 Coffee break

Chair: Geungho Kim

15:50-16:20 Invited
From Flat Thin Films to Curved Nanopores:
Kyusoon Shin; School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University
During the recent years, we found some examples
where frustration, induced by curvature, breaks the
symmetric structure of self-assembled block copolymers. The structure and the crystallization behavior
of crystalline materials were also found to be
controlled by the imposed curvature in a nano- scopic
cylindrical pore. In addition, polymeric melt shows
breakdown of bulk behaviors under this nanoscopic
confinement. With the emergence of nanoscale
science and engineering, those unexpected physical
behaviors are of significant importance in the design
and execution of nanofabrication strategies.
M08-05

16:20-16:35
Microscopy Observation on Biodegraded Household NR Gloves: A.R. Shamsul Bahri and A. Ikram;
Rubber Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber
Board, P.O.Box 10150, 50908 Kuala Lumpur
The environmental degradation of household NR
latex gloves buried in soil was examined using
conventional optical and electron microscopy.
Gloves pieces treated with acetone to remove the
autooxidation formulation prior to soil burial were
compared with the untreated gloves. All the gloves
had been allowed to degrade for various time periods
(3, 6, 12, and 18 months). The degradation degree of
the sample was evaluated on the integrity of rubber
network of the latex particles within the samples.
There were marked differences between network
densities of latex particles for treated and untreated
samples as early as 3 month treatment. Latex particles in
treated samples showed a very coarse and loose
rubber network that occasionally surrounded by a
network of higher density latex particles, though a

few remnants of latex particles can still be seen.

Whereas the untreated samples showed some distinguished
latex particles membrane and the integrity of rubber
network was still almost intact. The disintegration of
rubber network became more apparent in 6, 12 and
18 months of burial. There rubber network in 18
months samples disintegrated totally and the network
coalesced into free polymeric strands.
M08-06
16:35-16:50
Electron Microscopy Study of the Encrustation on
Nanocrystalline (NC) Ti Substrate in a Simulated
Urinary Tract Environment: W.-A. Chiou1, L.-C.
Lai1,2, K. McIlwrath3 and J. C. Earthman2; 1NISP
Lab, NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College
Park, MD 20742-2183, USA, 2Dept. of Chemical
Eng. and Materials Sci., University of California,
Irvine, CA 92697, USA, 3Nanotechnology Systems
Div., Hitachi High Tech. America, Inc., Pleasanton,
CA 94588, USA
The use of materials for medical applications in
the urinary tract is hampered by the formation of
calcium-based crystalline deposits, generally referred
to as encrustation. Previously nc-Ti was proved to be
more resistant for formation of encrustation in sterile
urine. By utilizing special lift-out technique by FIB,
ultra-thin cross-sectional TEM specimen was
prepared to examine the interface between encrustation
particle and nc-Ti in order to understand the mechanism
of encrustation in a simulated urinary tract environment. Encrustation particles were composed of nanocrystalline CaO particles and amorphous materials,
but without any orientation relationship with Ti
substrate. High P was found at the interface.
M08-07

ORAL MONDAY

diodes were also observed. As a result, the electron

transport layer, the light emitting layer, and hole
transport layer were actually observed, and the
thicknesses of the layers were almost consistent with
the designed values. The low-voltage STEM method
can clearly visualize not only the difference of the
scattering effect due to the heavy atoms in the
organic layer but also the difference of the scattering
effect due to the material density in the layers.
M08-04

16:50-17:05
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Gold
/Mercury Amalgam: Tung Hsu; Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing
Hua Univeristy, Hsinchu 300, TAIWAN
Au/Hg amalgam was grown by evaporation of Hg
on Au films at room temperature. Trasmission electron
microscopy (TEM) studies of such films have found
the amalgan formation very non-uniform, the
amalgamization process much slower than expected,
and that the amalgam was basically Au3Hg.
M08-08

L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological

Sample Preparation and Observation
Organized by Yung-Chien Teng and Shin-ichi Izumi
Room 301
13:30 ~ 17:45

13

Chair: Yung-Chien Teng

ORAL MONDAY

13:30-13:45
Atomic Force Microscopy of the Microprocesses
During Myoblast Fusion: Su-Jin Kim1,2, Sejin Kim3,
Hyunjung Shin3 and Chang-Sub Uhm1; 1Department
of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine,
Seoul 136-705, Korea, 2Department of Chemistry,
Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea, 3School of
Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University,
Seoul 136-702, Korea
Cultured myoblasts, focusing on the microprocesses related to the intercellular interaction, were
observed with an atomic force microscope by taking
topological images. For atomic force microscopy
(AFM), cells were fixed and either dried as in usual
scanning electron microscopy or kept in the buffer.
The dried cells were used for observing intercellular
interactions related to the fusion. The prefusing
myoblasts aligned in a chain were mostly spindle in
shape and were characterized by the presence of
many microprocesses along the facing edges of
adjacent aligned myoblasts. The space between fusing
myoblasts and between myotubes and myoblasts were
often traversed by filopodia and cellular bridges
formed by the connection of microvilli. These results
suggest that microprocesses may be involved in the
fusion of myoblasts. To represent in vivo, we tried to
experiment in the liquid state. So, we obtained that
the best images of the fixed cell in liquid were
achieved using the contact mode of AFM. Finally,
we achieved the result that AFM observation is an
efficient tool in the study on the interaction between
cells, and the fixation-imaging in liquid is a good
approach to understand the cellular dynamics.
L10-01
13:45-14:00
Application of Digital Image Processing Algorithms to the Recognition of Atomic Structure of
SWCNTs: Maofa Wang1,2, Xiaoping Zou1,2, Fei Li1,2,
Jin Cheng1,2, Hongdan Zhang1,2, Pengfei Ren1,2
and Guang Zhu 1,2 ; 1 Research Center for Sensor
Technology, Beijing Information Technology
Institute, Beijing, China, 2Beijing Key Laboratory for
Sensor, Beijing, China
It is very difficulty to recognize graphite atomic
structure of SWCNTs in their STM images with
naked eyes. So, it is important and intresting thing to
recognize the graphite atomic structure of SWCNTs
by processing original STM images, which is useful
to calculate chiral vector and track surface structure
disfigurement of SWCNTs during In-situ STM scanning
of the analyzed object later. The inspection and
characterization of nanomaterials and structures should
be performed extensively and whenever possible in a
non-invasive way. In this paper, we report some
digital image processing algorithms application on

14

the recognition of atomic structure of SWCNTs.

Those techniques are now being frequently used in
metrology and characterization laboratories including
in the fields of nanomaterials and systems.
L10-02
Chair: Shin-ichi Izumi
14:00-14:15
Pore Formation by Antimicrobial Peptide, Magainin
2, in Phospholipd Vesicles Detected and Visualized
by Cryo-Electron Microscopy: Mikyung Han1,
Yuan Mei2 and Steven J. Ludtke1; 1Dept. of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX. USA, 2Dept. of Physics
and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX. USA
Cytolytic peptides, such as Magainin, Melittin,
Alamethicin, Defensins, and Cecropins, are
ubiquitously present within the animal kingdom as a
part of the host-defense system. Peptides in this class
are under active commercial development as
broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly aimed at
antibiotic resistant strains. Due to its direct interaction with the lipid membrane, it is believed that
bacteria will be unable to develop resistance to these
drugs. Magainin 2 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial
peptide isolated from the skin of the African clawed
frog Xenopus laevis. It is believed to initially interact
specifically with acidic lipids in the bacterial membranes
through electrostatic interactions, forming an amphiphillic helix, followed by hydrophobic interactions
inducing pore formation, but the issue remains
controversial. A number of methods, such as circular
dichroism, solid state NMR, and Raman and neutron
scattering experiments, have been used to study the
structure of possible pores and, while evidence for
pores was obtained, none of those methods could
directly observe the pores themselves, particularly
under conditions reasonably similar to those
encountered in-vivo. We present a new method for
studying peptide/lipid interactions, which employs
cryo-EM to directly image Magainin-induced pores
in phospholipid vesicles.
L10-03
14:15-14:45 Invited
Immunohistochemical Advancement of in vivo
Cryotechnique to Cryobiopsy for Cells and Tissues of
Living Animal Organs: S. Ohno, N. Ohno, N.
Terada, S. Saitoh and Y. Fujii; Department of
Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering,
University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan
In conventional microscopic preparations, ischemic or
anoxic artifacts are caused by tissue-resection or
perfusion-fixation. The in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT)
was developed to overcome these problems, and
useful for analyses of soluble molecules at high

Chair: Yasuaki Hotta

14:45-15:00
Application of FIB Techniques for Biological
Sample Preparation: Jong Min Kim1,2 and
Chang-Sub Uhm1; 1Department of Anatomy, Korea
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,
2
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical
Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine,
Seoul, Korea
Focused ion beam, known as FIB, is a recently
introduced technique used in the semiconductor and
materials science. It has been used for site-specific
analysis, imaging, nanofabrication, material deposition,
and ion milling at nanoscale. The application of FIB
for biological samples has not been tested widely. In
this study, the possible usability of FIB for biological
sample preparation was tested using completely dried
human bone piece, osteointegrated dental implant,
and cultured muscle cells. The bone piece and
osteointegrated dental implant were ion-milled using
FIB without any special pretreatment. The cultured
muscle cells were prepared as for routine scanning
electron microscopy, and ion-milled with FIB. Cut
pieces of samples were attached to the grids, and
observed with transmission electron microscope
(TEM). TEM observation revealed the fibrous and
inorganic materials. The osteointegrated dental
implant revealed the structure at the interface.
Various filamentous structures connecting adjacent
myoblasts were prominent even after FIB milling.
These results suggest that, with some refinements,
FIB may be a useful tool in studying deep structures
of inorganic materials-rich biologic samples and
some surface phenomena occuring at the interface
between biomaterials.
L10-05
15:00-15:30 Invited
Effects of Dental Conditioners on Enamel Surface
Morphology and Enamel-Resin Interface: R.J.
Scougall-Vilchis1, Y. Hotta2 and K. Yamamoto1;
1
Department of Oral Functional Sciences and
Rehabilitation, 2Central Research Institute of Oral
Science, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, 1851
Hozumi, 501-0296, Mizuho City, Gifu Pref., Japan
In dentistry, enamel conditioning is a routinely

procedure for restoration of the teeth, and for

bonding orthodontic brackets. The most commonly
used conditioner is 37% phosphoric acid; however, it
produces more enamel loss than self-etching primer
(SEP). Moreover, studies with scanning electron
microscope (SEM), and focused ion beam system
(FIB), have shown a gentler conditioning pattern of
SEP. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare
the effects of three SEP on the enamel surface
morphology and enamel-resin interface. Material and
Methods: The SEP evaluated were: Primer A&B
(Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan); Clearfil Mega Bond FA
(Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan); and Bond
Force (Tokuyama Dental Corp., Osaka, Japan).
Enamel surfaces were conditioned with different SEP,
chemically prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and
fixed with 1% OsO4; similar to previously described
procedure. After which, the surfaces were observed
under SEM (S-4500, Hitachi Co. Ltd., Japan). In
addition, specimens were prepared to observe of the
enamel-resin interface by placing composite-resin
after the enamel conditioning. The specimens were
then milled with FIB system (FB-2100, Hitachi Co.),
and observed with SEM (S-4800, Hitachi Co.).
Results: Although the smooth surface of untreated
enamel slightly changed after SEP conditioning, the
surface conditioned with primer A&B seemed more
similar to the untreated enamel than the other surfaces. The enamel-resin interfaces showed interesting
differences, Bond Force gave the impression to
produce a more irregular interface line. Conclusion:
The self-etching primer evaluated in this study,
showed a gentler conditioning pattern. However,
their actions on the enamel surfaces were slightly
different and further studies are required to find their
best properties for clinical use.
L10-06

ORAL MONDAY

time-resolution with light or electron microscopy.

Recently, another cryobiopsy has been developed,
which enables us to obtain frozen specimens of large
animals including humans, and has almost the same
technical advantages as IVCT. Therefore, morphofunctional information in vivo about cells and tissues
in living animals could be obtained by immunehistochemistry. Their application would be expanded
from experimental animal studies to clinical medicine.
L10-04

15:30-15:45 Coffee break

Chair: Chang-Sub Uhm

15:45-16:00
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Golgi Apparatus
in Onion Root Tip Cells by High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy: T. Naguro, S. Inaga, H.
Nakane and T. Kameie; Division of Genome
Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University,
Yonago, Japan
To verify the validity of the so-called cisternal
maturation model by the study at the electron
microscope level, details of the three-dimensional
structure of the Golgi apparatus in onion root tip cells
were investigated by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). In this report we demonstrate stereo SEM
images of the Golgi apparatus viewed from various

15

angles: cis-, tras-, and lateral-sides. Special attention

is mainly focused on the unique form of the most
outside cisterna of trans side in the Golgi apparatus.
L10-07

ORAL MONDAY

16:00-16:30 Invited
Ultrastructural Defferences between the Atrial
Myocardium and the Bachmanns Bundle with
Special Reference to Intercalated Disks: Takeshi
Yamaguchi and Tatsuo Shimada; Department of
health science, Faculty of medicine, Oita university
In 1916, G. Bachmann has suggested electrophysiologycally the presence of specialized cardiac
myocytes of the interatrial pathway and this was
named Bachmanns bundle(BB). Although BB is
known as Bachmanns bundle pacing, it is not
clear whether or not BB are similar in ultrastructure
to the atrial myocardium. Hearts of adult monkeys
were used,and the right auricle and BB were
dissected. For light microscopy, paraffin sections
were immunostained with aniti- desmin, connexin40
and 43 antibody. For scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) of intercalated disks and cytoskeleton, tissue
blocks were treated with 2N or 6N NaOH. Furthermore, transmission electron micro- scopy (TEM) was
used to observe BB and atrial appendage cells. In
immunostained specimens, cardiac myocytes had
connexin40 and 43 at the intercalated disks which
indicated fast conductance. These cells were also
positive in desmin antibody. In SEM, the ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes in the BB were characterized the presence of less myofibrils, mitochondria with small size and abundant intermediate
filaments. It was noted that there were no granules as
demonstrated in the atrial myocardium. Furthermore,
atrial working myocytes had wide steps and risers,
and had many microprojections and microridges,
while cardiac myocytes in the BB had no step and
riser, and had irregular projections. At the TEM level,
intercalated disks in atrial working myocytes ran
comparatively straight, while those in BB ran with a
wave form. In conclusion, the BB was fundamentally
different from atrial working myocytes, and showed the
aspect of cardiac conduction system.
L10-08
16:30-16:45
Ultrastructural and Physiological Studies on the
Contractile Mechanism of Body Wall Muscles of
an Echiuroid, Urechis unicinctus: Suechika
Suzuki1,2,3, Risa Hatakeyama2, Yumi Tannno2, Chieko
Hamamoto3,4, Akiji Itoh1, Yukio Yamanaka1, Naonori
Ishii1 and Yuriko Ono1; 1Department of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, 2Department of
Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and
3
Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa
University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 4Electron
Optics Division, JEOL Ltd, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan

16

To make clear the mechanism of body movement

of an echiuroid, Urechis unicinctus, ultrastructural
and physiological experiments were performed,
including the cytochemical study on the origin of
activator Ca and its translocation during muscle
contraction. The body wall was constructed with the
three muscle layers; inner circular, middle longitudinal,
and outer circular layers. We have reported the
structural features and physiological properties of the
inner circular muscle. In this paper, we will reveal
the structural and physiological properties of the
longitudinal muscle, and discuss the complementary
role of the circular and longitudinal muscles for the
body movement. Key Words: body wall muscles,
echiuroid, activator Ca, K-contracture, pyroantimonate method.
L10-09
Chair: Megumi Iwano
16:45-17:15 Invited
Pathological Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species at
Penetration Pegs of Alternaria alternata Japanese
Pear Pathotype during Plant Infection: G.-S.
Hyon1, Y. Morita1, N. Hosogi2, K. Ikeda1, H. Nakayashiki1
and P. Park1; 1Graduate School of Agricultural
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe,
Japan, 2National Institute for Physiological Sciences,
National Institute of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higasiyama,
Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype generated
H2O2 from both the plasma membranes and cell walls
of the appressoria. To determine the pathological
roles of H2O2 in microbial pathogenicity, we studied
the inhibitory effect of diphenylene iodinium (DPI)
on infection of the pathogen and the roles of H2O2
generation in the NADPH oxidase (Nox) mutants of
the pathogen. Both H2O2 generation and fungal
penetration were depressed by DPI at appressoria in
susceptible leaves. Disruption of noxB resulted in the
decreased lesion formation and fungal penetration.
The results suggested that Nox was associated with
L10-10
H2O2 generation and fungal penetration.
17:15-17:45 Invited
Cytological Study for Pathological Roles of Compounds Analogous to AK-toxins, Disease Determinants, during Plant Infection: N. Hosogi1, G.-S.
Hyon2, T. Osato2, K. Inoue2, K. Ikeda2 and P. Park2;
1
National Institute for Physiological Sciences,
National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higasiyama,
Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan, 2Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai,
Nada, Kobe, Japan
Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype
produces host-specific toxins, such as AK-toxin I and
II. Some AK-toxin-analogous compounds (AKA) were
synthesized and the structure-activity of the toxins

ischemia. We measured the numbers of neuron and

the capillary length density in the hippocampal CA1
region of transient global ischemic gerbil brain with
design-based stereological technology, i.e., Optical
Disectors and Space balls method. In the present
study, we suggest the possibility that blood vessels
correlates with neuronal progenitor cells in the
damaged brain area.
L09-02

14:10-14:20 Coffee break

L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life

Science
Organized by Won Taek Lee
Room 302

13:30 ~ 15:10

Chair: Won Taek Lee

13:30-13:50
Introduction of Stereology: Jong Eun Lee and
Kyung Ah Park; Department of Anatomy, Yonsei
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Stereology is a set of simple, efficient and
unbiased methods for quantification of threedimensional geometric characteristics of objects e.g.
volume, surface area, length, number and connectivity. Stereos means bodily or spatial (3-D) in
Greek. In stereolgy, the way in which the questions
are asked is to throw geometric probes, such as
dissectors, planes, lines and points at the object and
observe how the probe and the object interact. It is
essential to understand that for the result to be
unbiased both the sampling and the probing, counting
or measuring, must be random. There is an intimate
relationship between the feature being quantified and
the type of probe that is used.
L09-01

13:50-14:10
Stereological Studies of Neural Numbers and
Capillary Length Density in the Hippocampal
CA1 Region Following Transient Global Ischemia:
Chan Park; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyunghee University,
Seoul, Korea
The pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1
region are essential for cognitive functions such as
spatial learning and memory. Global brain ischemia
provoked by transient occlusion of the carotid
arteries (2VO) in gerbils results in a severe loss of
neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. It has been
reported that the CA1 region cellular damage is
followed by a massive formation of new neurons in
the CA1 region. Recent evidence shows that vascular
tissues may participate in neurogenesis after brain

ORAL MONDAY

was studied. Although some AKA had chemical

structures slightly different from the toxins, they had
the pathological roles as well as the toxins. However,
some AKA did not have such activities. Comparing
the structures of AKA with the activities, optimum
bulkiness or hydrophobicity for the activities
probably existed in the amino acid moiety and the
conjugated carboxylic acid moiety of the toxin.
Epoxide moiety of the toxin might be essential for
the activities.
L10-11

14:20-14:40
Stereological Estimaiton of Nerve Fibers: Won
Taek Lee and Kyung Ah Park; Dept. of Anatomy,
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Although there are some reports on the quantitative changes of diabetic neuropathy in experimental
animals and human, detailed paremeters such as sizes
of axon, thickness of myelin sheath, perimeter of
nerve fibers, etc were not yet investigated thoroughly.
Purpose of this study is to estimate the precise and
detailed changes of myelinated and unmyelinated
peripheral nerve fibers by unbiased stereological
techniques in experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy.
Quantitative studies of nerve fibers are invaluable for
studying experimental, developmental and pathological
changes. With stereological techniques it is now
possible to obtain precise and unbiased estimates of
both number and sizes of axons from a small sample
of axons.
L09-03

14:40-15:10
Integration Confocal Stereology with DesignBased Stereology: Julie Simpson; MBF Bioscience,
USA
Confocal microscopy has become the gold standard
for positive identification of fluorescently labeled
tissue and determination of co-localization. Traditional epi-fluorescent techniques can be unreliable
for precisely identifying co-localization due to the
contribution of out of focus light. Design-based
stereology has become the gold standard for
accurately quantifying cell number within biological
specimens. Therefore, coupling confocal microscopy
with design-based stereolgy is a powerful technique
that can be used for simultaneous and precise
unbiased quantification of multiple cell types and
co-localization. Further enhancing the power of this
technique is the ability to quantify fluorescently
labeled tissue live or off-line from acquired confocal
image stacks.
L09-04

17

L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM

and Their Applications
Organized by Kuniaki Nagayama and Youn-Joong
Kim
Room 302
15:20 ~ 18:05

ORAL MONDAY

Chair: M. Marko
15:20-15:40 Invited
In-focus Phase Contrast: Present State and Future
Developments: R.R. Schrder1, B. Barton2, K.
Schulthei3, B. Gamm3 and D. Gerthsen3; 1Bioquant,
CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg,
Germany, 2Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Maxvon-Laue Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt /Main, Germany,
3
Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University
Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
The advantages of in-focus phase contrast over the
conventional bright-field defocus contrast of weak
phase objects will be illustrated and different
implementations of carbon-film based phase plates
and electro-static devices such as einzel lenses or a
drift tube will be discussed. As examLes from our
own labs we will describe Hilbert phase contrast
tomography and the novel Phase contrast Aberration
Corrected Electron Microscope, the so-called PACEM
project in collaboration with Carl Zeiss-NTS. Finally,
we will discuss future developments, such as an
obstruction-free electrostatic phase plate and dedicated
optics (anamorphotic Boersch-type) and a completely
novel electrostatic Hilbert phase plate.
L11-01

15:40-16:00 Invited
Development and Application of Zernike Electrostatic Phase Plate: Practice and Theory: F.R. Chen1,2,
S.H. Huang1, Jessie Shiue2, Yeukuang Hwu2, WeiHau Chang3, Ji-Jung Kai1, F.G. Tseng1 and Chia
-Seng Chang2; 1Dept. of Engineering and System
Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan,
ROC, 2Institute of Physics, Academic Sinica, Taiwan,
ROC, 3Institute of Chemistry, Academic Sinica,
Taiwan, ROC
The improvement of Si based micro-machining
technique allows us to produce an electrostatic microlens (Einzel phase plate). Alternation of phase with
Einzel phase plate has been shown by several groups
and the contrast enhancement with Einzel electrostatic phase plate is demonstrated in SiO2/SiONX
interface containing of higher averaged Z element. A
further application in biological specimen containing
averaged low Z elements such as carbon and hydrogen
atoms) needs a smaller phase plate size to conform
the cutoff frequency requirement. The practical
difficulties and the solutions to the electro-static

18

phase plate of smaller size such as tilting of phase

plate, contamination, radiation damage, limitation of
the illumination, monitoring of workablility of phase
plate and integration with TEM system will be will
be discussed in detail in my talk.
L11-02

16:00-16:15
Progress on Implementation of a Drift-tube
Design for an Electrostatic Phase-contrast
Aperture: R.M. Glaeser1, D. Typke1, K.H. Downing1,
R.A. Nordmeyer2, E.W. Cornell2, R. Cambie2 and J.J.
Jin2; 1Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley,
2
Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley
Proof-of-concept experiments have previously
shown that a Drift tube type of microfabricated
electrode can be used as an electrostatic phase plate
for transmission electron microscopy. Further development
of this concept requires (1) that the scale of
microfabricated features be reduced to 500 nm or less
and (2) that technology be established that prevents
unwanted charging of the device during use. We
report that deep UV photolithography can be used for
microfabrication of devices with the desired feature
size, and experiments are currently under way to
determine the effectiveness of heating such apertures
during use.
L11-03

16:15-16:35 Invited
An Aharonov-Bohm Effect Design for Hilbert
Differential Phase Contrast: Kuniaki Nagayama1,
Radostin Danev1, Hiroshi Okawara1, Kazuo Yamamoto2,
Tsukasa Hirayama2 and Atsushi Kitayama2; 1Okazaki
Inst. Integrative Biosci. & Nat. Inst. Physiol. Sci.,
NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan, 2JFCC, Nagoya
456-8587, Japan 3. Terabase Co., Okazaki 444-8787,
Japan,
The function of new phase plate (AB phase plate)
is based on the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect. This
phase plate is equivalent to the Hilbert phase plate
previously realized with carbon films. New phase
plate utilizes vector potential generated by a submicron bar magnet and any information breaking
scattering of electron will not occur except for the
portion of the magnetic nano-wire. Two methods
using a submicron wire of electron biprism and a FIB
fabricated submicron platinum wire were tested for
fabrication. We will show electron holographic results monitoring the phase retardation around a
magnetic nano-wire and TEM results obtained for
biological specimens.
L11-04

16:35-16:45 Coffee break

Chair: K. Nagayama

17:05-17:20
Zernike Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy of IceEmbedded Influenza A Virus: M. Yamaguchi1, H.
Okada1, R. Danev2, K. Nishiyama3, K. Sugawara3
and K. Nagayama2; 1Medical Mycology Research
Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku,
Chiba, Japan, 2Okazaki Institute for Integrative
Bioscience, National Institute of Natural Sciences,
Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Japan, 3The Chemo-SeroTherapeutic Research Institute, Kikuchi Research
Center, Kyokushi, Kikuchi, Kumamoto, Japan
The ultrastructure of the frozen-hydrated influenza
A virus was examined by Zernike phase contrast
electron microscopy. Using this new microscopy, not
only lipid bilayers but also individual glycoprotein
spikes on viral envelopes were clearly resolved with
high contrast in micrographs taken in focus. In
addition to spherical and elongated virions, three
other classes of virions were distinguished on the
basis of the features of their viral envelope: virions
with a complete matrix layer, which were the most
predominant, virions with a partial matrix layer, and
virions with no matrix layer under the lipid bilayer.
About 450 glycoprotein spikes were present in an
average-sized spherical virion. Eight ribonucleoprotein complexes were distinguished in one viral
particle. Thus, Zernike phase contrast electron
microscopy is a powerful tool for resolving the
ultrastructure of viruses, because it enables highcontrast images of ice-embedded particles. L11-06
17:20-17:35
Observation of Polyphosphate Bodies and Newly
Synthesized DNA in Cyanobacteria by HDC-

ORAL MONDAY

16:45-17:05 Invited
Use of a Zernike Phase Plate for Cryo-Electron
Tomography: M. Marko, C.-E. Hsieh and C. Mannella;
Resource for Visualization of Biological Complexity,
Wadsworth Center, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY,
USA
The near-native cell ultrastructure can be studied
in 3-D by cryo-electron tomography of frozenhydrated specimens. For a given specimen thickness,
target resolution, and accelerating voltage, there is a
threshold for the total electron dose that can be used
for collecting a tilt series without inducing significant
electron-irradiation damage. In-focus phase-plate imaging
improves contrast and allows images of frozenhydrated specimens to be recorded at a lower
electron dose. This allows the number of tilt images
to be increased, resulting in higher tomographic
resolution. We will share our experiences with
implementation of phase-plate imaging for cryoelectron tomography in an unmodified TEM.
L11-05

TEM: Y. Kaneko1, K. Nitta2 and K. Nagayama3;

Biology Section in the Faculty of Education, Saitama
University, Saitama, Japan, 2Okazaki Institute for
Integrative Biosciences, 3National Institutes of Natural
Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
The ultrastructure of ice embedded whole cyanobacterial cells was observed with a Hilbert differential
contrast transmission electron microscope. We
attempted to identify in vivo DNA by incorporation
of BrdU, which conferred electron density to newly
synthesized DNA in cyanobacterial cells. Localization of
BrdU was confirmed by fluorescently labeled antiBrdU antibodies and EDX analysis of ultrathin
sections. BrdU incorporation was most conspicuous
at cellular poles and co-localization of Br and P was
detected at polyphosphate bodies and DNA structures.
Various electron dense fibril structures could be
recognized by HDC-TEM in those areas that were
electron dense due to BrdU incorporation.
L11-07
1

17:35-17:50
Direct Observation of Ice-Embedded Cyanobacteria by Using High Voltage Electron Microscope Equipped with Zernike Phase Plate: Hideki
Shigematsu1, Koji Nitta1, Radostin Danev1, Youn-Jong
Kim2 and Kuniaki Nagayama1; 1Division of NanoStructure Physiology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Myodaiji-cho 5-1, Higashiyama,
Okazaki, Aichi, Japan, 2Division of Electron Microscope
Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Yeoeundong, Yuseong-gu, Yuseong P.olbox 41. Daejeon,
Korea
A method to investigate ultrastructures of cellular
organisms, especially for membrane systems has
been developed in combination of transmission
electron microscope (TEM) and cryo-fixation techniques.
A cryo-TEM equipped with phase plate made of thin
carbon film had been applied for direct observation
of ice-embedded cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp.
PCC7942 cell. But still we have difficulties for
thicker part in the cell. Here, we developed the phase
plate for HVEM at KBSI and evaluated its
applicability to ice-embedded cyanobacteria.
L11-08
17:50-18:05
TEM Techniques for Quantitative Size Measurem
ents of Rosette Nanotubes: Marek Malac1,2, Ray
Egerton1,2, Masahiro Kawasaki3, Kazuo Ishizuka4,
Gabor Borzsonyi1, Andrew Myles1 and Hicham
Fenniri1; 1National Institute for Nanotechnology,
Edmonton, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, T6G 2M9,
Canada, 2Dept of Physics, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, T6G 2G7, Canada, 3JEOL USA, Inc., 11
Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960, USA, 4HREM
Research Inc., 14-48 Matsukazedai, Higashimasuyama, 355-0055, Japan

19

Electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron

holography and transport of intensity approaches
were optimized and compared for low dose quantitative characterization of rosette nanotubes with
about 4 nm diameter.
L11-09

November 04, 2008

TUESDAY

I-02) SEM Instrumentation

ORAL TUESDAY

Organized by Jondo Yun and Brendan Griffin

Room 402
09:20 ~ 11:50, 14:00 ~ 16:00
Chair: Jondo Yun
09:20-09:50 Invited
Low Voltage Imaging in the FE-SEM:
Raynald
Gauvin and Camille Probst; Department of Mining,
Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University,
Canada
The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
equipped with a STEM detector is a new device
allowing new imaging possibilities at high spatial
resolution. This paper intends to show the possibility
of imaging nanomaterials, such coating or nanotubes.
I02-01

09:50-10:05
A Complementarity Experiment of Surface and
Cross-sectional Imaging for Mesoporous Materials by
Low Voltage, High-resolution SEM: Atsushi Miyak1,
Shuichi Takeuchi1, Kunji Shigeto1, Naoki Sakamoto1,
Mine Nakagawa1, Sho Kataoka2, Yuki Inagi2 and
Akira Endo2; 1Naka Division, Hitachi High-Technologies
Corporation, Japan, 2National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
Direct SEM imaging of Mesoporous silicas susceptible
to the incident beam are attempted at a low voltage,
800V. Optimum beam scan settings satisfy both
smaller beam illumination time per pixels and good
S/N ratio without charging or beam damage, by using
a FE-SEM. Mesoporous silica films inside the
microcapillary tubes reveals that the surface is
covered with approximately 10nm sized uniform
pores, and the highly ordered structure continues
overall from the view of the cross section. Surface
walls of mesoporous silica powders are compared
cross-section, postembedding particles milled by
broad ion beam milling system. This reveals their
uniform, cylindrical structures.
I02-02

20

10:05-10:20
Ultra High-Resolution and Low Energy Scanning
Electron Microscopy: D.J. Stokes1, L.Y. Roussel1, I.
Gestmann1 and R.J. Young2; 1FEI Company, The
Netherlands, 2FEI Company, USA
We present our most recent results involving ultra
high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
including very low energy energy SEM using beam
deceleration to reduce the energy of the primary
electron beam as it reaches the specimen, along with
other approaches to improve resolution. this talk,
using EELS with a 2- electron probe in the
near-field geometry and energy-filtered spectral
imaging in real space, we have unambiguously
demonstrate the existence of the uncommon SEP
excitations on the nanorod surfaces of various
semiconductors at energies near the interband
transitions and also from metallic nanoparticles in the
deep UV, non-metallic spectral regime.
I02-03

10:20-10:35
A Study for Elimination of BSE Topographic
Information by Imaging Middle or Low Voltages:
Masanari Furiki1, Masako Nishimura, Tomoyasu
Hirashima, Shigeru Kawamata, Sukehiro Ito, Yasuko
Aoki and Mine Nakagawa; Naka Division, Hitachi
High- Technologies Corporation, Japan
Elimination of topographic information from BSE
image is tried under the condition of middle or low
operating voltages (3-7kV) by different kinds of
SEMs and BSE detectors without any signal
calculation. The results of copper plate imaging
strongly suggests that topographic information can be
eliminated by BSE detectors because of BSE signals
relatively lower energy level. BSEs have other
information can freely pass because they have higher
energy level. BSE detectors themselves work as a
kind of energy filter at ranges between middle and
lower voltages.
I02-04

10:35-10:50 Coffee break

Chair: Raynald Gauvin

10:50-11:05
Charge Contrast Imaging of Insulators at the Low
Pressure in a FE-SEM: Y. Ji, Y.-Q. Zhang, L. Wang,
B. Wei, X.-D. Xu and C.-X. Liu; Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,
Beijing University of Technology, China
Under an incomplete charging-neutralization condition,
the localized charge results in a special contrast in

secondary electron image of uncoated insulating

samples. We observe the charge contrast image (CCI)
in a thermal field emission SEM at about 10-5 Pascal
for PbTiO3-Ni composite particle, patterned sapphire
and human hair. The CCI displays the difference
between non-conductive and conductive phase within
a PbTiO3-Ni composite particle. The CCI displays
the periodic bright/dark variations and indicates
highly/lowly strained regions of patterned sapphires.
The CCI shows the near-surface feature of the human
hair. The charge contrast leads to suppress surface
topography and enhance compositional variations.
I02-05

11:20-11:35
A Comparison of the Microstructures of a Modified Tridacna Squamosa Marine Shell and Archaeological Shell Beads from Ille Cave, Palawan,
Philippines by Scanning Electron Microscopy: P.
Basilia1, A. Bautista2 and K. Szab3; 1University of
the Philippines Archaeological Studies Program,
2
National Museum of the Philippines, 3University of
Guam
Application of SEM on biological and archaeological materials namely, marine shell specimen and
archaeological shell beads. SEM results of the Tridacna squamosa marine shell was compared to the
archaeological shell beads recovered from the Ille
Cave, Palawan, Philippines excavations to determine
the extent of the taphonomic changes. It is a pioneer
study on the taphonomic behavior of archaeological

11:35-11:50
Particle Analysis with LN2-free XFlash Detectors (SDD) at the SEM Some Applications and
Examples: Gabriele Murer and Dr. Bernd
Altrichter; Bruker AXS Microanalysis GmbH,
Germany
In the presentation the authors will discuss the
significance of energy resolution for particle analysis.
XFlash Detectors for example offer an unmatched
energy resolution of 125 eV at MnKa resulting at
excellent light element performance (e.g. 48 eV at
Carbon, 58 eV Fluorine). This is particularly important for low kV excitation voltages where the number
of counts is limited and the clear separation of
elements is desired.
I02-08

ORAL TUESDAY

11:05-11:20
Strengthening Mechanism of an Extruded Mg15Gd-3Y Alloy by Artificial Aging Treatment:
WANG Wen-yan1, XU Jing1, XIE Jing-pei1, WANG
Ai-hua2, HOU Jin-ling1, LI Ji-wen1 and WANG
Ai-qin1; 1School of materials science and engineering,
Henan University of Science and Technology, China,
2
School of materials science and engineering,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
China
A new type of extruded Mg-Gd-Y alloy was
strengthened to a high tensile strength of 450 MPa by
artificial aging treatment. Effect of artificial aging
treatment parameters on tensile strength and plasticity
was investigated. Furthermore, the corresponding strengthening mechanism was revealed by Scanning
Electron Microscope incorporating with energy dispersive spectrum, X-ray diffraction analysis, High
Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope. The
high tensile strength was contributed by coherently
dispersed and nano-sized Mg5(Gd,Y), MgGd3,
Mg24Y5 phase onto hexagonal magnesium alloy
matrix.
I02-06

marine shell beads in the microstructural level using

SEM.
I02-07

12:00-13:00 Lunch
13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chair: Brendan Griffin

14:00-14:30 Invited
Dynamic Observation and High Resolution Element
Mapping Study with LEEM and SR-XPEEM:
Takanori Koshikawa; Fundamental Electronics
Research Institute, Japan
Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and
photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) are now
widely used to observe the surface phenomena with
the dynamic and versatile manner, e.g., spinpolarized LEEM (SPLEEM), Spectroscopic photoemission electron microscopy (SPELEEM), X-ray
photoemission electron microscopy with synchrotron
radiation (SR-XPEEM)), X-ray circular dichroism
PEEM (XMCDPEEM), X-ray magnetic linear dichroism
PEEM (XMLDPEEM) and so on.
I02-09
14:30-15:00 Invited
Scanning Cathodoluminescence Microscopy and
Spectroscopy of Binary Oxide Nanostructures:
M.R. Phillips, S.M. Moody and C. Ton-That;
Microstructural Analysis Unit, University of
Technology, Australia
Simultaneous
scanning
cathodoluminescence
microscopy and low voltage scanning transmission
electron microscopy in a scanning electron microscope have been used to characterise individual
binary oxide nanowires and nanoparticles.
The re-

21

sults confirm the utility of the approach for this

particular application but also reveal that considerable care must be taken in interpreting the data.
I02-10
Chair: Takanori Koshikawa

ORAL TUESDAY

15:00-15:30 Invited
The Complexity of Material and Orientation
Contrast in Backscattered Ion and Electron
Imaging with SEM and the 'Orion He-based
Scanning Ion Microscope: Brendan John Griffin1
and David C Joy2,3; 1The University of Western
Australia, Australia, 2University of Tennessee, USA,
3
Center for NanoPhase Materials Science, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, USA
A study of the complexity of contrasts in backscattered
ions and electron images using conventional SEM
and the new He-based scanning ion microscope.
I02-11
15:30-15:45
Development of a Novel Real-time Stereo Scanning Electron Microscope with a Sophisticated
Manipulation System for Applying to Biomedical
Studies: T. Ushiki1, S. Ito2, Y. Sato2, H. Aoyama3, F.
Iwata4, E. Oho5, N. Baba5 and E. Takaoki6; 1Division
of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of
Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan, 2Naka Division,
Hitachi High-Technologies Co, Japan, 3University of
Electro-Communications, Japan, 4Shizuoka University,
Japan, 5Faculty of Informatics, Kogakuin University,
Japan, 6META Corporation Japan, Japan
Stereo image pairs of scanning electron microscopy
are usually obtained by sample tilting, while beam
tilting techniques were sometimes reported for
real-time imaging. However, real-time imaging of
stereo SEM is not still practically used mainly
because of the technical difficulties about beam
deflection, astigmatism correction and so on. In this
paper, we introduce a real-time stereo SEM, which
was newly developed by us especially for the
biomedical use. We also introduce a sophisticated
manipulation system which can work in the real-time
stereo SEM.
I02-12

the tilt angle up to an accuracy of 0.1. In this paper

an improvement of this approach is introduced,
which achieves automatic calibration data refinement
and traceable results. To demonstrate its accuracy, a
micro-contour artefact and a depth measurement
standard from the PTB (Physikalisch Technische
Bundesanstalt, Germany) have been measured.
I02-13

I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and

X-ray Spectrometry
Organized by Hion-Suck Baik, Hiroki Kurata and
Masami Terauchi
Room 402
16:20 ~ 18:00
Chair: Hion-Suck Baik
16:20-16:50 Invited
Development of a Nanotip-FEG and its Application
to STEM-EELS Analysis: H. Kurata1, S. Isoda1 and
T. Tomita2; 1Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto
University, Japan, 2JEOL, Japan
In order to enhance a performance of STEM-EELS
analysis, we developed a bright electron source, a
nanotip, consisting of a nano-protrusion on a tip apex
of W<111> emitter. In the present work, we demonstrate
capabilities of a nanotip cold-field emission gun
(FEG) mounted on a Cs-corrected STEM and its
application to EELS analysis.
I05-01

16:50-17:10
The Effect of Auger Electrons on X-Ray Microanalysis in the FE-TEM: Raynald Gauvin; Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University,
Canada
This paper presents the effect of Auger electrons
on x-ray microanalysis in electron microscopy of thin
foils. Their effect on the yield of x-ray emission and
on the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is
presented.
I05-02

Chair: Cheng-Hsuan Chen

15:45-16:00
Automatic Calibration for 3D Measurements with
the SEM: R. Danzl, F. Helmli and S. Scherer;
Alicona Imaging GmbH, Austria
Usually, 3D surface measurement with the SEM is
performed by using two input images. Since the
accuracy is strongly dependent on the correct tilt
angle, this is a rather error prone method. So, this
stereoscopic approach has been extended to a third
image which results in the automatic calculation of

22

17:10-17:40 Invited
Recent Development of Soft-X-ray Emission
Spectroscopy Instruments for a Conventional
Analytical Transmission Electron Microscope: M.
Terauchi1 and M. Koike2; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials,
Tohoku University, Japan, 2APRC, Quantum Beam
Science Directorate, Japan
Information of electronic structure of valence

electrons (bonding electrons) is imperative for

characterizing a material. A development of a softX-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) instrument,
referred as the original spectrometer, for a transmission electron microscope (TEM) presented us that
a density of states (DOS) of the valence band can be
obtained from a specified small specimen area. I05-03

I-03) HV-TEM
Organized by Youn-Joong Kim and Hirotaro Mori
Room 401
09:20 ~ 12:05, 14:00 ~ 14:45
Chair: Youn-Joong Kim
09:20-09:50 Invited
Studies on Electron Irradiation Effects in Metals
with HVEM: Hirotaro Mori, Kazuto Arakawa and
Takeshi Nagase; Research Center for Ultra-High
Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University,
Japan
It is well known that high voltage electron
microscopy (HVEM) possesses a number of advantages that cannot be afforded by conventional
electron microscopy. Two examples of the advantages
are: (i) the large observable thickness of specimens
which is necessary for three-dimensional observations
and for observations of the same phenomena as those
occurring in bulk materials, and (ii) the feature that
continuous observation of phenomena by a variety of
electron microscopy techniques is possible simultaneously with the introduction of point defects. In
this paper, topics of studies that were carried out by
employing advantage (iii) mentioned above, will be
presented.
I03-01

ORAL TUESDAY

17:40-18:00
Basic Design of Microcalorimeter Type EDS
System for Transmission Electron Microscope: T.
Hara1, K. Tanaka2, K. Maehata3, K. Mitsuda4, M.
Ohsaki5 and Y. Bando1; 1National Institute for Materials
Science, Japan, 2SII NanoTechnology Inc., Japan,
3
Kyushu Univ., Japan, 4Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency, Japan, 5JEOL Ltd., Japan
In order to improve the energy resolution of EDS
analysis on TEM observation, we have developed the
TES type microcalorimeter -EDS for TEM. The
target value of the energy resolution is 10eV (at
5.9keV), which is one order higher than that of the
current typical SSD type detectors. At present, we
succeed to detect an X-ray pulse by this system.
The basic concepts and design will be presented at
the conference.
I05-04

09:50-10:20 Invited
In-situ High-resolution High-voltage Transmission
Electron Microscopy for Industrially Important
Materials: Se Ahn Song1, Wei Zhang1, Hong Sik
Jeong2, Jin Gyu Kim3 and Youn-Joong Kim3; 1AE
Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,
Korea, 2Semiconductor R&D Division, Samsung
Electronics Co., Korea, 3Korea Basic Science Institute,
Korea
Phase transformation and crystal growth behavior
of Ge2Sb2Te5 were investigated systematically by
means of in situ heating (from room temperature to
500 ) of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy in a high voltage electron microscope with real-time monitoring.
Crystallization started to occur to amorphous
Ge2Sb2Te5 around 130. Large crystal growth developed on heating from 200 to 400, and single
crystalline grains grew up to 150 nm. Eventually the
onset of partial melting of thin Ge2Sb2Te5 foil was at
500 and liquid Ge2Sb2Te5 was observed for the
first time by high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy. Hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5 phase remains
after a subsequent cooling.
I03-02

10:20-10:35
Advantages of High Energy Electrons for Electron
Spectroscopic Imaging of Complex Structured
Nanoparticles: Y.-M Kim1, S. Kyung1, Y.-S Kim1,
Y.-J. Kim1, Y.-W Jun2 and J. Cheon2; 1Korea Basic
Science Institute, Korea, 2Department of chemistry
and nano-medical national core research center,
Yonsei University, Korea
In this study we simulated and estimated advantages of high energy electrons especially on the coreloss spectroscopic imaging for complex structured nanoparticles like Fe3O4-CoFe2O4 coreshell structure.
Finally, we demonstrated beneficial effect of high
energy electrons for their elemental mapping on the
Fe and Co L edges.
I03-03

10:35-10:50 Coffee break

Chair: Hirotaro Mori

10:50-11:20 Invited
In-Situ Atomic Resolution HVEM Studies of
Strontium Titanate at High Temperatures: F.
Phillipp1, P.J. Bellina1, S.B. Lee2, R. Messer2 and P.A.
van Aken1; 1Max-Planck Institute for Metals Research,
Germany, 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea, 3University of Cooperative Education, Germany

23

ORAL TUESDAY

Applications of the Stuttgart JEM-ARM1250 highvoltage atomic resolution microscope are presented,
with emphasis on atomic-resolution in-situ studies.
Investigations of Strontium Titanate at temperatures
between 900and 1000 are discussed in detail,
including surface reconstruction phenomena served
by profile imaging at 930 C and the growth of TiO
islands at 980 studied by both, profile and planview imaging.
I03-04

materials.

11:20-11:50 Invited
Energy-Filtering
High
Voltage
Electron
Microscope JEM-1300NEF for Multiple NanoStructure Analyses: S. Matsumura1,2, K. Yasuda1,2,
T. Daio2, E. Tanaka2, Y. Tomokiyo2, M. Itakura3, S.
Ooue4, S. Ohta5, T. Kobayashi5, K. Omoto5 and M.
Ohsaki5; 1Department of Applied Quantum Physics
and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan,
2
HVEM Laboratory, Kyushu University, Japan,
3
Department of Applied Science for Electronics and
Materials, Kyushu University, Japan, 4Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan, 5JEOL Ltd, Japan
This paper will report the present status of the
newly developed high voltage electron microscope
installed at Kyushu University. The functions, specifications and some recent applications will be also
demonstrated.
I03-05

Chair: Syo Matsumura

11:50-12:05
Direct Imaging of Nanocrystal Formation in
LiFePO4: Sung-Yoon Chung1, Young-Min Kim2 and
Youn-Joong Kim2; 1Department of Materials Science
& Eng., Inha University, Korea, 2Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea
We show the formation of metal phosphate nanocrystals
at a high temperature using high-voltage electron
microscopy (HVEM), of which new developments
allow one to determine the structural variation in real
time in a variety of nanoscale materials. Lithium iron
phosphate (LiFePO4) was selected as a multiomponent model system for this atomic-level in situ
observation. Since the discovery of the impressive
lithium intercalation reaction in LiFePO4, a great deal
of attention has been paid to the phosphate as an
alternative cathode material in lithium-ion batteries
due to its outstanding thermochemical stability and
environmental benignity. In particular, the crystal
size is known to be one of the most significant
parameters among many other factors that determine
the electrochemical cycling performance of LiFePO4.
Thus, our present study will be able to suggest
practical approaches to the effective synthesis of
metal phosphate nanocrystals, as well as to elucidate
the fundamental mechanism for nucleation and
growth during crystallization of complex inorganic

24

I03-06

12:05-13:00 Lunch

13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

14:00-14:30 Invited
High Voltage Electron Microscopy in Neuroscience
Research: Im Joo Rhyu; Department of Anatomy
College of Medicine Korea University, Korea
Detailed morphology in cerebellar neurons includeing Purkinje cell, granule cell, basket cell and
satellite cell could be observed in Golgi impregnated
cerebellar slices with HVEM. Diverse Purkinje cell
dendritic spine morphologies were categorized into
several types and their normal distribution ratio and
morphometric characteristics were determined. These
characters of the spine were changed in response to
learning and memory. With relative thick section
serial sections of the cerebellum, efficient three
dimensional reconstructions were possible compared
with conventional TEM. Also, thanks to strong penetration power of HVEM, diverse morphology of
mitochondria could be analyzed without sectioning.
HVEM is one of the best options to explore nervous
system.
I03-07

14:30-14:45
Instrumentations for Cryo-HVEM in the Korea
Basic Science Institute: Youn-Joong Kim, Jong-Man
Jeong, Seon-Gyu Lee, Sang-Hee Lee, Jin-Gyu Kim,
Young-Min Kim, Su Jin Kim, Hee-Seok Kweon and
Sang Ho Oh; Division of Electron Microscopic
Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea
Cryo-EM studies using HVEM on soft samples
such as biological materials or organic materials
consisted of light elements have not been well
explored probably because of instrumental limitation
as well as fear of irradiation damages by high energy
electrons [1]. We investigated practical solutions for
Cryo-HVEM problems encountered in our experiments: (1) temperature rise inside the HVEM due to
the long cryo-transfer holder with the contacting
crystal tip; (2) uncertainty of the real specimen
temperature; (3) inadequate tasks of cryo-transferring
outside the HVEM; (4) insufficient vacuum of the
dry pumping system; (5) uncertainty of structures
and properties of the embedding ice.
I03-08

I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and

Scanning Probe Microscopy
Organized by Haeseong Lee, Wonho Jhe, Hirofumi
Yamada
Room 401
15:00 ~ 18:05
Chair: Haeseong Lee

15:30-16:00 Invited
Subnanometer-resolution Imaging of Biomolecules
and Hydration Force Measurements by Frequency
Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy: Hirofumi
Yamada1, Shin-ichiro Ido1, Kei Kobayashi2 and
Yoshiki Hirata3; 1Department of Electronic Science
and Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan, 2Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Japan,
3
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology, Japan
High-resolution imaging in liquids by frequency
modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) is
severely hindered by the extreme reduction of the
Q-factor due to the hydrodynamic interaction between
the cantilever and the liquid. However, we recently
demonstrated that the use of the small amplitude
mode and the large noise reduction in the cantilever
deflection sensor brought great progress in FM-AFM
imaging in liquids. In this presentation subnanometerresolution imaging of biomolecules in liquids using
the improved FM-AFM is described.
I09-02

16:00-16:15
Development of TEM-STM System for In-situ
Investigation of Properties of Semiconductors: S.
Kim1, Y. Tanishiro1,2, K. Takayanagi1,2; 1Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Tokyo Institute of
Technology, Japan, 2CREST, Japan Science and
Technology Agency, Japan

16:15-16:30
In Situ AFM and Confocal Raman Microspectrometry Combined with Chemometric Methods
for Particle Imaging: S. Sobanska, J. RimetzPlanchon, M. Choel, C. Brmard and J. Barbillat;
Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman
(LASIR UMR CNRS 8516), Universit des Sciences
et Technologies de Lille, France.
Investigation of grain-like materials requires
analytical tools capable of providing physicochemical information at the particle scale. Confocal
Raman imaging using computer-controlled XY scaning and Z focusing combined with chemometric
methods can provide spectra characteristic of single
particle composition. Atomic force microscopy
(AFM) is a complementary technique to describe the
morphologyof particles with high spatial resolution.
This work reports results obtained on atmospheric
particles. Morphological and molecular characterization obtained by AFM and in situ Raman imaging
gave evidence of atmospheric transformation of aerosols such as coagulation of particles and chemical
reactions on particle surfaces.
I09-04

ORAL TUESDAY

15:00-15:30 Invited
Single-molecule Conductance Measurements by
UHV-STM: M. Fujihira, and S. Fujii; Department of
Biomolecular Enginnering, Tokyo Institute of Technology,
Japan
Measurements of reliable single-molecule conductance using the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) and the scanning tunneling microscopy
based break junction (STM-BJ) method are now a
key issue of single-molecular electronics. In particular, the effect of atomic details of single-molecule
junctions formed during cyclic formation and
breaking a metallic point contact with MCBJ and
STM-BJ on measured single-molecule conductance
values, Gsm, has been studied experimentally and
theoretically.
I09-01

Transmission Electron Microscope combined with

Scanning Tunneling Microscope in an ultra High
vacuum (UHV-TEM-STM) have been developed for
simultaneous acquisition of both High resolution
TEM and STM image. For preliminary test, we used
HOPG as a sample. As a result, we obtained STM
image of HOPG during electron beam irradiation,
which is essential for simultaneous observation.
I09-03

16:30-16:50 Coffee break

Chair: Masamichi Fujihira

16:50-17:20 Invited
Visualization of Confinement Potentials of Semiconductor Quantum Structures by Near-Field
Optical Mapping of Exciton Wavefunction: Y.
Sugimoto and T. Saiki; Department Electronics and
Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Japan
We performed high-resolution, near-field optical
imaging of exciton and biexciton emissions in a
single quantum dot. Significant displacement of the
center of emission profiles was found, in contrast to
the usual difference in the emission profiles of an
exciton and a biexciton. By conducting a numerical
calculation, such a displacement could be reproduced
by introducing a shallow potential dip, which causes
a significant difference in the penetration of the
wavefunctions into the barrier. Precise mapping of

25

exciton and biexciton wavefunctions of quantumconfined structures will provide a new probe for
weakly localized states due to local strain and
disorder.
I09-05

ORAL TUESDAY

17:20-17:50 Invited
NSOM System Optimized for SIL-based Optical
Memory and its Application: TaeSun Song and
Wonho Jhe; Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Center for Nanoliquid, Seoul National University,
Korea
The near-field scanning optical microscopy
(NSOM) having a form of planar waveguide was
designed and reviewed for a possibility to improve
the signal transfer performance and manufacturing
efficiency while maintaining the constant performance.
Such near-field optical system was checked in order
to improve the intensity of optical signal. The
cover-layered solid immersion lens (SIL) was used
for the repeated usage. In particular, the multilayer
and multi-channel NSOM to enhance the signal
transfer rates was designed and reviewed. It is also
discussed whether the performance in 3D or superHDTV is applicable or versatile enough in the
biological research from the point of view of spatial
frequency.
I09-06
17:50-18:05
Electric Field Vector Imaging of Surface Plasmon
Generated by a Single Slit: H.W. Kihm, K.G. Lee, J.
S. Ahn, K.J. Ahn and D.S. Kim; Department of
Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University,
Korea
Here, we show electric vector imaging using
polarizer combined apertureless type NSOM. Surface
plasmon polariton (SPP) generated by single slit is
studied using polarization resolved NSOM. Polarization resolved near-field images distinguish SPP
from other diffracted light, showing both how SPP is
emanating from the slit aperture and how propagating SPP generates standing wave patterns on the
metal surface. These observations demonstrate that
polarization resolved near-field measurement provides new information not available in conventional
techniques.
I09-07

M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels

Organized by Keesam Shin
Room Samda2
09:20 ~ 12:00, 14:00 ~ 17:20

Chair: K. Shin

26

09:20-09:50 Invited
Effect of Nb and Cu Addition and Grain Size on
the Distribution of Carbon in Ultra Low Carbon
Steels: D.H. Yoo1, J.H. Seo1, J.B. Yoon2, C.G. Park3,
D.Y. Park1, C.G. Lee1 and K. Shin1; 1School of Nano
and Advanced Materials, Changwon National University,
Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Laboratory,
Korea, 3School of Materials and Science Engineering,
Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology, Korea
In this study, we wanted to see the effect of
additional Cu and Nb on the carbon distribution and
grain size in the grain interior and grain boundary,
respectively. For the observation, we fabricated two
specimens of ultra low carbon steel; (A) with Cu and
without Nb, (B) with Nb and without Cu. And we
examined the distribution of carbon in the matrix and
grain boundary by pulsed laser atom probe and the
difference of formation of precipitates in two types of
materials by transmission electron microscopy.
From atom probe results about specimen B, we
found a segregated region of carbon, boron, and
phosphorus atoms which coincides with the grain
boundary observed in secondary electron microscope.
In case of carbon, maximum value of concentration
in this region is about 1.3 at%., which is about 70
times higher than that in the grain interior. M04-01
09:50-10:05
Prediction of the Delamination Occurrence in the
Cold Drawn Steel Filaments by Using Atom Probe
Tomography: Y.S. Yang1, J.G.. Bae3 and C.G..
Park1,2; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (POSTECH), Korea,
2
National Center for Nanomaterials Technology
(NCNT), POSTECH, Korea, 3R&D center KISWIRE,
Korea
Layer-integrated steels (LIS) are constructed by soft
and hard steel layers are of interest for structural
applications because of their excellent mechanical
properties. The LIS used in this study is composed of
commercial-grade steel SUS304 and SCM415. The
layered sample was produced by a cold rolling
process, and then annealed. During this procedure, a
short time annealing was found to be a key process,
since the interface strength of the LIS dramatically
increases after annealing. In this paper, we describe
the microstructure evolution of the interface between
the SUS304 and SCM415 layers during annealing, by
using STEM with EDS.
M04-02
10:05-10:20
Three-dimensional TEM Observation of Porous
Platinum Layers Formed on Porous Silicon by
Immersion Plating: Junichi Shimanuki1, Masanori
Hayase2 and Takashi Ishiguro2; 1Research Department,
NISSAN ARC, LTD., JAPAN, 2Tokyo University of
Science, Japan

a new concept that even as small as 0.01% copper

plays as a sulfide-former, although it has been
regarded as one of unavoidable impurities in steel
getting into during steelmaking process and it has
been believed that copper exists as solid solution and
has no effect on any precipitations in steel. Our
analytical approach is mainly based on TEM &
energy-filtered EELS elemental mappings and these
results are backed up with chemical analyses. Two
types of copper sulfide (Cu-S) exist in a steel with
only a sulfide-former of Mn as free-standing-typed
and coating-typed on MnS. In Ti-added steel, Cu-S
exists at an overlapped area of TiS and Ti4C2S2 in a
multi-phase-conjugated sulfide. Also, a mechanism
to form Cu-S is also discussed .
M04-05

10:20-10:35
HRTEM Study for the Effect of Ag/Cu Addition
on Precipitates in Al-Mg-Si Alloys: K. Matsuda1, J.
Nakamura2, T. Kawabata1, T. Sato3 and S. Ikeno1;
1
Graduate School of Science & Engineering for
Research, University of Toyama, Japan, 2Graduate
School of Science & Engineering for Education,
University of Toyama, Japan, 3Graduate School of
Science & Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology,
Japan
It is well known that excess Mg, additon of Cu and
Ag causes increased hardness, elongation and
extrusion resistance than Al-Mg2Si quasi-binary
alloy. In this work, the age-hardening of excess Mg
type Al- 1.0 mass% Mg2Si- 0.4 mass% Mg alloys
with 0.5 mass% Ag or 0.5 mass% Cu have been
investigated. It showed an increase in hardness and
age-hardening response. Precipitates in those alloys
aged at 523 K have been observed by high resolution
transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and
classified into five types. The beginning of precipitation of the beta'-phase has been affected by additional elements, and a new phase has been found in
those alloys.
M04-04

11:15-11:30
On Nucleation Behaviour of Phase Transformation in -type Ti-Mo Alloys: E. Sukedai;
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering,
Okayama University of Science, Japan
To clarify beta-omega phase transformation mechanism, nucleation behavior due to stress-aging and
cooling to 131 K was investigated. In stress-aging,
nucleation-sites increase with stressing and increasing aging time. It is found that nucleation needs
incubation-time, and a stressing does not affect
growth of aged omega- particles. As a specimen was
cooled to 131 K without electron irradiation, omegaparticles appeared. The nucleation behavior is
sensitive to electron beam irradiation. Reproducibility of nucleation by cooling was not recognized.
Heterogeneous and fluctuating distribution of vacancy-clusters and solute atoms will be predicted as
nucleation-sites. This prediction might be reasonable
in the stress-aging.
M04-06

10:35-10:45 Coffee break

Chair: Man Ling Sui

10:45-11:15 Invited
New Concept of Sulfide Precipitation in Steel
Involving a Trace Level of Copper: Yasuhide Ishiguro1
and Kotaro Kuroda2; 1Steel Research Laboratory,
JFE Steel Corporation, JAPAN, 2Department of
Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University,
Japan
Sulfide precipitation in steel is reviewed by adding

ORAL TUESDAY

Porous platinum layers formed on porous silicon

fabricated with MEMS (MicroElectromechanical
Systems) techniques have attracted attention as one
of the key material for building micro fuel cells
because it allows the integration of the catalyst layer
and electrodes. In the present study, we used threedimensional observation using electron tomography
to examine the effectiveness of evaluating the nanostructure of porous platinum layers formed on porous
silicon. In conclusion, it was found that Pt replaced
Si at porous platinum layer. The morphology of the
porous platinum was formed by partially connected
particles about several ten nm in diameter. And it
reveals the presence of small protuberances on the
particles.
M04-03

11:30-11:45
Voiding from Interfacial Impurities in SnBi/Cu
Solder Interconnects: Pan-Ju Shang1, Zhi-Quan
Liu1, D.X. Li1 and Jian-Ku Shang2; 1Shenyang
National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute
of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
China 2Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
USA
Voids are often found at solder interfaces, especially
with copper metallization, following long-term aging.
So far the voids are widely believed to form because
of the Kirkendall effect. Here we present evidence
for a different mechanism of void formation at solder
interfaces. In the as-reflowed state, high resolution
transmission electron microscopy revealed a clean
and void-free interface. Upon aging, impurity atoms
migrated to the interface and formed nanoparticles
along a preferred orientation. Once impurity atoms

27

have occupied the interfacial sites and form immobile

particles, diffusion flux became highly localized,
resulting in voids around the impurity particles.
M04-07

ORAL TUESDAY

11:45-12:00
Electron Microscopy and Dry Wear Property of
Destabilised 18wt%Cr-3wt%C-6.7wt%Mo High
Chromium Iron: A. Wiengmoon1, T. Chairuangsri2,
N. Chomsang2 and J.T.H. Pearce3; 1Department of
Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University,
Thailand, 2Department of Industrial Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand,
3
National Metals & Materials Technology Centre,
Thailand
An iron containing 18wt%Cr-3wt%C-6.7wt%Mo
was investigated. The as-cast specimen was destabilised,
followed by air cooling to room temperature.
Tempering after destabilisation was performed. The
result from SEM revealed that the as-cast microstructure consisted of austenite dendrites and eutectic
M7C3 carbide together with Mo-rich eutectic carbide
in a lamellar form. After destabilisation, secondary
carbide was precipitated within the martensite matrix.
The SADP confirmed that the eutectic carbide, Morich carbide and secondary carbide are M7C3.
Destabilisation increased the macrohardness and dry
wear resistance. Maximum macrohardness was obtained
after the destabilisation plus tempering, however the
wear resistance was lower than the destabilsed sample.
M04-08

12:00-13:00 Lunch
13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chairs: Tung Hsu and Y. Ikuhara

14:00-14:30 Invited
Dynamical Processes of Twin Boundary Migration
and Dislocation Emission from Twin Boundaries:
Y.B. Wang and M.L. Sui; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Recent experiments show that the introduction of
nanoscale growth twins to ultrafine grains leads to
significant increases in both strength and ductility.
Understanding the role played by twin boundaries during
deformation is becoming of increasing importance.
The real-time experimental evidences for twin boundary
migration and twin boundaries acting as dislocation
sources are presented, by carring out in situ tensile

28

straining experiments inside a transmission electron

microscope. Such a study is especially valuable in an
attempt to understand deformation mechanisms of
various metals and alloys including growth twins or
deformed twins.
M04-09

14:30-14:45
Evaluation of the Microstructural Characteristics
and Corrosion Behavior of Zirconium Alloy:
Hyun-Gil Kim, Jeong-Yong Park, Byung-Kwan Choi
and Yong-Hwan Jeong; Fusion Technology Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute,
Korea
Zirconium alloys have been used as a fuel cladding
in a nuclear reactor, since these alloys have a good
corrosion resistance and mechanical strength at a
reactor operating temperature, and a neutron stability.
Corrosion and mechanical properties of Zr alloys are
controlled by the used alloying elements. From a
study for the alloying effect on a corrosion behavior
was considerably affected by Nb rather than the other
elements. For a better understanding of the correlation
between a corrosion and a microstructure, it is
necessary to study a phase transformation with an
annealing condition for Zr-Nb alloys. So, in this
work, Zr-5wt.%Nb alloy specimens with different
phase characteristics were prepared with various
annealing conditions. A microstructural study and
corrosion test were performed to investigate the
effect of a phase such as the phase type, fraction, and
size on a corrosion.
M04-10
14:45-15:00
Displacive-Diffusional Transformation of -Ni3Ti
(HCP) Intermetallic Phase to Austenite (FCC)
during Aging of an Fe-Ni-Ti Alloy: Yoon-Uk Heo1,
Masaki Takeguchi1, Hu-Chul Lee2 and Kazuo
Furuya1; 1High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station,
National Institute for Materials Science, Japan,
2
Department of Material Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Korea
Displacive-diffusional transformation in solid-state
materials was studied very long periods. However,
the understanding of this transformation has been
divided into two-disputed groups. One group insisted
this type of transformation to phenomenological theory
of martensite crystallography (PTMC). Another believed
that this was well explained by the diffusion controlled
ledge wise growth mechanism. These two controversial points of view have no unity yet. In this study,
we tried to understand the mechanism of displacivediffusional transformation, that is transformation of
HCP h-Ni3Ti to FCC austenite (g), using a various
kinds of transmission electron microscopy techniques
such as phase contrast imaging, EFTEM, HAADF,
and EELS spectroscopy.
M04-11

15:15-15:30
Microstructure Evolution at SUS304/SCM415
Interfaces in a Layer-Integrated Steel: Taisuke
Hayashi; Department of Materials Science, School of
Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Layer-integrated steels (LIS) are constructed by soft
and hard steel layers are of interest for structural
applications because of their excellent mechanical
properties. The LIS used in this study is composed of
commercial-grade steel SUS304 and SCM415. The
layered sample was produced by a cold rolling
process, and then annealed. During this procedure, a
short time annealing was found to be a key process,
since the interface strength of the LIS dramatically
increases after annealing. In this paper, we describe
the microstructure evolution of the interface between
the SUS304 and SCM415 layers during annealing, by
using STEM with EDS.
M04-13

15:30-15:50 Coffee break

Chairs: Yasuhide Ishiguro and Sung-Joon Kim

15:50-16:20 Invited
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Gold/
Mercury Amalgam: Tung Hsu; Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing
Hua Univeristy, TAIWAN
Microscopic particles of Au/Hg alloys were formed
by evaporation of Hg on thin Au films. Structure of
these alloys was studied with transmission electron
microscopy. One structure, Au3Hg was identified.
M04-14

16:20-16:35
Deformation Twinning and Transformation in
a Metastable -Ti Alloy: H. Xing and J. Sun;
Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao-tong University,
China
In this work, deformation microstructure of a
metastable -Ti alloy with chemical composition of
Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-1.2O at.% was studied by highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). <111>{211} type deformation twinning and
associated stress-induced phase transformation
were observed in this deformed alloy. This plateshaped phase has one variant only, which is
favorably oriented with respect to the applied shear
stress. The formation of deformation twinning and
stress-induced nucleation can be explained by the
dislocation mechanism based upon the dissociation
of the core dislocation 1/2<111> into three 1/6<111>
twinning dislocations, and 1/12<111>, 1/3<111> and
1/12<111> trans- formation dislocations.
M04-15

ORAL TUESDAY

15:00-15:15
Effects of Deformation and Cooling Rate on the
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of API
X70 Linepipe Steels: J. S. Kang1, H. Yusen2 and C.
G. Park1; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pohang Univ. of Sci. and Tech. (POSTECH), South
Korea, 2Shougang Group, Technology Institute, China
Two types of API X70 grade steels, bainitic steel (a
mixture of acicular ferrite and granular bainite) and
ferritic steel (polygonal ferrite matrix with small
fraction of martensite), were fabricated at pilot plant
with varying deformation amount and cooling rate.
Both steels showed similar tensile strength level
around 650Mpa. But the higher density of mobile
a<111>/2 dislocations in bainitic steels resulted in
lower yield strength. Moreover, the trans-granular
crack propagation across granular bainite had
detrimental effects on impact transition temperature
in bainitic steel even though it contained highly
misorientated acicular ferrites.
M04-12

16:35-16:50
Analysis of Dislocation Structure on Twinning
Formation in High-nitrogen Austenitic Stainless
Steel: Tae-Ho Lee1, Heon Young Ha1, Chang-Seok
Oh1, Sung-Joon Kim1 and YunChul Jung2; 1Ferrous
Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials
Science, Korea, 2Test and Evaluation Center, Daegu
Machinery Institute of Components & Materials,
Korea
Formation mechanism of deformation twinning in
high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was suggested
based on the analysis of dislocation structures. At the
early stage of deformation, fault pairs composed of
stacking fault and bounding partial dislocations heterogeneously nucleated, and grew into overlapping stacking
faults, resulting in the formation of deformation
twinning. The deformation twinning had crystallographic component, and showed strong orientation
dependence with respect to tensile axis. Based on the
modified invisibility criteria, the twinning partials
were confirmed to be the 1/6[1-21]-type Shockley
partial, and the formation mechanism of deformation
twinning could be accounted for by the three-layer
twin model.
M04-16

Chair: Cheng-Hsuan Chen

16:50-17:05
Formation of Stacking Faults During Isothermal
Aging at High Temperatures in Mg-Zn-Y Cast
Alloys Studied by TEM: Jongbeom Lee, Toyohiko J
Konno and Kenji Hiraga; Institute for Materials
Research, Tohoku University, Japan

29

The Mg-0.7%Zn-1.4%Y alloys were annealed at

the temperature range from 573K to 773K and examined by using DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) in order to clarify the precipitation behaviors
of the alloys. The microstructure of the alloys was
observed using TEM (transmission electron microscopy) with a JEM-4000EX operating at 400kV. The
DSC analyses show an exothermic peak at 823K,
corresponding to the dissolution of 14H LPSO (long
period stacking ordered) structure in the -Mg matrix,
which increased as the annealing temperature increases.
Through TEM observations on the microstructure, it
was shown that the sample annealed at 573K possess
a number of stacking faults in the matrix; while 14H
LPSO was found to occur in other samples annealed
over 773K.
M04-17
ORAL TUESDAY

17:05-17:20
Two New Ordered Structures in Cu-Sn Alloy
Investigated by TEM: X. H. Sang1, L. L. Ye2, K. Du1
and H.Q. Ye1,3; 1Shenyang National Laboratory for
Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 2Microscopy
and Microanalysis, Department of Experimental
Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden,
3
Electron Microscope Laboratory, Peking University,
China.
Two new ordered structures have been found by
means of electron diffraction, HRTEM, STEM, EDX
in Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds, which are
generally present at the interfaces between solders
and conducting substrates in electronic packaging.
One structure is identified as the hexagonal D019
structure with lattice parameters of a = 0.548 nm and
c = 0.430 nm, and a space group of P63/mmc with
Cu at (1/6, 5/6, 3/4) and Sn at (1/3, 2/3, 1/4); Another
new phase should be called as Cu4Sn3 structure with
space group R-3, and its lattice parameters are a = b
M04-18
= c = 8.86 and = 90.34o.

M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain

Boundaries
Organized by Sang Ho Oh
Room Samda1
09:20 ~ 11:50, 14:00 ~ 15:30
Chairs: Fu-Rong Chen and Sang Ho Oh
09:20-09:50 Invited
Atomic Scale Imaging of Interface Effects in
Ferroelectric Thin Films: M.F. Chisholm and H.N.
Lee; Division of Cerebral Structure, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA

30

Calculations have shown that superlattices with

atomically flat, compositionally abrupt interfaces can
modify ferroelectric properties due to strain, changes
in bonding and charge compensation at the interfaces.
We have shown that it is possible to produce
structures hundreds of layers thick using two and
three perovskite building blocks. These films were
grown using pulsed laser deposition and stoichiometric oxide targets. Our CaTiO3/SrTiO3/BaTiO3
superlattices have exhibited a 50% enhancement in
ferroelectric polarization compared with BaTiO3.
More recently it has been shown that it is possible to
image the local polarization of ferroelectric materials.
Here, we show using simultaneous z-contrast/phase
contrast imaging in an aberration corrected scanning
transmission electron microscope that the cationoxygen distortions in ferroelectric thin films can be
quantified at the atomic scale. We will present data
showing the extent to which polarization varies at
interfaces between ferroelectric oxides and dielectric
or metallic oxides.
M03-01
09:50-10:05
Oxygen Pressure Dependent Microstructure in
Epitaxial BaTiO3-x Thin Films: Y. L. Zhu, S. J.
Zheng and X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory
for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72,
110016, Shenyang, China
BaTiO3 thin films are of technical importance due
to their potential applications in ferroelectric randomaccess memories and electrooptic devices. In this
letter, microstructures of a series of BaTiO3-x thin
films prepared by laser molecular beam epitaxy
under various oxygen pressure from 210-2 to 210-5
Pa have been investigated by means of transmission
electron microscopy. It is found that the defects in
BTO films change, in the order of lowering oxygen
pressure, from high density threading dislocations to
{111} stacking faults and nanotwins. It is proposed
that the formation of the {111} planar defects is to
relax the misfit strain in these epitaxial system.
M03-02
10:05-10:20
Ostwald Ripening of Coherent and Semi-coherent
Particles in Cu-base Binary Alloys: D. Watanabe,
C. Watanabe and R. Monzen; Division of Innovative
Technology and Science, Kanazawa University,
Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
In this study, we investigate the influence of
coherency change on the coarsening of Co or g-Fe
particles in a Cu-4wt%Co or a Cu-2wt%Fe alloy
aged at 773 and 973 K in detail by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and electrical resistivity
measurements. Application of the Lifshitz-SlyozovWagner (LSW) theory to coarsening data has enabled

accurate estimates of the coherent interface energies.

M03-03

10:35-10:50 Coffee break

10:50-11:20 Invited
Aberration Corrected Imaging an Exit Wave
Reconsturction of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A. I. Kirkland; Department of Materials,
Parks Road, Oxford, UK
Electron-Optical aberration correctors are now
firmly established as a key component in many
commercial Transmission and Scanning Transmission
Electron Microscopes installed around the world.
Equally, algorithms that recover the complex specimen

11:20-11:35
Quantitative Image Matching between Experimental and Simulated High-resolution Transmission Electron Micrographs: K. Du,1 F. Phillipp,2
and M. Rhle2; 1Shenyang National Laboratory for
Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,
Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,
2
Max-Planck-Institut fr Metallforschung, Stuttgart,
Germany
The effects of imaging parameters have been studied
on their roles of the severe mismatches between
experimental and simulated high-resolution transmission electron micrographs of sapphire along the
[0-110] direction. Image simulation and convergentbeam electron diffraction techniques have been
performed on misalignments of the electron beam
and the crystal specimen. Base on this study, we have
introduced an approach to achieve reliable simulation
for experimental images of sapphire on the [0-110]
projection by the use of iterative digital image
matching.
M03-06

ORAL TUESDAY

10:20-10:35
A Novel Method of Producing AlN Films on Al
Metal Substrates: D Kent1, G B Schaffer1, J
Drennan2 and T B Sercombe3; 1Division of Materials,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
2
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
In an important development of producing near net
shaped aluminium parts, Sercombe and Schaffer
reporteda method of infiltrating porous predetermined shapes with molten aluminium. A key step in
the process is the formation of AlN coatings on the
pre-impregnated parts which promotes wetting and
densification. From these observations and a need to
understand this process, a means to produce consistent
AlN films on aluminium surfaces has been developed.
This work revealed a complex growth mechanism
that resulted in AlN films growing out from the
original metal surface and, with a different mechanism,
growing into the bulk of the aluminium part, simultaneously. This is illustrated in figure 1. The quality of
the coatings can be well controlled in terms of both
the microstructure and coating extent by judicious
choice of atmosphere control. Detailed analytical
electron microscopy has revealed information about
the mechanism of growth. The role of magnesium in
the system is crucial and this plays a dual role in
controlling the oxygen content of the system and in
controlling the surface structure of the native
aluminium. The outward growing surface consists of
a composite of AlN needles and pure aluminium
metal and this important observation provides the
key to the growth mechanism. The inward growing
layer is directly tied to the formation of defects at the
surface that promote nitrogen diffusion.
M03-04

exit plane wavefunction from a series of images

recorded using one of several possible experimental
geometries have also advanced to the point where
several commercial software implementations utilizing
this approach are readily available. Morphology in
nanocrystalline metals and metal oxides is a key
feature in determining their fundamental properties
and in particular their catalytic activity and selectivity.
This paper will discuss the characterisation of
morphology with particular reference to surface
structure and composition using ultra high resolution
Electron Microscopy under aberration corrected
conditions. The correlation of this data with high
precision modelling to elucidate the effects of catalytic reaction conditions on morphology will also be
discussed.
M03-05

11:35-11:50
Interfacial Structure in Nbss/Nb5Si3 Composites:
L.L. He and G.M. Cheng; Shenyang National
Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua
Road, Shenyang 110016, China
Interfacial structure between Nbss and Nb5Si3 has
been investigated by high-resolution transmission
electron microscopy. Some misfit dislocations
existed at the Nbss/alpha-Nb5Si3 interface in heterophase systems of small lattice parameters difference
in the N1 alloy. The interfacial misfit dislocations
arranged periodically and one period of the misfit
dislocations was about 2.08nm. And we have used
the near-coincidence sites lattice theory to investigate
the geometrical structure of the interface. Some Nbss
precipitates formed in the alpha-Nb5Si3 phase in the

31

N2 alloy. The distribution of alloying elements at the

Nbss/alpha-Nb5Si3 interface has also been investigated,
and Hf was enriched at the interface.
M03-07

11:50-13:00 Lunch
13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chairs: M.F. Chisholm and A.I. Kirkland

ORAL TUESDAY

14:00-14:30 Invited
STEM Characterization of Grain Boundary Atomic
Structures and Segergation Sites: Yuichi Ikuhara1,2,3;
1
Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2NanostructuresResearch
Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya,
Japan, 3WPI Advanced Institute for Materials
Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
With recent advancements in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) yielding resolutions
on the scale of 0.1nm, we can now directly observe
the impact of impurity doping on the grain boundary
atomic structure. Z-contrast images obtained from
STEM intrinsically contain chemical information due
the acquisition conditions employed, and thus, the
location of the dopants can often be determined from
the image alone. The atomic structure of the grain
boundary is often rather complicated and the use of
atomic simulations, such as static lattice calculations
and density functional calculations, is required to
interpret the experimental results, in order to predict
the properties of the structures observed from STEM.
In this study, the well-defined grain boundaries in
Al2O3 and ZnO bicrystals doped with Y and Pr were
observed by using high-angle annular dark field
(HAADF)-STEM. Cs-correctd-STEM was used for
the present experiments (Cs-corrector attached
JEM-2100F, JEOL Co. Ltd.), and the HAADF detector with an inner angle greater than 60 mrad. was
used with an probe size about 0.1nm.
M03-08
14:30-15:00 Invited
Study of the Interface between the Hafnium Based
High-K Thin Film and the Si by Spatially
Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy:
Quan LI; Department of Physics, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory,
Hong Kong
Using electron energy loss spectroscopy performed in
a scanning transmission electron microscope, we
investigated the structure evolution of the HfO2 thin
film in the vicinity of the film/substrate interface.
We found that such interface was not atomically

32

sharp even in the case of the as-deposited HfO2,

variation in the symmetry of the local atomic
coordination was detected for a couple of monolayers.
Annealing of the film in the oxygen environment
significantly modified its interfacial structure and
chemcial composition. In order to improve the
interfacial stability of the high-K film on Si, we
introduced a third element Al to the HfO2 film during
the deposition. The addition of Al did not cause
much change in interfacical configuration for the
as-deposited film, but effectively reduced/eliminated
the interfacial silicon oxide formation during the
oxygen annealing process. The effect of Al on
high-K film/substrate stabilization is discussed based
on the experimental results and theoretical simulations.
M03-09
15:00-15:15
Statistical Analysis of Grain Boundary Cracking
Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction: S. I.
Wright and M. N. Nowell; EDAX-TSL, 392 E 12300
S, Suite H, Draper, UT 84020, USA
Electron Backscatter Diffraction is an excellent
tool for the statistical study of the crystallography at
grain boundaries and its effect on properties. The
application of EBSD and novel statistical tools to
grain boundary cracking in a nickel based superalloys is
described. The results show that the cracking preferentially occurs at grain boundaries along {111}
planes as well within grains stepping from one {111}
boundary to another.
M03-10

15:15-15:30
Investigation of Optical Property and Microstructure of Electroplated Ag for LED Lead Frame:
S.Y. Myoung,1 M.Y. Kim,1 H.J. Lee,1 Y.C. Park,1 C.H.
Kwak2 and B.K. Kim2; 1Analytical Research Group,
Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do,
Korea, 2Lighting module group, Samsung
Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
Leadframe in light emitting diode (LED)
packaging is known to play an important role in
LED's reflectance and reliability. As we know that
the emitted light at LED device distributed all
directions and then the light reached the surface of
the lead frame as large area in the LED PKG.
Therefore, the surface of the leadframe of LED PKG
must be total reflected for extracting out of PKG.
Since leadframe needs high reflectance at desired
wavelength range, silver-plated leadframe has been
industrially used. Fig. 1 shows a typical structure of
silver-plated ledframe for LED. The structureproperty-process relation of silver-plated leadframe
has, however, not been well understood. We investigate
the microstructure of silver layer including grain size,
surface topography and crystal structure and correlate
the structure to its optical property with emphasis on

reflectance. Two kinds of silver-plated leadframes

("A" and "B") are prepared by varying electroplating
condition. The microstructure is studied by employing
scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force
microscope (AFM), focused ion beam (FIB) and
X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reflectance is measured
using Nanospec by comparing the reflectance of a
sample to that of clean Si substrate.
M03-11

15:30-15:40 Coffee break

Organized by Do Hyang Kim

Room Samda1

15:40 ~ 18:10

Chairs: Konno Toyohiko and Do Hyang Kim

15:40-16:10 Invited
Structure of a Non-centrosymmetric Decagonal
Al64Cu22Co14 Studied by Ultrahigh-resolution
STEM: E. Abe and S. Taniguchi; Department of
Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo
7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Using electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we describe a
structure of the decagonal quasicrystal Al64Cu22Co14 that
provides the first example of a highly-perfect
decagonal structure that belongs to non-centrosymmetric
P-10m2. Details of atomic configurations within the
fivefold-symmetric cluster, a structural unit of the
present decagonal Al64Cu22Co14, will be discussed
using ultrahigh-resolution Z-contrast STEM equipped
with the aberration-corrector for the objective lens,
which has clearly revealed both the Al and Cu/Co
sites at resolution close to 1.
M07-01
16:10-16:25
Structural Transition of Carbon Nanoparticles
Caused by Energetic Collisions: Fengqi Song1,
Nigel marks2, Min Han1, Zongwen Liu3, Jianguo
Wan1 and Guanghou Wang1; 1National Laboratory of
Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University,
Nanjing, P. R. China, 2Dept of Physics, the University of
Sydney, Australia, 3Electron Microscope Unit, the
University of Sydney, Australia
The basic interest in the process of the energetic
deposition of flying nanoparticles led to a new
chance, which lies in the medium energy region
when the nanoparticles keep their integrity and have

16:25-16:40
Structural Relaxation in Amorphous SiC Studied
by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: M.
Ishimaru,1 A. Hirata,1 M. Naito,1 I.-T. Bae,2 Y.
Zhang2 and W.J. Weber2; 1Institute of Scientific and
Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,
2
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington
99352, USA
Thermally induced structural relaxation in amorphous
silicon carbide (SiC) has been examined by means of
in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The
amorphous SiC was prepared by high-energy ionbeam-irradiation into a single crystalline 4H-SiC
substrate. Cross-sectional TEM observations and electron
energy-loss spectroscopy measurements revealed that
thermal annealing induces a remarkable volume
reduction, so-called densification, of amorphous SiC.
From radial distribution function analyses using
electron diffraction, notable changes associated with
structural relaxation were observed in chemical
short-range order. On the basis of the alteration of
chemical short-range order, we discussed the origin
of thermally induced densification in amorphous SiC.
M07-03

ORAL TUESDAY

M-07) Amorphous Materials and

Quasicrystals

to respond to the energetic shock from the collisions.

We here report our experimental results on the
structural transition of the carbon nanoparticles that
is caused by such energetic collisions. The energydependent curve formed a line in the kinetic energysp3 ratio-size phase diagram of nanocarbons. The
nanoparticles were found to transform towards both
graphite-like and diamond-like directions after the
collisions. The rise of the sp3 ratio was discovered as
a special effect for the first time. MD simulation
confirmed the process.
M07-02

16:40-16:55
Formation Process of -FeCrMo Structure in
Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B-Tm Metallic Glass: Akihiko Hirata1,
Yoshihiko Hirotsu1, Kenji Amiya2 and Akihisa Inoue2;
1
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka
University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan, 2Institute for
Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan
Crystallization process of FeCrMoCBTm metallic
glass was investigated by means of transmission
electron microscopy. During the process, we found
two complex intermetallic compounds (-FeCrMo
and M23C6) including coordination polyhedra. In the
initial stage of -FeCrMo formation, non- crystalline
diffraction patterns with psuedo 10- and 12-fold
symmetry, which are related to symmetry of coordination
polyhedra, were observed using a nanobeam diffraction
method. This means that -FeCrMo probably forms
through rearrangements of the coordination polyhedra.
M07-04

33

Chairs: Eiji Abe and Ki Buem Kim

ORAL TUESDAY

16:55-17:25 Invited
Interface between Quasicrystal and Crystalline
Matrix in Al- and Mg-based Alloys: D.H. Kim, H.J.
Chang and J.Y. Lee; Center for Noncrystalline
Materials, Dept. of Metallurgical Eng. Yonsei Univ.,
Seoul, 120-749, Korea
It has been shown that stable quasicrystal forms in
Al-Mn-Be and Mg-Zn-Y system. In particular, two
phase microstructure of quasicrystal and crystalline
matrix forms directly from the melt during solidification,
indicating a potential role of quasicrystals as a
strengthening phase in the Al- and Mg-based
crystalline matrix. In the case of Al-Mn-Be alloy, the
icosahedral phase has an orientation relationship with
crystalline matrix, i.e. two-fold axis of icosahedral
phase is parallel to [001] zone axis of fcc Al matrix.
In the case of Mg-Zn-Y alloy, two-fold axis of
icosahedral phase is parallel to [0001] zone axis of
hcp Mg matrix with a certain degree of misorientation. Interestingly, these alloys exhibit a good
combination of strength and ductility. In the present
study, the enhanced properties have been discussed in
terms of interface structure between quasicrystal and
crystalline matrix with low interfacial energy.
M07-05
17:25-17:40
Microscopic Deformation Mechanism of a
Ti66.1Nb13.9Ni4.8Cu8Sn7.2 Nanostructure-dendrite Composite: K.B. Kim1*, J. Das2 and J. Eckert2; 1Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong
University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul
143-747, Korea, 2IFW Dresden, Institut fr
Metallische Werkstoffe, Postfach 270016, D-01171
Dresden, Germany
Systematic investigations on the microstructural
changes upon compression have been performed in
order to elucidate the microscopic deformation
mechanisms of the high strength and ductile
Ti66.1Nb13.9Ni4.8Cu8Sn7.2 nanostructure-dendrite composite. After 8% deformation, a rotation of -Ti
dendrites is observed during the interaction of slip
and shear bands. This rotation leads to the formation
of new slip bands in the dendrites. The -Ti dendrites
locally transform into a -phase during the interaction
between the newly and the previously formed slip
bands. The rotation of the dendrites causes local
volume changes at the interfacial areas between the
dendrites and the matrix, consisting of a mixture of
hcp -Ti and bct Ti2Cu phases. This induces a
rotational stress into the nanostructured matrix. After
further deformation up to 25%, the shear bands
penetrate the dendrite/matrix interfaces, producing
extra interfaces. The nanostructured matrix exhibits a
sandwiched microstructure in order to effectively
accommodate the shear strains. These results suggest

34

that structural coherency of the dendrite/matrix

interfaces is important for controlling both the
strength and the ductility of the nanostructure-dendrite
composite.
M07-06
17:40-17:55
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of
Bulk Metallic Glass Composites: J.K. Lee1 and
D.H. Kim2; 1Advanced Materials Division, Korea
Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 406-840,
Korea, 2Center for Noncrystalline Materials, Dept. of
Metallurgical Eng., Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749,
Korea
In this study, we report the microstructure and
mechanical properties of two types of BMG
composites fabricated by partial devitrification and
consolidation processes. The characterization of
interface between the matrix and reinforced phase in
the BMG composites also will be presented. Thermal
properties of the composite samples were studied by
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Structural
characterization was performed by X-ray diffracttometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM). Uniaxial compression tests were conducted at
room temperature at a constant cross head speed of
an initial strain rate of 110-4s-1.
M07-07
17:55-18:25 Invited
Heterogeneous Nature of Zr50Cu40Al10 Bulk
Metallic: K. Sato1, T. Kiguchi1, T.J. Konno1, Y.
Yokoyama1, T. Sato1, A. Ishii2 and F. Hori2; 1Institute
for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan, 2Department of
Materials Science, Osaka Prefecture University,
Sakai, Osaka, Japan
We report a heterogeneous nature of Zr-Cu-Al
bulk metallic glass, as observed by TEM and STEM.
The change in the heterogeniety is discussed in terms
of the free volume changes, as observed by positron
annihilation and differential calorimetry. The time
evolution of the heterogeniety of relaxed specimens
is also addressed.
M07-08

L-02) Cellular Electron Tomography

Organized by Sung Sik Han, Brad Marsh and Keiichi
Namba
Room 301
09:20 ~ 12:00
Chairs: Sung Sik Han, Brad Marsh and Keiichi
Namba
09:20-09:50 Invited
Multi-resolution Spatio-temporal

Analysis

of

09:50-10:20 Invited
Molecular Mechanism of Self-assembly and Its
Regulation of the Bacterial Flagellum: K. Namba;
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka
University, Japan
The bacterial flagellum is made of a rotary motor
and a long helical filament by means of which
bacteria swim. The axial structure of the flagellum is
constructed by self-assembly of proteins translocated
from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing
flagellum through its central narrow channel. The
axial proteins are exported by the flagellar type III
protein export apparatus, for which proton motive
force and ATP hydrolysis play distinct roles. The
structures of different parts of the flagellum revealed
by electron cryomicroscopy and X-ray crystallography will be presented and the assembly regulation
mechanisms will be discussed.
L02-02

10:20-10:50 Invited
Electron Tomography Characterization of cis-Golgi
Assembly and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in the
Arabidopsis Golgi Stacks: Byung-Ho Kang, Sebastian
Bednarek, Colleen McMichael and L. Andrew
Staehelin; University of Florida, USA
Plant Golgi stacks consist of 5~7 cisternae that are
classified into cis, medial, and trans based on their
positions and morphological features. We have
performed structural characterization of Golgi stacks
in high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted
Arabidopsis root meristem cells by electron tomography and immuno-electron tomography. Our tomography analysis revealed that assembly of Golgi
cisternae by COPII vesicle fusion and Golgi-to-ER
recycling take places in the cis-Golgi while cell wall

polysccharide synthesis and N-glycan modification

initiate from medial Golgi cisternae. These observations indicate that Arabidopsis cis-Golgi cisternae
play roles similar to those of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment of mammalian cells. L02-03

10:50-11:00 Coffee break

11:00-11:20
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Mitochondrial
Crista Topology; Function-linked Morphological
Change: Ji Young Mun1, Tae Hoon Lee2, Hyeon Sook
Koo2 and Sung Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences
and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea,
2
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science,
Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
Cristae of the mitochondrial inner membrane were
once viewed simply as a barrier that separated the
mitochondria into the inner matrix and intermembrane (IMS). In many types of eukaryotic cells,
crisate of mitochondria has a tubular shape. However
it is not clear that the mechanism by which cristae
morphology is established and maintained. The
dynamic structure of cristae plays a role in mitochondrial
functions. In the last 10 years, the technique of
electron tomography (ET) emLoying high voltage
electron microscopes and rapid freezing fixation
methods has revealed new information about
mitochondrial membrane structure. To study the
mechanism about morphological change of mitochondrial
membrane, we reconstructed 3-dimensional structure
of mitochondria having disorder in mitochondrial
protein.
L02-04

ORAL TUESDAY

Mammalian Cells Reconstructed in Toto in 3D by

Electron Tomography (ET): Brad J. Marsh1,2,3,4;
1
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 2ARC Centre of
Excellence in Bioinformatics, 3Centre for Microscopy &
Microanalysis and 4School of Molecular & Microbial
Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Queensland 4072, Australia
To map structure-function changes in the cellular
machinery residing within the beta cells of the
pancreas as they produce and release the hormone
insulin in response to different physiological demands,
we combine fast-freezing/freeze-substitution with
electron microscope tomography (ET) to conduct
comparative structure-function studies of pancreatic
cells and tissue isolated from mice and humans. To
complement numerous high (5nm) resolution
tomograms of the Golgi region in beta cells, we have
pioneered two separate approaches for imaging and
reconstructing mammalian (beta) cells in their
entirety in 3D at the EM level.
L02-01

11:20-11:40
Electron Tomography Shows the Three Dimensional
Actin Filament Architecture of Microvilli and
Terminal Web of Rat Absorptive Epithelial Cells:
K. Ohta,1 A. Sawaguchi2, R. Higashi3 and K. Nakamura1;
1
Division of Microscopic and Developmental
Anatomy, Departmentof Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan, 2Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan,
3
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Kurume
University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
The 3D architecture of the actin filament network
in microvilli and the terminal web of rat intestinal
absorptive epithelium were visualized by electron
tomography. Specimens were prepared by rapidfreezing and chemical fixation. Tilting image series
of ultrathin and semi-thin sections were acquired
by trans- mission electron microscope, respectively.
In rapid freezing, known actin filament structural

35

properties were extracted from reconstruction data.

The reconstruction of the actin bundle within the
microvilli showed that the bundle contained some
branching and irregular arrays of the filaments.
Electron tomography showed the complete actin
filament architecture of the bundle- terminal web
connection.
L02-05

ORAL TUESDAY

11:40-12:00
Electron Tomography of Chlamydia Trachomatis
at Different Developmental Stages: Zeng-wei Huang1,
Kunpeng Li1, Jiande Han2, Mukai Chen2 and
Qin-Fen Zhang1; 1State Key Laboratory for
Biocontrol,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen
University, Guangzhou, China, 2The First Affiliated
Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
This study is about Electron tomography of
Chlamydia trachomatis at different developmental
stages. Interestingly, several rod-like connections
between outer membrane and plasma membrane exist,
but neither in tomographic reconstructions nor in
conventional transmission EM have the formerly
reported cylindrical projections radiate from the outer
membrane been found. So it seems that the part of
projection which protrudes out of the outer
membrane is truncated, only leaving the stubs in the
periplasmic space. We tend to believe that projections of
Chlamydia trachomatis differ between variants of the
same species and the clinical strain of Chlamydia
trachomatis in this case, unlike other strains, possesses
truncated projections. Now that integrated projection
is not indispensable for survival, thus we hold the
perspective that projection once facilitated attaching
to the host cell and entry at the beginning of evolution,
but now plays a trivial role during parasitical life
cycle.
L02-06

Chairs: Su-Ja Oh, Se Jin Hwang and Stephen C.

Massey

14:30-15:00 Invited
In Vivo Imaging Using Two Photon Microscopy:
Yong Jeong; Department of Bio and Brain
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
Two photon microscopy is a laser scanning microscopy with long wavelength multi-photon fluorescence
excitation to capture high-resolution, three-dimensional
images of specimens tagged with highly specific
fluorophores. Two-photon excitation, which occurs
only at the focal point of the microscope, minimizes
the photobleaching and photodamage that are the
ultimate limiting factors in imaging live cells and
tissues. This advantage allows investigations on thick
living tissue specimens like tissue slices or in in vivo
situation and also on long-term temporal changes that
would not otherwise be possible with conventional
imaging techniques. In this talk, application of
two-photon system in in vivo system especially in
nervous system will be introduced.
L12-02

14:00-14:30 Invited
Confocal Analysis of Neuronal Coupling in the
Retina: Stephen C. Massey; Department of Ophthalmology and visual Science, University of Texas at
Houston, U.S.A.
The mammalian retina is a layered structure with 6
major cell types comprising a total of approximately

15:00-15:30 Invited
Role of Neuroglycan C, a Brain-specific Proteoglycan, in Neuronal Development: Y. Tokita1, S.
Aono1, F. Matsui1 and A. Oohira2; 1Department of
Perinatology and Neuroglycoscience, Institute for

L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology

Organized by Su-Ja Oh, Se Jin Hwang and Stephen C.
Massey
Room 301
14:00 ~ 16:00

36

60 different neurons. Photoreceptors, rods and cones,

are located in the outer nuclear layer and there are
separate rod and cone pathways through the retina for
dark or light adapted conditions. The inner nuclear
layer contains horizontal cells, bipolar cells and
amcrine cells. Finally, the ganglion cell layer
contains ganglion cells, the output neurons of the
retina. We have used multi-channel confocal
microscopy to view neuronal connections and the
distribution of gap junctions in the retina. Many
retinal cell types are electrically couLed by gap
junctions, which are abundant in the retina. Gap
junctions form essential pathways in some circuits
and they are responsible for signal averaging in
others. Gap junctions are composed from connexins
and at least four different neuronal connexins have
been found in the retina. Different cell types are
couLed via specific connexins with distinct
properties. Cones are coupled via Cx36 gap junctions,
thought to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, while
rod-to-cone coupling provides an alternative pathway
for intermediate light intensities. Horizontal cells are
very well coupled by Cx50 or Cx57 and provide
spatial averaging over a wide area. In the inner retina,
the AII amacrine cell network is coupled via Cx36
gap junctions to provide signal averaging in the rod
pathways. In general, the prevalence of gap junctions
in the retina may occur because signal averaging and
noise reduction are important strategies in the early
steps of visual processing.
L12-01

15:30-15:45
Confocal Microscopic Study of Dopaminergic
Amacrine Cell in the Rabbit Retina: I.-B. Kim,1
A.V. Barrero,2 J. Cha,1 S.A. Kim,1 J.H. Jeon,1 M.-H.
Chun1 and S.C. Massey2; 1Department of Anatomy,
College of Medicine, The Catholic University of
Korea, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Ophthalmology
and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical
School at Houston, Houston, USA
We have characterized dopaminergic amacrine
(DA) cells of the rabbit retina and analysed their
synaptic connections, by using double- and triplelabeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Our results confirm that DA cells have great
influence on AII amacrine cells and propose that
lobular appendages of AII amacrines may have at
least two different circuits, meaning that maybe a
circuit at stratum 1 of the IL is modulated by
dopamine, while the other at stratum 2 is influenced
by still an unknown neuroactive substance. In
addition, DA cells of the rabbit retina do not use
GABA as a neurotransmitter, unlike other mammals.
L12-04

15:45-16:00
FRMD4A Regulates the Permissivity of Glioblastoma-cells towards West Nile Virus Infection:
Pang Junxiong, Vincent1 and Ng Mah Lee1;
1
Flavivirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne
single-stranded RNA flavivirus, which has caused
large epidemics in North America recently. Though
human infection is usually asymptomatic, lifethreatening neurological disease, including encephalitis, can ensue in immunocompromised. Despite
advances in WNV research, specific drug therapies
have yet been approved for use in human. Here, we

show FRMD4A, a FERM domain containing protein

that mediates intermolecular interactions is likely to
regulate the permissivity of A172 cells towards
delaying WNV infection with the assistance of
confocal microscopy. This study would provide a
good starting point for future drug discovery work to
reduce neurological diseases.
L12-05

16:00-16:20 Coffee break

L-14) Laser Optics for Biology and

Nano-Biotechnology
Organized by Kwon-Soo Ha
Room 301

16:20 ~ 18:00

ORAL TUESDAY

Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center,

Kasugai, and 2Research Complex for the Medicine
Frontiers, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
Neuroglycan C (NGC) is a transmembrane
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the
developing brain. NGC is concentrated in dendritic
spines on neurons. Analysis of NGC knockout mice
revealed an increase of spine density on hippocampal
neurons and a deficit in spatial memory. Then, to
clarify the role of NGC in neuronal development, we
investigated the effect of a polyclonal antibody
against NGC on the morphology of cultured neurons.
Hippocampal neurons treated with the antibody are
characterized by an abnormal shape of spines and
less branched dendritic arbors. These findings
suggest that NGC Lays a pivotal role in neuronal
development.
L12-03

Chair: Kwon-Soo Ha
16:20-16:50 Invited
Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy for
Observing Molecular Dynamics in Living Cells:
Yasushi Hiraoka, Takako Koujin, Tomoko Kojidani,
Hiroko Osakada, Shohei Kobayashi, Masaaki
Iwamoto, Fumihide Bunai, Haruhiko Asakawa, Yuji
Chikashige and Tokuko Haraguchi; Graduate School
of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita,
Japan, Kobe Advanced ICT Research Center, NICT,
Kobe, Japan
Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for
observing dynamic changes of molecular localization
in living cells. However, its spatial resolution is
relatively low; in addition, fluorescence microscopy
can visualize only fluorescently-labeled molecules.
On the other hand, electron microscopy (EM) provides
information of cell structures in high resolution
although it cannot provide temporal information in
living cells, and is not easy to obtain molecular
specificity in imaging. To achieve molecular selectivity in
imaging at high resolution in the context of an entire
cell not only for fluorescently-labeled molecules, we
have developed a method of EM imaging combined
with live-cell fluorescence imaging. In this method,
living cells are first observed by fluore- scence
microscope, and then exactly the same cells are fixed
in situ during live observation, and subjected to EM.
This simple yet powerful method provides an
opportunity to combine the temporal and spatial
information of specific molecules in high resolution.
We designated this method live correlative light and
electron microscopy (live CLEM). Here we will
present an example of live CLEM in several cell
types including yeasts to humans.
L14-01

37

ORAL TUESDAY

16:50-17:15 Invited
Nanoparticles for Bioapplications: Quantum Dot
Imaging and Metal Nanoparticle Cancer Therapies:
Sungjee Kim; Department of Chemistry, Pohang
University of Science and Technology, Pohang,
Korea
Quantum dots (QDs) can be used for a platform
technology of bio-imaging applications, taking
advantage of their optical properties. We develop
II-VI and III-V semiconductor quantum dot systems
in conjunction with a family of modified Dihydrolipoic acids to meet the diverse demands of
QDs for biological applications. We also synthesize
near-infrared(NIR) emitting QDs, and have successfully endocytosized them into cancer cells in high
loading concentrations so as the QDs could be
long-term trafficked in vivo by house-built real-time
in vivo multiplexed imaging station. We synthesize
smart gold nanoparticles. They are stable at neutral
or basic environment, however their surface molecules
are designed to change their charges abruptly at a pH
lower than 7.0.
L14-02
17:15-17:40 Invited
Dissecting Signaling Networks by Cell Imaging
and Fluorescent Signaling Proteins and Protein
Domains: Won Do Heo; Department of Biological
Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury,
KAIST
Signaling networks in mammalian cells are built
from thousands of signaling proteins that carry out a
variety of cellular tasks including development,
proliferation, migration, and transformation. In this
talk, I will present our major research efforts in three
parts: studies on signaling networks using (i) ~1,000
signaling proteins, (ii) ~1,000 signaling domains, and
(iii) dicer-generated RNAi pools against 2,304
human signaling proteins.
L14-03
17:40-18:00 Invited
Ultrastructural Imaging of Cells: Beyond Confocal
Microscopy: Kwon-Soo Ha; Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National
University School of Medicine, Chunchen, Korea
For a couple of decades, confocal microscopy has
served as a key technology for 3-dimentional imaging
of cells and tissues, and for real-time imaging of
proteins and second messengers for cellular signaling.
However, because of limitation of confocal microscopy in resolution, new approaches for imaging at
higher resolution have been introduced. One of
them is atomic force microscopy, which is an emerging
technique for imaging molecular interactions and
cells at subnanometer resolution; however, this
method is not popular for cell imaging because it is
limited to analysis of surface topology. In this study,
we demonstrate new approaches for ultrastructural

38

imaging of microfilaments at the molecular level.

We investigated changes of cytoskeletons by confocal
microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Extracellular
ultrathin fibers formed by PDT were subjected to
analysis with tandem imaging of microfilaments
based on confocal microscopy and atomic force
microscopy. The ultrathin fibers were identified as
microfilaments by on-stage labeling-imaging using
atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, we revealed
by ultra structural imaging that microfilaments have a
stranded helical structure. Thus, these new approaches for ultrastructural imaging of microfilaments
may provide a breakthrough to overcome the limitation of fluorescence-based microscopy.
L14-04

L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity

Organized by Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yong Chul Bae
and Im Joo Rhyu
Room 302
09:20 ~ 10:50

Chairs: Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yong Chul Bae and Im

Joo Rhyu
09:20-09:50 Invited
Memory Traces in Short- and Long-term Cerebellar
Motor Learning: Ryuichi Shigemoto; Division of
Cerebral Structure, National Institute for Physiological
Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
Neurons communicate with each other at the
synapse. Elucidation of synaptic organization of
specific types of primary afferents, related receptors
and neurotransmitters may shed light on how the
sensory information is processed at the 1st relay
nucleus. We have investigated synaptic organization
of various primary afferents including lowthreshold
mechanoreceptive afferent, tooth pulp afferent,
nociceptive markers expressing afferents in each
trigeminal sensory nuclei (TSN) through neural
tracing methods, preembedding immunocytochemistry and reconstruction of boutons with serial
ultrathin sections. In addition, we have also investigated neurotransmitters in the axoaxonic synapse
responsible for presynaptic modulation and ultrastructural parameters related to synaptic release
through postembedding immunocytochemistry and
morphometric analysis with image analyzing program.
L08-01

09:50-10:20 Invited
Orofacial Somatosensory Processing in the Brain
Stem-synaptic Organization of Primary Afferents
in the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei: Bae Yong Chul;
Dept. of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of

10:20-10:50 Invited
Cerebellar Plasticity in Physiologic and Pathologic
Conditions: Im Joo Rhyu; Department of Anatomy,
Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Plant Golgi stacks consist of 5~7 cisternae that are
classified into cis, medial, and trans based on their
positions and morphological features. We have
performed structural characterization of Golgi stacks
in high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted Arabidopsis root meristem cells by electron tomography
and immuno-electron tomography. Our tomography
analysis revealed that assembly of Golgi cisternae by
COPII vesicle fusion and Golgi-to-ER recycling take
places in the cis-Golgi while cell wall polysccharide
synthesis and N-glycan modification initiate from
medial Golgi cisternae. These observations indicate
that Arabidopsis cis-Golgi cisternae play roles similar to
those of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment of
mammalian cells.
L08-03

10:50-11:00 Coffee break

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures

Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and
Toru Noda
Room 302
11:00 ~ 12:00, 14:00 ~ 15:15

Chairs: Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong, Jae-Hyun

Lee, Byoung Soo Chang, In Sun Kim and Toru Noda
11:00-11:30 Invited
The Structures Revealed by Zinc Iodide Osmium

(ZIO) Staining Method and Zinc Metabolism:

Toru Noda; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty
of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Aino University,
Higashi Ohda, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
Application of classical histochemical method,
zinc iodide osmium (ZIO) staining to light microscopy
and (high voltage) electron microscopy is reviewed
and possible interpretation of ZIO-positive structures
is discussed based on recent evidences of zinc
metabolism.
L06-01

11:30-11:45
Close To Silent Chromatin: A Metabolite
Involved SIR-Nucleosome Filament: Gunn-Guang
Liou1 and Danesh Moazed2; 1Division of Molecular
and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research
Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC, 2Department of Cell
Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
In budding yeast, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, the
Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4 proteins mediate silencing at
silent mating type loci (HML and HMR), the
telomeric DNA regions. The assembly of silent
chromatin is required histone deacetylation by Sir2,
then subsequent interaction of Sir3 and Sir4 with this
hypoacetylated histone region of chromatin, and
finally recruitment of more SIR complex along the
chromosome fiber to form the silent chromatin
structure (1). Sir2 couples substrate deacetylation and
NAD hydrolysis to the synthesis of a metabolite,
O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (AAR). However, the functional
significance of AAR in vivo is still not fully clearly.
We provided evidence to show that AAR, together
with a deacetylated histone H4 amino terminal
peptide, promotes the association of multiple copies
of Sir3 with Sir2/Sir4 and induces a dramatic
conformational change in the SIR complex (Figure 1)
that is., AAR directly involved in modulating SIR
complex assembly in vitro (2). We also found AAR
binds to both Sir2 and Sir3. But the C-terminal of
Sir3 fragment, containing an AAA ATPase-like
domain, does not sufficiently to bind to AAR.
Moreover, we had developed a chromatin affinity
precipitation strategy to demonstrate that AAR is Sir
proteins dependent association with heterochromatin
in vivo. Furthermore, we examined the association of
SIR complexes with yeast chromatin fragments by
using a partially purified system containing nucleosomes,
the three Sir proteins, and NAD. We observed the
formation of SIR-nucleosome filaments with a
diameter of less than 20 nm (Figure 2). The
formation of these filaments displays requirements
that closely mirror those observed for the formation
of silent chromatin in vivo (3). These results were
implied that AAR contributes to the formation of a
stable chromatin bound SIR complex and provides an
additional level of stringency for silent heterochromatin formation.
L06-02

ORAL TUESDAY

Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu,

Korea
Short- and long-term memory is believed to be
encoded by modifications in synaptic strength.
Morphological substrates for the modification,
however, have not been well demonstrated in vivo.
We used a simple, cerebellar motor learning task,
horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR), to study the
link between learning and underlying changes in
synapses and synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors.
To investigate learning-dependent changes in synaptic
AMPA receptors, we used SDS-digested freezefracture replica labeling. The results suggest that
memory traces for short-and long-term memory are
differently formed in the cerebellar motor learning.
Synapses which underwent long-term depression
may be eliminated in the course of consolidation
process of the memory.
L08-02

39

ORAL TUESDAY

11:45-12:00
Morphology and Ultrastructure of Blood Cells in
Jungle Cats (Felis chaus): J. Salakij,1 C. Salakij,1
N.-A. Narkkong2, S. Kamolnorranath3 and P.
Suthunmapinuntra3; 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen, Nakorn Pathom,
Thailand, 2Central Instrumentation Units, Faculty of
Science, Mahasarakarm University, Maha Sarakarm,
Thailand, 3Dusit Zoo, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
The jungle cats (Felis chaus) are relative longlegged, medium-sized cats (4-6kg) and found from
Middle East through much of Asia to mainland
Southeast Asia north of peninsular Thailand. Blood
samples from 4 adult jungle cats (2 males and 2
females) in Khaokeaw Open Zoo were collected
from cephalic vein. Light microscopy, scanning and
transmission electron microscopy were done using
standard methods. The morphology and ultrastructure
of red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes
and monocytes were not different from those of other
casts. The most blood cell morphology was similar to
thoseof flat-headed cats but the ultrastructure of
eosinophils and basophils were different from another
wild cat in South-east Asia. These results provide
more information on morphology and ultrastructural
features of blood cells in jungle casts.
L06-03

12:00-13:00 Lunch

microplicae, endothelium and collagen distribution.

In conclusion, primate corneal epithelium responds
rapidly to the OK treatment with significant epithelial
cell shape alterations. Keywords: orthokeratology,
cornea, epithelium, primates, microstructures.
L06-04
14:15-14:30
Ultrastructural and Morphometric Study of the
Effects of GLP-1 on the Lung in OLETF Rats:
TANG Xiu-ying,1 WANG Yu2 and GUO Xiao-hui2;
1
Department of Electron Microscopy, Peking
University First Medical School, Beijing, China,
2
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University
First Medical School, China
To study the changes of alveolar capillary basal
lamina (BL) and evaluate the effect of GLP-1 in
OLETF rat, a model of spontaneous development of
type 2 diabetes mellitus. OLETF, GLP-1-treated
OLETF/G, and control LETO rats were experimented.
The ultrastructure and BL thickness were examined
by electron microscopy and morphometry methods.
The BLs were thicker in OLETF rats than in LETO
rats (P<0.01) and thinner in OLETF/G rats than in
OLETF rats (P<0.01). Our studies suggest that the
alveolar capillary BL thickening is an ultrastructural
characteristic and GLP-1 intervention may decrease
the lung damage in OLETF rats. KEYWORDS
Diabetes mellitus, type 2, alveolar capillary, Ultrastructure, Morphometry.
L06-05

13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

14:00-14:15
Histological Changes during Corneal Reshaping
with Overnight Orthokeratology: A.L. Azian1, P.S.
Cheah2, B. Mohd-Ali3, M. Myint1 and N. Mohidin3
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda
Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Department
of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia, 3Department of Optometry,
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Orthokeratology (OK) utilizes rigid reversegeometry lenses to reshape the myopic cornea and
thus, reduce myopia. This study investigates the
impact of OK lenses on the corneal tissue. Nine
primates were used whereby one served as negative
control, and another eight were given OK treatment
for 4, 8, 16 or 24 hours. Histological studies in both
the control and treated corneas revealed that corneal
epithelium maintained 7 to 8 layers. OK treatment
did not influence the microstructures of microvilli,

40

14:30-14:45
Anatomical Characterization of the Oil Cells and
Oil Cavities in the Fruits and Seeds of Jatropha
curcas L.: Milarosa L. Librea1, Vivian S. Tolentino2,
Lorelle C. Trinidad3 and Vivian A. Panes4; 1Science
Area, Ateneo de Manila University, High School
Department, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines, 2Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila
University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines,
3
BIOTECH, University of the Philippines, LosBaos,
Laguna, Philippines, 4Department of Biology, Ateneo
de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City,
Philippines
This study aims to identify, characterize, and deter
mine the distribution of oil cells in the fruits and seed
sof Jatropha curcas at different developmental stages
obtained from Quezon City and Talisay, Batangas.Li
ghtmicroscopic observations revealed thick walled sp
hericaloil cells, with an oil filled sac and oil cavities s
urroundedby secretory epithelial cells. The thick-wall
ed oil cellis evident both in the Transmission and Sca
nning ElectronMicroscopy. Generally, oil cell count
was found higher in the seeds from both locations. T
hese findings provide potent information on the maxi
mum use of J. curcas as source of alternative energy
sources.
L06-06

15:00-15:15
The Foliar Trichomes of the Medicinal Plant
Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd: Y. Naidoo1, S.
Gairola1, T. Hiralal1 and A. Nicholas1; 1School of
Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of
KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa
The morphology and distribution of leaf trichomes
of Tetradenia riparia was studied using light and
scanning microscopy. Three morphologically distinct
types of trichomes were observed on T. riparia leaf
surfaces: glandular capitate (short and long stalked),
peltate and non-glandular. The glandular and nonglandular trichomes were present in abundance on
both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Young leaves
are densely covered with trichomes, however, the
density of trichomes decreases progressively with
leaf maturity. This suggests that the trichomes are
established early in leaf differentiation and their
density decreases with leaf development and age.
L06-08
15:15-15:40 Coffee break

L-05) Immunocytochemistry and

Histochemistry
Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and
Hee Chol Kang
Room 302
15:40 ~ 17:40

Chairs: Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong, Dong-Heui

Kim and Hee Chol Kang
15:40-16:10 Invited
Fluorescence Applications in Immunocytochemistry
and Histochemistry: Hee Chol Kang; Invitrogen
Corporation, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene,
Oregon, USA
In the past decade, the power of fluorescence
imaging has been a key to discovery efforts, such as
genomics, proteomics and cell biology with the
development of improved fluorescent probes in
conjunction with advancements in instrumentation
and data analysis. Our recent efforts to develop
fluorophores including small organic dyes and
quantum dots will be first presented. The narrow
emission profile of quantum dot provides multispectral
analysis capability using a single excitation source.
In particular, the high photostability of quantum dots
allows long term cell tracking, and their size and
shape permits correlated electron microscopy. Then,
our recently developed novel cellular detection
method based on click chemistry will be introduced
to overcome the disadvantages of antibody or direct
labeling methods. Click-iT EdU assay will be
demonstrated as a novel replacement for antibody
based BrdU assay for the detection of cell
proliferation. Some of the key advantages of this new
labeling and detection method include high
sensitivity, low background, high specificity and
conveniences of its speed and mild conditions that
permit multiplexed analysis in both cells and tissues
with antibody or other detection methods.
L05-01

ORAL TUESDAY

14:45-15:00
Histochemical and Anatomical Characterization
of Oil Cells in Seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.)
Merr: Vivian S. Tolentino1, Emmanuel M. Espineda1,
Wendel T. Marcelo1, Vivian A. Panes1, Evelyn E. De
Guzman1 and Milarosa Librea2; 1Department of
Biology, Ateneo De Manila University, SOSE,
Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines, 2Science
Area, Ateneo De Manila High School
The anatomical and histochemical investigation of
oil cells in seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr., at
different developmental stages revealed presence of
idioblastic cells in mature seeds. Test with Nile blue
sulphate and Sudan stains proved positive for neutral
lipids. This study will be helpful in the efficient
extraction of oil, leading to cost and time reduction.
Furthermore, the identification of oil cells is
important in extracting and isolating intact oil cells
for further studies of their molecular and biochemical
aspects, and to harness their medicinal apLications
such as effective delivery system for vaccines.
Keywords: idioblastic cells, Pongamia pinnata, oil
cell, Sudan stain, Nile Blue sulphate.
L06-07

16:10-16:25
Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Studies
on Mitochondrial Nucleic Acid and Protein
Synthesisin Various Vertebrate Cells: T. Nagata;
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Matsumoto and
Department of Anatomy, Shinshu Institute of
alternative Medicine and Welfare, Nagano, Japan
Macromolecular synthesis such as nucleic acids
and proteins in nuclei and cell bodies of various
kinds of cells in various organs of experimental
animals has been extensively studied for many years
by both biochemical and morphological approaches.
Among these studies, intramitochondrial nucleic acid
synthesis, both DNA and RNA, in mammalian and
avian cells were first demonstrated by myself by
means of electron microscopic radioautography in
the liver cells and kidney cells in vitro. Since then,
nucleic acids and protein syntheses in the mitochondria
of various cells were demonstrated in various organs
such as the salivary gland, liver, pancreas, trachea,
lung, testis, uterus, adrenal gland, brain and eye of
chickens and mice in vivo during these 40 years. We

41

ORAL TUESDAY

have recently concentrated to study the relationship

of the intramitochondrial nucleic acids and protein
syntheses to the aging of individual animals. We
have studied many groups of aging mice, each
consisting of 3 individuals, from fetal day 19 to
postnatal day 1, 3, 9, 14, and month 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24
(2 years), injected intraperitoneally with 3H-thymidine (DNA precursor), 3H-uridine (RNA precursor),
or 3H-leucine (protein precursor), respectively, and
the tissues from several organs such as the livers, the
pancreases, the lungs and the adrenal glands were
taken out and processed for light and electron
microscopic radioautography. From the results, it
was demonstrated that some hepatocyte mitochondria
were labeled with silver grains due to DNA, RNA,
protein syntheses and the numbers of mitochondria,
the numbers of labeled mitochondria and the labeling
indices of mitochondrial DNA, RNA and protein
syntheses at various ages from embryonic day 19 to
postnatal day 1, 3, 9, 14 and month 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24
increased and decreased due to development and
aging of mice. It was also demonstrated that the
numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled
mitochondria and the labeling indices of mitochondrial DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in adrenal
cortical cells as well as in pulmonary cells and
pancreatic acinar cells of mice at various ages from
embryonic day 19 to postnatal day 1, 2, month 12
increased and decreased due to development and
aging of animals. It is concluded that nucleic acids
both DNA and RNA and protein synthesis showing
incorporations of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and
3H-leucine were demonstrated in the nuclei and
mitochondria of hepatocytes of the livers, adrenocortical cells of the adrenal glands, pulmonary cells
of the lungs of mice at various ages from fetal to
postnatal newborn, juvenile, young, adult and
senescence. The numbers of mitochondria per cell,
the numbers of labeled mitochondria and the labeling
indices of hepatocytes, adreno-cortical cells and
pulmonary cells changed due to aging, increases and
decreases, independent from the nuclei. The results
indicate that the mitochondria in respective cell types
of these organs synthesize DNA, RNA and proteins
by themselves increasing their numbers per cell with
the aging of the individual animals independent of
the nuclei.
L05-02
16:25-16:40
Three-dimensional Organization of the Biosynthetic
and Secretory Machinery in the Plant Golgi Apparatus Revealed by Immuno-electron Tomography:
Byung-Ho Kang1,2, Mary Preuss3, Colleen McMichael4,
Donna Williams1, Sebastian Bednarek4, David
Mastronarde2, Erik Nielsen3,5 and L. Andrew
Staehelin2; 1Department of Microbiology and Cell
Science & Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology
Research, University of Florida Gainesville, 2Department

42

of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology,

University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, 3Danforth
Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 4Department of
Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, 5Department of Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI
MannosidaseI involved in protein glycosylation,
RabA4b in the trans-Golgi network, and cell wall
polysaccharides were localized by immuno-electron
tomography in high-pressure frozen Arabidopsis root
meristem cells. MannosidaseI concentrate to the third
and fourth Golgi cisternae indicating that cis-Golgi
does not carry out protein glycosylation. RabA4b
localizes to the secretory vesicle budding sites and
colocalize with xyloglucan cell wall polysaccharide
suggesting that this protein is involved in secretory
vesicle formation. Immuno-electron tomography
provide information on macromolecule localization
in three-dimension with an unprecedented accuracy.
L05-03
16:40-16:55
Immunolocalization of 28.5 kDa Antigen in the
Tegument of Various Stages of Fasciola gigantica:
P. Anuracpreeda, C. Wanichanon and P. Sobhon;
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, THAILAND
Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific to 28.5 kDa
tegumental antigen (TA) was used to localize this
antigen in various tissues of each developmental
stages of F. gigantica (metacercariae, newly excysted
juvenile, 1,3,5,7-week-old juveniles and adult) by
means of indirect immunofluorescence, immuneperoxidase and immunogold techniques. The indirect immuneofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
detections revealed that 28.5 kDa antigen was
concentrated in the tegument particularly in its outer
rim, tegumental cells and their processes, epithelium
lining the oral sucker and the proximal part of
digestive tract. It was also detected at a moderate
concentration in spermatogenic cells in the testes,
cells of Mehlisgland, oocytes within the ovary, and
ovum within the eggs of adult parasites. This antigen
was also present in the tegument and tegumental cells
of metacercariae, newly excysted juvenile, 1,3,5 and
7-week-old juvenile parasites. At TEM level, the
immunogold detection showed deposit of gold
particles specifically in G2 tegumental granules and
on the outer surface membrane. Thus, this antigen is
expressed in the tegument and associated structures
of all stages of parasites, and it could be a major
component of the G2 granules which are shown to
fuse with the surface membrane and contribute
material to replace the casted-off membrane. This
process is a part of membrane turnover that prevents
the parasite from being attacked by the host immune
effector cells.
L05-04

16:55-17:10
Immunohistochemical Study of Glutamate in
Mouse Retina with "In Vivo Cryotechnique" in
Paraffin-Embedded Sections: N. Terada, N. Ohno,
S. Saitoh and S. Ohno; Department of Anatomy and
Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Medicine and Engineering, University of
Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan
It has been difficult to obtain immunoreactivity of
glutamate (Glu) in paraffin-embedded sections with
perfusion-fixation followed by alcohol dehydration.
"In vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT) immediately immobilizes biological materials in ice crystals. Eyeballs
frozen with IVCT were freeze-substituted in acetone
containing paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin wax. The cut sections were pre-treated with
bovine serum albumin, and immunostained for Glu.
The Glu immunoreactivity was especially obtained in
the mouse retina in inner segment of photoreceptor
cell layer (IS-P), outer and inner plexiform layers. A
previous controversial issue concerning immuneolocalization of Glu in IS-P was solved by the present study.
L05-05

17:25-17:40
Immuno-electron Microscopic Studies on the
Behavior of RuBisCO during the Synchronized
Cells of Euglena: T. Osafune,1 N. Kiyohara2 and T.
Ehara3; 1Department of Life Sciences, 2Department
of Sport Methodology, Nippon Sport Science
University, Yokohama, Japan, 3Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
Pyrenoid exists in the chloroplasts of most
eukaryotic algae and moss plants, and have been
considered as a mere storage place of ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RuBisCO),
but its functions are still poorly understood now.
From a comparison of photosynthetic CO2-fixation
with the total carboxylase activity of RuBisCO
extracted from Euglena cells in the growth phase, it
is suggested that the carboxylase in the pyrenoid
functions in CO2-fixation in photosynthesis.
L05-07

ORAL WEDNESDAY

17:10-17:25
Identification, Expression and Immunolocalization of Cathepsin B3 in Fasciola Gigantica: M.
Sethadavit1, K. Meemon1, T. Spithill2 and P. Sobhon1;
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Phyathai, Rajathevi, Bangkok,
Thailand. 2School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,
Charles Sturt University, Locked bag, Wagga, NSW.
Australia and Institute of Parasitology, McGill
University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Canada.
Tropical fasciolosis is a major parasitic disease
caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica which
poses a significant economical loss to the livestock
industry in Thailand and countries in tropical regions.
Since the evidence of drug resistance in F. hepatica is
emerging, vaccination is considered to be a more
sustainable alternative for the control of fasciolosis.
In order to develop a potential vaccine against F.
gigantica, a prominent antigen of the newly excysted
juveniles (NEJ), cathepsin B3 protease, was
identified by immunoprecipitation using pooled sera
from rats infected with F. gigantica metacercariae.
Recombinant FgCatB3 (rFgCatB3) was expressed in
Pichia pastoris which exhibited the MW of 37 kDa
with 50-100 kDa glycosylated forms. The polyclonal
antibodies (PoAb) against rFgCatB3 was produced in
rabbit and used to determine the distribution of native
cathepsin B3 protease in F. gigantica. The localization of
cathepsin B3 protease in each stage of the parasite
was performed using an immunoperoxidase conjugate
which showed both the location and abundance of the
protein. In metacercariae, cathepsin B3 protease was
localized only in the caecal epithelium, while in NEJ,
cathepsin B3 protease was localized in both caecal

epithelium and its lumen. There was no staining of

cathepsin B3 in 4-week old juveniles and adult
parasites. This result confirmed the stage-specific
expression of cathepsin B3 in F. gigantica and
suggested that the mature native cathepsin B3 may
start to be secreted in NEJ. The co-localizations of
the major antigens of NEJ and cathepsin B3 were
investigated by immunofluorescence, with the results
confirming that cathepsin B3 was a component of the
major antigens observed in the early stages of F.
gigantica infection in rats.
L05-06

November 05, 2008

WEDNESDAY
I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and
X-ray Spectrometry
Organized by Masami Terauchi and Hiroki Kurata
Room 402
09:20 ~ 11:10

Chair: Masami Terauchi

09:20-09:50 Invited
EELS Mapping, a Key Component for the
Exploration of the Nanoworld: Christian Colliex;
Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (UMR CNRS
8502), Universite Pari, France
Recent progress in instrumentation (spectrometers,
monochromators, detectors) and in methodology
(data processing) now provide access to increased
performance, to upgraded accuracy and precision and
also to unconventional domains lying out of the main
stream. They are all associated to spatially-resolved

43

EELS (as offered, for instance, in the spectrumimaging

mode (5), -see fig.1-), which intimately combines an
electron spectroscopy over a very broad spectral
domain (from 1 eV up to a few thousands of eV) and
with high spectral resolution (typically 0.2 to 0.5 eV),
and an imaging microscopy with unique spatial
resolution (down to 0.1 nm with Cs corrected
instruments).
I05-05

ORAL WEDNESDAY

09:50-10:10
Investigation of Hole States near the Fermi Level in
Nb1-xMgxB2 by Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy
and First-Principles Calculations: Chao Ma, H.X.
Yang, H.F. Tian and J.Q. Li; Beijing National
Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute
of Physics, China
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and
First-principles calculations were used to investigate
the electronic structure of NbB2 and superconducting
Nb0.75Mg0.25B2. The anisotropic properties of the B K
edges revealed by the orientation-dependence EELS
spectra indicated the specific symmetries of the hole
states near the Fermi level. In addition, the core-hole
effect and magic angle were also studied in detail.
Based on our results, the influence of Mg doping on
the electronic structure of Nb1-xMgxB2 was discussed
in connection with the materials superconducting
properties.
I05-06

10:10-10:20 Coffee break

Chair: Hiroki Kurata

10:20-10:50 Invited
Studies of Surface Excitations near Interband
Transitions in Nano-Materials by Electron EnergyLoss Spectroscopy: Cheng-Hsuan Chen; Center for
Condensed Matter Sciences and Department of
Physics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
In this talk, using EELS with a 2- electron probe
in the near-field geometry and energy-filtered spectral imaging in real space, we have unambiguously
demonstrate the existence of the uncommon SEP
excitations on the nanorod surfaces of various semiconductors at energies near the interband transitions
and also from metallic nanoparticles in the deep UV,
non-metallic spectral regime.
I05-07
10:50-11:10
High Energy-resolution EELS Studies on Plasmon
Excitations of LaB6 and Cs0.33WO3 Particles by
Using a Monochromator Transmission Electron
Microscope: Yohei Sato1, M. Terauchi1, M. Mukai2,

44

T. Kaneyama2 and K. Adachi3; 1Institute of

Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials,
Tohoku University, 2JEOL Ltd, 3Ichikawa Research
Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra
of single particles of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)
and cesium-doped tungsten trioxide (Cs0.33WO3)
were measured in the near infrared region using a
monochromator transmission electron microscope.
Peak energies of the EELS spectra in the near infrared
region were corresponding to surface plasmon energies
of sphere particles. These energies also correspond to
the dipole scattering of electromagnetic waves by a
fine metallic particle, named as Mie scattering. It is
suggested that an optical absorption energy of
metallic nanoparticles can be derived from a carrier
plasmon energy of the material.
I05-08

I-11) X-ray Microscopy

Organized by Hwa Shik Youn and Carolyn Larabell
Room 401
09:20 ~ 12:05
Chair: Carolyn Larabell
09:20-09:50 Invited
Micron and Nanometer Resolution X-ray CT
Using Laboratory and Synchrotron Sources:
Michael Feser; Xradia Inc., USA
Modern industrial processes and research
applications place increasingly higher demands on
x-ray CT imaging resolution and sensitivity for low
contrast, low-Z samples. We are discussing three
approaches to increasing imaging resolution, namely
(1)reduction in x-ray spot size, (2)higher resolution
detectors, or (3)to employ x-ray optical elements.
New developments in the area of phase contrast
imaging enable unprecedented image contrast for
specimens with very low absorption, which enables
researchers to image specimens in their natural state.
Synchrotron x-ray sources open the possibility for
very advanced techniques, such as ultra-high resolution x-ray CT, fluorescence CT, or 3-D diffraction
analysis.
I11-01
09:50-10:10
Three Dimensional X-ray Microdiffraction Using
Multiple Differential Apertures: Jin-Seok Chung1,
Y.-D. Ko1, G.E. Ice2 and H.S. Youn3; 1Department of
Physics, Soongsil University, 2Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, USA, 3Pohang Accelerator Laboratory,
Pohang, Korea
Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction technique
has been available as two dimensional non-destructive

structural probe of non-homogeneous microstructures

such as procipitates and grain boundaries with submicron resolution. Recently it has been extended to
three dimensions by introducing Differential-Aperture
X-ray Microdiffraction(DAXM), which can resolve
depth information with sub-micron resolution. However,
the method is intrinsically a scanning technique
where every resolved volume element (voxel)
requires at least one area-detector readout. Previous
applications of DAXM have used a single wire for
knife-edge step profiling and the number of pixels
has been limited mainly by the speed of data
collection. Although conceptually simple, DAXM is
challenged by conflicting restrictions on resolution
and measurement speed. Here we demonstrate a way
to accelerate DAXM measurements using multiple
wires. A proof-of-principle experiment with a 3-wire
prototype showed that the speed of measurements
can be tripled, but careful calibration of wires will be
required to maintain the spatial accuracy. In addition,
related possibilities for accelerating measurements
are discussed.
I11-02

10:55-11:25 Invited
Quantitative 3-D Imaging of Eukaryotic Cells
Using Soft x-ray Tomography of Biological Cells:
M.A. Le Gros1, D.Y. Parkinson1, W. Gu2, G.
McDermott2 and C.A. Larabell1,2; 1Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, USA, 2Department of Anatomy, University of California, USA
I11-05

10:10-10:30
The Phase Retrieval Method in Transmission
Hard X-ray Microscope: Gung-Chian Yin, Fu-Rong
Chen and Keng S. Laing; National Synchrotron
Radiation Research Center, Taiwan
In our research, a Gerchberg-Saxton type of
iterative phase retrieval method is proposed to
retrieve the pure phase information from the intensity
of Zernike phase contrast in transmission hard x-ray
microscope (TXM).Comparing to phase retrieval
methods utilizing series of de-focal images [6], the
proposed method utilizes only one experimental
image of high contrast with assumption of no
absorption. This greatly reduces the required number
of images, the acquisition time and noise, which
makes the phase tomography becoming feasible for
beam sensitive sample. The sample of AGS cell
stained with uranium in TXM for quantification of
the retrieved phase will be demonstrated. The effects
of aberration and limitation of this method will be
discussed.
I11-03

11:45-12:05
X-ray Tomography of Human T Lymphocytes:
Hong Tae Kim1,2, Carolyn A. Larabell2.3, Mark A.
LeGros2, Weiwei Gu2,3 and Dula Parkinson2;
1
Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of
Daegu, Korea, 2National Center for X-ray
Tomography (NCXT), Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, USA, 3Department of Anatomy,
University of California at San Francisco, USA
X-ray tomography is an exciting new highthroughput approach for obtaining 3-D, quantifiable
information from whole, hydrated cells.
I11-07

11:25-11:45
Enhancing Contrast of Al Traces on Si Substrates
using Low-voltage SEM-hosted XRM: John Hunt;
Gatan Inc., USA
Here, a new imaging technique is presented that
extends the capabilities of a SEM-hosted XRM to
address this application. By imaging with a
pseudo-monochromatic x-ray source between the
absorption edges of Al and Si, Al traces have been
clearly imaged. This technique will extend the
application range of x-ray microscopy to die level
inspection.
I11-06
ORAL WEDNESDAY

M-05) Ceramics and Inorganic Materials

Organized by Nam Hee Cho
Room Samda2

09:20 ~ 12:20

Chairs: N.H. Cho and Kotato Kuroda

10:30-10:45
Hard X-ray Microscopy at PLS: Hwa Shik Youn;
PAL, POSTECH, Korea
The current status of the x-ray microscope at 1B2
beam line of PLS will be introduced.
I11-04

10:45-10:55 Coffee break

Chair: Hwa Shik Youn

09:20-09:50 Invited
In-situ TEM Studies of Electrical and Mechanical
Properties of Inorganic Nanomaterials: M. Mitome1,
D. Golberg1, X. Bai2, P. Costa3, K. Kurashima1 and Y.
Bando1; 1National Institute for Materials Science,
Japan, 2Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China, 3CICECO, University of Aveiro,
Portugal
Electrical and mechanical properties of inorganic
nanotubes were measure 'in-situ' with two types of
novel specimen holders inside a transmission

45

electron microscope. Form electrical measurements

with an STM holder it was clarified that a boron
nitride nanotube shows insulator-semiconductor
transition by bending and releasing it. Such transition
was fully reversible. Stress on the nanotube bending
was measured directly with an AFM holder. Young's
modulus was estimated from the results as 0.5-0.6
TPa. These results may be utilized as a basic
knowledge to integrate the nanoscale materials into
technology.
M05-01

ORAL WEDNESDAY

09:50-10:20 Invited
In situ Observation of Gas-Solid and Gas-Liquid
Reactions in Inorganic Materials: Kotaro Kuroda;
Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University,
Japan
Recently an environmental holder which can be
installed to a conventional TEM without any major
modification has been developed [1]. A gas injection
nozzle was built in the specimen heating holder
developed by Kamino and Saka [2]. The gas injection
nozzle permits gas flow around the specimen sitting
on the heating element made of a fine W filament.
The pressure of the electron gun chamber could be
kept in the range of 10-5Pa while the pressure at the
specimen chamber was maintained at the range of
10-2Pa. The microscope used in the study was a
Hitachi H-9000 300kV high resolution. The holder
was applied to in-situ observation of gas-solid and
gas-liquid reactions at near atomic level, which
include oxidation and reduction reactions of solid Ni
and liquid Sn, and sitering reaction of -SiAlON.
M05-02
10:20-10:35
Controllable Growth and TEM Study of Diverse
GaN Nanostructures: Baodan Liu1, Yoshio Bando,2
Masanori Mitome1,2, Chengchun Tang1,2 and Dmitri
Golberg1,2; 1Nanoscale Materials Center, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan,
2
World Premier International Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for
Materials Science (NIMS), Japan
In this work, various GaN nanostructures including
needle-like and bi-crystalline nanowires, their arrays,
doped nanowires, nanotubes and nanocones, were
synthesized via carefully-designed and wellcontrolled CVD or MOCVD routes. A 300 kV
high-resolution field-emission TEM (JEOL-3000F)
with an attached EDS measuring system was
employed to analyze their structures, crystallography
and compositions. The dependence of the nanostructure optoelectronic properties, such as fieldemission and cathodeluminescence, upon its morphology, structure and chemical composition were
finally elucidated.
M05-03

46

10:35-10:50 Coffee break

Chairs: Baodan Liu and Jianqi LI

10:50-11:20 Invited
TEM Study of the Structural Features of BaTiO3
Nano-powders and Nano-grained Ceramics: S.-M.
Moon1, N.-H. Cho1, M.-B. Park 1 and X.-H. Wang3;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Inha University, Korea, 2Memory division, Semiconductor business, Samsung Electronics co. LTD.,
Korea, 3Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics have been
widely used in various electronic devices like
multilayer capacitors, infrared detectors, varistors
and electro-optic devices for their unique and useful
electrical characteristics. The electrical features of
BaTiO3 ceramics have been known to be crucially
determined by the structural and chemical characteristics of the grains as well as grain boundaries. In
order to apply and/or make best use of the nanoscale
powders for electronic ceramic devices with advanced engineering characteristics, it is essential to
understand the variation in the structural and electrical
properties of the powders as well as the nano-grained
ceramics in terms of process parameters.
M05-04

11:20-11:35
Charge Ordering and Structural Phase Transitions in
the Electronic Ferroelectric LuFe2O4 and La (Pr,
Sr)3 Mn2O7: Y. Zhang, H.X. Yang, L.J. Zeng, C. Ma
and J.Q. Li; Beijing National Laboratory for
Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China.
We discovered the electron stripes in ferroelectric
LuFe2O4, which manifest a frustrated charge density
wave with a ferroelectric polarization. This charge
ordering state, occurring at about 20K, was revealed
for the first time by our in-situ transmission electron
microscopy. A series of varied structural phenomena
were also recorded as we lowered the temperature
from 300K to 20K. Moreover, our investigations on
the La(Pr,Sr)3Mn2O7 materials demonstrate that
charge /orbital ordering could result in structural
distortions related to the layered structural features,
this kind of local structural changes play a critical
role for understanding the ferroelectric polarization
in this manganese system.
M05-05
11:35-11:50
Structural Modulation and Electronic Structural
Features in the Charge Ordered State of
La0.5Sr1.5MnO4: L.J. Zeng1, C. Ma1, H.X. Yang1, R.J.
Xiao1, J. Jansen2 and J.Q. Li1; 1Beijing National

Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute

of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China,
2
National Centre for HREM, Kavli Institute of
Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, The
Netherland
In-situ TEM observations reveal a structural phase
transition related to the charge/orbital order in
La0.5Sr1.5MnO4. The structure refinement using the
multi-slice least-squares method demonstrates that
the Mn atoms, at symmetry-equivalent sites at room
temperature, are distributed at two nonequivalent
sites in CO phase. Based on this structure data,
first-principles calculation reveals certain features in
electronic structure: the density of states exhibits a
band gap at the Fermi level; charge disproportionation
and orbital ordering are visible in the contour map of
charge-density; the dx2-z2 or dy2-z2 orbital ordering
is demonstrated, which is different from the
dz2-zigzag pattern in cubic perovskite.
M05-06

12:05-12:20
Synthesis and Characterization of -Tricalcium
Phosphate Ceramics Produced via Wet Chemical
Method: Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor and
Vickneswary Letchmanan; Department of Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Calcium phosphates based ceramics such as
hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphates are preferred
as bone grafts in hard tissue engineering because of
their superior bioactivity and have been extensively
studied during the last decades [1]. Wet chemical
method is one of the most common method used to
produce beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) due to
its low cost, simple and produces homogenous and
single phase powder [2]. In this study, beta-TCP was
synthesized by using wet chemical method. Diammonium
hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 and calcium nitrate
tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) were used as calcium
and phosphate precursors. The effects of reaction pH
on the compositions of powder were studied using
XRD and SEM-EDS. Pure beta-TCP were successfully
synthesis via wet chemical method at reaction pH of
pH 5.
M05-08

ORAL WEDNESDAY

11:50-12:05
HAADF-STEM Analysis on Dopant Site-Selectivity
in (Ca1/4Cu3/4)TiO3: Si-Young Choi1,2, Sung-Yoon
Chung3,4, Takahisa Yamamoto5,6 and Yuichi
Ikuhara1,6; 1Institute of Engineering Innovation, The
University of Tokyo, Japan, 2Korea Institute of
Materials Science, Korea, 3Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Korea, 4Nalphates LLC,
USA, 5Department of Advanced Materials Science,
The University of Tokyo, Japan, 6Nanostructures
Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center,
Japan
Physical properties and resulting functionalities of
many materials are drastically affected by additives
even though their concentration is only of a few
atomic percents. Remarkable variations of electrical
properties in silicon-based semiconductors, oxidetype superconductors and dielectrics as well as of
mechanical properties in metals and structural
ceramics are well known to show the significance of
such external additives. In contrast to covalently
bonded compounds, added aliovalent cations can act
as either donors or acceptors in complex oxides,
depending on which host cation in the lattice is
replaced. Therefore, to determine the site-selectivity
of dopants directly and precisely in the unit cell of
such ionic systems is the first crucial step toward the
better understanding and systematic estimation of
ultimate materials performance by doping. Taking
(Ca1/4Cu3/4)TiO3, which has recently attracted much
attention due to the high dielectric permittivity and
the strong nonlinear voltage-current behavior, as a
complex perovskite oxide in this study, we
experimentally show that the doped aliovalent La
cations are preferentially substituted for Ca although
75% of the A sites are composed of Cu. STEM with
a spherical aberration corrector and scanning EELS
analysis were utilized both for the direct visualization

and for the chemical identification of each atomic

column. The present study thus suggests that the
imaging based on the aberration-corrected STEM
combined by the EELS can be utilized as a powerful
tool that reveals the atomic-level distribution of
cation dopants in complex oxides.
M05-07

M-10) Geological / Minerological Materials

Organized by Sujeong Lee and Toshihiro Gurore
Room Samda1
09:20 ~ 11:50

Chairs: Toshihiro Gurore and Sujeong Lee

09:20-09:50 Invited
Microstructures Development in Experimentally
and Naturally Annealed Albite: Correlative OM
and EM Studies: Youn-Joong Kim1, Byung-Gyu
Park2, Young-Boo Lee3 and Sujung Lee4; 1Division of
Electron Microscopic Research, 2Gwangju Center,
3
Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea,
4
Minerals and Materials Processing Division, Korea
Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources,
Korea
M10-01
09:50-10:20 Invited
Application of Cs-corrected High-resolution STEM to
Silicate Mineralogy: T. Kogure1 and E. Okunishi2;

47

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,

Graduate School of Science, The University of
Tokyo, Japan, 2Application & Research Center,
Electron Optics Division, JEOL Ltd., Japan
Significant improvement of the resolution in
electron microscopy by the development of the
spherical-aberration corrector (Cs-corrector) will
bring new information to understand the atomic
structures in silicates. Cation columns separated by
ca. 1.5 , which originates from the ionic radius of
oxygen or a half of the adjacent oxygen-oxygen
separation, are common in silicates and they are
easily resolved by a Cs-corrected transmission electron
microscope (TEM) or scanning TEM (STEM) with a
resolution close to one angstrom. High-angular
annular dark filed (HAADF) imaging using Cscorrected STEM is demonstrated to observe pyroxene
(orthopyroxene with augite lamellar), mica and
serpentine.
M10-02

ORAL WEDNESDAY
48

10:20-10:50 Invited
Characterization of Microbially Induced Mineral
Transformation by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Environmental Cell (EC) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Jinwook Kim;
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei
University, Korea
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy
filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM),
and high resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM) were employed to investigate mineral
transformation associated with microbial Fe(III)
reduction. Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32, a
dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium was incubated
with magnetite as a sole electron acceptor and with
lactate as an electron donor for 14 days under
anaerobic conditions in a bicarbonate buffer. The
high resolution TEM revealed that Fe-reduction
proceeded via close association between bacterial
cells and nanometer sized magnetite crystals, where
cells were coated with magnetite crystals, and that
siderite were formed apparently in the space
previously occupied by a bacterial cell. The elemental
map of Fe, O, and C and RGB composite map were
created by EFTEM technique. The interface between
magnetite and siderite were also investigated using
EELS technique to understand the Fe oxidation state
in each mineral. The Fe oxidation state was
determined based on the integral ratio of L3 to L2.
The integral ratios of L3 to L2 of magnetite (6.29) and
siderite (2.71) corresponded to 71% of Fe(III) in
magnetite, and 24% of Fe(III) in siderite based on the
van Aken et al. study. Chemical shift (about 1.9 eV)
of Fe-L3 edges of magnetite and siderite was detected
indicating the major difference in the oxidation state
of Fe between the two minerals. Furthermore, EELS
spectrum images of magnetite and siderite were
extracted from the electron energy loss ranging from

675 to 755 eV, showing the oxidation state of

magnetite-siderite interface. Furthermore, the interactions of clay minerals and microbes investigated
utilizing these techniques will be presented.
M10-03

10:50-11:05 Coffee break

11:05-11:20
Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Dust Particles by
SEM/EDX: M. Chol1, K. Deboudt2, S. Sobanska3,
C.-U. Ro1 and P. Flament2; 1Department of Chemistry,
Inha University, Korea, 2Laboratoire de Physicochimie de lAtmosphre, LPCA UMR CNRS 8101,
Universit du Littoral Cte dOpale, France,
3
Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman,
LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Universit des Sciences et
Technologies de Lille, France
Single-particle analysis performed by scanning
electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) is particularly suited to characterizing environmental particles. An optimized analytical procedure combining
the use of boron as the substrate material and a
reverse Monte Carlo quantitative program was
developed. This methodology was successfully
evaluated on pure compounds (calcite, gypsum)
ranging in size from 0.3 to 10 m. Further validation
was carried out on a finely crushed biotite mineral
considered as a homogeneous material. Good agreement was obtained between bulk analysis performed
by ICP-AES and single-particle analyses by SEMEDX demonstrating the validity of this methodology
for particle microanalysis.
M10-04

11:20-11:35
Formation of -Cristobalite in the PyrophylliteMullite Reaction Series: Sujeong Lee1, Youn-Joong
Kim2 and Yong Jae Suh1; 1Minerals and Materials
Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience
and Mineral Resources, Korea, 2Division of Electron
Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute,
Korea
Amorphous structure is abruptly transformed to
-cristobalite by heating at 1300oC. strong diffuse
scattring, which is the characteristic in -cristobalite,
is observed on the SAED pattern.
M10-05
11:35-11:50
Changes in Interlayer K on I llite and Muscovite
in the Diagenesis: TEM, HAADF Study: Mun,
Hyang-Ran1,2, Lee, Young-Boo1 and Lee, Jung Hoo2;
1
Korea Basic Science Institute, 2Chonbuk National

L-05) Immunocytochemistry and

Histochemistry
Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and
Hee Chol Kang
Room 301
09:50 ~ 11:20

Chairs: Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong, Dong-Heui

Kim and Hee Chol Kang
09:50-10:05
Distribution of FMRF and APGW Amides in the
Central Nervous System and Ovary and Their
Effects on Ovarian Maturation of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii: R. Palasoon, A. Ngernsoungnern, P.
Sretasugsa, P. Sobhon and J. Chavadej; Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University,
Thailand

The distribution of FMRF and APGW neuroamides was studied in the CNS and the ovary by
immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods. Their effects on the ovarian maturation in
Macrobrachium rosenbergii was also included. The
FMRFamide-immunoreactive (-ir) was found in the
eyestalk. It was also found in the brain, suboesophageal, thoracic and abdominal gangila including
neuropils of all ganglia. The APGWamide-ir was
only present in the sinus gland. The FMRF amide-ir
could be found in the cytoplasm of the late
previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes. These
neuroamides could slightly shorten the duration of
ovarian cycle when compared to the control group.
Keywords: Macrobrachium rosenbergii - FMRF
amide - APGW amide - Immunocytochemistry ovarian maturation.
L05-08
10:05-10:20
Peracetate-metabolite of Ethanol Affects Morphology
of Pancreatic Acinar Cells: Michal Wozniak1, J.
Antosiewicz2 and N. Knap1; 1Dept. of Medical
Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland,
2
Dept. of Bioenergetics &Physiology of Exercise,
Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
The purpose of our study was to state whether
ethanol metabolite, being a derivative of acetic acid,
namely peracetic acid, can induce morphological
changes typical for acute pancreatitis. Inside pancreatic
acinar cells we observed marked edema of rough
endoplasmic reticulum membrane network as well as
swollen mitochondria after 1h of 500 nmol of
peracetate infusion. 1h after 20 mol of peracetate
small pancreatic ducts underwent retraction. Morphological
derangement of nuclear chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
membranes and mitochondrion predominate with
occasional formation of gigantic mitochondria.
L05-09

ORAL WEDNESDAY

University, Department of Earth and Environmental

Sciences, Korea
The reactions that occur in the diagenesis are the
processes which layer silicates such as muscovite,
chlorite and biotite form with increase of temperature
and pressure from the burial of sediments. Muscovite
is especially well known to develop from illite
through the mixed-layer in the reaction of diagenesis.
The change in K content is associated with changes
in chemical composition and micro-scale structures
during the reaction. In this work, the structural
changes from illite to muscovite which occur in the
process of diagenesis and metamorphim are studied
with images of K component using HR-TEM (High
Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy) and
HAADF (High Angle Annual Dark Field) imaging.
Muscovite in a metamorphic rock shows high
crystallinity with continuous and regular pattern on
the lattice fringe images of HR-TEM and the distinct
layers of K on the HAADF images. On the other
hand, illite in a sedimentary rock shows relatively
smaller size of crystas and discontinuous and
irregular pattern of K layers with many structural
misfit. K layers of illite are two types. One is
stacking disorder with interlayer K missing which is
a partially pyrophyllite layer between TOT layer of
illite. This interlayer K is difficult to identify on
HR-TEM images because stacking disorder usually
occurs at one layer scale. The other is the lens shaped
structure caused by misfit by the discontinuity of
interlayer K. This misfit is confirmed with the
absence of K component in the HAADF images.
These are supposed to simultaneously develop
stacking disorder of illite and pyrophyllite and the
partial misfit of lens structure in the reaction of
diagenesis.
M10-06

10:20-10:35
Hematology, Cytochemistry and Morphology of
Blood Cells in Leopard Cats (Prionailurus bengalensis): C. Salakij1, J. Salakij1, K. Prihirunkit1, D.
Tongthainun2 and N. Rochanapat1; 1Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thailand,
2
Khaokeaw Open Zoo, Thailand
The leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) are the
most frequently encountered wild cats in the most of
South-east Asia and considered endangered. Blood
samples were collected from 8 adult leopard cats (5
males and 3 females). A complete blood count was
performed using automated cell counter. Manual
differential count, cytochemical stains (Sudan black
B (SBB), peoxidase (PO), periodic acid Schiff (PAS),
alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and betaglucuronidase (BG) were done using standard methods.
Hematologic values and cytochemical staining were

49

tabulated. Hepatozoon organisms were found in

neutrophils and lymphocytes of one male leopard cat.
To our knowledge, this is the first report of Hepatozoon
infection in leopard cat. Most of cytochemical
stainings of blood cells in leopard cats were similar
to those in domestic cat, fishing cat and flat-headed
cat except basophils in leopard cats were negative for
ANAE. This information will be useful for health
management and evaluation of hemoparasitic diseases in
these endangered cats.
L05-10

ORAL WEDNESDAY

10:35-10:50
Ultrastructural Markers of Inflammatory Response
in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membrane Reflecting Chemistry and Biology of
Nitrogen Dioxide: Michal Wozniak1, N. Knap1, A.
Dabrowska1, D. Jacewicz1, A. Chylewska1, A.
Figarski1, M. Szkatula1, J. Kubasik-Juraniec2, L.
Chmurzynski1 and M. Wozniak1; 1Dept. of Medical
Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland;
2
Dept. of Electron Microscopy, Medical University
of Gdansk, Poland
The excessive production of NO derived radical
namely NO2 has been postulated as a key mediator of
cellular injury at sites of necrotic type of inflammation
after single intraperitoneal administration of L-arginine.
In animals treated with L-arginine, necrotic acinar
cells with predominantly perturbed reticulum could
be observed. The endoplasmic reticulum of acinar
secreting cell consisted of an extensive network of
interconnected sheet-like cisternae, more often seen
in perinuclear region. In animals treated with
L-arginine plus 4-OH-TEPMO-membrane penetrating
NO2 scavenger, formation of vacuoles from endoplasmic
reticulum cisternae was suppressed completely.
L05-11
10:50-11:05
Reconstruction of Central Lacteals in the Murine
Jejunum Following Ischemia-reperfusion Injury:
Meng Fan-wei1, Shimoda H2, Kajiwara T2, Matsuda
M2 and Kato S2; 1Shandong University, China, 2Oita
University, Japan
The intestinal mucosa is vulnerable to an
ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) attendant on some bowel
diseases and surgery; thus, the restoration of the
mucosal integrity is critical to achieving functional
recovery of the intestine injured by I/R. In this
histochemical study, we investigated the alteration of
the central lacteals which are essential for the
transport of fat, tissue fluid, and immune cells in the
intestinal mucosa-in the murine jejunum after I/R.
The intestine inflicted with I/R demonstrated mucosal
injury involving the inflammatory response, with
interstitial edema, disruption of the villous tissue, and
subsequent tissue regeneration of the villi.The regenerative
villous tissue revealed lymphatic regrowth showing

50

proliferative activity from the residual mucosal

lymphatics behind the regenerated blood vasculature.
During the regenerative phase, the blood vascular
pericytes expressed and intense immunoreaction for
VEGF-A, an inducer for moncyte/macrophage
recruitment as well as angiogenesis. Also, the F4/80immunopositive macrohages significantly increased
in number in the regenerating villous stroma. Furthermore,
the macrophages recruited around the regrowing
lacteals expressed the immunoreactivity for VEGF-C,
which is highly specific lymphangiogenic factor.
The present study is first to delineate alterations in
the central lacteals in the small intestine following
I/R. thereby suggesting that the recruitment of the
macrophages induced by upregulation of VEGF-A in
the pericytes of regenerative blood vessels might
promote reconstruction of the central lacteals through
their release of VEGF-C.
L05-12
11:05-11:20
Activation of wnt/-catenin Pathway in Invasive
Ductal Carcinomas: Prasad C.P1, Rath G1 and
Ralhan R2; 1Department of Anatomy, VMMC and
Safdarjang Hospital, N. India, 2Department of
Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
India
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in
women worldwide with 1.05 million new cases every
year and represents over 20% of all malignancies in
females (Parkin et al, 2001). The population based
cancer registry data from various parts of India,
revealed breast cancer to be the commonest cancer
among women in five cities including Delhi and
Mumbai (Report of the National Cancer Registry
Programme, 2001). Aberrant expression of several
Wnt proteins and other components of this pathway
in human breast carcinomas have been reported, but
the evidence for a causative role in human disease is
missing. Overexpression of b-catenin and its
downstream effector, Cyclin D1, is implicated in
malignant transformation and acquisition of an
invasive tumor phenotype (Shtutman et al, 1999).
This study analyzes the expression pattern of
b-catenin in a series of 98 invasive ductal breast
carcinomas and their relationships with Disheveled,
Cyclin D1 and clinicopathological features to better
understand the biological and clinical relevance of
b-catenin pathway activation in sporadic breast
cancer.
L05-13

L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles

Societies
Organized by Hyesung Jeon and Nobuhiro Morone
Room 302
09:20 ~ 11:40

Chairs: Hyesung Jeon and Nobuhiro Morone

09:20-09:50 Invited
Electron Freeze-Replica Tomography for the Plasma
Membrane Interface: Nobuhiro Morone; National
Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of
Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
We have recently reconstructed three-dimensional
images of the undercoat structure on the cytoplasmic
surface of the upper cell membrane by electron freeze
replica tomography, with 0.85-nm-thick consecutive
sections made 100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface
(Morone et al., 2006). The actin filaments that are
closely apposed to the cytoplasmic surface of the
plasma membrane (within 10.2 nm) are likely to
form the boundaries of the membrane compartments.
The distribution of the MSK mesh-size as determined
by electron freeze-replica tomography and that of
the compartment-size as determined from high
speed single-particle tracking of phospholipid diffusion
agree reasonably well.
L04-01

10:10-10:30
Mass Microscopic Analysis Revealed the Dynamic
Property of Plasma Membrane Lipids Component:
Mitsutoshi Setou1, D. H. Yang2 and Y. Sugiura2;
1
Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan,
2
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
We worked on the microscopic research and
development (Setou et al., Science 2000, Setou et al.,
Nature 2002, Ikegami et al., PNAS 2007, Setou et al.,
MMM 2006, Yao et al., Cell 2007). To visualize
metabolome components in situ, we have developed
the mass spectrometry imaging techniques (Sugiura

10:30-10:40 Coffee break

10:40-11:00
Electron Tomography for Thick Biological Specimens by Using Scanning Transmission Technique: K.
Aoyama1, T. Takagi1,2, T. Noda3 and N. Morone4;
1
FEI Company Japan Ltd. Application Laboratory,
Japan, 2Laboratory of Electron microscopy, Japan
Womens University, Japan, 3International Research
Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical
Science, University of Tokyo, Japan, 4National
Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of
Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
(STEM) has not been widely used for biological field
thus far. However, STEM technique combined with
tomography is powerful method even for this field.
STEMtomography has several advantages over TEM
tomography.Thick sections are obviously useful for
Threedimensional (3D) structural analysis because of
the large amount of information they provide. The
scanning beam can be focused flexibly in STEM.
Therefore, the entire image area can be optimally
focused on even in highly tilted specimens. In STEM
tomography, it is easy to switch between the bright
field, dark field and HAADF modes.
L04-04

ORAL WEDNESDAY

09:50-10:10
Compartmentalization of the Plasma Membrane by
the Membrane Skeleton: High-speed Singlemolecule Tracking Study: Takahiro Fujiwara and
Akihiro Kusumi; ICORP-JST and iCeMS, Kyoto
University, Japan
The movements of transmembrane proteins (transferrin receptors) and phospholipids (DOPE) in the
plasma membrane were detected using single
fluorescent- molecule tracking and high-speed single
particle tracking techniques. In all of the 5 cell types
(NRK, T24, HeLa, HEPA-OVA, and PtK2)
examined, the plasma membrane was found to be
partitioned into many small compartments, and
individual molecules exhibited short-term confined
diffusion within a compartment, and long-term hop
diffusion between the compartments. Both
transmembrane proteins and phospholipids sensed
the same compartment size, supporting the universality
of our membrane-skeleton fence model for
transmembrane proteins and anchored-protein
picket model for lipid molecules.
L04-02

et al., Anal Chem 2006, Shimma et al., Anal Chem

2008, Yao et al., Proteomics 2008). We will present
our recent results to visualize dynamic property of
plasma membrane lipids in situ.
L04-03

11:00-11:20
Bio-imaging of Dengue Virus Non-structural 1
(NS1) Protein Trafficking in Hepatocytes: E.W.Y
Liu and M.L. Ng; Department of Microbiology,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
HepG2 and Huh7 cells were transiently transfected
with this NS1-GFP fusion construct. Cells were fixed
at various timings post-transfection and stained with
specific organelle markers. Live time-lapse bioimaging was also conducted on NS1-GFP transiently
transfected hepatocellular carcinoma cells, using
specific organelle markers. We have identified the
endoplasmic reticulum as the initial target organelle
of NS1 protein, where it is synthesized and processed
before targeting it to the golgi apparatus for secretion.
However, only a portion of the NS1 proteins are
targeted for secretion as most are found to be
dissipated in the cytoplasm following their synthesis.
L04-05
11:20-11:40
High Content Fluorescence Imaging Platform in
Deciphering Dengue Virus Entry Pathway into

51

Hepatocytes: Justin Jang-Hann Chu, Firzan Ang,

Andrew Phui-Yew Wong and Mah-Lee Ng;
Department of Microbiology, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
High content based fluorescence screening
platform was utilized to elucidate the cellular factors
that is involved during dengue virus entry into host
cells. By performing a siRNA profiling screening
assay, cellular genes associated with clathrinmediated endocytosis was shown to be essential for
dengue virus entry into cells. Furthermore, bioimaging was performed to map out the complete entry
pathway of dengue virus into cells.
L04-06

November 06, 2008

THURSDAY
I-07) Electron Tomography and Electron
Holography
Organized by Kenji Kaneko and Se Ahn Song
Room 402
09:20 ~ 12:00, 14:00 ~ 16:10

Chair: Kenji Kaneko

ORAL THURSDAY

09:20-09:50 Invited
High Resolution 3-D Characterization of Nanomaterials Using STEM Tomography Correlated
with Atom Probe Tomography: Ilke Arslan1 and
Emmanuelle A. Marquis2; 1Sandia National
Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA
94550, USA. 2Department of Materials, University of
Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
This talk will focus on various acquisition schemes
of electron tomography in the scanning transmission
electron microscope applied to solve materials problems
in inorganic materials. Further, the correlation of STEM
tomography with atom probe tomography will be
presented.
I07-01
09:50-10:05
Electron Tomography Applications for Evaluation of
Semiconductor Devices: Se Ahn Song and Jun-Ho
Lee; AE Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of
Technology, Yongin, 446-712, Korea
We have applied electron tomography technique to
semiconductor devices (say, a DRAM device) with
complicated internal structure and also complicated
composition ranging from light atoms (nitrogen, oxygen)
to heavy elements (tungsten). Also we tried to compare
the effectiveness of tomography information of
among Titan TEM, Titan STEM, and 1250 kV
HVEM TEM (at KBSI) based on image contrast
aspect. Also the importance of TEM sample preparation

52

for electron tomography will be discussed. It is

obvious that we need undamaged and even thickness
TEM section for the complicated structured devices.
I07-02
10:05-10:20
3-dimentional and Quantitative Analysis of Mg/Cu
Super-laminates by STEM-tomography: K. Tanaka,1
N. Takeichi,1 H. Tanaka,1 N. Kuriyama,1 T. T. Ueda,2
M. Tsukahara,2 H. Miyamura,3 and S. Kikuchi3;
1
Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda,
Osaka 563-8577, Japan, 2IMRA Material R&D Co.
Ltd., 5-50 Hachiken-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-0021,
Japan, 3Department of Materials Science, University
of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone,
Shiga 522-0057, Japan
3-dimentional and quantitative analysis of Mg/Cu
Super-laminates was performed by STEM-tomography. Super-laminates have been attracting attention
since co-authors Ueda et al. reported that Mg/Cu
super-laminates showed reversible hydrogenation
and dehydrogenation at 473 K [1]. Originally,
magnesium is expected as one of hydrogen storage
media because it stores a large amount of hydrogen
up to 7.6 mass%, by forming MgH2. However, a
practical decomposition rate is given at the
temperatures above 673 K, which is too high for
practical applications. Thus, various Mg-based alloys
and compounds have been investigated to improve
the rate and lower the temperature of dehydrogenation. Mg/Cu super-laminates were prepared by a
repetitive fold and roll method using a conventional
two-high roll mill as described previously [2]. Initial
activation at 573 K leads the super-laminates to
absorb hydrogen at 473 K. They do not absorb it at
473 K without the initial activation. In order to
investigate the mechanism of hydrogen absorption
and desorption at 473 K, we performed TEM
observations of micro-structural transiton of the
super-laminates. A previous research revealed that
large surface area because of porous structures and
fine grain size of Mg/Cu super-laminates lead to
lower dehydrogenation temperature and better
kinetics of hydrogen absorption [3]. In this study, we
explained better kinetics of hydrogen desorption by
characterizing the micro/nano-structures of Mg/Cu
super-laminates 3-dimentionally and quantitatively
by STEM-tomography. TEM specimens were
prepared by conventional mechanical grinding
followed by ion thinning and observed using JEOL
JEM-3000F and FEI Tecnai G2 F20. Kissinger plot
derived from thermogravimetry (TG) measurements
is shown in fig. 1. Activation energy for hydrogen
desorption was 217.01.4kJ/mol in initially activated
Mg/Cu super-laminates, 153.930.6 in heat-treated
Mg/Cu super-laminates, 13936.5kJ/mol in uncrush-

ed initially activated Mg2Cu powder, and

151.910.6kJ/mol in MgH2 powder. Activation
energy for different samples seems almost the same
values, which means dominating factors in hydrogen
desorption process expected to be the same. However,
pre-exponential factor values were high in order of
initially activated Mg/Cu super-laminates (5.94
1014s-1), heat-treated Mg/Cu super-laminates (4.30
109s-1), MgH2 (1.43109s-1), and uncrushed initially
activated Mg2Cu powder (2.07108s-1), which means
hydrogen desorption rate is also in this order. Fig. 2
shows a TEM image of Mg/Cu super-laminates on
the condition of hydrogen absorption composed of
MgH2 and MgCu2. Grain size of MgH2 was about
50nm and MgCu2 100-200nm, which indicated short
diffusion distance during hydrogen desorption. And
surface area of hetero-interface between MgH2 and
MgCu2 is expected a high-speed diffusion path of
hydrogen. Fig. 3 shows surface images of Mg/Cu
super-laminates on the condition of hydrogen
absorption. Fig. 3(a) is an image of initially activated
specimen and (b) heat-treated one. Surface area of
MgCu2 per volume was 10.00 (a) and 8.73m-1 (b),
respectively. This results indicates that large surface
area of hetero-interface contributes high desorption
rate. STEM-tomography enabled us to view specimen 3-dimentinally and analyze it quantitatively. It is
concluded that small grain size and large surface area
of hetero-interface contributes high desorption rate.
I07-03

10:35-10:45 Coffee break

Chair: Ilke Arslan

11:15-11:30
Three-dimensional Analyses of Crack Tip Dislocations Observed by Electron Tomography: M.
Tanaka1, M. Honda1, M. Mitsuhara2, S. Hata2, K.
Kaneko1 and K. Higashida1; 1Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu
University, Japan, 2Department of Engineering
Sciences for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu
University, Japan
Fracture toughness of crystalline materials is one
of the key issues in mechanical property and it
should be explained by dislocation processes. Since
the fracture toughness is strongly influenced by the
dislocation process at a crack tip, the most essential
matter to be considered is how the dislocations
relieve the stress concentration at the crack tip. In the
present study, 3-D analyses of crack-tip dislocations
were attempted by annular dark field images obtained
using scanning electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) in
order to reveal the multiplication process of dislocations
around the crack tip.
I07-06

ORAL THURSDAY

10:20-10:35
Fabrication and Characterization of TiN-Ag
Nano-Dice: K. Kitawaki, K. Kaneko, K. Furuya, K.
Inoke, J. C. Hernandez, P. A. Midgley, H. Okuyama,
M. Uda and Y. Sakka; 1Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Kyushu University 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan, 2FEI
Company Japan Ltd., application Laboratory, NSS-II
Bldg 2-13-34 Kohnan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075
Japan, 3Department of Materials Science and
Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street,
Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK., 4National Institute for
Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
305-0047, Japan
TiN-Ag Nano-Dice prepared by dc arc-plasma
method was characterized by both X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
In particular morphologies were investigated by
high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) Tomography
method.
I07-04

10:45-11:15 Invited
Three-dimensional Nano Characterization of
Catalytic Materials by TEM Dispersion and
Morphology: Kenji Kaneko; Department of Material
Science and Engineering, Kyushu University,
Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
Three-dimensional electron tomography (3D-ET)
has been developed by combination of transmission
electron microscopy and computed tomography
(TEM-CT), and applied for materials science in
recent years. The relationship between the crystal
habit and dispersion of metallic nanoparticles for
catalytic activities will be presented.
I07-05

11:30-11:45
Three-dimensional Imaging of Dislocations in
Steel Using STEM Tomography: M. Mitsuhara1, M.
Tanaka2, K. Ikeda1, S. Hata1 and H. Nakashima1;
1
Department of Electrical and Materials Science,
Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580,
Japan, 2Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
In this study, the three-dimensional imaging
techniques of dislocations in steels were investigated
using STEM tomography. The dislocation image in
STEM image was clearly observed with a high
deviation from an exact two beam condition. This
feature is advantageous for recording a tile series of
dislocation images for the tomography. The threedimensional reconstructed images of dislocation
using the tilt series of negative BF-STEM image was
successfully acquired and it indicated that the
dislocations almost migrate on slip planes although
they were sinuous and tangled.
I07-07

53

11:45-12:00
Three-dimensional Structure Analysis of Submicron Size Composite Inclusions in Steel by
HAADF-STEM Tomography: A. Taniyama; Corporte
Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo
Metal Industries, Ltd 1-8 Fuso-cho, Amagasaki,
Hygo, 660-0891, Japan
Since inclusions in steel behave as initiation sites
of mechanical crack and chemical corrosion, it is
important to control their composition, morphology
and size distribution to improve the properties of
steel such as toughness and corrosion resistance. The
inclusions often have a complex composite structure;
therefore, three-dimensional analysis of their structure is
effective for understanding their growth behavior
during steel making process. In this study, the
HAADF - STEM tomography was applied to reveal a
three-dimensional morphology and a composite
structure of sub-micron size composite inclusions in
steel.
I07-08

12:00-13:00 Lunch
13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chair: Hee-Seok Kwon

ORAL THURSDAY

14:00-14:15
Phase Transformation Behavior in Alloys Viewed
by 3D-tomography: T.J. Konno1, K. Aoyagi2, E.
Shizuya2, J.B. Lee2, K. Sato1, T. Kiguchi1, K. Hiraga1;
1
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku university,
2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan,
2
Graduate School, Department of Materials Science,
Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku,
Sendai 980-8579, Japan
We have employed 3D tomography to elucidate
the phase transformation behaviors in metals and
alloys. The systems investigated include: Mg-Nd, Cu-Ag,
and Co-based high-temperature alloys. The use of
STEM-BF tomography will also be presented.
I07-09
14:15-14:30
Characterization of Xenon Nanoprecipitates
Embedded in Aluminium Crystals by Means of
3-D TEM: M. Song1, H. Matsumoto2, M. Shimojo1,3,
M. Takeguchi1, K. Mitsuishi1 and K. Furuya1;
1
National Institute for Materials Science, Sakura 3-13,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050003 Japan., 2Yokohama Lab.,
Mitsubishi chemical group science and research
center, INC, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama,
2278502, Japan., 3Saitama Institute of Technology,

54

Fusaiji 1690, Fukaya, Saitama, 3690293 Japan

The precipitation of inert gas atoms in metals is
interesting in views from both fundamental sciences
and industrial applications. The Xe-precipitates in Al
have been observed with TEM in usual modes, such
as the bright field (BF) and high-resolution (HREM)
modes. However, almost only 2-D information on the
structure and distribution of Xe precipitates has been
studied. We carried out the 3-dimensional (3-D)
observation of xenon (Xe) nanoprecipitates in Xeimplanted Al crystals using a newly developed
tomography specimen holder for 3-D observation for
the high voltage TEM, JEM-ARM1000.
I07-10
14:30-14:45
Three Dimensional Structural and Compositional
Imaging Using FIB-STEM System: T. Yaguchi1,2,
K. Kaji1, H. Kikuchi1, M. Miyakawa2, H. Okushima1,
M.Konno1 and T. Kamino1; 1 Nanotechnology
Products Business Group, Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki,
312-8504 Japan, 2Advanced Equipment & System
Sales Div., Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 24-14,
Nishi-shinbashi 1chome, Minatoku, Tokyo, 1058717 Japan
We have carried out 3D structural and compositional
analysis of a pillar-shaped specimen using a FIB
system and STEM. The specimen holder allows 360
degree rotation and 20 degree tilting of a specimen.
For composition analysis, EELS has been applied to
map the elemental distributions in 3D. HD-2300A
STEM which employs the new real-time EELS
imaging system EV-3000 has been used. The new
EELS system employs a three-window energy filter
and collects electrons in the three energy ranges
simultaneously. Therefore a real-time energy filtered
image can be obtained. The barrier metal layer signal
was extracted and successfully reconstructed in 3D.
I07-11
14:45-15:00
TEMographyTM, The Latest Application Software for
Electron Tomography: H. Furukawa, M. Shimizu, H.
Horii, K. Kawamoto and Y. Iizuka; JEOL SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., 3-1-2 Musashino,
Akisima-shi, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
We have developed the software named TEMographyTM commercially available for complete image
acquisition and alignment. It consist on three
high-performance software applications: RECORDER, COMPOSER, and VISUALIZER-Kai. Of
course, This application software deals with the
combinations with, such as STEM, energy filter,
minimum dose control system and Cryogenic holder.
TEMographyTM has already got users more than
100 in the world and continues developing today. It
is well known by our customer even that how to use

can get the best result by the smallest trouble easily.

Besides, we had opened the web page for exclusive
use of the support.
I07-12

15:00-15:10 Coffee break

Chair: Konno Toyohiko

15:10-15:25
Development of High-Angle Triple-Axis Specimen
Holder for Electron Tomography: S. Hata1 and H.
Miyazaki2; 1Department of Engineering Sciences for
Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1
Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan,
2
Mel-Build, Fukuoka, 3-13-1 Shiojizaka, Umimachi,
Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka 811-2103, Japan
We developed a transmission electron microscopy
specimen holder available for electron tomography
study of crystalline materials. The specimen holder
has a mechanism of double-tilt axes and a rotation
axis on the exchangeable specimen stage. The tripleaxes specimen stage can precisely set the specimentilt axis and the diffraction condition during taking a
tilt series of images such as dislocations.
I07-13

15:40-15:55

15:55-16:10
Improvement of Electron Tomography by Reduction
of Missing Wedge for Biological Application
Using HVEM: H.-S. Kweon1, J.M. Jeong2, Y.B. Lee2,
S.J. Kim1, J.Y. Lee1, S.H. Lee1, W.K. Jung1, H.J. Cho1
and E.J. Lee1; 1Division of Electron Microscopic
Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno,
Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 2Nuclear Materials
Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research
Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
High voltage electron microscope (HVEM) tomography
has occupied a position as a leading technique of 3-D
biological electron microscopy by providing no
specimen thickness limitation. However, HVEM
tomography still has the limit of resolution by
missing wedge due to restricted tilt range even
solve the thickness problem by powerful penetration.
We have developed a simplified and effective
method for 3-D reconstruction of biological samples
using the HVEM without missing wedge by tilting.
The presented study is technical complement about
improving of the HVEM tomography fidelity and
helpful for application of 3-D structure of the intact
organelle.
I07-16

ORAL THURSDAY

15:25-15:40
Focal Depth Extension by Hollow-cone Illumination
with Annular Pupil to Obtain Potential Projected
Images for STEM Tomography: T. Kawasaki1, T.
Matsutani2, M. Taya3, Y. Kimura3, M. Ichihashi4 and
T. Ikuta5; 1Dept. Electrical Eng. and Computer Sci.,
Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya,
464-8603, Japan, 2Kinki University, 3-4-1 Higashiosaka,
Osaka, 577-8502, Japan, 3Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, 4EcoTopia Science
Inst., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya,
464-8603, Japan, 5Osaka Electro-Communication
Univ., 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8530,
Japan
It is demonstrated that focal depth extension
technique with annular pupil is useful for the 3D
tomography of the scanning transmission electron
microscopy (STEM), in order to take the potential
projected images of specimens from many directions.
Especially for the Cs-corrected STEM, simulation
results represented that the focal depth can be
extended to about 100nm with no deterioration of the
focused probe size, corresponding to the spatial
resolution.
I07-14

Quantitative Comparison of the Irradiation Damage

Caused by TEM and STEM Tomography in Biological
Specimens: Kazuhiro Aoyama1, Ai Hirase2 and
Atsuo Miyazawa2; 1FEI Company Japan Ltd.
Application Laboratory, NSS-II Bldg F, 2-13-34
Kohnan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan,
2
Bio-multisome Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo
679-5148, Japan
In STEM application for biological specimens,
specimen damage due to a convergent electron beam
is considered to be the most serious problem.
Therefore, in this study, the irradiation damage
caused by TEM- and STEM tomography in biological
specimens was quantitatively compared.
I07-15

I-07) Electron Holography

Organized by Jun-Mo Yang and Tsukasa Hirayama
Room 401
09:20 ~ 11:55

Chair: Jun-Mo Yang

09:20-09:50 Invited
Electron Holographic Dopant Profiling in Compound
Semiconductors: Tsukasa Hirayama1, Hirokazu Sasaki2,
Kazuo Yamamoto1, Takeharu kato1; 1Nanostructures
Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya,

55

456-8587, Japan, 2Yokohama R&D Laboratory, Furukawa

Electric Co., Ltd, Yokohama, 220-0073, Japan
A GaAs model sample for transmission electron
microscopy observation was thinned down to a
thickness of 300nm in the FIB system. Then, both
top and bottom surfaces of the specimen were milled
by a low energy Ar ion beam. In the phase profile
obtained by electron holography, the potential drop
between 10E19 cm-3 and 10E18 cm-3 layers or that
between 10E18 cm-3 and 10E17 cm-3 layers are
clearly distinguished. This type of measurement is
very useful for the development of compound
semiconductor devices such as light-emitting diodes,
laser diodes, and high-power high-speed electrical
devices.
I07-17

was applied, the magnetic fields leaking from the

pole tips as well as the detailed magnetic flux distribution
inside them were visualized for the first time. The
observations have revealed that electron holography
provides useful information for understanding the
magnetic characteristics of nanosized pole tips for
perpendicular recording heads.
I07-19

10:25-10:40 Coffee break

Chair: Takayoshi Tanji

ORAL THURSDAY

09:50-10:10
Electron Holography of Hetero-Interfaces between
Metals and Solid Ionic Conductors: T. Tanji,1 H.
Moritomo1, M. Abe1, S. Mizuno1, T. Kato2 and T.
Hirayama2; 1EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya
University, Nagoya, Japan, 2Nanostructures Research
Laboratory, Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, Japan
In order to solve the overpotential problem of a
solid oxide fuel cells, which reduces an out-put
voltage from the value in a stable state as an out-put
current is increased, electrostatic potentials at the
interface of an oxide ionic conductor, gadoliniumdoped ceria, and platinum electrode are measured in
2-dimensions by applying an external electric field.
Electric double layers and inhomogeneous oxygen
anion distributions are observed clearly by in-situ
electron holography. The width of electric double
layers are 1 3 nm, and relaxation lengths are around
20 nm on the cathode side and 6 nm on the anode
side.
I07-18
10:10-10:25
Magnetization Process in Writer Pole Tips for
Perpendicular Recording Head Studied by Electron
Holography: J.J. Kim1, K. Hirata2,3, Y. Ishida2, D.
Shindo4, M. Takahashi5 and A. Tonomura1; 1Initial
Research Project, Okinawa Institute of Science and
Technology, c/o Hitachi Advanced Research
Laboratory, Akanuma 2520, Hatoyama, Saitama
350-0395, Japan, 2Head Business Group, TDK
Corporation, 543 Otai Saku-shi, Nagano 385-8555, Japan,
3
Department of Electric Engineering, Tohoku University,
Sendai 980-8579, Japan, 4Institute of Multidisciplinary
Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University,
Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 5The New Industry Creation
Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579,
Japan
Electron holographic observations were performed
in order to clarify the magnetic domain structures in
nanosized pole tips for perpendicular recording heads
made from Ni-Fe. While an external magnetic field

56

10:40-10:55
Precise Measurement of Thickness and Electrical
Potential Distribution in Organic Multilayered
Films in AMOLED Device using TEM Techniques:
Y.-G. Park1, Jung-Un Kim1, Moon-Soon Kim1,
Alexander Tikhonovsky1, Na-Ri Ahn1, Yoon-Su Lee1,
Jae-Hak Lee1, Kazuo Yamamoto2, Takeharu Kato2
and Tsukasa Hirayama2; 1CRD Analysis Team,
Samsung SDI, 508, Sungsung-dong, Cheonan-si,
330-300 Korea, 2Materials R&D Laboratory, JFCC,
2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587 Japan
This article demonstrates transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), i.e., Lorentz microscopy and
electron holography, for measuring thickness and
electrical potential difference in organic multi-layers
of AMOLED. Lorentz microscopy with the Fresnel
mode clearly presents all interface positions, and
using phase-shifting electron holography the electrical
potential has been successfully mapped in the entire
stack of organic multi-layers for the first time.
I07-20

10:55-11:10
Electron Holography of Voids Morphology in the
Fe-40wt%Ni Alloy: U. Shaislamov4, J.-M. Yang1,
J.H. Yoo1, J. Yoo 2, D.-H. Yoo 2, K. Shin2, Y.S. Na3,
K.S. Cho3, J. Lee 3 and B. Yang4; 1 New Technology
& Analysis Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon
305-806, Korea, 2Department of Metallurgy and
Materials Science, Changwon National University,
Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea, 3Korea
Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Kyungnam
641-010, Korea, 4Department of Information and
Nanomaterials Engineering, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730-701,
Korea
In this study, we briefly report the precise
morphology investigation for voids within the
Fe-40wt%Ni alloy by the electron holography

technique. From analysis of the phase shift across the

voids, we could obtain the visual information on the
morphology of voids. Moreover, obtained thickness
profiles of the voids allow to quantitatively measure
the depth and width of the voids. The obtained results
are very important for further investigations of voids
and defects effect on mechanical properties of the
bulk Fe-40wt%Ni alloy.
I07-21

11:25-11:55 Invited
Electron Holography Observation of AlInGaN/Ga
N Heterointerfaces: M. Takeguchi1,2, H. Okuno1,2,
K. Mitsuishi2,3, Y. Irokawa5, Y. Sakuma4 and K.
Furuya2; 1Nano-characterization Center, National
Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 2 High Voltage
Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for
Materials Science, Japan, 3Quantum Dot Research
Center, National Institute for Materials Science,
Japan, 4Semiconductor Material Center, National
Institute for Materials Science, Japan
We quantitatively characterized an atomic structure, compositional uniformity and charge distribution of 2DEG at the AlInGaN/GaN quantitatively by
high- angle annular dark field scanning transmission
electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and electron
holography.
I07-23

Organized by Yoshizo Takai, Dae-Hong Ko and Ze

Zhang
Room 401
14:00 ~ 18:10

Chair: Yoshizo Takai

14:00-14:30 Invited
Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscopy:
Studying Irreversible Transient Phenomena on
the Nanosecond and Nanometer Scale: N.D.
Browning1,2, G.H. Campbell1, J.S. Kim1, 2, W.E. King1,
T.B. LaGrange1, B.W. Reed1 and M.L. Taheri1; 1MS&T
Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
Livermore, CA 94550, USA, 2Dept. Chem. Eng. &
Materials Science, University of California, Davis,
CA 95616, USA.
The potential for direct high spatial resolution
imaging with ultrafast time resolution has recently
been demonstrated in the dynamic transmission
electron microscope (DTEM). The high temporal
resolution is achieved in the DTEM by using a short
pulse laser to create the pulse of electrons by photoemission. Another advantage of the DTEM configuration
is that the specimen drive laser can be used for in-situ
materials processing. The use of the laser for fast
heating of the specimen presents differences and
several advantages over conventional resistive heating
in-situ TEM ?nbsp;such as the ability to drive the
sample into non-equilibrium states. The operation of
the DTEM, its potential future spatial and temporal
resolution and examples of materials applications
will be presented.
I06-01

ORAL THURSDAY

11:10-11:25
Two-dimensional Dopant Profile Measurement
with Back-side Ion Milled Specimen by Electron
Holography: J.H. Yoo1, J.-M. Yang ,1 U. Shaislamov 1,
K.-J. Park 1, W.-J. Hwang1 and D. Shindo2; 1New
Technology & Analysis Division, National Nanofab
Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 2Institute of
Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials,
Tohoku University,
Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 9808577, Japan
The visualization of two-dimensional dopant profiles
and the quantitative analysis of the built in potential,
Vp-n, by electron holography were carried out with
back-side ion milled specimens. From the quantitative
analysis using the phase information of electron
holography, Vp-n was estimated to be about 0.78 V
assuming the thickness of the dead layer on both
surfaces was 50 nm, which was to show the
difference of within 12% from the calculated value. It
demonstrates that the back-side ion milling method is
very promising specimen preparation technique for
the reliable and quantitative analysis of dopant
profiling with electron holography.
I07-22

I-06) In-situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM

14:30-14:45
Plumbing Carbon Nanotubes: Chuanhong Jin, Kazu
Suenaga and Sumio Iijima; Research Center for
Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Tsukuba, 305-8565 Japan
In this talk, we will present our efforts and results
on plumbing carbon nanotubes by means of in situ
high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
I06-02
14:45-15:00
In-situ Observation of Structural and Electrical
Change of Resistive Switching Materials Using
Electrically Biased TEM Holder: Dong-Su Ko,
Sung-Dae Kim, Tae-Young Ahn, Kyung Min Kim,
Cheol Seong Hwang and Young-Woon Kim; Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National

57

University, San 56-1 Sillim 9-dong Gwanak-gu,

Seoul, 151-744, Korea
In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
became one of the major fields in physics and
materials science as the advanced technologies were
adopted to observe real-time changes of microstructures
in a confined space of TEM. We developed an in-situ
TEM holder to investigate the live operation of
electronic devices and we present step-by-step manufacturing procedures of nano-manipulator-electrical
signal holder applied to investigate the mechanism of
phase changing and transport of matters in resistive
switching materials such as transition metal oxide
I06-03
(TiO2, NiO) and chalcogenide thin film.

thickness in Co/Al foils will be presented. The data

will reveal the variations in phase formation/
separation morphology as well as highlight the
relationship between bilayer thickness and reaction
front velocity.
I06-05
15:45-16:00
In-situ High Resolution TEM Techniques for
Synthesis and Characterization of Catalysts: T.
Kamino, T. Yaguchi, A. Watabe, Y. Nagakubo and T.
Sato; Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige,
Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki, 312-0057 Japan
High resolution TEM equipped with a gasinjection specimen heating holder and its application
is discussed.
I06-06

Chair: Nigel Browning

ORAL THURSDAY

15:00-15:30 Invited
Dynamic TEM Observation of Graphite Formation using Transition Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts:
Y. Takai, T. Yahiro and T. Kida; Department of
Material and Life Science; Graduate School of
Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka;
Suita, Osaka 565-0871; Japan
Processes of graphite formation from an
amorphous carbon thin film using transition metal
oxide nanocrystals were observed on an atomic scale
in situ by using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) at high temperatures. The nanocrystals
changed into a liquid-like phase at 600-800, the
particles moved around on the film while absorbing
amorphous carbon and forming graphite films with
highly (001) orientation on its trace. The dynamic
observation indicates that the graphite sheets are
formed not on the topmost surface of the particle, but
a few atomic layers beneath the surface.
I06-04
15:30-15:45
Dynamic Phase Formation in Reactive Nanolaminates using Nanosecond in situ TEM: J.S. Kim,1,2
T.B. LaGrange1, B.W. Reed1, N.D. Browning1,2 and G.
H. Campbell1; 1Materials Science and Technology
Division, Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life
Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA
94550, USA, 2Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of California, 1
Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
A single pulse of several million photoemitted
electrons is used in the Dynamic TEM for direct
observation of irreversible, transient phenomena in
reactive nanolaminates. Using this method, 10 ns
time-resolution can be achieved to observe the
dynamic intermetallic formation reaction revealing
unique morphological features of instability at the
reaction front. A comparative study of varied
stoichiometry in NiV/Al foils and varied bilayer

58

16:00-16:20 Coffee break

Chair: Dong-Ik Kim

16:20-16:50 Invited
In Situ TEM Observation of Strain-Induced
Large Strain Plasticity of Amorphous Materials at
Nano-Scale: Ze Zhang, Kun Zheng, Yuefei Zhang
and Xiaodong Han; Institute of Microstructure and
Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University
of Technology, Pingle Yuan 100#, Chaoyang District
Beijing, 100124, Beijing, China
At nano-scale, materials can exhibit different
properties with their bulks, such as mechanical
properties, electrical properties and thermal properties.
By using new TEM manipulative technique, one
dimensional materials can be bent and pulled in situ
in an ultra-high resolution TEM. During the bending
or tensile processes, strain-induced plasticity of
amorphous materials has been directly observed at
atomic scale at nearly room temperature. In this
paper, we report the in situ observation of large strain
plasticity of SiC nanowires and Si nanowires. The
large strain plasticity mainly results from their
amorphous structure rather than their crystalline
counterparts. The large strain plasticity of these nano
amorphous materials is suggested to derive from the
high volume surface ratio of the nanomaterials. The
high volume surface ratio makes it possible that the
amorphous flow could happen at a temperature far
below their glassy transition temperature Tg through
surface atomic diffusion process.
I06-07
16:50-17:05
In-situ Observation of Dislocation Plasticity of Al
Submicro-crystal Deforming under Uniform
Tension: Sang Ho Oh1,2, Marc Legros3, Daniel

Kiener1 and Gerhard Dehm1; 1Erich Schmid Institute

of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences
and Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversitt Leoben, Jahnstr. 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria,
2
Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea
Basic Science Institute, 52 Eoeun-dong, Daejeon
305-333, Korea, 3CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne
Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
Dislocation-based crystal plasticity at the submicrometer length scale was observed directly by
in-situ TEM straining of a FIB-machined Al
submicro-crystal. Major deformation mechanisms
identified are the formation of nanometer-sized faulted
dislocation loops at the initial stage of deformation
and the dislocation emission by the operation of
single-pinned sources governing the plastic flow
regime. The lengths of dislocation sources operated
in the submicro-crystal were shorter than in the
continuous Al film. Upon generation, the dislocations
propagate and eventually escape the crystal at a rate
comparable to the nucleation rate, so that the
dislocation density remained statically constant
throughout the deformation.
I06-08

Chair: Ze Zhang

17:20-17:35
Oxidation Behavior during the First Stage of
Oxidation in Metallic Interconnects for SOFC
Application: Dong-Ik Kim1, Seung Hee Hong1,2,
Heung Nam Han2, Phaniraj P Madakashira1 and
Young Whan-Cho1; 1Materials Science and Technology
Division, Korean Institute of Science and Technology,
136-791 Seoul, Korea, 2School of Materials Science

17:35-17:50
A Review of In-Situ Electron Backscattered
Diffraction Observations of Evolving Polycrystalline Microstructures: S. I. Wright and M. N.
Nowell; EDAX-TSL, 392 E 12300 S, Suite H, Draper,
UT 84020, USA
With the increase of collection speed achieved by
modern EBSD system, EBSD has becomase a
potential tool for the study of the orientation aspects
in polycrystalline materials under various dynamic
processes. This paper reviews the application of
EBSD to dynamic in-situ studies performed with
heating and deformation stages in the SEM.
Examples will be shown detailing in-situ phase
transformation, recrystallization and grain growth,
tensile deformation and creep and what insights were
gleaned from the measurements.
I06-11

17:50-18:10 Invited
Recent Developments of In Situ Hrem for
Material Reactions: R. Sinclair, K. H. Min, S. Kang,
K. H. Kim and H. J. Jung; Development of Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305-4034, USA
The development of in situ high resolution electron
microscopy, from a means to directly observe reactions
at the atomic scale in materials to being a real
quantitative tool, is now well-documented. In this
paper, we describe recent applications of this approach,
particularly for investigating the behavior of possible
materials for future silicon-based transistors. The
kinetics and mechanism of crystallization in a candidate
high-k dielectric metal oxide will be documented and
the extension to use the FIB-TEM combination in
order to probe the electrical properties of individual
crystals is established. Reactions in possible future
gate metals will be shown, particularly the formation
of NiSi and the consequences of the breakdown of
I06-14
the thin SiO2 gate oxide.

ORAL THURSDAY

17:05-17:20
Nucleation and Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from
Nanoparticle Catalysts Observed by a Newly Developed High Resolution Environmental Transmission
Electron-Microscope: S. Takeda1, H. Yoshida1, H.
Kohno1 and Y. Homma2; 1Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Oaska 560-0043,
Japan, 2Department of Physics, Tokyo University of
Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
Utilizing the ETEM, we have observed the
nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
at the atomic scale. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are
one of the promising nanomaterials for future
nanotechnology. Nevertheless, no one has yet grown
CNTs of specific electronic property selectively that
is needed for actual electronic application. A crucial
key to control the growth is to elucidate the
nucleation and growth mechanism of CNTs at the
atomic scale. We have already observed the
unexpected motion of CNTs by using the ETEM.
I06-09

and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-742

Seoul, Korea
Metallic interconnects development for SOFC
application requires complex properties of oxidation
resistance, high conductivity, and chemical stability
(low volatility) at 650-850 for long term operation.
But the oxidation behavior of metallic interconnects
has not fully understood especially during the first
stage of oxidation. The phase and orientation of
oxide layer of metallic interconnects was analyzed by
EBSD. It was revealed that the oxidation kinetics of
metallic interconnects was different in each grain,
and it is strongly related to the orientation and stored
energy of metallic interconnects matrix.
I06-10

59

M-01) Nanometer-sized Materials: Dots.

Particles Wires, Tubes and Fiber
Organized by Cheol-Woong Yang
Room 303
09:20 ~ 12:05, 14:00 ~ 17:30

Chairs: M.H. Jo, T. Kawasaki and C. Pan

09:20-09:50 Invited
TEM Investigation of Au-based Heterostructureral
Nanocrystals and Their Spectroscopy Property:
S.Y. Zhang, J. Zeng and X.P. Wang; Hefei National
Laboratory for physical Science at Microscale,
University of Science and Technology of China,
Hefei, Anhui 230026, Peoples Republic of China.
This paper reports the preparation of Au-based
heterostructural nanocrystals including CdSe-Au,
PbSe-Au, FePt-Au, Cu2O-Au and FePt-CdS-Au from
different precursor nanocrystals. Based on the
investigations of TEM and HRTEM, a formation
mechanism of the heterostructures has been proposed.
The heterostructural nanocrystals exhibited news
physical properties due to the coupling effect of
conjuctive parts. The method of the specimen
preparation provides a simple route to a variety of
building blocks for multicomponent nanocrystals
with multiple structures and coupling functions in
nanotechnology.
M01-01
ORAL THURSDAY
60

09:50-10:05
Dynamic Observation of Nano-particulate Gold
Catalysts under Reaction and Non-reaction Conditions
by Environmental-cell TEM: T. Kawasaki1,2, H.
Hasegawa1 and T. Tanji3; 1Dept. Electrical Eng. and
Computer Sci., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan, 2PRESTO-JST, Japan
Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho
Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan, 3EcoTopia
Science Inst., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
The surface structure of catalytic gold nanoparticles was observed dynamically during CO oxidation
and non-reaction under nitrogen-gas environmet
using an environmental-cell transmission electron
microscope (E-cell TEM) system. In the developed
system, the gold catalyst specimen can be set under
the gas condition by separating it from the vacuum
using ultra-thin carbon films. The films used are
specially developed with high toughness and
anti-oxidative property. About 10nm thick films, less
than half of conventional ones, enabling to withstand
more than atmospheric pressure were achieved.
Dyanamic observations using the above system
indicated marked changes in the surface shape of the
gold nano-particle catalyst during the reaction. On
the other hand, no shape changes were observed

under nitrogen-gas condition. These results proved

that alterations of gold particles were caused by the
catalytic reaction.
M01-02

10:05-10:20
Preparing Metallic Nanostructures in a Transmiss
ion Electron Microscope: Zongwen Liu, Rongkun
Zheng and Simon P. Ringer; Australian Key Centre
for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of
Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Metallic nanostructures represent an emerging
class of nanomaterials that promise broad applications
owing to their unique optical, electronic, magnetic
and catalytic properties. In this paper we demonstrate
a one-step procedure for preparing metal and alloy
nanostructures of varying shapes through vapour
deposition in high vacuum. The nanostructures
prepared through in this way are free of any surface
contaminants. This vacuum vapour deposition approach
is based on the early finding that under very low
pressure metals such as Cu, Ag and Au start to
evaporate at temperatures that are far below their
melting points. The metal vapour tends to re-deposit
on a substrate and grows into nanoparticles, nanorods
and nanowires.
M01-03
10:20-10:35
Quantitatively Exploring the Mechanical Behavior of
Nanometer-sized Materials: Z.W. Shan1,2, A.M.
Minor1, S.A.S. Af 2 and O.L. Warren2; 1Hysitron
Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA,
2
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
USA
We recently has developed a unique quantitative
in-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) instrument
comprised of a miniature capacitive transducer (capable
of electrostatic actuation and capacitive displacement
sensing) incorporated into a TEM holder. This new
instrument provides an unprecedented ability to
quantitatively measure the force vs. displacement
relationship associated with the induced deformation
while simultaneously observing the resulting microstructure evolution. In this work, we report the
current progress in applying this unique device on
nanometer sized materials, which include single
crystalline Ni pillars and nanocrystalline CdS hollow
spheres. The physical insight derived from the novel
findings suggests that this quantitative in situ TEM
device is an irreplaceable, powerful tool for exploring the
unique mechanical properties of nanometer sized
materials.
M01-04

10:35-10:50 Coffee break

10:50-11:05
In Situ Study on the Mechanical Properties of
Individual Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes: X. L.
Wei, Q. Chen, Y. Liu, M. S. Wang and L. -M. Peng;
Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of
Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
M01-05
11:05-11:20
One-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials from
Ethanol Flames: A Review: C. Pan1,2, X. Qi1 and Z.
Jun1; 1Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of
Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of
Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan
430072, China
The present contribution provide a comprehensive review in the one-dimensional (1D) carbon
nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
and carbon nanofibers (CNFs)) from ethanol flames
and summarizes valuable achievements in our group
with respect to their synthesis, microstructures,
growth mechanism, properties, well-aligned controlment
and fabrication of 1D junction carbon nanostructures.
M01-06

11:35-11:50
Characterized Pt/Carbon Onion Fullerenes from
Deoiled Asphalt: Xiaomin Wang 2, Wen Du 1, Guo
Junjie1 and Bingshe Xu2; 1College of Materials
Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of
Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China, 2Key Laboratory of
Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced

ORAL THURSDAY

11:20-11:35
Motions of Single Organic Molecule Loosely
Attached to Carbon Nanotube Under Electron
Irradiation: M. Koshino1, K. Suenaga2 and E.
Nakamura1,3; 1ERATO-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama
332-0012, Japan., 2Research Centre for Advanced
Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan. 3Department of
Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
We report that time-dependent, near-atomic
resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
has successfully imaged various types of single
organic molecules such as hydrocarbon, amide bond
and aromatic ring either by confining or attached to
carbon nanotubes. In addition, the motion analysis of
such molecules enables us to investigate the
interaction of molecules with neiboring molecules or
with surrounded environment. We discuss what
structural changes or what energy source have
affected on the motions of molecules by the
experiment at 293 K and 4K.
M01-07

Materials of Taiyuan University of Technology,

Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China
Onion-like fullerenes (OLFs) has become a novel
carbon material since the discoveries of C60 and
carbon nanotubes (CNTs)[1-2]. Although it has been
expected that the OLFs can be employed as a good
support for catalysts due to its good corrosion
resistance[3-4], high conductivity, relatively large
specific surface area and other properties, such
reports are rather few. In the paper, onion-like
Fullerenes (OLFs) were prepared by CVD method
and purified and functionalized by nitric acid
treatment. 20 wt.% Pt/OLFs and Pt/Vulcan XC-72
catalysts were prepared by the impregnationreduction method with formaldehyde as the reductive;
and the morphology and structure were characterized
by high resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and others; the
perfomancee of catalysts were characterized by
electrochemical experiments. The results shows that
after acid treatment the graphitization of OLFs
improves, most of Fe particles are removed and
carbonyl, hydroxy, carboxyl groups are involved
onto OLFs, which not only increase water solubility
of OLFs, but also supply the nucleation point on
OLFs for Pt particles. The Pt/OLFs shows the
characteristic diffraction peaks of a Pt fcc structure.
The Pt nanoparticles are highly dispersed on OLFs
and have an average diameter of 3.05 nm, compared
to 4.10 nm on Vulcan XC-72. The Pt/OLFs contained
mostly Pt0, with traces of Pt2 and Pt4. The real
surface area of Pt on the Pt/OLFs is larger than
Pt/XC-72 due to its smaller average particle size. The
catalytic activity of the Pt/OLFs catalysts for
methanol electro-oxidation, as measured by cyclic
voltammetrys is evaluated from the peak current
value at around 0.78V, and outperformed the
Pt/Vulcan XC-72 by about 20%. HCHO exhibits
such an important reducing effect in the process of
reduction of Pt4+ to Pt0 that Pt/OLFs with complete
structure, good dispersion, and a diameter of 2.53.5
nm can be prepared only using excess of HCHO as
the reductive.
M01-08
11:50-12:05
Nano Manipulation and Characterization for
Graphene Sheet: Seongyong Park and Moon J. Kim;
Department of Material Science and Engineering,
The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell
Road, RL 10 Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S.A.
Recently, single to few layers of carbon sheets
(graphenes) have emerged as a promising candidate
for nano electric devices. In order to clarify the
intrinsic properties of graphene associated with the
unique nanostructure and to utilize it as a device,
nano manipulation and HRTEM observation were

61

performed. Changes of the physical structure and

electrical properties will be discussed.
M01-09

12:05-13:00 Lunch

13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chairs: H. K. Cho and Y. Oshima

ORAL THURSDAY

14:00-14:30 Invited
Self-organized Growth of Ge Nanowires from
NiCu Alloy Thin Films: Kibum Kang, Dong An Kim,
Gil-Ho Gu, Chan Gyung Park and Moon-Ho Jo;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pohang University of Science and Technology
(POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang,
Gyungbuk 790-784, Korea
We report self-organized growth of singlecrystalline Ge nanowires on NiCu alloy thin films,
using GeH4 precursors. Specifically, by extensive
transmission electron microscopy studies, it is found
that the thermal decomposition of GeH4 precursor at
275 on NiCu alloy films of 80 nm in thickness
promotes the self-organization of Cu3Ge phases at
the nanometer scale within the NiCu matrix, and later
catalytically and area-selectively decomposesby Cu3Ge
nanocrystals to crystallize into single-crystalline Ge
nanowires. We argue that our simple growth scheme,
employing metal alloy films as the seed layers,
suggest practical implications for the large-area
growth of semiconductor nanowires.
M01-10
14:30-14:45
TEM Observation of Transfer of a Single Carbon
Fullerene: Y. Oshima1,2, Y. Kurui3 and K.
Takayanagi1,3; 1Dept. Materials Science and
Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-3,
4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502
Japan, 2 PRESTO-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
3
Dept. Cond. Matt. Physics, Tokyo Institute of
Technology, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo
152-8551 Japan
M01-11

14:45-15:00
HRTEM Characterization of Bi2Fe4O9 Nanowires
Synthesized by Microwave-assisted Hydrothermal
Method: HE Kai, ZHU Jian-min and ZHU Xin-hua;
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures,
Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing

62

210093, China

M01-12

15:00-15:15
Electron-irradiation-induced Silicide Formation
on Pt/SiOx Hybrid Materials: J.-G. Lee1, C.-J.
Choi1 and H. Mori2; 1Department of Powder
Materials, Korea Institute of Materials, Korea,
2
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron
Microscopy, Osaka University, Japan
A series of in situ TEM experiments to study the
electron irradiation effect on silicon oxide (SiOx)
films where Pt nanoparticles were placed (hereafter,
Pt/SiOx) has been carried out. It was found that
alpha-Pt2Si was formed on Pt nanoparticles with
increasing dose of 200 keV electrons at ambient
temperature. The silicide formation was confirmed to
take place also at 93K. The silicide, alpha-Pt2Si,
formed here was the same phase that was predicted
as the first phase forming at the interface between
Si and Pt in the effective heat of formation model by
Pretorius and was in fact observed to form at the
interface by conventional heat treatment. The rate of
silicide formation under electron-irradiation increased
with decreasing energy of incident electrons. This
fact indicates that the electronic excitation rather than
the knock-on displacement associated with electronirradiation plays an essential role in the radiationinduced silicide formation. It was also found that the
silicide formed had a crystallographic orientation
relationship of (001)Pt//(001)Pt2Si and110Pt//110
Pt2Si, with the Pt nanoparticle. Based upon these
experimental results, the mechanism behind the
electron-irradiation-inducedsilicide formation in the
Pt nanoparticles/amorphous SiOx composite will be
discussed.
M01-13
15:15-15:30
Fabrications and Characterization of Novel ZnSe
Nanostructures:
Lei Jin1, Jianbo Wang1,
1
Shuangfeng Jia , Yu Liu1, Guangyi Cao1 and Wallace
C. H. Choy2; 1Department of Physics and Center for
Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China., 2Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam
Road, Hong Kong, China
Novel ZnSe nanostructures including nanowheels,
nanospirals and bicrystal nanobelts have been fabricated
and investigated by combinations of various SEM
and TEM techniques. The nanowheels are composed
of structural perfect base with metastble wurtzite
phase and the laterally extended tooth-like patterns.
The nanospirals exhibit unconventional mosaic
configurations with zinc blende structured blocks
compartmentalized by planar defects and associated
partial dislocations. The bicrystal nanobelts form by
introducing {113} twinning to connect the
component nanoplates, each of which is concurrently

filled numerous nanoscale <111> twinning lamellas.

Based on the structural characterizations, the formation
mechanisms are proposed for these nanostructures.
M01-14
15:30-15:45
A Generic Approach for Embedded CatalystSupported Vertically-Aligned Nanowire Growth:
Hee-Suk Chung1, Seul Cham Kim1, Ji Woo Kim1,
Sang Hoon Lee1, Yeongwoong Jung2, Tyler Jacob
Zimmerman2, Ritesh Agarwal2 and Kyu Hwan Oh2;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro
599, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA 19104, USA
M01-15

16:00-16:15 Coffee break

Chair: J.G Lee

16:15-16:45 Invited
Growth and Microstructural Characterization of
1D and Multidimensional ZnO Nanostructures: H.
K. Cho1, D.C. Kim1, D.J. Park2 and J.Y. Lee2;
1
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering,

16:45-17:00
Growth Characteristics of Iron Silicide on Si
Surface with and without Electron Beam by UHV
Electron Microscopy: K. Furuya, M. Tanaka, M.
Han, F. Chu, M. Takeguchi and K. Mitsuishi; National
Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
Transition metal silicide-silicon systems have been
investigated extensively for both technological and
scientific reasons. Most silicides are metallic and
thus are used for contacts, gates, etc. But some
silicides such as Fe-silicides are semiconducting and
are potential candidates for silicon-based optoelectronic
devices or thermoelectric materials. However, their
structures and properties at the early stage of their
growth have not been resolved well yet. In the
present work, we report the characteristics of small
Fe-silicide islands formed epitaxially on Si(111) with
and without electron beam irradiation by ultrahigh
vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHV-TEM)
and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
M01-18
17:00-17:15
The Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium
Oxide Nanotubes: Chih-Hao Lee1, H.W. Chang2,
Y.H. Huang1, Y.C. Cheng2 and C.H. Lin2; 1Department
of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan., 2Department of
Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education,
Changhua, Taiwan
In this work, we prepare TiO2 nanotubes in a
large quantity by treating the TiO2 anatase powder
with NaOH solution for several days at 110. SEM
and TEM were used to image the morphology of the
samples during the nanotube growth. The detailed
structure of this nanotube was also measured by
XRD and EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine
Structure) to show the long range and short range
order of the structures.
M01-19

ORAL THURSDAY

15:45-16:00
High Energy-resolution EELS Studies on Plasmon
Excitations of LaB6 and Cs0.33WO3 Particles by
Using a Monochromator Transmission Electron
Microscope: Y. Sato,1 M. Terauchi,1 M. Mukai,2 T.
Kaneyama2 and K. Adachi3; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials,
Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8577, Japan, 2JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino,
Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan, 3Ichikawa Research
Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd.,
3-18-5 Nakakokubun, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8588
Japan
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra
of single particles of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)
and cesium-doped tungsten trioxide (Cs0.33WO3)
were measured in the near infrared region using a
monochromator transmission electron microscope.
Peak energies of the EELS spectra in the near infrared
region were corresponding to surface plasmon energies
of sphere particles. These energies also correspond to
the dipole scattering of electromagnetic waves by a
fine metallic particle, named as Mie scattering. It is
suggested that an optical absorption energy of
metallic nanoparticles can be derived from a carrier
plasmon energy of the material.
M01-16

Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong,

Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea,
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
373-1 Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701,
Korea
M01-17

17:15-17:30
Perovskite Single-crystalline Lead Titanate
Nanowires Synthesized by Microwave-hydrothermal
Methods and Structural Characterization: Xinhua
Zhu, Junyi Wang, Zhenghai Zhang, Jianmin Zhu,
Shunhua Zhou, Zhiguo Liu and Naiben Ming;
National Laboratory of State Microstructures,
Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing

63

210093, P.R. China

In this work, we report on the synthesis and
microstructure of tetragonal body-centered-type (also
named as PX-phase) PbTiO3 (PT) nanowires with
acicular morphology, diameter sizes of 40 - 60 nm
and lengths up to several micrometers. The PX-phase
PT nanowires synthesized by microwave-hydrothermal
process, tend to grow into a regular structure with
parallel arrangement along their long axis in the [001]
direction. The selected area electron diffraction
patterns reveal that the PX-phase PT has a 3-fold
modulated periodicity along the [110] direction, and
4-fold modulated periodicity in the [001] direction,
respectively. This result is confirmed by highresolution TEM images.
M01-20

M-11) Applications to Materials science and

Engineering
Organized by Chan Gyung Park
Room Samda1
09:20 ~ 12:05, 14:00 ~ 16:45

Chairs: C.G. Park and T. Tanaka

ORAL THURSDAY
64

09:20-09:50 Invited
The Study of Grooves: CB Carter, S Bhowmick, JP
Winterstein, JL Riesterer and J Basu; Chemical,
Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, CT
M11-01
09:50-10:05
Direct Imaging of Dopant Atoms at Dislocation
Core in W-doped NbSi2: Y. Maemura,1 E. Abe,1 K.
Hagiwara,2 T. Nakano2 and Y. Umakoshi2; 1Department
of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
We investigate the dislocation core structure of
the W-doped NbSi2 using scanning transmission
electron microscopy (STEM), particularly focusing
on distribution of W around the dislocations. We
perform a unique angle-resolved STEM imaging,
which provides simultaneous imaging both
HAADF/LAADF. It is found that the brightest column
appears to be different sites around the partial
dislocation cores between the HAADF and LAADF;
that is, these sites definitely reveals different angeldependence of the contrast. On this basis, it is
evident that the brightest contrast in HAADF is
(mostly) due to chemical Z-contrast representing doped
W atoms, and the brightest LAADF contrast at its
neighbor sites is mostly caused by Debye-Waller
contrast of distorted-columns. From the angleresolved STEM imaging, we can clearly identify the

doped heavy atom positions, even at significantly

strained regions.
M11-02
10:05-10:20
Electron Microscopic Investigations on Relaxor
Ferro-electrics Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Pb(Mg1/3
Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3: Jing Zhu1, Shu Miao1, H.Z. Jin1,
Hui Wang1, Ning Lu1 and X.W. Zhang2; 1Beijing
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China, 1Laboratory of
Advanced Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University,
Beijing 100084, China, 2State Key Laboratory of New
Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
Relaxor ferroelectrics Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)
and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) are composed of nanodomains. Nano-beam electron diffracttion (NBD) and energy dispersion spectrum (EDS)
are used to claim the random site model in PMN,
there exists large composition fluctuation of Mg/Nb
ratio across the interface between ordered domain
and disordered matrix, and the fluctuation is stronger
in the interface. The convergent beam electron diffraction
(CBED) was used to determine that the monoclinic
Mc phase in PMN-PT is composed of hierarchical
micro/nano-domain structure. The Mc phase is
tetragonal in nanometer scale while appears as
monoclinic symmetry in micrometer scale due to an
average effect.
M11-03
10:20-10:35
Structural Characterization of Metastable Iron
Silicides Formed in the Fe Ion Implanted Si: M.
Naito and M. Ishimaru; Institute of Scientific and
Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki,
Osaka 567-0047, Japan
Thermal annealing-induced recrystallisation in Fe
ion-implanted Si was investigated by transmission
electron microscopy. Si(111) substrates were implanted
with 120keV Fe ions to a fluence of 1.01017/cm2 at
cryogenic temperature. A buried amorphous Fe-Si
layer in an amorphous Si matrix was formed in the
as-implanted sample. Nanobeam electron diffraction
revealed that metastable alpha-FeSi2 precipitates,
which have observed previously only in epitaxiallygrown thin films, embedded in the amorphous Si
matrix were formed after annealing at 350C for 8h.
Based on the Fe1-xSi (0<x<0.5) phase with the CsCl
structure, we discuss the formation process of the
metastable alpha-FeSi2 in the amorphous matrix.
M11-04

10:35-10:50 Coffee break

10:50-11:20 Invited
Principle and Applications of the 3d Atom Porbe
Tomography: B. Deconihout, F. Vurpillot, E. Cadel,
A. Vella, A. Bostel and D. Blavette; Groupe de
Physique des Matriaux UMR CNRS 6634, Universit de ROUEN, 76801 Saint Etienne du
M11-05

11:20-11:35
Atom Probe Analysis on the Distribution of Alloy
Elements in C-Mn-Si TRIP Steels: N.S. Lim1, J.S.
Kang1 and C.G. Park1, 2; 1Dept. of Materials Science
and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech.
(POSTECH), San 31, Hoyjadong, Namgu, Pohang,
790-784, Korea, 2National Center for Nanomaterials
Technology, POSTECH, San 31, Hoyjadong, Namgu,
Pohang, 790-784, Korea
In this study, correlation between alloy segregation
and microstructure was investigated in thermomechanically processed C-Mn-Si transformation
induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, alloyed with P, Al,
Ti and N. The microstructures of TRIP steels were
investigated by using a laser assisted wide angle
tomographic atom probe (LAWATAP). Through these
analysis techniques, the advanced characteristics of
constituent micro- structure in TRIP steels were
identified. Also, a non- uniform distribution of C, Mn,
Ti and B in various phases was observed in atomic
scale.
M11-06

12:05-13:00 Lunch
13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chairs: T. Hirayama and Jianbo Wang

14:00-14:30 Invited
Applications of Electron and Ion Microscopies to
Steel Research: J.S. Kang1, Y.S. Yang1, J.B Seol1,
N.S. Lim1 and C.G. Park1,2; 1Dept. of Materials
Science and Engineering, 2National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT), Pohang University of
Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784,
Korea
M11-09

ORAL THURSDAY

11:35-11:50
TEM Investigation of Structural Evolution of
Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 Nanobelts during Ex-situ Heat
Treatment and In-situ Electron Irradiation: Xiaoli
Lu1, Jianbo Wang1, Ke Zhang1, Luying Li1, Yiwen
Tang2 and Zhiyong Jia2; 1Department of Physics and
Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University,
Wuhan 430072, China., 2Institute of Nano-Science
and Technology, School of Physics and Technology,
Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,
China
The structure and structural evolution of
Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts during ex-situ heat
treatment and in-situ electron irradiation are
investigated using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) techniques mainly including bright-field
imaging, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED)
combined with kinematic simulations and highresolution TEM. The transformation from Ni(SO4)0.3
(OH)1.4 to NiO can be observed in both cases. With
combining the ex-situ and in-situ results, the
structural evolution is clarified and further the
preliminary structural model of Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 is
proposed based on the observed structural relationship.
M11-07

11:50-12:05
Interfacial Structure in Catalyst of Au Nanoparticle on Rutile-TiO2 by Combination of Aberrationcorrected TEM and Gas Inlet TEM Holder:
Takayuki Tanaka; Tokyo Institute of Technology
Recently atomic structures of Au nanoparticles
(NPs) / TiO2 catalyst are discussed in relation to its
high catalytic activity [1, 2]. The interfacial atomic
structures including light elements (C, N, O) are
observed by means of aberration-corrected Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM) with high phase contrast.
In-situ TEM allows observation of dynamical change
of the catalytic structures. We studied the interfacial
structures Au NPs on rutile {110} and {100} by
aberration-corrected TEM. We also discussed the
active sites of catalyst nanoparticles by using a gas
inlet holder.
M11-08

14:30-14:45
Microstructure of Oxide Scales Thermally Formed
on Single Crystal Silicon Carbide: B. Chayasombat1, T.
Kato2, Y. Sasaki2, T. Hirayama2, K. Sasaki3 and K.
Kuroda3; 1Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya
University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, 2Nanostructures
Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center,
Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan, 3Department of Quantum
Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603,
Japan
We characterized the oxide scales formed on the
C-terminated face of single crystal 6H-SiC oxidized
at 1473K for 20h in dry oxygen using transmission
electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Matted
areas and spherulitic features areas were observed by
optical microscope. In the matted area, the oxide
scale was composed of amorphous silica with
uniformed thickness. However, in the spherulitic
features area, the oxide scale was not uniform in

65

thickness and consisted of 2 layers of crystalline and

amorphous silica.
M11-10
14:45-15:00
Effects of Rapic Thermel Annealing on Electrical
Conductivity of ZnO Single Nanowire Device
Manufactured by FIB: Sang Won Yoon; Korea
institute of science and technology, Korea
ZnO nanowires are well known as an oxide
semiconductor with the wide band-gap of 3.34 eV
that has potential applications for transparent
electrodes and various gas sensors. To investigate the
sensing properties of single ZnO nanowire, we have
manufactured the single nanowire sensors using a
ZnO nanowire by FIB. Afterward we tried to
enhance the electrical conductivity of the sensors by
RTA process. In this study, microstructural
investigations on the effects of RTA process will be
presented.
M11-11

ORAL THURSDAY

15:00-15:15
Modulated Crystal Structure of Layered Perovskite
Manganites in Charge/Orbital Ordering State:
X.Z. Yu1, T. Arima2, Y. Kaneko3, J.P. He3, T. Asaka1,
K. Kimoto1, Y. Tokura3 and Y. Matsui1; 1Advanced
Electron Microscopy Group, ANCC, National
Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044,
Japan, 2Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for
Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai
980-8577, Japan, 3Multiferroic Project, ERATO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-8656,
Japan
Systematic observation of the modulated crystal
structure of Pr1-xCa1+xMnO4 and RE0.5(Ca1-ySry)1.5MnO4
(RE = Pr or Eu) reveals that the modulated vector
shows a striking asymmetric behavior as the hole
doping x deviates from x = 0.5. On the other hand,
the modulated structure is collapsed (1) as the
decreasing of doping level x, (2) as the increasing of
average ionic radius of A-site cations or (3) as the
increasing of the variance in A-site ionic radii. In
other words, the CO/OO state in these layered
manganites is controlled not only by the doping level
but also by the A-site combination.
M11-12

15:15-15:30
The Study of Microstructure of Un-doped GaN
Film on the Patterned Sapphire Substrate: M.Y.
Kim1, H.J. Lee1, J.H. Lee2 and B.K. Kim1; 1Analytical
Research Group, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, 314,
Meatan 3-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do,
Korea, 2Lighting module group, Samsung ElectroMechanics, 314, Meatan 3-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu,Suwon,
Gyunggi-Do, Korea
The GaN film was grown on hemispherical patterned

66

sapphire to improve the extraction efficiency of light

emitting diodes.[1] To study the growth mechanism
of GaN film on the patterned sphere, the un-doped
GaN films were grown on patterned sapphire by
metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD),
growth time 10, 30, 70 minutes respectively. For
growth mechanism, we investigated microstructure
and growth orientation of GaN film which were
different from growth time using atomic force
microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM).
M11-13

15:30-15:45
Spectrometric Full-color Cathodoluminescence
Microscopy for the Analyses of nano-Fabricated
Materials: H. Saijo1 and M. Shiojiri2; 1School of
Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki
University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama
649-6493, Japan, 2Professor Emeritus of Kyoto
Institute of Technology, 1-197 Wakiyama, Emmyoji,
Ohyamazaki, Kyoto 618-0091, Japan
M11-14
15:45-16:00
Influence of Low Temperature Processing on the
Structure, Microstructure and Mechanical Property
of Magnesia-Doped Zirconia: Eufrecina B. Bognalbal
and Alberto V. Amorsolo, Jr.; Department of Mining,
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University
of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101
Philippines
MgO- doped zirconia was synthesized by solid
state method at 1300 to 1500 for 1h to 6h. The
monoclinic ZrO2 phase content for samples sintered
at 1500 increased with sintering time. This behavior
was associated with increase in the thermal decomposition
of cubic ZrO2 with prolonged sinterinf. XRD, SEM
and SMA results showed mainly monoclic phase
with fairly uniform grain size, microcracks and
sufrace uplift at 1300 and 1400 but predominantly
cubic phase at 1500 with cubic ZrO2 grains much
larger than the monoclinic ZrO2 grains.
M11-15
16:00-16:15
Optimising Analytical Conditions for the Effective
Characterisation and Analysis of Nano-Particles
and Thin Films By SEM/EDS: J. Sheffield-Parker1
and S.R. Burgess2; 1Oxford Instruments Pte Ltd,
Singapore, 2Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis, UK
The current status of the x-ray microscope at 1B2
beam line of PLS will be introduced.
M11-16
16:15-16:30
SEM Study of SnO2 Films Deposited by Spray
Pyrolysis: Conclusions for Gas Sensor Application: G.

Korotcenkov1,2, V. Brinzari2 and Sang Do Han1,2;

1
Future Fundamental Technology Research Department,
Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2 Jang-dong,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Korea, 2Technical
University of Moldova, Bld. Stefan cel Mare 168,
Chisinau, Moldova
In this report we present results of structural
analysis of SnO2 films deposited by spray pyrolysis.
We analyzed the influence of film thickness,
parameters of deposition and doping on morphology
and grain size of deposited films. Results were
obtained using SEM, AFM and XRD methods. As
a result of carried out research we established
peculiarities of SnO2 film structure important for
both the understanding of observed gas sensing
effects and the choosing of deposition parameters
optimal for gas sensing application.
M11-17

M-12 (S1))Memorial Symposium of Professor

K. H. Kuo

10:50-11:20 Invited
The Fine Structure of Wing Scales of Sasakia
Charonda Butterflyand ZnO-based Ultra-violet
Light Emitting Diodes: M. Shiojiri; Japan
M12-04
11:20-11:40
Role of Interface Energy on the Growth of
Epitaxial Semiconductor Nanowires and Their
Heterostructures: J. Zou1, M. Paladugu1, X. Zhang1,
Y.N. Guo1, Y. Wang1, Y. Kim2, H.J. Joyce3, Q. Gao3,
H.H. Tan3 and C Jagadish3; 1Centre for Microscopy
and Microanalysis and School of Engineering, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072,
Australia, 2Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Hadan-2-dong, Sahagu, Busan 604-714, Korea,
3
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering,
Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra,
ACT 0200, Australia
Since the growth of epitaxial semiconductor
nanowires, via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, is
mediated by the catalysts, it is anticipated that the
status of the interface energies between catalyst and
the substrate and between catalyst and the nanowire
play a key role in the nanowire growth. In this study,
through growing InAs/GaAs and GaAs/InAs nanowire
heterostructures and growing InAs epitaxial nanowires
on the GaAs subtracts, both using Au particles as
catalysts, we demonstrate that these interfacial
energies have strong influence on the evolution of
epitaxial nanowires.
M12-05

Chairs: Hu-Chul Lee and Lu Chang Qin

11:40-12:00
Micro-analysis of a Friction-stir Welded Part of
2024 Aluminium Alloy Using EDS and TEM
Methods: E. Sukedai, T. Maebara and T. Yokayama;
Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005,
Okayama, Japan,
M12-06

09:20-09:50 Invited
Life and Work of Prof. K.H. Kuo: Ze Zhang; China
M12-01

12:00-13:00 Lunch

Organized by Y.W Kim

Room Samda2
09:20 ~ 12:00, 14:30 ~ 18:10

09:50-10:30 Invited
Establishment of EM Societies and Cooperative
Program in China-Japan-Korea: H. Hashimoto;
Japan
M12-02

ORAL THURSDAY

16:30-16:45
Carbon Nanotubes from Flames Using Liquid
Amine Fuels: L. Liao and C. Pan; Department of
Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and
Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of
Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
In this work, three new liquid amine fuels were
successfully introduced for the first time to synthesis
CNTs in flames. And many defective sites were
found on the surface of the CNTs synthesized with
high graphitic degree of order. With the defective
sites on the sidewall, the CNTs should present higher
activity than that of pure CNTs with complete
graphite structure. Therefore, the introduction of
liquid amine fuels in flame will have good potential
to directly synthesize the CNTs with preferable
graphitic degree of order as well as high chemical
activity inclusively.
M11-18

10:30-10:50
Microdomains of Decagonal Approximants in
Al67Cr15Cu18 Alloy: X. L. Ma; Shenyang National
Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua
Road 72, 110016, Shenyang, China
M12-03

13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor)

Chairs: X.L. Ma and X.D. Zhou

67

14:30-15:00 Invited
In situ TEM Observation of Strain-Induced Large
Strain Plasticity of Amorphous Materials at
Nano-Scale: Ze Zhang; China
M12-07
15:00-15:20
Probing the Electronic Structure of Nanomaterials by
Valence Electron Energy Loss spectroscopy: Q. Li;
The Chinese University, China
M12-08
15:20-15:50 Invited
Determining the Chiral Indices of Carbon Nanotubes by Electron Diffraction: Lu-Chang Qin; W.M.
Keck Laboratory for Atomic Imaging and Manipulation, Department of Physics and Astronomy and
Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
M12-09
15:50-16:20 Invited
Quantitative 3D Precession Electron Diffraction
and High Resolution Electron Microscopy:
Xiaodong Zou,1,2 Daliang Zhang,1,2 Junliang Sun,1,2
Peter Oleynikov1 and Sven Hovmller1; 1Structural
Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91
Stockholm, Sweden, 2Berzelii Centre EXSELENT on
Porous Materials, Stockholm University, SE-106 91
Stockholm, Sweden
M12-10
ORAL THURSDAY

16:20-16:40
In-situ TEM Observations of Deformation Processes
in Nanostructured Materials and Metallic Glass:
M. L. Sui; Shenyang National Laboratory for
Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
M12-11
16:40-17:10 Invited
Characterization of Semiconductor Nanowires by
HRTEM and In-situ TEM: N. Wang; Hong Kong
University, China
M12-12
17:10-17:30
Electron Irradiation and Thermal-Induced Phase
Transformation in a Si-Sb-Te alloy: X.D. Han;
Beijing University, China
M12-13
17:30-17:50
Combination of Optical Characterization and
Electron Microscopy: Min Gao, Wenliang Li,
Chengyao Li, Qing Chen and Lian-Mao Peng; Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of

68

Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking

University, Beijing 100871, China
In this paper, we introduce our initial efforts to
combine submicron optical techniques and electron
microscopy in our pursuit of comprehensive
characterizations of individual optoelectronic nanostructures. Optical techniques
M12-14
17:50-18:10
Extended Defects and Misfit Accommodation in
Epitaxial Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 Thin Films Grown on
(001) LaAlO3: C.J. Lu1 and L.A. Bendersky2;
1
Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile,
the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China, 2Metallurgy
Division, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
Epitaxial Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin film grown on
(001)LaAlO3 was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that many threading
discations (TDs) with b = <100> split into two or
three partials, while a high density of stacking faults
(SFs) with displacement vectors R = 1/2<110> were
observed. The atomic structure of the SFs having two
edge-sharing TiO6 octahedron layers was suggested
according to HREM simulation. Electron spectroscopic
imaging shows that the faults are Ti-rich, in support
of the structure model. A small amount of excess
TiO2 during the film deposition favored the
formation of the extended SFs.
M12-15

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures

Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and
Toru Noda
Room 301
09:20 ~ 11:45

Chairs: Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong, Jae Hyun

Lee, Byoung Soo Chang, InSun Kim and Toru Noda
09:20-09:50 Invited
Chytridiomycosis: The Disease, the Fungus and
the Role of Electron Microscopy in its Identification
and Development of Diagnostic Assays: Alex D.
Hyatt and the Cytridiomycosis Group; Australian
Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), CSIRO
Livestock Industries, Private Bag 24, Geelong,
Victoria 3220 Australia
Chytridiomycosis is a deadly disease of amphibians
and is caused by a highly infectious fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). The disease is now
recognised as a fatal disease of amphibians and is the
most common disease of frogs worldwide. It infects
two amphibian orders (Anura and Caudata), 14

families and at least 200 species and is responsible

for at least one species extinction. Chytridiomycosis
is now a notifiable disease by the OIE (International
des Epizooties - World Organisation for Animal Health.
Member countries are now required to routinely
report on the status of this disease in their countries
This presentation will describe the search for the
aetiological agent and development of assays from a
microscopical perspective. It will highlight the use of
conventional, immuno- and cryo- transmission and
scanning electron microscopy in unraveling the
identification of the fungus and the development of
internationally validated and accepted diagnostic
assays.
L06-09

ORAL THURSDAY

09:50-10:05
The Anthelmintic Effect of the Crude Extract of
Artocarpus Lakoocha on the Tegumental Surface
of Juvenile Fasciola Gigantica: N. Saowakon1, P.
Chaichanasak1, C. Wanichanon1, V. Reutrakul2 and
P. Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400
Thailand, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400
Thailand.
At present, anthelminitic drug resistance has
become a serious problem in veterinary medicine
therefore novel drugs are urgently required. Several
natural bioactive anthelmintic have been report and
one finish is the extract of Artocarpus lakoocha,
which contains a major chemical, 2,4,3,5tetrahydroxystilbene (THS). This crude extract has
been used as traditional medicine for treating
tapeworm infections. THS has a halogenated
phenol-like group of fasciolicides which has been
shown to be reactive against flatworms. As such, we
conducted a study to examine the effect of THS on
the 3-week-old juvenile flukes by motility assay and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 3, 6, 12 and
24 h incubations, at the concentration 250 g/ml of
crude extract in M-199 medium. The decreased
worm motility was observed after 3 h incubation with
crude extract. Some of juvenile flukes were immobile
6 h after treatment, and died with 12 and 24 h
incubation. The tegument of F. gigantica showed
mild and moderate blebbing with disruption on the
ventral surface after 3 and 6 h incubation,
respectively, whereas lesion on the dorsal surface
was less than extensive ventral surface. After 12 and
24 h incubation, there was extensive blebbing of the
tegument syncytium, and spines had sloughed off,
leaving empty spine sockets and the basal lamina
exposed. These results indicate the potential
anthelmintic effect of THS against young stage of F.
gigantica, and suggest that the tegument may be the
target organ for the drug.
L06-10

10:05-10:20
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei sp. nov. (Microspora:
Enterocytozoonidae), a Parasite of the Black Tiger
Shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae): Fine
Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships:
Somjintana Tourtip1, Somjai Wongtripop2, Grant D.
Stentiford3, K.S. Bateman3, Siriporn Sriurairatana4,
Jittipan Chavadej5 and Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul4,5;
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Mahasarakham University, Amphur Kuntaravichai,
Mahasarakham Province 44150, Thailand, 2Shrimp
Genetic Improvement Center, Center of Molecular
Biology and Genetic Engineering, Ministry of
Science and Technology, 333 Chaiya District, Surat
Thani 83100, Thailand, 3Center for Environment,
Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS),
Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK,
4
Center of Excellence for Shrimp, Molecular and
Biotechnology (Centex shrimp), National Center for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC),
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama IV
Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand, 5Department of
Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University,
Rama IV Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
A new microsporidian species, Enterocytozoon
hepatopenaei sp. n., is described from the hepatopancreas of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
(Crustacea: Decapoda). Different stages of the
parasite, from early plasmodium to mature spore, are
located in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The
multinucleate plasmodia lie in direct contact with
host cell cytoLasm with numerous small blisters at
the surface. Binary fission of the nuclei occurs at the
merogony stage in early Lasmodial development and
numerous spores are formed within the plasmodial
membrane. Electron-dense discs and tubules are
developed in the cytoplasm of the plasmodium and
gradually form polar filaments and polar tube of the
spore. Fresh spores are oval, measuring 1.0 1.5 m
and contains single nucleus, 5 coils of the polar
filament, posterior vacuole, a polar tube, an anchoring
disc, and thick electron-dense wall. The wall is
composed of plasmalemma, an electron-lucentendospore
(10 nm) and electron-dense exospore (2 nm). DNA
primers designed from partial sequence of the
microsporidian SSU rRNA were used for polymerase
chain reaction of the parasite, which gave a 784bp
product. The product was sequenced and found to be
84% homologous to that of Enterocytozoon bieneusi.
L06-11

10:20-10:30 Coffee break

10:30-10:45
Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of HgCl2

69

Reveal Ultrastructural Damage to Liver and

Testes of Clarias macrocephalus L.: Annabelle A.
Herrera, Lilibeth A. Cajuday1 and Dennis D. Raga2;
Institute of Biology, College of Science, University
of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, 1101
Philippines, 1Biology Department, College of
Science, Bicol University, Legazpi City, Albay, 4506
Philippines, 2Biology Department, College of Science,
De La Salle University - Manila, Malate, Manila,
1004 Philippines
The hazardous effects of Mercury were observed
on the testes and liver cells of juvenile C.
macrocephalus after exposure to 0.025 and 0.05
mg/L sublethal concentrations of HgCl2 for 30 days.
Ultrastructural Analysis reveal light to severe damage on
testicular and liver cells. Characteristic signs of apoptosis
were observed in the testes of treatment groups with
extensive cell membrane and nuclear fragmentation,
cytoplasmic vacuolation, dilation of the endoplasmic
reticulum along with loss of cellular membrane
integrity. Histopathological changes in the liver
include cytoplasmic vacuolation of the hepatocytes,
pyknotic nuclei, fatty infiltration and accumulation of
dark cytoplasmic deposits.
L06-12

ORAL THURSDAY

10:45-11:00
Malaysian Sea Cucumbers Microscopical Investigation a Prelude to Harnessing Its Claimed Therapeutic Prowess: A. Siti Fatihah1, S.S.J. Mohsin2
and C.G. Farid 1; 1School of Health Sciences, Health
Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, 2Dean of Research,
Health Science and Biomedicine Research Platform,
School of Health Sciences, Health Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan, Malaysia
Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate which are
known to the local Malays as "gamat". This genus
of marine organism do require detailed taxonomical
treatise in order to clarify the identities and properties
of the various species belonging to it while many of
which could already be endangered. The main objective
of this study is to illustrate the Malaysian variant
integument histo-morphology observed under various
microscopes to harness further taxonomical identification
and structural relationship of claimed therapeutic
prowess. There are various histological features
observed such as vesicles presenting morula cells,
germinal epitheliums, thread-like material, spearhead
protuberances and axonal-like structure.
L06-13
11:00-11:15
An Electron Microscope Study of the Fat Body
Tissues of the Red Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta
albistriga: Raman Chandrasekar1, Seo Sook Jae2,
Enoch Y. Park3 and R. Harikrihsnan4; 1Insect Mole-

70

cular Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan, University,

Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India,
2
Division of Applied Life Sciences, College of
Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University,
Chinju 660-701, South Korea. 3Laboratory of
Bitechnology, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka
University, 863 Ohya, Suruga-ku 422-8529, Japan,
4
Faculty of Applied Marine Science, College of
Ocean Sciences, Cheju National University, Jeju,
690-756, South Korea
The insect fat body synthesizes and stores energyrichmolecules such as lipid, protein, glycogen and
free carbohydrate(Chandrasekar 2006). The Lepidopteran, Amsacta albistriga, fat body becomes heterogeneous and separate into twoare easily distinguished
through appearance and locationby using LM and
EM. The lipids are deposited as small drops or in
large vacuoles that may occupy most of thecytoplasm.
In addition, high frequency of mutivesicular bodies
and protein forms electron dense granules of variable
sizes and shapes formed shortly before pupation. To
account for the present observations, sequential
structural changes fat body tissues and sequestration
of protein granules by the perivisceral fat body by
using electron micrography. Further immunogold
labeling techniques revealed that localization of
crystalline protein granules and the fate of reserves
stored in the fat body.
L06-14
11:15-11:30
Inhibitory Effects of Bambusae Caulis in
Liquamen (BLC) on the Development of Atopic
Dermatitis-like Lesions in Hairless Mice: X.F. Qi1,
Y.M. Lee2, Y.S. Yoon2, Y.C. Teng1, D.H. Kim1 and K.J.
Lee1; 1Department of Environmental Medical
Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, and
Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of
Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon
220-701, Korea, 2Biotech Research Institute, HDr Co.
Ltd., Wonju, Gangwon 220-836, Korea
The present study was undertaken to investigate
the effect of BCL on the development of atopic
dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in hairless mice
induced by DNCB. These findings indicate that BCL
suppresses the development of AD-like skin lesions
in hairless mice induced by DNCB, and suggests that
BCL was, at least in part, potential reagent for the
management of AD-like disease.
L06-15
11:30-11:45
Relief- and Apodized-phase-contrast Imaging of
Biological Specimens: Radek Pelc1, Zdenk
Hostounsk1 and Tatsuro Otaki2; 1The Stentor
Institute, Hostivice-Palouky 614, CZ-25301 PrahaZpad, Czechoslovakia Biomedical Research Centre,

Academy of Sciences, CZ-14220 Praha 4-Kr, Czech

Republic, 2Optical Design Department, Nikon
Corporation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8601, Japan
A combination of relief (off-axis) illumination and
phase contrast is presented. It facilitates image
comprehension in thicker specimens. Applications to
non-absorbing (phase) specimens of biological origin
are shown (e.g., replicas of plant epidermal surfaces).
A comparison with apodized phase contrast capable
of reducing 'halo' artifacts in thicker specimens is
also demonstrated.
L06-16

L-01) Cryo-Electron Tomography for Single

Particles
Organized by Kenji Iwasaki and Kuniyaki Nagayama
Room 301
14:00 ~ 17:15

Chairs: Kenji Iwasaki and Kuniaki Nagayama

14:15-14:30
8 Resolution Structure of Haliotis Diversicolor
Hemocyanin (HdH): Xinghong Dai, Kunpeng Li,
Jian He, Yinyin Li and Qinfen Zhang; State Key Lab
for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou, China
This abstract describes some initial work about
single particle reconstruction of Haliotis diversicolor
Hemocyanin (HdH) by Cryo-Electron Microscopy.
The latest result is measured to be about 8 angstrom
resolution.
L01-02

15:00-15:30 Invited
Structure of the GroEL-GroES-ADP-substrate
Protein Complex from Thermus Thermophilus by
Cryo-electron Microscopy: Ryo Kanno1, Ayumi
Koike-Takeshita2, Ken Yokoyama2, Hideki Taguchi3
and Kaoru Mitsuoka4; 1Department of Biophysics,
Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, 2Chemical
Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology,
3
Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo,
4
Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Chaperonin (GroEL) is a protein which assists
other proteins to fold properly. In this study, we
determined the solution structure of GroEL-GroES
complex from Thermus thermophilus with its
substrate by cryo-electron microscopy. We observed
substrate protein at the center of the cavity and a
distortion of the cis-ring, especially, at the position
near the substrate. We will discuss about the
relationship of our structural observation with the
funcion of chaperonin.
L01-04

ORAL THURSDAY

14:00-14:15
Proteoliposome Formation for Cellular Uptake:
Nanoparticle Conformation Analysis by CryoTEM: Kyung Eun Lee, Min Kyo Jung and Sung Sik
Han; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,
Korea University, Seoul, Korea
The hydrophobic transmembrane domains of
membrane proteins can be stabilized in detergent or
in lipid bilayers such as liposomes. Membrane
proteins can be incorporated into the liposome in a
similar fashion to the way they are handled in vivo.
In this study, a CD40 was then reconstituted into
liposomes by detergent-mediated reconstitution. The
detergent ratios had effects on the structure of the
liposome and the amount of membrane proteins that
were reconstituted into the liposomes. Then the
proteoliposomes were inserted into cell and had
different fates inside cell after endocytosis or phagocytosis. High-density proteoliposomes kept their
structure stable in the phagosome then they were
migrated to the cytoplasm.
L01-01

14:30-15:00 Invited
The Structure of Helicobacter pylori VacA by
Zernike Phase Contrast Cryo-TEM: Radostin
Danev, Akihiro Fujikawa and Kuniaki Nagayama;
Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National
Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki,
444-8787, Japan
There have been several investigations of the
structure of VacA by various microscopy methods.
The most successful one was based on cryo-negative
staining TEM. The thin shape of the monomer and its
multiple oligomeric states make it a challenging
sample for conventional cryo-TEM observation. Our
newly developed Zernike phase contrast TEM
(ZPC-TEM) extracts more object information and
produces images with greatly improved contrast. We
used ZPC-TEM for single particle analysis study of
the 3D structure of wild-type VacA.
L01-03

15:30-15:45
Recognition of a Structural Feature by Microtubule
Plus End Tracking Proteins: Imlications for
Assembly of Microtubules: A. Glynn1, P. Bieling2, T.
Surrey2 and A.S. Frangakis1; 1Department of
Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL,
Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany,
2
Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, EMBL,
Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Combining the approaches of cryo-electron
tomography with single-particle and helical
techniques, we are investigating the structure of
plus-end tracking proteins and how they interact with

71

the growing plus ends of microtubules. There are

currently two main models for the dynamic growth of
microtubules. A mechanism for the closure of
microtubules has been postulated based on our
fluorescent microscopy observations and we are
using electron microscopy techniques to validate
these claims. Previously, I have studied microtubules
through combining CEMOVIS with cryo-electron
tomography, but will focus in this presentation on in
vitro data. As the work is currently in progress, full
written details including figures will be given later.
L01-05

ORAL THURSDAY

15:45-16:15 Invited
Single Particle Cryo-EM for Molecular Structure
Biology of Nanomachines: Wah Chiu; National
Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM)
has become an important tool for molecular structure
biology. This can be attributable to a number of
technological advances: highly stable electron cryomicroscope becomes widely available; software
algorithm is much improved to retrieve 3-D density
map from a large dataset, structure mining tools with
other structural informatics are used to build models
of the molecular components of the nanomachine. It
is now possible to solve a subnanometer resolution
structure of a biological nanomachine (usually close
to or larger than 1 MDa) by single particle cryo-EM
within a few days. In some applications, it still
requires months to years to obtain biologically
meaningful structure information. This abstract
describes the bottlenecks of the molecular biology
applications using single particle cryo-EM. L01-06
16:15-16:45 Invited
Dissecting by Cryo-electron Tomography the
3-dimensional Supramolecular Organization of
Nuclear Intermediate Filaments and Paracrystalline
Fibers in Vitro Assembled from the Single
Caenorhabditis elegans Nuclear Lamin: K. Ben-Harush1,
N. Wiesel2, D. Frenkiel-Krispin1, D. Moeller3, Eyal
Soreq4, H. Herrmann3, Y. Gruenbaum2, O. Medalia1
and U. Aebi5; 1Department of Life Sciences, Ben
Gurion University and the NIBN, Beer-Sheva 84120,
Israel, 2Department of Genetics, Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, 3Division of
Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center,
D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, 4Bezalel Academy of
Arts and Design, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, 5M. E.
Mueller Institute for Structural Biology, Biozentrum,
CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
The nuclear lamina (NL) is a distinct,
meshwork-like filament assembly tightly adhering to
the inner nuclear membrane. This filament meshwork
constitutes a functional interface between the nuclear

72

envelope (NE) and the peripheral chromatin, and it

provides structural support to the nucleus. The major
molecular constitutents of the NL are the nuclear
lamins (Lams) which, based on their amino acid
sequence, have been classified as type V intermediate
filament (IF) proteins. Lams are involved in most
nuclear activities and are essential for retaining the
mechano-elastic properties of the nucleus. Mutations
in human lamins cause laminopathies, rare diseases
ranging from muscular dystrophies to lipodystrophies
and pre-mature aging. By employing cryo-electron
tomography (cry-ET) of unstained ice-embedded
samples, we present for the first time the 3-dimensional
(3D) supramolecular organization of Lam 10-nm
wide filaments and paracrystalline fibers. More
specifically, we document that the Caenorhabditis
elegans (Ce) single nuclear lamin forms IF-like
filaments that are distinct from their cytoplasmic
counterpart, for example, vimentin IFs (see below).
Ce Lam filaments are composed of 3 or 4 tetrameric
protofilaments, each of which containing two approximately half-staggered anti-parallel head-to-tail polymers
of Lam dimers. The beaded appearance of the IF-like
Lam filaments stems from dimerized globular tail
domains, which are regularlyaxially spaced, alternating
between 21 and 27 nm. In contrast, cryo-ET of
vimentin IFs has revealed ~10-nm wide filaments
comprised predominantly of four octameric protofibrils with a right-handed, ~96-nm-pitch helical
supertwist [cf. Goldie et al. (2007) J. Struct. Biol.158:
378-85]. Ce Lam can also be in vitro assembled into
paracrystalline fibers assuming a 3D structure
resembling that of the beaded IF-like filaments.
Based on our structural analysis, we propose an
assembly pathway that yields the observed IF-like Ce
Lam filaments and para- crystalline fibers. These
results serve as a platform towards a more rational
understanding of the effect of laminopathic mutations
on lamin assembly and 3D supramolecular organization.
L01-07

16:45-17:00
A New Protein Labeling Technique Using Genetically Encoded Metallothionein Tag for Electron
Microscopy: Y. Nishino1,2,3, T. Yasunaga2,3 and A.
Miyazawa1,3; 1Bio-multisome Research Team,
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1
Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, 2Department
of Bioscience and Bioinfomatics, Kyushu Institute of
Technology, 680-4, Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka,
820-8502, Japan, 3CREST, JST, Japan
The detection of proteins by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) frequently relies on negative
staining and/or immuno-gold labeling, but these
techniques are limited. We developed a genetically
encoded tag consisting of 3 repeats of metalothionein (3MT) and fused it with 14-mer protein

GroEL (GroEL-14(3MT)). Cd2+-bound GroEL-14(3MT)

was detected by TEM in the absence of negative
staining on a carbon grid, and the particle densities of
GroEL-14(3MT) were much greater than those of
untagged GroEL in vitreous ice. Our data indicate
that the 3MT tag provides a promising TEM method
of allowing the detection of proteins.
L01-08
17:00-17:15
DNA Nanostructures Visualized by Cryo-EM:
Takayuki Kato, Russell P. Goodman, Christoph M.
Erben, Andrew J. Turberfield and Keiichi Namba;
Graduate School Frontier Biosciences, Osaka
University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan, Department of Physics, University of Oxford,
Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
We present a 3D image reconstruction by electron
cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) of a 7 nm tetrahedron
self-assembled from four strands of DNA. This is the
smallest 3D nanostructure made by DNA selfassembly and the smallest molecule (78 kDa) for
which 3D image reconstruction has been carried out
to date by cryoEM. We have achieved 12
resolution, sufficient to resolve the structure of the
DNA helix and to discriminate between two
structurally similar diastereomers, demonstrating that
cryoEM is an indispensable tool for the characterization
of 3D nanostructures designed to be self-assembled
from biomolecular components.
L01-09

Organized by T. Nagata
Room 302

09:20 ~ 11:50

Chair: Sung Sik Han

09:20-09:50 Invited
Applications of High Voltage Electron Microscopy
to Thicker Biological Specimens: T. Nagata; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621
and Department of Anatomy, Shinshu Institute of
Alternative Medicine, Nagano 380-0861, Japan
The applications of high voltage electron
microscopy (HVEM) to biological specimens merit 3
features; 1) higher resolutions observing ultrastructuresin
ultrathin sections, 2) higher penetration of electron
beams into specimens that results in possibilities of
observing thicker specimens revealing 3-D structures
and 3) decrease of diffractions that results in higher
P/B ratios of compositional elements in thicker
specimens by X-ray microanalysis. We have applied

ORAL THURSDAY

L-03) High Voltage and Analytical Electron

Microscopy in Life Sciences

the latter 2 merits to observe 3-D and 4-D

ultrastructures of whole mount cultured cells as well
as to qualify and quantify respective elements of
chemical components in thicker specimens. In order
to observe thicker biological specimens, we used
whole mount cultured cells seeded and grown on grid
meshes in culture vessels or thick sections cut from
embedded tissues. As cultured cells, we used both
primary cultures from animal tissues such as rat
hepatocytes and established cell lines such as
CHO-K1 or HeLa cells. The cells were cultured in
Eagles MEM incubated in a CO2 incubator at 37C.
Some of the cells were cultured under experimental
conditions in the medium containing peroxisome
proliferating agents, clofibrate or bezafibrate, or
RI-labeled precursors 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine,
3H-leucine, 14C-bezafibrate, or HRP to induce
pinocytosis. All the cells were prefixed in buffered
2.5% glutaraldehyde, stained with various histochemical
reactions, G-6-Pase, TPPase, cytochrome oxidase,
AcPase, DAB, ZIO, PATCH-SP, radioautography,
postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. They were dried
in a critical point drier, observed with JEOL
JEM-4000EX or Hitachi H-1250M at 400-1000 kV,
by tilting them and taking stereo-pair pictures which
were observed with stereoscopes. The ultrastructure
of these cell organelles could be stereoscopically
observed 3-dimensionally as well as 4-dimensionally
with stereo-pair pictures after labeling cell organelles
with tracers. On the other hand, we have developed
X-ray microanalysis in combination with HVEM at
200-400 KV and applied them to various kinds of
compounds in biological materials. We first
quantified then reaction products such as Ag in
radioautographs, Ce in acid phosphatase and Au in
immunostaining. Then, we analyzed various trace
elements such as Zn, Ca, S, Cl, K and P which
originally existed in cytoplasmic matrix or cell
organelles of various cells using both conventional
chemical fixation and cryo-fixation followed by
cryo-sectioning and freeze-drying, or freeze-substitution
or freeze-drying and dry-sectioning. We also analyzed
the elements absorbed into cells such as Al. As the
results, the P/B ratios of all the endogenous elements
such as Zn, S, Cl, K and P and exogenous elements
such as Al, or end products containing Ag, Ce, Au,
increased with the increase of the accelerating
voltages from 100 to 400KV. ApLying these procedures,
we could quantify various endogenousand exogenous
elements. It is concluded that HVEM was very useful
in observing thicker sections and clarifying the
ultrastructures of cell organelles 3-dimensionally and
4-dimensionally, as well as resulting in higher P/B
ratios for qualifying and quantifying various trace
elements in biological specimens.
L03-01
09:50-10:10
Ultrastructural Change of Mitochondria in Mito-

73

ORAL THURSDAY

chondrial Respiratory Chain Disease: Electron

Tomographic and Ultrastructural Analysis: Ji
Young Mun1, Min Kyo Jung1, Young Mok Lee2 and
Sung Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences and
Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea,
2
Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital,
Handicapped Childrens Research Institute, Brain
Research Institute, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
The primary function of mitochondria is to
generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, the
major source of cellular energy. In addition to being
the site of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation,
mitochondria are also involved in several other
important functions such as lipid, amino acid
biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation. In human, defects
in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) are
responsible for or associated with a bewildering
variety of diseases. We observed the defect of
mitochondrial respiratory chain in muscle development
retardation patient. We used transmission electron
microscopy to directly visualize the morphological
change of mitochondria in respiratory chain disease.
We analyzed volume of mitochondria and structural
change of innermembrane and cristae in respiratory
chain disease through image J program and electron
tomography method. In addition, the structural
relationship between intramyocellular lipid as
substrate of mitochondria and mitochondria was
analyzed in normal and in respiratory chain complex
disease through 3-dimensional structure reconstruction.
L03-02
10:10-10:30
Structure Analysis of Organelles Related to Beating
Flagella in Trichomonas vaginalis: Kyung Eun Lee1,
Ji Hui Kim1, Min Kyo Jung1, Jae-Sook Ryu2 and Sung
Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,
Korea University, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University,
Seoul, Korea
The flagellated protozoan T. vaginalis move with
their flagella in order to be parasitized in urogenital
tract of humans. During movement their flagella
were presented by cilia beating pattern. The cellular
components of T. vaginalis form a complicated 3D
structure. We reconstructed the 3-dimensional structure
of T. vaginalis from serial sections in order to
observe the spatial structure of the whole cell and
electron tomography to examine the detailed structure of
the cellular organelles. The 3D reconstructed
structure showed the detail mastigont structure,
parabasal filament, and Golgi complex in the T.
vaginalis.
L03-03
10:30-10:50
Deconvolution of the Morphologic Abnormality of

74

Epidermal Lamina Densa, a Characteristic

Structure of Basement Membrane: T. Hata, M.
Yamashita and T. Masunaga; Fundamental Research
Laboratories, KOS Corporation, 1-18-4, Azusawa,
Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-0051, Japan
The epidermal basement membrane (BM) plays
important roles for maintaining healthy skin by
serving scaffolds for the epidermis and regulating its
functions. Recently, we discovered frequent duplications
of Lamina densa (LD), which is a sheet-like structure
that was identified in BM, in non-exposed elderly
skin. In this study, we focused on these abnormal
ultrastructures of LD to clarify the precise morphology in
vivo using ultrahigh-voltage electron microscopy
(2MV), followed by reconstructing 3-D image with
tomography technique. As a result, the duplications
were identified bag-like structure and these methods
were indicated one of the useful tools for investigate
various cutaneous functions.
L03-04

10:50-11:00 Coffee break

Chair: T. Nagata
11:00-11:20
The Morphological Changes in Pancreatic Islet
during in Vitro Culture: Kyung Eun Lee1, Jong
Yeon Lim1,2, Se Jin Park1 and Sun Sik Han1; 1School
of Life Sciences and Biotechonolgy, Korea
University, Seoul, Korea, 2KITI, Seoul, Korea
Pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and
endocrine system of vertebrates. The islet of Langerhans
is the endocrine part of pancreas and produces
several important hormones, including insulin,
glucagons and somatostatin. The pancreas is central
in the pathophysiology of both major types of
diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is
direct damage to the endocrine pancreas that results
in insufficient insulin synthesis and secretion. Type 2
diabetes mellitus, which begins with insulin resistance, is
characterized by the ultimate failure of pancreatic
cells to match insulin production with insulin demand.
Pancreatic islet is cultivated for transplantation to
diabetes patients. In this study we investigated the
morphological changes of pancreatic islet by means
of 3D reconstruction during in vitro culture with
various drugs such as nicotinamide and GLP-1.
L03-05
11:20-11:50 Invited
Elemental Analysis of Aluminum Accumulation
by High Voltage TEM and HAADF-STEM with
EDX: Kametani Kiyokazu1 and Tetsuji Nagata2;
1
Department of Instrumental Analysis, Research

Center for Human Environmental Sciences, Shinshu

University, and General Research Laboratory,
Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan, 2Shinshu
University and Shinshu Institute of Alternative Medicine,
Japan
It is well known that aluminum (Al) influenced the
living body of animals under the conventional conditions.
Recently, it is demonstrated that acid rain washes
away Al ions from the soil on the surface of the earth.
The Al ions washed away from the soil flowed in
lakes and Al was accumulated in plants and fishes
with high concentration. Finally, it is concerned that
human beings took the Al which accumulated in
plants and fishes. We already reported the localization of
Al in the tissues of several organs of experimental
animals demonstrated by means of high accelerating
voltage transmission electron microscope (TEM)
equipped with EDX (HVTEM-EDX) using thicker
sections. Because there was no high electron dense
body which included Al in the brain tissue of mice as
observed by HVTEM, we could not confirm Al
accumulation in the brain tissue. For the weak
contrast of Al in the tissues, we tried to use the dark
field image mode (DF) with a high angle annular
dark-field (HAADF) TEM. With the HAADF TEM
we can observe the strength of dispersion electrons
provided from specimens as DF images by scanning
the electron beams. The weak contrast structures
observed by BF mode can be recognized easily by
DF mode, because of emphasizing the contrast with
the elements included.
L03-06

Organized by K.Y. Kwon

Room 302

14:00 ~ 15:50

Chair: Je Geun Chi and Moon Hyang Park

14:00-14:30 Invited
Electron Microscopic Application in Diagnosis of
the Respiratory Diseases: K. Y. Kwon1, Y. H. Kim2,
S. J. Choi1, J. Y. Park1, H. R. Jung1, S. Y. Kwon1, M.
S. Choi1, Y. N. Kang1, S. P. Kim1 and S. S. Lee1;
1
Department of Pathology, Keimyung University
School of Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, 194
Dongsan-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea, 2Central
Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Keimyung
University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan-dong,
Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea
Recently immunohistochemistry and molecular
techniques are applied actively, but light microscopic
examination play a central role in the pathologic

14:30-14:50
Ultrastructural Differential Diagnosis of Small
Round Cell Turmors: M. Joo1, S.H. Park2 and J.G.
Chi2; 1Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan
Paik Hospital, 2240 daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu,
Goyang-si 411-706, Korea, 2Department of Pathology,
Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongeondong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Small round cell tumor is a heterogeneous group
of malignant neoplasm, which tends to occur in
childhood. These tumors have a similar histologic
appearance, which are composed of uniform
undifferentiated small round cells. In the majority of
cases, ancillary studies, such as immunohistochemistry,
electron microscopy (EM) and cytogenetic or
molecular analysis are necessary to diagnose them. In
terms of convenience, immunohistochemistry becomes
an everyday routine method. EM is an established
technique and doesn't need complicated quality
control. Ultrastructural finding is easy to understand
to the pathologists who are familiar with the
morphology. EM can be critically important when
the results of immunostaining are inconclusive, or
when there is immunophenotypic overlapping and a
genetic service is unavailable. While EM is not a
dominant diagnostic tool compared to the past, EM
continues to have a decisive role in the differential
diagnosis of small round cell tumors and can provide
a higher level diagnostic confidence to the
pathologists.
L13-02

ORAL THURSDAY

L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron

Microscopy in Medicine

diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Because electron

microscope has incomparable high resolution than
light microsocpe, electron microscopic examination
is still utilized very usefully in some respiratory
diseases that the results of immunohistochemistry
and molecular study are equivocal, and the
differential diagnosis on H&E is difficult. We can get
definite ultrastructural findings in detection of
infective organisms, diagnoses of neoplastic and
non-neoplastic diseases through electron microscopic
examination. In this topic, we review the electron
microscopic findings of diagnostic ultrastructural findings
of some selected cases of infectious microorganisms,
non-neoplastic and neoplastic respiratory diseases.
L13-01

14:50-15:10
The Diagnostic Usefulness of Ultrastructural
Findings in the Glomerulopathy: J. Joo; Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine Eulji University
Eulji Hospital, 280-1 Hagye-dong Nowon-ku, Seoul,
139-711 Korea
To get an exact diagnosis for glomerulopathy, the
morphological finding, clinical history and the
laboratory evaluation are integrated, and the
exceptions and variations are considered to reach the

75

ORAL THURSDAY

final diagnosis. Among the morphological examination

including light microscope, fluorescence microscope
and electron microscope, the ultrastructural findings
contribute to the diagnosis of the glomerulopathy by
enhancing histologic and immunofluorescent microscopic findings and by defining certain clinicopathologic entities. The presence and or location of
electrondense deposits are helpful to categorize the
immune complex associated glomeru- lonephritis and
the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane
can give some suggestions about diabetes mellitus,
thin basement membrane disease, or Alports
syndrome. Moreover, there are some of peculiar
ultrastructural elements in glomerulus to confirm
several diseases such as immunotactoid glomerulopathy, amyloidosis, Fabrys disease, etc. But there
are still limitations to classify the glomerular disease
based on the electron microscopic findings. L13-03

neuroendocrine tumors in the following ways: (1) the

identification of neurosecretory-type granules in typical
neuroendocrine tumors that do not react to
histochemical or immune- histochemical stainings, (2)
the diagnosis of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine
tumors including primary or metastatic neuroendocrine
carcinomas throughout the body, (3) the recognition
of neurosecretory-type granules with distinctive
features that is diagnostic for specific cell types, (4) the
identification of amphicrine cells or tumors that
synchronously disLaying exocrine and endocrine
differentiation, (5) the application of uranaffin reaction
for characterization of neurosecretory- type granules,
and (6) the use of immunoelectron microscopy for
determining a specific amine or polypeptide
hormone-containing secretory granules.
L13-05

15:10-15:30
Ultrastructural Differential Diagnosis of Brain
Tumors: Sung-Hye Park, Bomi Kim and Jae Kyung
Myung; Department of Pathology, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Some brain tumors have similar or overlapping
light microscopic features, such as clear cell histology,
which was known to be a hallmark of oligodendroglioma, however, also characterizes clear cell
ependymoma, and central neurocytoma. Although
various immunohistochemical studies may support
the diagnosis of brain tumors, still there are no
enough markers for the differential diagnosis of brain
tumors. Until now, several oligodendroglial markers,
such as O1, O2, Galc, myelin basic protein, etc, are
used for detecting oliodendroglia, however, any of
them are considered as a concrete marker for
oligodendroglial tumor. It is well known that various
glioneuronal markers can be expressed focally in
various brain tumors, therefore, immunohistochmiestry
is of limited value. Utrastructural examination is
valuable supplementary tool to make a diagnosis,
even though utrastructural features are not routinely
used in classifying the brain tumors. Here, the
ultrastructural characteristics and differential points
of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, neuronal,
glioneuronal tumors and other brain tumors will be
presented.
L13-04

15:50-16:00 Coffee break

15:30-15:50
Diagnostic Electron Microscopic Approach in
Neuroendocrine Tumors: Y.K. Kang; Department
of Pathology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital
Neurosecretory and endosecretory (i.e., neurosecretorytype) granules are diagnostic organelles
found in a wide variety of neuroendocrine tumors.
Electron microscopy is one of the most helpful
methodologies in evaluation and diagnosis of

76

L-07) Recent Progress of Funtional

Morphology of the Kidney
Organized by Jin Kim and Kuniaki Takata
Room 302
16:00 ~ 18:15

Chairs: Jin Kim and Kuniaki Takata

16:00-16:30 Invited
Intracellular Localization and Trafficking of
Water Channel Aquaporin 2 (AQP2): K. Takat;
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma
University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi
3-39-22, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
Water transfer across the plasma membrane is
carried out via membrane protein aquaporin (AQP).
The kidney Lays a central role in the water balance in
the body by changing the concentration of the
glomerular filtrate through water reabsorption.
Among AQPs expressed in the kidney, AQP2 is
critical in the concentration of the urine since the
mutation of AQP2 results in diabetes insipidus,
inability to concentrate urine. To elucidate the
mechanism of AQP2 trafficking, we characterized
the intracellular AQP2-bearing vesicles and their
trafficking in MDCK cells transfected with human
AQP2.
L07-01

16:30-16:45
The Effect of Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
on the Outer Medullary Tubules: Su-Youn Lee,

Jung-Mi Han and Ki-Hwan Han; Department of

Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
It is well known that renal ischemic injury induces
tubular damages in the S3 segment of the proximal
tubule which is located in the outer medulla. In the
renal outer medulla, the thick ascending limb and
collecting duct are also located. The purpose of this
study was to examine whether the ischemic injury
affect the same degrees of damage in all tubular
profiles in the outer medulla. Renal ischemiareperfusion injury was induced by clamping both
renal pedicles for 30 min and animal were sacrificed
at 6hr after the reperfusion. Aquaporin 1, bumetabindesensitive Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter, H+_ATPase, and
aquaporin 2 antibodies were used to identify
proximal tubule cells, thick ascending limb cells, and
collecting duct intercalated cells, and collecting duct
principal cells, respectively. In the kidney with
ischemia- reperfusion injury, collecting duct cells as
well as proximal tubule cells were detached from
basement membrane and were extruded into tubule
lumen. Interestingly, immunoreactivity for caspase-3
was observed in the proximal tubule, but not in
collecting duct intercalated cells. There were no
detectable damages in thick ascending limb cells.
These results show that the effect of renal
ischemia-reperfusion injury is different in the outer
medullary tubules and suggest that various
mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of
ischemic renal diseases.
L07-02

17:00-17:30 Invited
Dysregulation of Renal Aquaporin-2 in Nephrogenic
Diabetes Insipidus: Tae-Hwan Kwon; Department
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of
Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
700-422, Korea
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated
water channel in the collecting duct, plays a key role
in the regulation of body water balance. Recently,
collecting duct-specific AQP2 knock-out mice have
been generated, confirming an essential role of AQP2
in the urinary concentration. Moreover, proteomic
analyses and in vitro phage disLay technique
identified proteins in the AQP2-expressing intracellular
vesicles and high-affinity peptide ligands to the
AQP2-expressing membranes. Importantly, dysregulation of AQP2 is critically involved in a number
of water balance disorders. Continued analysis of the
AQP2 is providing detailed molecular insight into the
fundamental physiology and pathophysiology of water
balance and water balance disorders.
L07-04
17:30-17:45
The Value of Electron Microscopy in the Diagnosis of
Renal Diseases with Specific Arranged Deposits:
Su-Xia Wang1, You-Kang Zhang2 and Wan-Zhong
Zou1; 1Department of Electron Microscopy, Peking
University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China,
2
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine,
Peking University First Hospital; Institute of
Nephrology, Peking University
Electron microscopy (EM) provides useful
diagnostic information in nearly half of renal
biopsies, including renal diseases with specific
arranged deposits such as amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia,
etc, Various forms of specific arranged deposits
including microfibrils, microtubules, spheres and
crystals were identified by EM. 12332 cases of
renal biopsies from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2006 collected
in our hospital were examined by EM, 203 cases
(1.65%) with specific arranged deposits were identified. EM was crucial for the diagnosis of fibrillary
and immunotactoid glomerulopathy and dense deposit disease, provided important information for the
majority of renal diseases with specific arranged
deposits.
L07-05

ORAL THURSDAY

16:45-17:00
Immunolocalization of Phospho-Arg-directed Protein
Kinase Substrates in Mouse Kidneys under
Normal Circulation and Hypoxia Revealed with
In Vivo Cryotechnique: S. Saitoh, N. Terada, N.
Ohno and S. Ohno; Department of Anatomy and
Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Medicine and Engineering, University of
Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
Conventional preparation methods for light
microscopy have some limitation to analyze the
immune- olocalization of biological molecules in
cells and tissues. By in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT),
it is possible to perform both morphological and
immunohistochemical analyses at higher timeresolution, reflecting living states, because all
molecules in cells and tissues are immediately
crofixed in ice crystals. Normal and hypoxic mouse
kidneys prepared with IVCT were immuneohistochemically analyzed with antibodies against
phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA/C substrates (P-PK-S) and
phospho- (Ser/Thr) Akt substrates (P-Akt-S). Our
findings suggest that IVCT would be usuful for
precise analyses of P-PK-S and P-Akt-S immuneodistributions in living mouse kidneys. Key words; in
vivo cryotechnique, kidney, immunohistochemistry,

anti-phospho- specific antibodies, high time-resolution.

L07-03

17:45-18:00
Albumn Handling along the Nephron: Mechanism of
Proteinuria: Akihiro Tojo, Satoshi Kinugasa,
Maristela Lika Onozato, Hiroki Miyazaki, Kensuke
Asaba and Toshiro Fujita; Division of Nephrology
and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo

77

Albumin is filtrated through the glomeruli at a rate

of about 0.062% of the plasma albumin concentration,
which means that about 3g of albumin is filtrated
daily in normal humans. However, the proximal
tubules reabsorb 63% of albumin in the early portion
and 29% in the late potion and 3% of filtrated
albumin is excreted in the final urine (<100 mg/day
in humans). The most important barrier of glomerular
albumin filtration is still controversial between slit
diaphragm and glomerular basement membrane. We
investigated glomerular albumin filtration pathway
using gold-labeled albumin or FITC-labeled albumin
in puromycin-induced nephritic rat. Only a few
gold-labeled albumin passed through the reduced
number of slit membranes, however, FITC-labeled
albumin have been shown in the podocyte cell body
and in the paramesangium. This can be new
pathways of glomerular albumin filtration through
podocyte cell body and through mesangium. Tubular
function of albumin reabsorption is also important
mechanism of proteinuria. It is also noteworthy that
tubular expression of megalin was reduced in the
proximal tubule, and FITC-labeled albumin observed
by immunogold electron microscopy was reduced in
the lysosomes of proximal tubules compared with
those in control. Angiotensin II receptor blockade
reversed megalin expression and albumin reabsorption.
Microalbuminuria in the early stage of diabetes may
occur by reduced tubular reabsorption of albumin
before glomerular albumin filtration increases. It is
important to clarify the mechanism of proteinuria to
consider the strategy to cure glomerular diseases.
L07-06

ORAL FRIDAY
78

18:00-18:15
Expression of Lymphatic Endothelium-specific
Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1 in the Developing
Mouse Kidney: Hyun-Wook Lee1, Yan-Xia Qin2,
Eun-Young Park1, Jin-Sun Hwang, 1Guan-Hua Huo2,
Chul-Woo Yang3, Wan-Young Kim1, Kirsten M.
Madsen4 and Jin Kim1; 1Department of Anatomy and
3
Internal Medicine, MRC for Cell Death Disease
Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic
University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu,
Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Histology and
Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China,
4
Department of Medicine, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida, USA
Lymphatic vessels play an important physiological
role in homeostasis, metabolism and in the immune
response to pathogens. Our knowledge of the
embryonic development of the lymphatic vessels
within the kidney is limited. The aim of this study
was to examine the time of expression and the
distribution of intrarenal lymphatic vessels in the
developing mouse kidney using the lymphatic marker
LYVE-1, the lymphatic receptor for the extracellular
matrix mucopolysaccharide hyaluronan. Kidneys

from embryonic day 13 (E13) to E18, from neonates

at pup day 1 (P1) to P21 and adults were studied. Our
results suggest that lymphatic vessels of the kidney
originate by extension of extrarenal lymphatics and
by budding from arcuate veins through an active
branching process associated with F4/80+/CD11b/
LYVE-1+ macrophages/dendritic cells.
L07-07

November 07, 2008

FRIDAY
I-04) Electron Crystallography and Image /
Spectrum Processing
Organized by Ji-Jung Kai, Xiu-Liang Ma and Se Ahn
Song
Room 402
09:00 ~ 12:00
Chair: Ji-Jung Kai
09:00-09:30 Invited
Electron Crystallography, Quantitative Electron
Diffraction and Charge Density Measurement of
Functional Materials: Yimei Zhu, Lijun Wu and
Jincheng Zheng; Department of Condensed Matter
Physics and Materials Science, USA
Todays challenge in condensed matter physics
and materials science as well as in crystallography is
not the ability to determine atomic positions of
materials, but the ability to measure the valence
electron distribution that control the materials bonding
characteristics and physical properties. In fact, charge
density measurement is the core component in x-ray
crystallography research although it is not a trivial
task. Facing the challenge we developed quantitative
electron diffraction technique, PArallel Recording Of
Dark-field Images (PARODI) [1].
I04-01
09:30-10:00 Invited
Study of Incommensurate Modulated Structures
by HRTEM in Combination with Electron
Crystallographic Image Processing: F.H. Li, X.M.
Li and B.H. Ge; Beijing National Laboratory for
Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
The principle, method and applications for
determining the IMS by Electron crystallographic
image processing (ECIP) are briefly introduced. The
high-dimensional (HD) description of IMS proposed
by De Wolff is utilized to treat the IMS as the
hypersection of a HD periodic structure. Examples
are given for oxides having different physical properties
to show that the displacive and compositional (or
occupational) modulation of metallic atoms of IMS

can be seen clearly in the projected structure maps

obtained by image deconvolution, while atoms of
oxygen seen only after the phase extension. I04-02

seems to be more applicable for high-resolution wave

field reconstruction when a condition of low electron
dose is required because, in general, specimen drift
cannot be avoided.
I04-05

Chair: Xiu-Liang Ma
10:00-10:30 Invited
Resolving Special Problems by Image/Spectrum
Processing Technique Using Electron Energy Loss
Spectroscopy: Ji-Jung Kai, K. F. Chen, Z. H. Zeng,
C. H. Chen and Fu-Rong Chen; Center for Electron
Microscopy, Department of Engineering and System
Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan
In fusion reactor environment, helium may be
produced in the first wall exposed to intense neutron
fields of 14.1 MeV by D-T fusion reaction and by
transmutation reactions [1]. Helium is virtually insoluble in materials and is easily captured by vacancy
clusters to enhance helium bubble formation [2],
which in turn will cause significant void swelling and
degrade the mechanical properties of the first wall
structures materials (Fig. 1). The measurement of
helium has been developed to estimate the densities of
helium atoms in the bubbles by EELS [3].
I04-03
10:30-11:00 Invited
Electron Diffraction Studies of Amorphous Materials
Using RDF, RMC and DFT Refinement: K. Borisenko1,
Y. Chen1, G. Li1, D.J.H. Cockayne1 and S.A. Song2;
1
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, UK,
2
AE Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,
Korea
The technique of electron RDF analysis combined
with Reverse Monte Carlo and DFT model refinement
has been used to obtain structural models of a
number of amorphous materials at the nanoscale.
I04-04

11:00-11:15
Wave Field Reconstruction under Critical Low
Electron Dose Conditions: Comparison of SWFM
and 3D-FFM: Y. Takai, T. Nomaguchi and Y. Kimura;
Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
The Schiskes Wiener filtering method (SWFM)
and the three-dimensional Fourier filtering method
(3D-FFM) are compared with an aim to perform
high-resolution wave field reconstruction under limited
electron dose conditions. The 3D-FFM provides
higher resolution even when relatively large specimen
drift is included in the through-focus images. In
contrast, high resolution information tends to be lost
in SWFM when the drift is large, although a higher
SNR can be achieved. Consequently, the 3D-FFM

11:30-12:00 Invited
Mismatch Dislocations and Their Configuration
in the Perovskite Thin Films: Y. L. Zhu, M. J. Zhuo,
and X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory for
Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, China
It is known that heteroepitaxial films usually have
lattice mismatch with the substrates and are therefore
subject to misfit strain during growth. Such a lattice
mismatch, if sufficiently small, can be stored elastically
within the film by establishing a coherent interface
till a critical thickness is reached. If the film
thickness exceeds the critical value, the introduction
of misfit dislocations will be energetically preferred
over the continuation of misfit strain. We have studied
various perovskite-based heteroepitaxial systems and
found that the configuration of mismatch dislocations
depends not only on lattice mismatch between film/
substrate but also the inclination of the substrate. The
formation mechanismof these configurations is proposed.
I04-07

ORAL FRIDAY

Chair: Yimei Zhu

11:15-11:30
Advantages of Structure Analysis of Nano-crystalline
Materials by EF-PED: Jin-Gyu Kim, Kihyun Kwon,
Seongje Park, Jaesung Lee and Youn-Joong Kim;
Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Korea
We have carried out the structure analysis of Si
single crystal in order to test the performance of our
electron precession system. Diffraction patterns of Si
[110] were obtained by SAED, PED, and EF-PED
method. We could obtain the best results from PED
and EF-PED data and the final R-value, R(F) =
37.64%. Diffraction resolution and peak shapes from
EF-PED data were more extended and sharper than
PED data. We expect EF-PED method is more useful
for determination of crystal structures and accurate
cell parameters of complex structures such as
organics, polymers, proteins whose inelastic scattering intensities are highly distributed.
I04-06

I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy

Organized by Pyuck-Pa Choi and Simon Ringer
Room 401
09:00 ~ 11:45

79

Chair: Pyuck-Pa Choi

9:00-9:30 Invited
Using Atom Probe to Explore Structure & Chemistry
in Both Amorphous and Crystalline Materials:
New Approaches to Data Analysis:
S.P. Ringer;
Australian Key Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Australia
The modern atom probe is capable of capturing the
spatial position and identity of hundreds of millions
of atoms in a specimen material. This presents significant
opportunities for computational data mining approaches
that extract quantitative information that can be used
in structure-activity relationships that describe the
behaviour and performance of the materials. At the
Australian Key Centre for Microscopy& Microanalysis,
we have a major interest in atomic clustering and
exploring how clusters can affect nucleation pathways
and materials properties. In this presentation, new
methods analysis will be described that are unlocking
structure and chemical perturbations in materials that
are not possible to observe through other techniques.
I12-01

ORAL FRIDAY
80

9:30-9:45
New Approaches to the Reconstruction in Atom
Probe Tomography Data and Applications to
Organic Materials Analysis: B. Gault, W. Yang, R.
Zheng, F. Braet and S.P. Ringer; Australian Key
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The
University of Sydney, Australia
Recent progress have been made in the determination
of the parameters used to reconstruct Atom Probe
Tomography data, enabling an improvementin the
quality of the reconstruction. These new methodologies
will be presented, and preliminary results towards
their application to the reconstruction of a SelfAssembled Monolayer of a decanethiol developed on
the surface of a pure Ni tip will be shown and
discussed.
I12-02
9:45-10:15 Invited
3D Atom Probe and SIMS as Complementary
Techniques for the Observation and Quantitative
Measurement of Microstructures: L. Renaud1, I.
Martin1, F. Hillion1, F. Horreard1, Y.S. Yang2, S.J.
Kang1 and C.G. Park2; 1CAMECA 29 Quai des
Grsillons, France, 2NCNT, Pohang University of
Science & Technology, Korea
As an illustration of the complementarities of the
two approaches at different scales, the analysis of the
segregation and clustering of interstitial boron
contained in HSLA steels will be presented. The
CAMECA NanoSIMS was used to detect a few tenth
ppm level of boron enrichment at austenite grain
interior or at grain boundary in micrometer scale.
The area of interest is then marked and analyzed by

using 3D Atom Probe. The results clearly provide 3D

mapping and quantitative composition of solute
boron either located in grain interior or segregated
along grain boundary, in atomic scale.
I12-03

10:15-10:30 Coffee break

Chair: Simon Ringer

10:30-11:00 Invited
Atomic-Scale Tomography of Materials: Thomas F.
Kelly1, Edgar Voelkl2 and Jesse D. Olson1; 1Imago
Scientific Instruments Corporation, USA, 2FEI
Company, USA
Atom-probe tomography (APT) provides threedimensional structural and compositional analysis of
materials at the atomic scale. It recent years, it has
been applied to materials characterization challenges
in the metals, data storage, and semiconductor
industries. Specimen preparation advances have
made it routine now to extract and analyze specimens
from bulk materials including advanced alloys,
device wafers and even finished components. Major
developments in LEAP (local electrode atom probe)
technology by Imago Scientific Instruments have led
to greater facility for running specimens and greater
detail in quantitative analysis. These data are
revealing important new information about processing
effects and correlations with properties. In this talk,
examples will be given of how this capability is
having impact on a wide variety of materials including
metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and even synthetic
organics and polymers.
I12-04
11:00-11:15
3D Atom Probe Techniques for the Atomic Scale
Investigation on the State of Boron in Steels: J. B.
Seol1, J. S. Kang1, Y. S. Yang1 and C. G. Park2; 1Dept.
of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ.
of Sci. & Tech. (POSTECH), Korea, 2National
Center for Nanomaterials Technology, POSTECH,
Korea
It has been known to enhance the hardenability of
any structural materials by the addition of a small
amount of B due to the segregation of solute boron at
austenite grain boundary. Therefore, the exact behavior
and position of boron in steels can be investigated by
the APT techniques in the sub-nanometer scale. The
results obtained by 3D-APT revealed that the solute
boron atoms were segregated at the carbon enriched
region, which was TiC precipitate. It was also
showed that the B atoms were segregated to a
retained austenite rather than a ferrite phase. I12-05

11:15-11:45 Invited
Recent Achievements in the Analysis of Nanostructured Materials by Atom Probe Tomography
(APT): Tala'at Al-Kassab; Institut fr Materialphysik
der Universitt Gttingen, Germany
Nano-materials are gaining nowadays a considerable interest for various applications. They can be
used as functional parts for new magnetic and/or
electronic devices as well as coating layers to protect the
surface of specific materials against corrosion and as
powders consisting of micron sized particles provid
ing a feed stock for industrial large scale production.
The macroscopic physical properties of such
designed nano-structured materials are largely
controlled by their numerous internal interfaces and
are closely related to the stability of their internal
interfaces. Hence, the investigation of the chemical
reactions at these interfaces is of a great importance to
understand and optimize their properties for
prospective future applications. This review summaries some of our recent research results to explore the
nano-structured materials utilizing the method of
Atom Probe Tomography.
I12-06

M-09) Radiation Effects

Organized by Sang-Chul Kwon and Somei Ohnuki
Room 303
09:20 ~ 12:05

Chair: S. Ohnuki

Chair: S.C. Kwon

09:50-10:20 Invited
Modification of TiO2 Photocatalyst by Electron
Beam Irradiation and Ion Implantation: A.D. Liu1,
X.G. Hou2, B. Liao1 and L.Z. Qin3; 1Key Laboratory
of Radiation Beams and Material Modification,
Ministry of Education of China, College of Nuclear
Sciences and Technology, Beijing Normal University,
Beijing Radiation Center, China, 2College of Physics
and Electronics, Tianjin Normal University, China,
3
Department of Physics, Zunyi Normal College,
China
M09-02
10:20-10:35
Electron Irradiation and Thermal-Induced Phase
Transformation in a Si-Sb-Te Alloy: Xiaodong
Han1, Yan Cheng1, Xiaofang Huang1, Ze Zhang1,
Ting Zhang2, Bo Liu2, Zhitang Song2 and Songlin
Feng2; 1Institute of Microstructure and Property of
Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology,
China, 2Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Shanghai
Institute of Micro-System and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Si-Sb-Te alloys are new type of phase change
memory (PCM) materials with well-defined electrical
properties. The thermal and electron irradiation can
induce a phase transformation from the amorphous
matrix. Here, we report the thermal-induced (TI) and
electron beam irradiation induced (EBII) phase
transformations in Si-Sb-Te alloy amorphous thin
films which were investigated as a function of time
by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Very distinctive phase transformation features were
revealed for the TI and EBII phase transformations.
A phase separation phenomenon was revealed for the
electron beam irradiation induced phase transition in
which the Te-rich phase and Si-rich phase were
separated from the amorphous matrix. On the
contrary, by a single heating thermal process, a
simple crystallization occurred from the as-deposited
amorphous matrix. We demonstrated that the electron
irradiation can build a charge filed at the surface of
the specimen and therefore trap ions to move along
opposite directions. The phase separation process
induced by electron beam irradiation was found to be
a function of accelerating voltage and the fluence of
the irradiation.
M09-03

ORAL FRIDAY

09:20-09:50 Invited
Fabrication of Platinum and Iron Oxid Nanostructures Using Electron Beam Induced Techniques:
K. Furuya1, M. Shimojo1,2, M. Takeguchi1, K.
Mitsuishi1, M. Tanaka1 and M. Song1; 1High Voltage
Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for
Materials Science, Japan, 2Advanced Science Research
Laboratory,Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan
Electron beam induced deposition (EBID) is a
promising technique for fabricating nanometre-sized
structures in a position-controlled manner. In this
technique, organometallic precursors are decomposed by
focused electron beams. Then, the non-volatile part
of the decomposed precursor deposits on the substrate.
As electron beams can be focused to a sub-nanometre
scale in modern electron microscopes, the resolution
of EBID is now reaching down to subnanometres.
However, the deposits generally contain a large
amount of amorphous carbon. This carbon contamination may be the most serious drawback and is
preventing practical uses of EBID in nanodevice
technology. In this study, nanostructures, such as
nanowires, were fabricated by EBID using methyl

cyclopenta dienyl platinum trimethyl (MeCpPtMe3)

and iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) precursors.
M09-01

10:35-10:50
Sputtering as a Method for Low-temperature
Fabrication of Nanomaterials: Masaki Tanemura1,

81

Masashi Kitazawa2, Ako Miyawaki1, Zhipeng Wang1,

Yasuhiko Hayashi1 and Shu Ping Lau3; 1Department
of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of
Engineering,Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan,
2
Olympus Co. Ltd., Japan, 3School of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore
Sputtering was demonstrated to be promising as a
basic method to fabricate nanomaterials at low
temperatures. Ion-irradiation of bulk carbon and
carbon-coated substrates induced a formation of
conical protrusions, and carbon nanofibers (CNFs)
grew on the tips even at room temperature. Flexible
displays and scanning probe microscope tips could
be developed using the ion-induced CNFs. In addition,
applications of ion-induced ZnO nanoneedles to ultraviolet laser emission devices and spintronics fields
were also demonstrated.
M09-04

Chair: Xiadong Han

ORAL FRIDAY
82

10:50-11:20 Invited
Impurity Effect on Dislocation Loop Formation in
Fe-Cr Model Alloys: N. Hashimoto, T. Hasegawa
and S Ohnuki; Hokkaido University, Japan
Microstructural evolution in Fe-xCr alloys
electron- irradiated at 100-500 up to 6.5 dpa were
investigated in order to clarify effect of impurity on
defect cluster formation and growth. In-situ
irradiation experiments showed no effect of Cr
concentration on dislocation loop formation and
growth. Migration energy of vacancy in high purity
alloys was smaller than that in low purity alloys.
There was a tendency of greater dislocation loop
density for lower purity alloys, indicating that
trapping of interstitial atom by interstitial-type
impurity would assist dislocation loop formation.
Computer simulation based on the rate theory was in
agreement with the experimental data.
M09-05
Chair: J.Y. Park
11:20-11:35
Irradiation Effect on Microstructure of Modified
SUS316 Stainless Steel Cladding Irradiated at
Elevated Temperature to High Dose: S. Yamashita1,
N. Akasaka1, K. Nishinoiri1 and H. Takahashi1,2;
1
Materials Monitoring Section, Fuels and Materials
Department, O-arai Research and Development
Center (ORDC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency,
Japan, 2Center for Advanced Research of Energy
Conversion Materials (CAREM), Hokkaido University, Japan
Neutron irradiation behavior of modified SUS316
stainless steel (PNC316), which has been developed
for Japanese fast breeder reactor fuel cladding, was
investigated by means of transmission electron

microscope (TEM). From the TEM analyses, it was

found that significant improvement in the swelling
resistance of PNC316 was mainly due to the formation of
a stable phosphide that traps helium bubbles and
retards the conversion of bubbles to voids. Results of
detailed analyses of high-resolution TEM images
including a matrix/phosphide interface structure
would be presented and discussed in the meeting of
APMC9.
M09-06
11:35-11:50
Microstructure Analysis of Ion Irradiated Carbides:
J.Y. Park, S.M. Kang, J.H. Park and W.J. Kim;
Division of Nuclear Materials Research, Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea
One of the vital data sets for designing carbides for
the next generation nuclear energy systems is the
irradiation induced properties under a severe neutron
irradiation. An ion irradiation has been used as an
excellent tool for the simulation study of a neutron
irradiation because of its advantages such as its
simplicity, economical efficiency, capability of a
high-fluence bombardment, a high temperature
irradiation and a target versatility. In this work,
various types of SiC and CVD-ZrC were prepared to
compare some properties before and after an ion
irradiation. SiC was irradiated by Si+2 ions at
irradiation doses of 5 dpa and 20 dpa, and at RT,
600 and 1200 respectively. ZrC was
irradiated by C+ ions up to 5 dpa at RT. The
microsturctural changes were observed with the
irradiation conditions by a Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM) with selected area diffraction
patterns. Microstructures of the ion-irradiated SiC
were investigated by a cross- sectional SEM and
TEM observation. The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling system was used to prepare the TEM samples.
M09-07
11:50-12:05
Drift Motion of Radiation Defects by Externally
Applied Stress: S.C. Kwon1, H.D. Cho1, J.H. Kwon1,
W.-J. Moon2 and Y.-M. Kim2; 1Department of
Nuclear Materials Technology Development, Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea, 2Division
of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic
Science Institute, Korea
Irradiation with energetic particles to materials
forms defect clusters known as dislocation loops.
One dimensional motion of clusters occurs during
high voltage microscope experiments. The driving
force of the motion can be explained with the effect
of strain field among clusters. The clusters move
under the condition of no external stress. In this
paper, an effect of external stress has been examined
with in situ straining experiment after formation of
clusters. We tried to use the results for explanation of
clear channel formation.
M09-08

M-06) Magnetic and Super-conducting

Materials
Organized by Jong Ryoul Kim
Room Samda1

09:20 ~ 12:05

Chair: J.Y. Kim

09:20-09:50 Invited
In Situ Observation of Magnetization Processes
by Electron Holography and Lorentz Microscopy:
D. Shindo, T. Yogo and Z. Akase; Institute of
Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials,
Tohoku University, Japan
Magnetization process of a soft-magnetic underlayer (SUL) consisting of Co72Ni11Fe17B is studied
by electron holography with an MFM tip driven by
the piezodriving holder. It is found that magnetic flux
produced by the MFM tip is strongly trapped by the
SUL, indicating its high magnetic permeability. By
utilizing an alternating current (AC) magnetizing
system, dynamic motion of domain walls in electrical
steel sheets is also studied by Lorentz microscopy. It
is observed that the domain walls are pinned at not
only the precipitates, but also by their strain fields.
M06-01

10:20-10:50 Invited
Microstructural Features and Physical Properties
in New Superconducting System of R[O1-xFx]FeAs
(R=La, Pr, Ce): J.Q. Li, R.C. Che, H.X. Yang, C.Y.
Liang, H.L. Shi, C. Ma and L.J. Zeng; Beijing
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of
Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
China
We report on TEM and EELS investigations of
several newly discovered superconducting materials
with nominal compositions of R[O1-xFx]FeAs (R=La,
Pr, Ce). These superconducting materials in general
have a much simple layered structure in comparison
with cuprates. Our experimental results also demonstrate
that the F substitution for O could result in not only
local structural distortions but also notable change in
valence state of the Fe ions. Structural defects and
short-range ordered states appearing in the samples
prepared under different conditions will be briefly
discussed based on the high-resolution TEM observations.
M06-04

Chair: Shindo Daisuke

10:50-11:05
Structural Investigation of GeMn Thin Films
Grown on Ge and Si: Y. Wang1, J. Zou1, Z.M. Zhao2,
X.H. Han2, X.Y. Zhou2 and K.L. Wang2; 1School of
Engineering and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Australia,
2
Electrical Engineering, University of California at
Los Angeles, USA
M06-05
11:05-11:20
Low-Temperature Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Oriented Hard Magnetic L10-FePtCu
Nanoparticles: Han-Wool Ryu, Kazuhisa Sato and
Yoshihiko Hirotsu; The Institute of Scientific and
Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
L10-FePt and FePtCu nanoparticles have been
directly synthesized by co-evaporation of Fe, Pt and
Cu using rf-magnetron sputtering onto NaCl substrate
without any post-deposition annealing. The L10-FePtCu
nanoparticles with a fine two-dimensional dispersion
was formed at a low substrate temperature as low as
613 K. A maximum coercivity of 1.4 kOe (measured
at room temperature) was obtained when the compo-

ORAL FRIDAY

09:50-10:05
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of the
LaOFeP Superconductor: R.C. Che, R.J. Xiao, C.Y.
Liang, H.X. Yang, C. Ma, H.L. Shi and J.Q. Li;
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter
Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
The electronic band structures of a LaOFeP
superconductor have been investigated by means of
electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and first
principles method. The fine structures of the EELS
data have been carefully examined in both the low
loss energy region (< 60 eV) and the core losses
region (O K, Fe L2,3, and La M4,5). A slight bump
edge at ~44 eV shows notable orientation- dependence: it
can be observed in the low loss EELS spectra with
q//c, but becomes almost invisible in the qc spectra.
Annealing experiments indicate that low oxygen
pressure favors the appearance of superconductivity
in LaOFeP, this fact is also confirmed by the changes
of Fe L2,3 and O K excitation edges in the experimental EELS data. The calculations of electronic
structures indicate that the Fe atom in LaOFeP
crystal shows a weak magnetic moment (0.14 B/
atom) and does not form a long-range magnetic
ordering. Band structure, Fermi surfaces and
fluorine-doping effects are also analyzed based on
the data of the density functional theory.
M06-02

10:05-10:20
Magnetic Domain Structures in Al-doped La1-xSrx
MnO3: K. Kshidome1, Y. Nagamine1, T. Asaka2, Y.
Matsui1, S Sugai3 and K. Takenaka3, S. Mori1; 1Osaka
Prefecture University, Japan, 2NIMS, Japan, 3Nagoya
University, Japan
M06-03

83

sition was Fe37Cu12Pt51. In the case of binary

L10-FePt nanoparticles, the ordering process was
slow and the coercivity value was lower than 1 kOe
under the sputtering at 613K, and a particle-coalescence
became prominent. These results indicated that the
additive Cu is effective to fabricate hard magnetic
L10-FePtCu nanoparticles at low substrate temperatures using rf-magnetron sputtering. The longrange-order (LRO) parameters of the individual
ternary FePtCu and binary FePt alloy nanoparticles
fabricated under 613 K were evaluated by nanobeam
electron diffraction. The LRO parameters were
determined by comparing nanobeam electron diffracttion intensities and calculated ones considering
the multiple scattering. Also the size dependence of
the LRO parameters for these nanoparticles were
studied.
M06-06

ORAL FRIDAY
84

11:20-11:35
HAADF and EELS Study on the Substitution and
Distribution of Cobalt in Zn(Co)O by Multilayer
Growth: Shu-Fang Chen1, Chuan-Pu Liu1, H.S. Hsu2
and J.C.A. Huang2; 1Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
Taiwan, 2Department of Physics, National Cheng
Kung University, Taiwan
Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have
attracted great attention for potential new-device
applications in spin-based information-processing
technologies [1]. In this work, Co-doped ZnO films
were synthesized by alternatively sputtering very thin
Co and ZnO layers for 25 periods at room temperature.
The preparation of samples by multilayer-growth is very
controllable and reproducible, both distribution and
chemical states of Co in Zn(Co)O can be well
controlled by varying the ratio of nominal layer thickness
of ZnO(dZnO) to Co(dCo). The microstructures of
the Zn(Co)O films were observed by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) in cross section. Brightfield TEM images shown in Fig. 1 indicated that all
of the as-deposited Zn1-x(Co)xO films are polycrystalline with (11-20) preferred orientation. The
distribution and chemical states of Co ions are
identified by Z-contrast imaging and electron energy
loss spectroscopy (EELS), respectively. Fig. 2 is the
STEM-HAADF images for Zn(Co)O films with
different dCo. When dCo=0.1 nm, the ZnO/Co multilayer structure will become homogeneous Co-doped
ZnO through inter-diffusion for dZnO=1.5 nm. On
the other hand, Co clusters in the ZnO matrix (Fig.
2(b)) or Co-rich ZnO/ZnO multilayer (Fig. 2(c)) will
form when decreasing or increasing dZnO,
respectively. For the film with dZnO1.5 nm, Co is
found to substitute for Zn, and its valence state is 2+
as evidenced by EELS studies shown in Fig. 3. Moreover,
all Co-doped ZnO films show room-temperature
ferromagnetic behavior; this appears to depend

strongly on the Co distribution as well as the

magnetic interaction between them.
M06-07

11:35-11:50
Crystalline Behavior and Microstructure Analysis in
Fe73.28Si13.43B8.72Cu0.94Nb3.63 Alloy with Annealing
Temperature: Oh Young Hwa; Seoul National
University, Korea
M06-08

11:50-12:05
Microstructure Observation of MgB2/Ni Multilayered
Film Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation: H.
Sosiati1, S. Hata2, T. Yoshidome2, N. Kuwano3, T.
Doi4 and H. Kitaguchi5; 1HVEM, Kyushu University,
Japan, 2Interdisciplinary GraduateSchool of Eng. Sci.,
Kyushu University, Japan, 3ASTEC, Kyushu
University, Japan, 4Faculty of Engineering,
Kagoshima University, Japan, 5National Institute for
Materials Science (NIMS), Japan
In-situ TEM observations reveal a structural phase
transition related to the charge/orbital order in
La0.5Sr1.5MnO4. The structure refinement using the
multi-slice least-squares method demonstrates that
the Mn atoms, at symmetry-equivalent sites at room
temperature, are distributed at two nonequivalent
sites in CO phase. Based on this structure data,
first-principles calculation reveals certain features in
electronic structure: the density of states exhibits a
band gap at the Fermi level; charge disproportionation
and orbital ordering are visible in the contour map of
charge-density; the dx2-z2 or dy2-z2 orbital ordering
is demonstrated, which is different from the
dz2-zigzag pattern in cubic perovskite.
M06-09

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures

Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and
Toru Noda
Room 301
09:20 ~ 11:30

Chairs: Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong, Jae-Hyun

Lee, Byoung Soo Chang, InSun Kim and Toru Noda
09:20-09:50 Invited
Visualization of West Nile prM Mutant Viruses in
BHK Cells Revealed a Novel Function of Tyrosine
78 in Virus Assembly: Terence Tan Tze Tong and
Mary Ng Mah Lee; Department of Microbiology,
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine. National University
of Singapore, Singapore
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne
virus that belongs to the flaviviridae family, which

09:50-10:20

Up-regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor

(IRF) 2 During West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection
in Brain Cells is a Virus-anti-host Mechanism:
K.L. Yeo and M.L. Ng; Flavivirology Laboratory,
Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School
of Medicine, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
West Nile Virus infection in human can lead to
fatal encephalitis. Electron micrographs of
WNV-infected glial cells at 24 h p.i. showed that
there were no virus induced structures and the virus
particles matured within vacuoles. The main mode of
exclusion of the virus was found to be via exocytosis
and some budding of the virus particles were also
observed. Subsequent real-time PCR performed on
WNV-infected glial cells revealed significant upregulation of IRF 2. Enzyme-linked immunesorbentassay (ELISA) on the amount of IFN
produced post-WNV infection showed that the
enhanced or reduced virus titers were independent of
the amount of IFN present. This study thus shows
that the up-regulation of IRF 2 during WNV
infection in the brain is an anti-host mechanism to
prolong WNV infection in the brain. Extended IFN
production in response to the infection leads to an
apoptotic state of the cell. Uncovering of the IRF
2-dependent mechanism(s) of WNV infection in the
brain would undoubtedly reveal novel molecular
targets for anti-viral treatment.
L06-18

10:20-10:30 Coffee break

10:30-10:45
Heavy Metals in Leaves of Avicennia marina: Y.
Naidoo, T. Hiralal and G. Naidoo; School of
Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of
KwaZuluNatal,South Africa
Heavy metal contamination in mangroves is of
critical concern due to its accumulative and adverse
effects in aquatic ecosystems. This study was
undertaken to investigate the effects of mercury
(Hg2+), lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) on
plant responses in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.
A. marina plants were grown for eleven months in
pots contaminated with Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ at
concentrations of 40, 80, 120 and 160ppm (1ppm=1g
ml-1). SEM X-ray microanalyses confirmedsecretion
of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions as well as salt (NaCl-) from
glandular structures on both the adaxial and abaxial
surfaces of leaves; however Hg2+ and Pb2+ were not
detected. The study indicates that Cu2+, Zn2+ are
taken up by roots and transported to shoots. In
addition, only Cu2+ and Zn2+ are secreted via the
glands.
L06-19

ORAL FRIDAY

also includes other medically important pathogens

such as Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis viruses.
WNV is the etiological agent that is responsible for
the infamous encephalitis outbreak in New York city
in 1999. The successful establishment of WNV in the
Americas is largely attributed to its unique capability
to infect a wide number of mosquito species and to
use birds as amplifying hosts. The WNV caused a
wide spectrum of diseases in mammals and humans,
ranging from fever to paralysis and meningo-encephalitis.
Currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapeuticsare yet available for the treatment of WNV
infection. The ultrastructural understanding of WNV
assembly process is important for development of
potential therapeutic agents. The WNV particle is
made up of the nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid
bilayer of envelope (E) and membrane/ precursor
membrane (M/prM) proteins. The prM protein
mediates the folding of the viral E protein and
protects the E protein against premature acidification
during virus maturation. Currently, the molecular
basis of prM functions in virus assembly is still
poorly defined. The bioinformatic analysis of
flavivirus amino acids sequences discovered a cluster
of highly conserved residues in the prM protein that
are yet to be characterized. To investigate the
functional significance of these residues, mutagenesis
work in WNV infectious clone were carried out to
generate mutant WNV viruses. In this study, we seek
to delineate the residue that is responsible for the
abolishment of infectivity in a non-infectious WNV
mutant virus (T7689) that carries triple mutations at
76th, 78th and 79th positions of the prM protein. The
effects of mutations on virus infectivity and assembly
were carried out using immuno-fluorescence and
transmission electron microscopy. The immuno-fluorescenceresults obtained demonstrated that Valine 76,
Arginine 77 and Glycine 79 residues of prM protein
are dispensable for WNV infectivity in BHK cells. In
addition, Alanine replacement of Tyrosine 78
completely abolished the virus infectivity in both
BHK and C6/36 cells, indicating that the residue is
critical for virus replication. Trans complementation
studies using BHK cells expressing wild type prM
protein was able to resuscitate Y78A mutant virus
while infectivity is not restored when complementationwas carried out in BHK cells expressing
mutant prM protein (Y78A or T7689). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that
mutation at Tyrosine 78 completely abolished the
formation of virus particle. This confirmed that
Tyrosine residue at 78th position of prM protein, a
highly conserved residue among the flaviviruses,
plays a critical role in WNV assembly process.
L06-17

85

10:45-11:00
Use a Desktop SEM to Efficiently Check the False
Veins and Spicular Cells in the Leaves of Three
Taxa in Pteridaceae Sensu Lato: T.-T. Kao1, S.-J.
Chen1, W.-L. Chiou2 and L.-L. Kuo-Huang1;
1
Department of Life Science, Institute of Ecology
and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan
University, Taiwan, 2Division of Forest Biology,
Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan
In this study, the false vein and spicular cells of
three taxa in Pteridaceae s.l. were checked by using a
desktop SEM (TM-1000). False veins are significantly
lighter than other normal epidermal cells. The results
of EDS trace element analysis and Si dot map
showed that the major component of false vein is
silica, so the false vein is compose of spicular cells.
By using the desktop SEM, we provide an efficient
method to check false vein and spicular cells. This
may be a chance for us to deal with the evolutionary
questions of these structures in Pteridaceae s.l..
L06-20

ORAL FRIDAY
86

11:00-11:15
Ultrastructure Development of Fiber Cell Wall in
Bamboo Culm of Phyllostachys Pubescens: B Liu,
X M Jiang and Y F Yin; Research Institute of Wood
Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China
The cell wall thickness and layers of fibre in
Phyllostachys pubescens, during a whole developmental
progress from shooting to 9-years-old, were observed
by TEM. Huge changes happened in the thickening
and the number of wall layers. Within 1 year, fibre
cell had a rapid wall thickening and layer increasing.
The main wall deposition was formed in the years of
1-9. In 6-years-old culm, thickness and number of
fibre cell wall layers reached the maximum. Finally,
fibre ce! ll built a fine multilamellate concentric
structure with thin and thick lamellae alternate.
L06-21
11:15-11:30
Cellular Changes in Fiber Cell During Differentiation
of Secondary Xylem in Populus tomentosa Carr: Y
F Yin, X M Jiang and B Liu; Research Institute of
Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China
The cellular changes in differentiating secondary
xylem cells of Populus tomentosa Carr., consisted of
two synchronous processes of cytoplast degenerating
and cell wall thickening, were studied by using TEM.
Different differentiating types were observed in fiber
cell based on cytoplast changes. When the cambial
cell developed in the expansion phase into xylem,
there were two differentiating types, autolysis in situ
and condensation, observed in fiber cell. Secondary
wall started to deposit by the end of the cell
expansion phase. Two similar differentiating types
were occurred in fiber cell at the secondary wall

thickening phase.Key Words: Secondary xylem,

Fiber cell, Cell wall, Cytoplast, Populus tomentosa
Carr.
L06-22

POSTER PRESENTATION
November 04, 2008
TUESDAY
1st Floor 13:00 ~ 14:00
I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation
Organized by Joong-Keun Park and Kunio Takayangi

Aberration-Free STEM Imaging System Incorporating

Parallel Detection and Processing Techniques Using
a Multidetector Array: Y. Takai1, M. Taya1, Y.
Kimura1 and T. Ikuta2; 1Department of Material and
Life Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,
2
Department of Electronics and Lightwave Sciences,
Osaka Electro-Communication University, Osaka,
Japan
A parallel image detection and image processing
system for scanning transmission electron microscopy
was developed using a multidetector array consisting
of a multi anode photomultiplier tube arranged in an
8 8 square array. The system enables the taking
of 64 images simultaneously from different scattered
directions with a scanning time of 2.6 s. Using the 64
images, phase and amplitude contrast images of gold
particles on an amorphous carbon thin film could be
separately reconstructed by applying respective figure 8
shaped band-pass Fourier filters for each image and
multiplying the phase and amplitude reconstructing
factors.
I01-13

Wet-Cell for Liquid Environmental bioTEM Fabricated

with MEMS Technology: T.W. Huang1, S.H.
Huang1, C.H. Hsu1, C.S. Chang2, Jessie Shiue2, Y.K.
Hwu2, F.G. Tseng1 and F.R. Chen1,2; 1Engineering
and System Science Department, National Tsing Hua
University, Taiwan, ROC, 2Institute of Physics,
Academic Sinica, Taiwan,
The purpose of this research is to develop a
wetcell sealing the liquid biological sample to carry
out Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy
observation. The device fabricated with MEMS
technology can be used in conventional TEM holder
directly, need not install any hardware additional.
Two kinds of particle solution, 80nm gold particle
and 500nm polystyrene particle, was demonstrated
under TEM with 100keV accelerate voltage. The
motion of PS particle in solution has been observed
under electron beam radiation.
I01-15

POSTER TUESDAY

Aberration-Free Imaging by Dynamic Hollow-cone

Illumination in Transmission Electron Microscopy:
K. Kitade1, H. Yoshimori1, T. Ikuta2, Y. Kimura1 and
Y. Takai1; 1Department of Material and Life Science,
Osaka University, Japan, 2Department of Lightwave
Science, Faculty of Information and Communication
Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University,
Osaka, Japan
Images taken under tilted illumination in TEM
include spherical and chromatic aberration-free components. By utilizing these components routinely, Ikuta
proposed aberration-free imaging under dynamic
hollow-cone illumination (HCI). However, resolution
beyond the information limit under axial illumination
had not yet been achieved. In this paper, we report
that resolution beyond the information limit under
axial illumination has been achieved at an
accelerating voltage of 60 kV. Furthermore, we
report that an annular objective aperture was inserted
into the back focal plane of the objective lens in
order to improve the S/N of the restored image.
I01-12

Development of Direct Single Electron Detection type

CCD Camera for Transmission Electron Microscope:
Y. Kimura1, M. Hayashida1, T. Iyasu1, T. Nagatomi1,
T. Maruno2 and K. Hara2; 1Department of Material
and Life Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,
2
Systems Division, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.,
Japan
A new imaging system has been developed for the
high-resolution observation using a transmission
electron microscope (TEM) under very low electron
dose condition. This imaging system consists of a
direct single electron detection type CCD device,
which removes the gain fluctuation caused by
conversions between electron and photon. In this
paper, we show (1) the result of single electron
detection with a TEM, (2) the distribution of the
signal charge generated by the single electron impact
and (3) the images taken by the direct single electron
detection type CCD device.
I01-14

Uranium Single Atom Imaging and EELS

Mapping Using Aberration Corrected STEM and
LN2 Cold Stage: Hiromi Inada1, J. Wall2, Y. Zhu2, V.
Volkov2, K. Nakamura3, M. Konno3, K. Kaji3 and K.
Jarausch4; 1Nanotech Systems Division, Hitachi
High Technologies America, Inc., 5100 Franklin Dr.
Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA, 2Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, NY 11973 USA, 3Nanotech Products
Business Group, Hitachi High Technologies Corp.,
884 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504 Japan,
4
Gatan Inc., 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd. Pleasanton,
CA 94588 USA
Single heavy atoms on a thin carbon substrate
represent a nearly ideal test specimen to evaluate
STEM performance. Cooling to 160 using LN2
cold stage holder. The images presented show clear
single atoms and small aggregates with atom-atom

87

separation of 0.34nm. The line profiles obtained by

simultaneous spectrum imaging and HAADF show
very similar appearance with features less than 0.2nm
FWHM. Based on measurements with the Hitachi
HD2700C, CEOS aberration corrector and Gatan
high resolution Enfina spectrometer, we conclude
that the instrument is capable of producing a probe
size is <0.1nm and suitable for high-resolution
mapping.
I01-16

I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation

POSTER TUESDAY

Organized by Moon-Hi Hong and Hiang Lian Hing

Application of Video Recording Method for the
Milling Process of Biological Specimens by
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) in Scanning Electron
Microscope: I. Ohta1, Y. Muranaka1 and H.L. Hing2;
1
Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University
School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu,
431-3192, Japan, 2Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of
Malaysia), 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
In nanobiotechnology, Focused ion beam (FIB)
system has been applied to specimen such as
microbes, blood vessels, glomeruli, the inner ears,
and parasite eggs as a method to mill them into an
optimal minute size for observing internal fine
structure in voluntary sites in scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) specimen. Recently the automatic
CUT & SEE system has been developed, which can
make an animation by using the successive SEM
images obtained after repeatedly milling process by
FIB. We applied this system to biological specimen,
such as culture cells, free cells, and parenchymal
cells.
I08-14

New Dispersion Technique of Nano Particles for

TEM Observation: Byung Kyu Park1, Tae Hwan
Kim1, Sang-Hee Lee2, Jee-Young Lee2, Dong Sik
Bae3, Youn-Joong Kim2 and Won-Jin Moon1; 1Koera
Basic Science Institute Gwang-Ju Center, 300
Yongbong- dong, Book-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea,
2
Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno,
Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 3Nano &
Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Sarim-dong, Changwon, Gyeongam
641-773, Republic of Korea
The most difficult work for analyzing nanoparticles by TEM is to quantify or to identify each
nano-particle from overlapped nano-particles. In the
TEM specimens prepared with general sampling
method it is very difficult to avoid aggregation of

88

nano-particles even though dispersant is added. In

this work, we focused on development of new dispersion
technique which can be extensively applied to
diverse nano-particles. New technique was developed
by improving the conventional formvar support film
method.
I08-15
Comparison of Physical Properties of Metal
Coating Material for Pre-processing of Scanning
Electron Microscope: Byung Chan Lee1, Hyo Kwan
Nam2 and Sung Ho Lee1; 1Nano practical application
center, Daegu Technopark, Daegu, Korea, 2Instrumental Analysis Center, Yeungnam University,
Gyeongsan-ci, Gyeongbuk, Korea
This trial analyzed their surface morphology and
electric conductivity after coating Au, Pt, Pt-Pd and
Os with the same thickness of 6nm. It can be said
that it is a good coating-material to observe nano-size
substances as electric conductivity of Os is about
3.4310-3 S/cm and the granular texture does not
appear in the high-magnification with images magnified to hundreds of thousands of times.
I08-16
The Effect of Accelerating Voltage of Focused Ion
Beam on the Formation and Thickness of
Amorphous Layer in Steel: Jae Deok Kim1, Ki
Hwan Kim1, Ki Jung Hong1, Kwang Soo Shin1, Shin
Hwa Park1, Yeong Ki Kim2 and Yoon Huh1;
1
Characterization and Analysis Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
(RIST), Pohang 790-330, Korea, 2Department of
FAB Operation, National Center for Nanomaterials
Technology (NCNT), Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
The effect of accelerating voltage of focused ion
beam (FIB) on the formation and thickness of
amorphous layer in steel has been reported in this
study. The thickness of amorphous layer formed by
FIB milling was measured with changes of
accelerating voltage and final thinning time at the
constant values of both the current and incidence
angle of the ion beam.
I08-17

I-02) SEM Instrumentation

Organized by Jondo Yun and Brendan Griffin
Development and Evaluation of Specimen Holder
of Scanning Electron Microscope for Observation
of Transmitted Ultra-thin Sections by Secondary
Electron Image: Y. Murranaka and I. Ohta;
Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University
School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu.
431-3192, Japan

We developed and evaluated the special specimen

holder of SEM to observe the transmitted electron
images of ultra-thin section for TEM by secondary
electron of SEM. The specimen holder made of aluminum or carbon is equipped with the grid stage, the
plate for generation of secondary electron and the
objective aperture. Whole grid areas can be easily
observed by the functions of tilting and rotation. By
the holder, the quality of secondary images of TEM
specimens by the field emission SEM was comparable to
that of TEM images. Moreover, developed holder is
useful for X-ray element analysis in the section.
I02-14

TESCAN FEG SEM for Investigation of Extraord

Inary Large Samples: Martin Zadrazil; TESCAN,
Czech republic.
Tescan instrumentation, technical background,
long tradition of electron optics research, experience
of many-years in the designing and production of
scanning electron microscope, professional qualifycations of Tescan staff as well as the general
reputation of Tescan brought the company to a
project of the king size SEM chamber for
investigation of extraordinary large samples. The
chamber in combination with the MIRA-High Resolution Schottky Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscope offers high quality imaging and analysis
on samples up to 800mm in diameter.
I02-16
Microstructural Analysis of Ultrafine Grained
Materials Using EBSD: J.-H. Kang1, Y.-K. Lee2,
S.-H. Choi3 and S.-H. Kim1; 1Korea Institute of
Materials Science, Sangnam, Changwon 641-831,
Korea, 2Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon, Seodaemun,
Seoul 120-749, Korea, 3Sunchon National University,
315 Maegok, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
Microstructure and texture of several ultrafine
grained materials were investigated using Electron

Comparative of Stamen and Gynoecium of Genus

Desmos Loureiro Fl. and Polyalthia (Annonaceae)
in Malaysia: S. Normalawati, R. Suhaniza and H. L.
Hing; Electron Microscope Unit, Faculty Science and
Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
Bangi, Selangor MALAYSIA
Comparative morphology study was carried out
deference groups on stamen and gynoecium of 6
species of Annonaceae. Six species were studied:
Desmos chinensis Lour. Fl., Desmos cochinchinensis
Lour. Fl., Polyalthia sumatrana (Miq.) Kurz., Polyalthiaoblique Hk. F et. Thoms., Polyalthia lateritia J.
Sinclair and Polyalthia asteriella Ridley. The data
show significant difference between the genera
examined and are congruent with the some species
on Annonaceae. Variation in stamens and gynoecium
ultra structure could be used as additional characteristic between the species studied.
I02-18

POSTER TUESDAY

Ostracoda in Seagrass Bed at Pulau Tinggi, Johor,

Malaysia: S. Idris, Noraswana Nor Faiz, Ramlan
Omar and S. Normalawati; School of Environmental
and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Technology, National University of Malaysia,
43600 Bangi, Selangor
This study was carried out to determine the presence
of ostracoda in seagrass bed from 3 sampling stations
around Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 31
species from 13 families were found and had been
determined. The families were Paracytherididae, Trachyleberididae, Hemicytheridae, Xestoleberididae,
Bairdiidae, Schizocytheridae, Cytherellidae, Loxonchidae, Cytherideidae, Leptocytheridae, Pectocytheridae, Macro-cyprididae and Paradoxostomatidae.
I02-15

backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique accompanied with special sample preparation. For quantitative observation, appropriate sample preparations and
settings of Hough calculations should be applied.
I02-17

Design and Simulation of a Miniature SEM:

Hui-Fang Chuang1, Ying-Shuo Tseng1 and Fu-Rong
Chen2; 1National Synchrotron Radiation Research
Center, Taiwan, 2Department of Engineering and
System Science, National Tsing-Hua University,
Taiwan
We try to demonstrate a miniature SEM of less
than 30cm with magnetic lens to obtain a reasonable
aberration. It includes three magnetic round lenses,
one for main focusing and the other for pre-focusing;
besides that, one magnetic deflection system to
control the high energy beam of 15keV to scan the
interesting area. Using Munros program, so far, we
obtained the spherical aberration of 8 cm at a
working distance of 12 mm. We work toward the
lower aberration by considering the aberration correction multipole elements into the system.
I02-19
Negative Charging Simulation of a SiO2 Thin Film
in LVSEM: Wei-Qin Li, Hai-Bo Zhang, Dan-Wei
Wu and Xing Wu; Department of Electronic Science
and Technology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian
710049, Peoples Republic of China
The negative charging process due to electron
beam irradiation has been clarified for a grounded
SiO2 thin film in the low-voltage SEM with
numerical simulation. Results show that electrons
can transcend the scattering region and arrive at the
substrate to form the leakage current. The negative
charging process tends to equilibrium as the leakage
current increases. In the equilibrium state, a thicker

89

film or lower electron mobility will cause the higher

density of positive space charges outside of the
electron range and therefore the stronger local
surface electric field that makes more secondary
electrons redistribute to the surface.
I02-20

POSTER TUESDAY

Acanthamoeba spp.: The Scanning Electron

Microscopic Study of Strains Isolated From
Malaysia: A.G.M. Kamel1, D.C.Z. Suriani1, A.
Norazah2, S. Normalawati1 and H.L. Hing1; 1Dept. of
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan
Raja Muda Abd. Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, 2Institute for Medical Research, Jalan
Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
From our observation using SEM, the cysts of
Acanthamoeba isolated from the water and soil
conformed to Group 2 (Polyphagid) and Group 3
(Culbertsonid) respectively. Group 2 were represented
by cysts with average diameter of less than 18um.
The ectocyst and the endocyst are either close
together or widely separated. The ectocyst may be
thick or thin and is usually wrinkled or mamillated;
the endocyst may be stellate, polygonal, triangular, or
sometimes round or oval and usually does not have
well developed arms or rays. The operculum, at the
junction of the endocyst and ectocyst, is in a
depression formed by the infolding of the ectocyst.
While for group 3, the mean diameter of the cysts is
also less than 18m but the ectocyst in this group is
thin and is either gently rippled or unrippled.This
study confirms that majority of Acanthamoeba species
isolated from the soil and aquatic environment in
Malaysia mainly belongs to the Polyphagid and
Culbersonid group.
I02-21

Keunbong Lee2, Seunghwa Jung2 and Jondo Yun2;

Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyungnam
University, 449 Woryeongdong, Masan, Korea,
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Kyungnam
University, 449 Woryeongdong, Masan, Korea
The effect of additives on microstructure and
mechanical properties of zirconium silicate was
investigated by using scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). As the sintering temperature increased, the
mullite, tetragonal zirconia and monoclinc zirconia
phases were found to be formed more easily, and the
mechanical properties thus decreased. Excess silica
may have inhibited dissociation of zirconium silicate.
I02-23
1

Characterization of Nanowhiskers of Manganese

Oxide : Jondo Yun1, Chunsheng Du2 and Nigel
Browning3; 1Department of Nano Science and
Engineering, Kyungnam University, Masan, 631-701,
Korea, 2 Division of Textile and Clothing, University
of California at Davis, CA95616, USA, 3Division of
Materials Science, University of California at Davis,
CA95616, USA
Nanowhiskers of manganese oxide were characterized by electron microscopy and spectroscopy.
Bundle of nanosize whiskers grew from the surface
of nanoparticles of hausmannite, Mn3O4. Grown
nanowhiskers had various phases, with oxygen
content in a range of 0.7-1.6. Nanowhiskers contained point or planar type lattice defects.
I02-24

I-03) HV-TEM
Organized by Youn-Joong Kim and Hirotaro Mori

90

Environmental SEM Application Technique of

SEM and STEM -WET STEM-: M. Nakamura, S.
Sadayama and N. Suzuki; FEI Company Japan Ltd.,
NanoPort Japan, NSS-2 Bldg. 1F, 13-34 Kohnan
2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan
Recently with the development of ESEM, imaging
of samples containing water under a high vacuum has
been achieved. However, in the case of samples
covered with liquid, conventional ESEM can provide
images only the top surface of the liquid. Therefore
STEM was applied. By using STEM, inside information
of the samples can be observed. Wet STEM in
combination with ESEM technology and STEM
system has been developed. It allows transparent
imaging of a liquid phase sample or a sample
submerged in liquid without any pre-treatment. We
applied this technique to some wet samples with
other exciting applications in the process.
I02-22

Design of an Observation Support System for a

3MV Ultrahigh Voltage Electron Microscope:
Kiyokazu Yoshida1, Ryuji Nishi1, Tadao Furutsu2 and
Hirotaro Mori1; 1Research Center for Ultra High
Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1,
Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan,
2
Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, 882, Ichige,
Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8504, Japan
An observation support system for a 3MV ultrahigh voltage electron microscope, which allows determination of a field of interest from a remote laboratory and allows subsequent automatic observation/
imaging of a sample, was designed. The design
includes the following developments: high-precisionspecimen-tilting device, auto-correction software,
high-speed imaging, and so on.
I03-09

Characterization of Zirconium Silicate Body

Sintered with Oxide Additives : Hongrim Lee1,

Pit Plug Morphogenesis in Ptilota filicina

(Rhodophyta) by HVEM and Electron Tomo-

Research of the Fabrication for Al Nanocrystal

Embedded in Small-Molecular-Weight Organic
Nonvolatile Memory Cell using K.B.S.I-HVEM: Y.
H. Oh1, S. H. Seo1, W. S. Nam1, G. S. Lee1, J. G.
Park1 and Y. M. Kim2; 1Department of Electrical &
Computer Engineering, Tera-bit Nonvolatile Memory
Development Center, Hanyang University, 133-791,
Seoul, Korea, 2Electron Microscopy Team, Korea
Basic Science Institute, 305-333, Daejeon, Korea
To investigate electrical characteristics of
small-molecular-weight organic nonvolatile memory
cell with Al nanocrystal, we developed the device
structure of Al/-NPD(N, N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'biphenyl4-4''diamine)/Al nanocrystal surrounded by
Al2O3/-NPD/Al. Memory characteristic is appeared
by charging or discharging electrons on Al nanocrystals. We use O2 plasma oxidation to fabricate Al
nanocrystal. High voltage electron microscope
(HVEM) is used to demonstrate formation of nanocrystal and confirm relation between memory behavior and nanocrystal. As a result, grain boundary and
fringe of nanocrystal are shown in HVEM image.
I03-11
Tomography Observation for Thick Sample by
Combining of plural 3D Reconstructed Volumes
in Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscope: R.
Nishi, H. Ochiai, T. Hasegawa and A. Takaoka;
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron
Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka,
Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
We can obtain the images of 5-m-thick slices
with tilt angle of 60 degrees and can reconstruct 3D
images by 3 MV ultra-HVEMs in Osaka University.
However, as often as not, for biological samples
exceed the limitation of the observable thickness. We

tried to combine the reconstructed volumes to the

ultra-HVEM tomography. We made the periodically
arranged markers by FIB before slicing the sample
by microtome due to observation area matching. We
could succeed to combine three 3 m-thick specimens
and we could observe totally 9 m-thick volume.
I03-12
Electron-beam-induced Reduction of Vanadium
Pentoxide Nanowires: H.Y. Jeong1, J.Y. Lee1, B.H.
Kim2, H.Y. Yu2, S.Y. Oh2; 1Department of Materials
and Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea, 2Electronics and Telecommunications Research
Institute, Daejeon, Korea
Vanadium pentoxide nanowires were prepared by
the sol/gel technique of polycondensation of vanadic
acid in water. Figure 1 shows the bright field image
of V2O5 nanowires attached on the TEM grid. It was
confirmed that the V2O5 nanowires have a ribbonlike structure with a width of 20-30nm and length of
a few micrometers. The high-resolution TEM image
as shown in Figure 2 reveal that a V2O5 nanowire
was not well-ordered crystalline structure and rather
amorphous phase with locally ordered crystalline
region. It was firstly observed from Figure 3 and 4
that this amorphous structure was changed into
well-ordered VO phase(cubic, a=4.1) with the {200}
lattice images (d space= 2.05). This is due to the
reduction mechanism induced by electron beam
irradiation energy and ultra-high vacuum condition in
TEM specimen chamber.
I03-13

POSTER TUESDAY

graphy: Sang-Hee Lee1, Jin-Gyu Kim1, Jong-Man

Jeong1, Sun-Gyu Lee1, Won-Gu Jung1, Ju-Yeon Lee1,
Jee-Young Lee1, Hye-Jin Cho1, Eun-Ju Lee1, Soo-Jin
Kim1, Hee-Seok Kweon1, Hyeong-Tae Jou2,
Norishige Yotsukura3 and Youn-Joong Kim1; 1Korea
Basic Science Institute, 52 Yeoeun-Dong, YuseongGu,Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 2Korea Ocean Research
& Development Institute, 1270 SA2 Dong, Ansan
426-744, 3Muroran Marine Station, Field Science
Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University,
Muroran 051-0003, Japan
In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural
morphogenesis of pit plug in Ptilota filicina by
Electron Tomography. We discovered the growth
patterns of pit plug were changed during cell growth.
After cell division, the initial pit plug, a small round
shape, is observed and then, it grows in length and
forms in peanut shape. Later, the peanut shaped pit
plug grows in volume and forms in hamburger shape.
I03-10

In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study

of In-Sb-Te Thin Films: C. S. Kim1, E. T. Kim1, J. Y.
Lee1 and Y. T. Kim2; 1Department on Materials
Science and Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, 2Semiconductor
Materials and Device Laboratory, Korea Institute of
Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgok-dong,
Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Korea
In a previous work, the crystallization temperature
of IST thin films was 280 and the activation
energy was about 1.8eV. Fig. 1 shows HRTEM
images for the crystallization behavior of IST thin
films annealed at 300, 350, 400, 450,
respectively. It was observed from Fig. 1(a) and (b)
that an amorphous IST thin film has been crystallized
in 4nm-sized grains having a Zincblende structure of
InSb phase and their grain size increase about 7 nm.
As the temperature increases, InSb phases change
into In3SbTe2 phases and InTe phases. The crystal
structure of them is NaCl structure and TlSe type
respectively, as shown in Fig. 1(c) and (d). I03-14
Microstructural Analysis of Sb-Se-Te Thin Films

91

POSTER TUESDAY

Crystallization by Using in Situ High Voltage

Electron Microscopy: J.M. Yoon1, E.T. Kim1, J.Y.
Lee1 and Y.T. Kim2; 1Department on Materials
Science and Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, 2Semiconductor
Materials and Device Laboratory, Korea Institute of
Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong,
Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Korea
Crystallization of the SST thin films was done by
in situ heating in a TEM. Atomic resolution images
were observed by using high voltage electron
microscopy (JEM-ARM1300S, Jeol Ltd.) at 130
and 350 annealed SST. At the initial growth stage,
small size of grain is crystallized randomly throughout
the whole thin films as shown Figure 1. When the
thin film was fully crystallized, specific region like
columnar shape area was observed in the thin film as
shown Figure 2. But, it does not occur on a regular
basis throughout the whole thin film. It turned out
that the columnar shape structure was Sb2Se3 as
shown Figure 3 (c).
I03-15

Microstructural Analysis of In Doped Ge-Sb-Te

Thin Films using High Voltage Electron Microscopy: Y. I. Kim1, E. T. Kim1, J. Y. Lee1 and Y. T.
Kim2; 1Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu,
Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, 2Semiconductor Materials and Device Laboratory, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Republic of
Korea
Figure 1 shows HRTEM images for the
crystallization behavior of the In-doped GST thin
films as deposited and annealed at 250, 300,
420, respectively. Figure 1(a) shows that the as
deposited film was amorphous state. Amorphous thin
film has been crystallized in 4nm-sized grains having
In2Te3 phases (cubic, a=18.48 ) with the {333}
lattice image (d space=3.56 ) at 250, as shown in
figure 1(b). From the figure 1(c) and (d), it is
confirmed that In2Te3 grain size increases as
temperature increases. In2Te3 phase not having Ge
and Sb elements was only observed in this in-situ
experiment. This is probably due to over doped In
elements identified from Auger Electron Spectroscopy
data (not shown in this abstract).
I03-16
Polymorphism of Mitochondria in Cultured
Astrocyte with High Voltage Electron Microscopy:
Jee-woong Kim, Hyun-wook Kim, Se Jung Lee,
Soojin Kim and Im Joo Rhyu; Department of
Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University,
Seoul, Korea
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with morphological variations closely linked to many cellular

92

processes, including development, cell cycle

progression and death. The morphological changes of
mitochondria are closely linked to functional status
of the cells. But, functional significance of the
different shape of the mitchondria is not fully
understood. We investigated the morphology of the
mitochondria in the cultured astrocyte with high
voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) without sectioning. The whole mount astrocytes on the grid were
investigated with JEM-ARM 1300S (KBSI, DaeJeon
Korea) or H-xx(NIPS, Okazaki, Japan) at 1M voltage.
We could put mitochondria into four categories;
linear type (45%), branched type (25%), circular type
(22%), and ball type (8%). The significance of this
polymorphism will be examined using some
experimental conditions such as serum deprivation
and apoptosis inducing models.
I03-17
Electron Transmission and Imaging Quality of a
Tilted Thick Specimen in the Ultra-HVEM:
Hai-Bo Zhang1, Fang Wang1, Zhi-Fei Xue1, Ryuji
Nishi2 and Akio Takaoka2; 1Department of Electronic
Science and Technology, Xian Jiaotong University,
Xian 710049, Peoples Republic of China, 2Research
Center for Ultrahigh Voltage Electron Microscopy,
Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka
567-0047, Japan
Electron transmission and images of a tilted 5 m
thick specimen are measured for different accelerating voltages in the ultra-HVEM. The imaging
quality is then assessed by a series of images of
100-nm diameter gold particles located on the bottom
surface of the specimen. The electron transmission
and image quality of the thick specimen are analyzed
with Bothes theory. The decrease of electron
transmission and the degradation of image quality are
both shown to result mainly from multiple elastic
scattering. Therefore, the higher accelerating voltage
can raise both transmission electrons and imaging
quality of micron-scale tilted thick specimens.
I03-18

Improvement of Cryo-transfer Holder Performance

for Cryo-HVEM: Jong-Man Jeong, Seon-Gyu Lee
and Youn-Joong Kim; Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute,
Daejeon 305-333, Korea
During the Cryo-EM experiments of biological
materials using HVEM we experienced ice damage
of the specimen despite that the readout temperature
of the LN2 holder was in safe temperature ranges.
We noticed that the thermocouple (silicon diode
sensor) inside the cryo-transfer holder was located at
104 mm from the specimen cradle where the
specimen is loaded. In previous Cryo-EM studies the
real specimen temperature has usually been estimated
or calculated from the readout temperature. We

attempted to develop a direct method to measure the

real specimen temperature.
I03-19

I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and

Scanning Probe Microscopy
Organized by Haeseong Lee, Wonho Jhe and
Hirofumi Yamada
Mechanical Properties of Nanometric Wire of
Water: Jongwoo Kim, Manhee Lee, Baekman Sung
and Wonho Jhe; Department of Physics and
Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Water has been one of the perfect newtonian
viscous liquids, which are exactly described by
navier-stokes equation. Recently, it, however, was
found that the effective shear viscosity of water
confined between mica crystals at 10nm thickness is
very different from the one of 3-dimensional bulk
water. While some researchers have measured very
high viscoelasticity of the confined liquid, the other
researchers reported the fluidic nature of water
confined between mica surfaces at 0-3.5 nm
interfacial separation like bulk-water viscosity. These
conflicting results concerning the mechanical
properties of nanometric water have been continually
reported for the past several years. None of them
clearly clarified the mechanical properties of
nanometric water, and the detailed behavior of the
viscoelasticity within a tip-sample separation less

Feedback Cooling of a Massive Resonator, Quartz

Tuning-fork, in Air and Vacuum: Bong Su Kim,
Manhee Lee, Baekman Sung and Wonho Jhe;
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul
National University, Seoul, Korea
Recently, the cooling of a mechanical resonator
through active feedback control has been interested
for many researchers and the experiment for a
cantilever cooling by using feedback control in
vacuum has been done by M. Poggio et al. While the
recent cooling experiments have been done by tiny
cantilever in vacuum, we performed the feedback
cooling experiment in air and vacuum by using a
very massive harmonic oscillator, a tuning fork,
which has been used as an useful force sensor due to
its high stiffness and dynamic oscillation property in
scanning probe microscopy (SPM) such as near field
scanning optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM). This technique is expected to study the
low temperature micro state effect of macroscopic
object in air.
I09-09

POSTER TUESDAY

Development of TR (translation-rotation) Holders

for Advanced HVEM: S.Y. Lee1, D.R. Kim1, J.M.
Lee1, H.S. Kim1, M.H. Kook1, G.H. Kim1, S.B. Youn1,
J.-M. Jeong2, S.-G. Lee2 and Y.-J. Kim2; 1Division of
Instrument Development, Korea Basic Science
Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 2Division of
Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science
Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
In order to take full advantages of the
KBSI-HVEM, which has capabilities of high
penetration (1.3 MV), high resolution (0.12 nm,
point-to-point) and high tilting (60), it is very
desirable to use specimen holders having wide and
precise control of holder tilting or rotation [1].
However, commercially available holders are limited
by the maximum 45 range of holder tilting (double-tilt
holders) or impractical rotation (tilt-rotation holders)
which works only for large and homogeneous samples or
samples lying on the exact rotation axis. We try to
develop a new specimen holder, which has an X-Y
translation function of the specimen grid itself in
addition to rotation of the specimen cup.
I03-20

than 1 nm has not been measured. Here, we present

the mechanical properties of nanometric water with a
spatial resolution less than 0.1nm such as elasticity,
viscosity, and dissipation energy.
I09-08

Use of Laser Scanning Cytometry (lsc) in

Determining Circulating Tumour Cells and
s-phase Fraction and DNA Content in Breast
Cancer Patients: Galbav tefan, Kuliffay Peter and
uboslav Sanisl; St. Elizabeth University of Health
and Social Sciences, Bratislava Institute of Laboratory Methods of Investigation, School of Medicine
Comenius University and St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
The aim of our study was the potential detection of
circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and proliferation rate
in early stage breast cancer patients. Our approach
was cell microfiltration through polycarbonate membrane
as a concentration method suitable for CTC selection
in peripheral blood. The isolated cells on membrane
and cells from fresh, surgicaly removed tumours by
mechanical disintegration and the suspensions were
cytocentrifuged onto miscroscopical slideswere further
analysed by laser scanning cytometry. In node negative cases it can help distinguish patients with higher
risk for distant metastases from those with a lower
risk. Our results showed that the measurement of
CNC, DNA content and S-phase fraction of tumours
by laser scanning cytometry completed by and
correlated with the investigation of tumour markers
and other biological properties of the tumour cells
may be a useful tool in assessing prognosis and
clinical outcome of patients with breast cancer.
I09-10

93

I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and

X-ray Spectrometry
Organized by Hion-Suck Baik, Hiroki Kurata and
Masami Terauchi

POSTER TUESDAY

Iron Particles in the Human Spleen: M. Kopani1,

M. Weis2, J. Dekan3, T. Malek1, J. Jakubovsky1, M.
Miglierini3, J. Mistinova4 and S. Polak5; 1Comenius
University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of pathology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia, 2Department of Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava,
Slovakia, 3Department of Nuclear Physics, Slovak
University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Information Technology, Ilkovicova
3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia, 4Comenius University,
Faculty of Medicine, I. Radiology Clinic, Antolska
11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia, 5Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and
Embryology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava,
Slovakia
Iron is an essential element for fundamental cell
functions, catalyst for chemical reaction, used in
nuclear magnetic resonance. Iron can be found in
human body mainly in the form of ferritin. This
primary, iron storage protein is present in the
cytoplasm of the cells, and in small amounts in the
circulation. Ferritin creates spherical formation with
the size of 12 nm. The core of ferritin is 8 nm big and
consists of ferrihydrite.
I05-09
Observation of Multilayer Structure Using
Spatially Resolved EELS Technology Associated
with a 300kV Cold FE TEM: H. Matsumoto1, T.
Sato1, M. Konno1 and Y. Taniguchi2; 1Hitachi
High-Technologies Corp., 11-1 Ishikawa-cho,
Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-0057, Japan, 2Hitachi
High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka,
Ibaraki, 312-8504, Japan
Recently, we developed a 300 kV HF-3300
transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped
with a field-emission source and equipped with the
spatially resolved EELS technology. In this study, we
report our study results on a multilayer structure
(Si/SiO/SiN/SiO/SiN/SiO)using the spatially resolved EELS technology.
I05-10
Preliminary WDS Analysis of Nuclear Spent Fuels:
H.M. Kwon, Y.S. Yang, J.S. Ju, H.S. Seo, Y.B. Chun
and W.S. Ryu; Korea Atomic Energy Research
Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
305-353, South Korea
Electron beam microanalysis has been applied to
study behavior of many fission products (FPs) inside

94

nuclear spent fuel. FPs give clues about fuel burnup,

fission gas release, RIM width, and so on. Recently,
the Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy (WDS) has
been installed on the shielded SEM at PIE facility of
KAERI. Preliminary tests on it have carried out in
order to analysis gamma ray effect and to determine
optimum beam conditions.
I05-11
Electronic Structures of ZnO: Al Nanowires by
Valence Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy:
Cheng-Yu Wang1, Chuan-Pu Liu1,2, Chang-Lin Kuo1
and S. Ringer3; 1Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan 701, 2Center for Micro/Nano
Technology, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan 701, 3Electron Microscope Unit,
University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
Both energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and valence electron energy loss spectroscopy
in a scanning transmission electron microscopy are
employed to probe the morphology, dopant distribution, concentration and electronic structures of
ZnO:Al nanowires with diameter smaller than 50 nm.
The BF image of an as-grown ZnO:Al nanowire and
the Al elemental mapping are shown in Fig. 1.
Dopant Al seems to distribute uniformly in the wire.
Dopant concentration from different areas, (6a, 6b) in
a wire and from different wires (6, 6a) are measured
along growth and lateral direction, which are shown
in Fig. 2. Dopant concentration is about 1021 1/cm3.
Al concentration fluctuates along the growth
direction, but there exists an Al-rich layer wrapping
wire core. The concentration is lower near the end.
Bandgap threshold arises at 3.10 eV along zone axis
but at 3.04 eV along lateral direction. In the low
EELS region, in addition to the O-2p, O-2s, Zn-3d,
plasmon resonance of ZnO, and interband transitions
are identified, two lower energetic peaks also
discussed and the effects resulted from Al are also
discussed.
I05-12

H2O2 Production of Human Polymorphonuclear

Leukocytes by Allowing Attachment to a Titanium
Plate Observed by Cytochemical Energy-filtering
Transmission Electron Microscopy: K. Moriguchi1,
Y. Takahashi2, Y. Mitamura3, H. Maeda3, T. Kawai2
and N. Ohno1; Departments of 1Anatomy, 2Dental
Materials Science and 3Pathology, School of
Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
The present study examined the influence of Ti
plate on free radicals, hydrogen peroxide and the
production of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte
(PMN). PMN was engulfed by opsonized zymosan
particles (OPZ). When phagocytosis was advanced,
the reaction deposits became distributed in the OPZ
phagosomes of PMN only. On the other hand, PMN
were stimulated by allowing attachment to Ti plate.

Deposit formation was apparent on the free surface

of plasma membranes. By using energy filteringtransmission electron microscopy the same Ce
element showed different site depending on each
stimulus, that is OPZ and Ti plate.
I05-13

M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device

Materials
Organized by Jaepyng Ahn

Quality Verification of InGaN/GaN Laser Diode

Wafer by Spectrometric Full-color Cathodoluminescence Microscopy: Y. Suzuki1, H. Saijo1, J.T.
Hsu2, J.R. Yang3 and M. Shiojiri4; 1School of
Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki
University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama
649-6493, Japan, 2Industrial Technology Research
Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan 310, Republic of China,
3
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106,
Republic of China, 4Professor Emeritus of Kyoto
Institute of Technology, 1-197 Wakiyama, Emmyoji,
Ohyamazaki, Kyoto 618-0091, Japan
Laser diode wafer of InGaN/GaN multiple
quantum wells (MQWs) grown by metalorganic
vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method was tried to
test the quality of layers by Cathodoluminescence
(CL) Microscopy. Our new Spectrometric Full-color
Cathodoluminescence Microscope collects CL
spectra during regular SEM observation and draws
both SEM and CL micrographs immediately after the
image scan. It takes 8 s for 512 512 pixel image
with CL spectra of each pixel point. Specimen used
here is in the development process of blue-cyan color
laser diode. We obtained SEM and corresponding CL
micrographs at four different points of the wafer;
center of the wafer of a diameter 5 cm, 1/3 from the
center, 2/3 from the center and near the outer edge
There are two layers that emit CL: the strong CL is
located on p-GaN layer, and the weak one is from
MQW region. The thickness of GaN layer is almost
the same except the outside 1/4 of the wafer where
CL becomes weak and narrow. Weak CL spectra in
both MQW and p-GaN regions could be related to
the edge effect of gas turbulence during the MOCVD
growth.
M02-10

POSTER TUESDAY

TEM Study of Electric-field Induced Ni Filament

Channels in Polycrystalline NiOx Film: Xiang-Shu
Li, Gyeong-Su Park, Dong-Chul Kim, Myoung-Jae
Lee and Sunae Seo; Samsung Advanced Institute of
Technology, Suwon 440-600, Korea
TEM study of electric-field induced Ni filament
M02-09
channels in polycrystalline NiO film.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of

Tantalum Compacts Prepared by Spark Plasma
Sintering: S. H. Chang, J. C. Choi, S. W. Choi and
I. H. Oh; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
(KITECH), Gwangju Research Center, Korea
Tantalum (Ta) has a melting point of 2996,
density of 16.6cm3 and Group 5A of the periodic
table. Characteristics of Ta have that low temperature
coefficient, specific resistance, good corrosion
resistance [1]. Among various sintering method,
advantages of spark plasma sintering(SPS), compared
to traditional hot pressing (HP) or hot isostatic
pressing (HIP), are technological advantages such as
short processing time, the use of high heating rates,
thereby minimizing grain growth, which leads to
improved mechanical, physical or optical properties
[2, 3]. In this study, the Ta powder was fabricated
using the SPS process depending on sintering
temperature and materials properties such as relative
density, tensile strength were investigated.
M02-11
In-situ TEM Investigation on Nucleation and
Growth Behavior of Si Thin Films: Kyou-Hyun
Kim1, Jin-Ha Whang2 and Jae-Pyoung Ahn1;
1
Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of
Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 2Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik
University, Seoul, Korea
Recently, various transporting technologies of
massive information were reported in order to realize
a ubiquitous application. As many techniques
regarding the transportation of massive information
in mobile communication have been developed, the
advanced displays have been rapidly needed to
express the best image with high quality and high
resolution. For satisfying these needs, a variety of
advanced displays were reported such as plasma
display panels (PDP), liquid crystal displays (LCD),
and so on. Many researchers have made their efforts
on fabricating the thin, cheap, and rapid panels. Thin
film transistor (TFT), indeed, is the one of important
parts to determine the performance of display.
The manufacture of TFT using the Si thin films is
the most typical method. It is well known that the
crystallinity of Si in TFT is the most important one to
determine the performance of TFT backplane. In the
Si-TFT, however, the nucleation and growth
behavior of thin films in TFT was hardly reported to
date. In this study, therefore, we investigated the
nucleation and growth behavior of Si by in-situ
observations using HRTEM coupled with heating
holder.
M02-12

Two-dimensional Dopant Profiling in Semiconductor Devices by Electron Holography and

95

Chemical Etching Delineation Techniques with

the Same Specimen: J.-M. Yang1, U. Shaislamov2,
J.H. Yoo1, H.-S. Seo1, K.-J. Park1, Y.C. Park1, W.-J.

POSTER TUESDAY

Hwang1 and B. Yang2; 1New Technology & Analysis

Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea, 2Department of Information and Nano
Materials Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730-701, Korea
The electron holography and chemical etching
delineation techniques were successfully employed
to assess twodimensional (2D) dopant profiles in
semiconductor devices. The results obtained from
both techniques with the same specimen were
precisely compared and discussed in order to
evaluate the performance limits of these techniques.
It was demonstrated that both techniques are very
effective in obtaining reliable 2D dopant profiles in
nanodevice.
M02-13

Observation of the Dopant Pileup Layer between

Ni-FUSI Metal Gate and SiO2 Dielectrics: Naohiko
Kawasaki1, Naoyuki Sugiyama1, Yuji Otsuka1, Hiroki
Kurata2 and Seiji Isoda2; 1Morphological Research
Laboratory, Toray Research Center Inc., Otsu, Shiga
520-8567, Japan, 2Institute for Chemical Research,
Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Full silicidation (FUSI) gates can control the
threshold voltage of MOS transistor, by the dopants
injection. According to past researches, it was
confirmed by the elemental analysis technique such
as SIMS and Auger profiles that the dopants would
segregate on the interface between gate electrode and
dielectics. However, in these researches, the detailed
pileup position had been uncertain, and the threshold
voltage control mechanism had not been clarified yet.
We now report the result of direct observation of the
dopant pileup using the scanning transmission
electron microscopy (STEM) technique.
M02-14
Characterization of a-Si/c-Si Junctions by
Electron Holography: M. Deguchi1, S. Tanaka2, T.
Tanji2 and Y. Ohshita3; 1Department of Electronics
and 2EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University,
Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan,
3
Toyota Technological Institute, Hisakata, Tempakuku, Nagoya 488-8511, Japan
Electron holography was applied for the characterization of hetero junctions consisting of amorphous
Si and p-type crystalline Si. The structure was
formed by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition,
and is a basic part of hetero junction solar cells.
Wedge- shaped samples were prepared and used for
the observation. Phase profiles similar to that
expected from an ideal pn junction were obtained.
However, some samples showed that there is a
charge accumulated at the interface.
M02-15

96

Microstructural and Textural Characterization in

MgO Thin Film Using HRTEM: Kyou-Hyun Kim1,
Min-Suk Lee2, Jong-Seo Choi3 and Jae-Pyoung Ahn1;
1
Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of
Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 2PDP
Development Team, Samsung SDI, Cheonan, Korea,
3
CRD Materials Laboratory, Samsung SDI, Yongin,
Korea
In order to protect the dielectric layer from
sputtering by ion bombardment in the surface
discharge in plasma display panel (PDP), a protecting
layer should be deposited on the dielectric layer. The
protecting layer also has a high secondary electron
emission coefficient to enhance the performance of
PDP. Generally it is well known that the MgO thin
film is the most suitable candidate for the protecting
layer in PDP. Since the performance of PDP strongly
depends on the characteristics of MgO thin films,
many researchers have concentrated their efforts for
the fabrication of MgO thin films with high
efficiency. However, fundamental and scientific
studies based on the microstructural analysis of MgO
thin films are not investigated yet. In this study,
therefore, we tried to investigate the microstructural
evolution and its effect on the electronic properties
using an analytical TEM (Transmission Electron
Microscopy, FEI Tecnai F20).
M02-16

Formation Processes of Ni-germanide in the

Ni1-xTax/Ge System Studied by Ex Situ and In Situ
Transmission Electron Microscopy: Jae-Wook Lee,
Kwan-Woo Song, Jee-Hwan Bae, Min-Ho Park,
Han-Byul Kang and Cheol-Woong Yang; School of
Advanced Materials Science & Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South
Korea
Ge MOSFET has been considered as one of the
promising devices for future high-speed CMOS
technology due to higher carrier mobility than Si.
However, the NiGe shows a poorer thermal stability
than NiSi. It has been reported that the thermal
stability of Ni-germanide improved through the
addition of an alloying element. In this study, the
formation and morphological evolution of germanide
formed from the Ni1-xTax/Ge system as a function of
temperature was investigated by ex situ and in situ
annealing. And phases formed by reaction were
identified by HR-TEM micrographs and STEM/EDS
techniques.
M02-17

Thermal Stress Induced Time Dependent

Configuration Variation of Damascene Lines: Suk
Hoon Kang1, Seul-Cham Kim1, Kyu Hwan Oh1,
Woong Ho Bang2, Liangshan Chen2 and Choong-Un
Kim2; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku

The Study of Environmental Effects at Bonding

Interface between Cu Wire and Al Pad: Eun Kyu
Her1, Seul-Cham Kim1, Kyu Hwan Oh1, Jong Soo
Cho2 and Jeong Tak Moon2; 1School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Seoul National University,
56-1 Shillim- Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of
Korea 151-742, 2MK electron, 316-2 Geumeo-ri
Pogok-myeon Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do
Cu wires were bonded to Al pads of Quad Flat
Package type with thermosonic bonding method. To
confirm the reliability, pressure cooker test (PCT) at
the condition of 121, 2 atm and 100% RH
(Relative Humidity) were respectively operated. The
test time was ranged from 96 hour to 168 hour. After
PCT, Al oxide layer formed along bonding interface
and it induce high contact resistance. EDS analysis
was performed to investigate to composition ratio of
each element at the IMC layer. To prevent Al oxide
layer, pre heat treatment (to accelerate a diffusion
rate between Cu wire and Al pad) performed at
200, 24 hour.
M02-19
Effect of Fluorine Incorporation on the MOSFET
Device and the Characteristic Bonding of Fluorine
in Al2O3: Ih-Ho Park1, Sung-Il Baik1, Woong-Pyo
Hong1, S.W. Kim2, G.Y. Yeom2 and Young-Woon
Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and

Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu

Silim-dong San 56-1, Seoul, Korea 151-744,
2
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering,
SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Korea
Recently, many researches are being reported
about high K materials such as HfO2, ZrO2, Al2O3.
Since it provides benefits of electrical performance,
including higher dielectric constant and the higher
current drive ability. Despite of the advantages, there
are problems needed to solved, such as interface trap
charges, capacitance frequency dispersion. Fluorine
injection on the gate dielectrics was reported as one
of the solutions that can improves the electrical
characteristics with lower leakage current and the
higher capacitance. Few researches, however, were
reported about the mechanism of how fluorine gas
was incorporated and improved the performance in
high k materials. In our present work, we studied the
effects of fluorine incorporation in Al2O3 and
reported the bonding mechanism of fluorine.
M02-20

POSTER TUESDAY

Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea, 2The University of

Texas at Arlington, Texas 76019
Recently, many studies have made for the introduction
of porosity to the dielectric thin films because it
lowers the dielectric constant of thin film even more.
The stability of pores is becoming of critical question
as it affects the properties related to reliability of
interconnect structure. It is common assumption that
the pores in low-k dielectrics are stable over
processes. However, our investigation finds that
pores are not necessarily stable and undergoes active
reconfiguration when they are subjected to thermal
stress. In this study, thermal stability of low-k
material is intensively investigated by TEM observation
and FEM simulation. As manufactured Cu lines are
separated by methylsilsesquioxane (MSSQ) based
porous low-k dielectrics and surrounded by
SiN-based dielectric capping layers on top and
bottom. Severe thermal stresses are produced inside
interconnect during the isothermal annealing at
400, because Cu, low-k and SiN have different
elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient.
This stress causes the time dependent configuration
variation, annealing of damascene Cu lines for 14hr
gives rise to gathering of pores at the inside corner of
low-k and this open structure grows into a big air gap
by further annealing. This result is compatible with
FEM simulation, permanent configuration change of
Cu is also understood by creep analysis.
M02-18

Crystalline Defect Analysis of Semiconductor

Devices using STEM 3D Rotation Imaging Technique:
Soon Joo Lee; Research and Development Division,
Hynix Semiconductor Inc.
We report the results of STEM 3D rotation
imaging technique to analyze the crystalline defect
due to the dielectric material. TEM samples were
prepared at specific fail points by focused ion beam
(FIB) technique [1] and dislocations were observed
with an abnormal diffraction contrast by TEM (Fig.
1). The existence of dislocations on the edge of field
oxide couldnt explain the leakage failure mechanism.
Therefore we tried to analyze the abnormal
diffraction contrast beneath the gate. But it was
difficult to figure out whether it was a crystalline
defect or not in 2D images. In order to confirm we
made pillar type TEM samples for 3D images [2].
The diffraction contrast was revealed a screw
dislocation connecting bottom dislocation with the
zgate (Fig. 2). This technique is effective to understand failure mechanisms in semiconductor devices.
M02-21

HAADF STEM Tomography Analysis of Phase

Change Memory: Shen-Chuan Lo1,2, Ming-Wei Lai1,
Hiroki Kurata4, Shi-ri Lee1, Chien-Min Lee3,
Der-Sheng Chao3 and Seiji Isoda4; 1Material and
Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology
Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 2Nanotechnology Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 3Electronics and
Opto-Electronics Research Laboratories, Industrial
Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan,
4
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan

97

POSTER TUESDAY

Owing to the distinctive features associated with

nonvolatility, high speed, low power, scalability, and
low cost, phase change memory (PCM) has been
considered as the most promising alternative for the
next generation of nonvolatile semiconductor
memory. In this study, HAADF STEM tomography
evaluates the failure mechanism of PCM structure. A
JEOL JEM-2200FS electron microscope equipped
with Gatan digiscan camera and omega filter was
used. The series of 61 images were recorded at tilt
angles ranging from +60o to -60o in a 2o step with
manual controlled function. The tilt series alignment
and 3D reconstruction were done with program
developed by JEOL System Technology Co., Ltd.
Finally, commercial AmiraTM software was used for
3D model visualization. The detail failure analysis
results combine with EELS and tomography
techniques will be presented in this conference.
M02-22
Convergence of Microscopy Techniques for
Nanoscale Structural Characterization: an
Illustration with the Study of AlInN: A. Mouti1, S.
Hasanovic1, M. Cantoni1, E. Feltin2, N. Grandjean2
and P. Stadelmann1; 1Centre Interdisciplinaire de
Microscopie Electronique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2LASPE-IPEQ-SB, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
AlInN is a wide band gap group III nitride alloy, it
is gaining interest nowadays because of its ability to
be lattice matched to GaN, thus reducing defect
creation. Recent research [1] has allowed the growth
of good quality AlInN/GaN heterostructures on
sapphire. However, AlInN is quite a complex alloy to
grow and characterize, partly because of the high
difference in ionic radii between Aluminum and
Indium. The high dislocation density inherited from
the lattice mismatch between GaN and Sapphire adds
considerable complexity. Therefore, many physical
phenomena can occur in this alloy, making it an
interesting material for the microscopist.
M02-23

M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain

boundaries
Organized by Sang Ho Oh
TEM Study of the Nature of Dislocations in
Interfaces between Si Wafers with Hybrid Crystal
Orientation: V.I. Vdovin1 and N.D. Zakharov2;
1
Institute for Chemical Problems of Microelectronics,
Moscow, Russia., 2Max-Planck-Institut fr Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany

98

We present experimental data describing the

dislocation structure in WB compositions with hybrid
crystal orientation: Si(001)-on-Si(110) and Si(110)on-Si(001). The samples were fabricated by direct
WB of 200 mm wafers using native oxide surface
layers and heat treatments in the temperature range
C.1150-1200 The compositions studied consist of
thin (130 - 140 nm) strained layer and thick handle
wafer. Structural characterization of the samples was
performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
and Nomarski optical microscopy. The aim of our
studies is to elucidate the nature of interfacial
dislocations and dislocation generation mechanisms.
We found that the specific electron microscopic
contrast in the form of unidirectional dark lines is
related to the dislocations but it is rather not just a
contrast from the dislocations. The excess of intrinsic
point defects close to the interface can lead, at the
initial stages of dislocation generation, to the nucleation
of dislocation loops, for example, in a form of greatly
extended dipoles.
M03-12
Synthesis of Carbon Nano-materials by Catalytic
Combustion Technique: Maofa Wang, Xiaoping
Zou, Jin Cheng, Hongdan Zhang, Fei Li, Pengfei Ren
and Guang Zhu; Research Center for Sensor
Technology, Beijing Information Technology Institute,
Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing, 100101,
China
This paper reports the preparation of Quasi-onedimensional nano-structured materials by catalytic
combustion process.
M03-13

Evaluation of a Fretting Wear Mechanism by

Wear Scar Analysis: Young-Ho Lee and Hyung-Kyu
Kim; Innovative Nuclear Fuel Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045, Daedeokdaero,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Korea
Fretting wear is defined as surface damage caused
by very small relative movement between contact
surfaces. Generally, it is difficult to evaluate this
degradation mechanism because the contact surfaces
are always hidden during the fretting wear tests. So,
the observation and analysis of the worn area,
generated debris should be performed by using an
optical microscope, SEM, etc. in order to verify the
wear behaviors (i.e. abrasive, adhesive, corrosive,
fatigue, etc.).
M03-14

HRTEM Study on Misfit Dislocation Cores at the

AlSb/GaAs Interface: C. Wen, W. Wan, F.H. Li,
Z.H. Li, J.M. Zhou and H. Chen; Beijing National
Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100190, China
M03-15

Microstructure Study of a Triple Junction in

Nanocrystalline Pd: Y.C. Wang, D.H. Ping and D.X.
Li; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials
Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72#, Shenyang
110016, PR China
A HR image of a triple junction in nanocrystalline
Pd viewed along the [110] direction has been
obtained. The triple junction is identified to be
constructed by three ordered GBs, a =11 (113) GB,
a distorted twin boundary and a coherent (111)/(112)
boundary. Molecular statics calculation was used to
address the atomic configuration of the triple
junction. A direct match between the simulated
image of the triple junction and experimental image
is made. A good match between them illustrates that
the calculated configuration can describe the
observed structure of triple junction most ideally.
MT03-17

Interfacial Structures of Pt/SrTiO3 (111) Investigated

by Using Cs-corrected STEM: Ju Hyung Suh1, Kim
Young Gi1, Lee Bong Ho1 and Chan Gyung Park1,2;
1
National Center for Nanomaterials Technology
(NCNT), POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk,
Korea, 2Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering,
POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea
The optimized surface termination of SrTiO3 (111)
substrates was investigated and the effects of the
terminated SrTiO3 (111) substrate on the growth
characteristics of epitaxial Pt films were evaluated. It
was found that etching in buffered HF (BOE)
solution for 2min provides a stable etching condition
for SrTiO3 (111) substrates and that etching is an
important factor for the formation of terrace structures.
Epitaxial Pt (111) thin films were successfully grown on
well-defined terrace surface of STO (111) by using
ion beam sputtering. Pt film grown on as-received
STO showed some unknown diffraction spots
representing the deteriorated epitaxy quality, however, had larger grain size than Pt film on terrace
formed STO. This deterioration of 2D growth characteristic of Pt film on terrace formed STO seemed to
be caused by oxygen deficiency after annealing and
reduction of Wad (work of adhesion) of terrace
formed STO. By using Cs-corrected STEM (JEM-2100F),
we successfully observed HAADF and nano-scale
line scan EELS at the interface. In Pt arrangement on
fcc sites, sufficient Ti can be found at the interface.
However, Ti EELS signal in Pt arrangement on hcp
sites cannot be observed. Therefore, fcc and hcp
arrangement of Pt atoms must be formed on district
Ti and SrO3 terminated surface, respectively. It was
considered that the restricted Pt arrangement resulted
from the change of Wad value with respect to the
variation of surface termination.
MT03-18

POSTER TUESDAY

The Effect of Annealing Conditions on the

Behavior of Surface Selective Oxidation in
Dual-Phase Steels: Kwang Soo Shin1, Shin Hwa
Park1, Ki Hwan Kim1, Hyeog Dae Kwun1, Jae Nam
Kim1, Sun-Ho Jeon2 and Dae-Chul Bae2; 1Characterization and Analysis Department, Research Institute
of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST),
Pohang 790-330, Republic of Korea, 2POSCO
Technical Research Laboratories, Gwangyang, 545090, Korea
The selective oxidation in surface region is
generally believed to play an important role in the
coating performance of especially advanced high
strength steels alloyed with easily oxidized elements
of Si, Mn, Al, etc. Its characterization can be
performed by a combination of electron microscopy
and surface analyses techniques of which the
purposes are to probe the surface chemistry and
morphology prior to dipping in detail. In this
presentation, the influence of annealing conditions
including temperatures and dew points on the
behavior of surface oxidation has been studied in
dual-phase steels alloyed with Si and Mn by a
combination of FE SEM, FE TEM, FE SAM, XPS,
and FT IR analytical techniques. The samples used in
this study were prepared in experimental laboratory,
having several kinds of variation of Si and Mn
alloying elements. Vacuum melted materials were
hot rolled and annealed by simulators in laboratory
scale. The surface morphology was analyzed using
FE SEM, and the local microstructure and elemental
distribution using FE TEM for the cross-sections
prepared by FIB. The chemical states of surface
selective oxidation were examined by FT IR, XPS,
and FE SAM. The comprehensive analyses and
interpretation of the chemistry and morphology can
lead to understanding the behavior of the selective
oxidation in surface region in more detail. M03-16

Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Analyses of

HfO2 Dielectric Films on Strained and Relaxed
Epitaxial-SiGe/Si Substrates: Ji-Hwan Kwon1,
Jiyoung Jang1, Tae Joo Park1,2, Jae Hyuck Jang1,
Cheol Seong Hwang1,2 and Miyoung Kim1;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea,
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
In this investigation, HfO2 thin films were
deposited on strained and strain-relaxed epitaxial-SiGe/Si
substrates, and subsequently subjected to annealing.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy analysis was used
to investigate the electronic structure and
composition of the film as well as the interfacial
layer (IL). While the energy loss function of the
dielectric films revealed predominant Si diffusion in
the strained substrates, post deposition annealing
(PDA) significantly influenced the diffusion and

99

altered the local composition of the IL in

strain-relaxed substrates. Analysis of electronic
structures revealed the origin of significant loss of Ge
atoms at the IL during PDA.
M03-19

POSTER TUESDAY

AEM Study on the Interfacial Reaction Layers

between Sn-0.7wt.%Cu Solder and Electroless
Ni-P Plated Cu Substrate: J.H. Bae1, S.E. Lee1,
K.W. Song1, J.Y. Lee1, J.S. Ju2 and C.W. Yang1;
1
School of Advanced Materials Science &
Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon
440-746, South Korea, 2Cooperative Center for
Research Facilities, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon 440-746, South Korea
We investigated intermetallic compounds (IMCs)
and additional layers (ternary Ni-Sn-P and P-rich Ni
layer) between Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder and eletroless
Ni-P plated Cu substrate using analytical electron
microscopy (AEM). From the nano beam electron
diffraction (NBED) patterns, it confirmed that (Cu,
Ni)6Sn5 was formed at IMC layer, which is the most
common IMC in the Sn-Cu system. The dominant
phase of P-rich Ni layer was Ni3P. In addition, the
ternary NI-Sn-P layer, which is generally recognized
as the layer between the interfacial IMC and the
P-rich Ni layers, was not observed between the
interfacial IMC and P-rich Ni layers.
M03-20

TEM Study of Spontaneous Two Phases Distribution

in ZrNxOy Thin Films: Yee-Lang Liu, Jia-Hong
Huang, Fu-Rong Chen and Ji-Jung Kai; Department
of Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua
University, 101 Kuang Fu Road, Section 2, Hsinchu
300, Taiwan
TEM microstructure study was performed on a
ZrNxOy thin film being phase separated to ZrN and
ZrO2. Using high resolution and MCDF technique on
plan-view specimens, it is found that ZrO2 grains do
not surround a single ZrN grain in our specimen;
instead, ZrO2 grain clusters are dispersed between
ZrN grain clusters. The ZrNxOy thin film possesses
columnar structure with alternate columns of ZrN
and ZrO2, indicating that the segregation of the
oxygen atoms may be inter-columnar with a lateral
diffusion distance less than 20 nm.
M03-21

Atomic Resolution HAADF-STEM Analysis of

Epitaxially Grown Layered Double Perovskites
La2CuSnO6: M. Haruta, H. Komatsu, H. Kurata, M.
Azuma, Y. Shimakawa and S. Isoda; Institute for
Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto
611-0011, Japan
In this study, structural observation of double
perovskites oxide La2CuSnO6 was performed by

100

using high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)

imaging with a scanning transmission electron
microscope (STEM). The layered double perovskites
LaCuSnO films were grown heteroepitaxially on
SrTiO substrates by a pulsed laser deposition
technique. As a result of HAADF-STEM observation,
there are some irregular structures near steps on the
substrate surface. Therefore, these observations
demonstrate that the existence of steps severely
affects the growth of La2CuSnO6 thin film. M03-22
Monoclinic Li2MnO3 Phase with Stacking Faults
in Oxygen-Deficient Li-Mn-O System: He Zheng1,
Jianbo Wang1, Zhongling Xu1, Yi Xiong1, Renhui
Wang1, Jianian Gui1 and Xiaoqing Yang2;
1
Department of Physics and Center for Electron
Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China, 2Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY
11973, USA
SAED, DF and HRTEM analyses have proved the
existence of monoclinic Li2MnO3 (SG: C2/m) with
120o rotational stacking faults in the powder of
Li1.07Mn1.93O4- cathode materials for lithium battery.
The XRD simulation of Li2MnO3 by DIFFaX
program shows that the characteristic reflections will
become more and more broadened with the
increasing degree of stacking disordering, indicating
the limitation of XRD as bulk technique to detect the
presence of the monoclinic phase with disordering.
Moreover, selective peak asymmetry appears when
the stacking sequence becomes extremely disordered.
Further SAED and neutron diffraction calculation
analysis enables better understanding of the similar
ambiguity among other structurally related cathode
materials for battery (e.g., LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2, LiNi1/3
Co1/3Mn1/3O2).
MT03-23

M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels

Organized by Keesam Shin
Research on the Microstucture and Phase Structrue
of High Speed Steel with in situ Autogenous
Vanadium Carbide: Li Yan1, Wei Shi-zhong1, Zhang
Wan-hon2 and Long Rui2; 1Mat. Sci. & Eng. College,
Henan University of Science and Technology,
liyan@mail.haust.edu.cn, Luoyang 471003, China,
2
Henan Engineering Research Center for Wear of
Material, Luoyang 471003, China
The microstructure and phase structure of high
vanadium high speed steel were analyzed by
high-resolution transmission electron microscope and
X-ray energy-dispersive spectrograph. The results
show that the carbides in this kind of steel are mainly
vanadium carbides; in addition, a little of complex
carbides of chromium and molybdenum, M7C3 and

dispersedly distributed nanophase carbides, M23C6.

The matrix of high vanadium high speed steel
consists of martensite and residual austenite. Residual
austenite mostly exists between the periphery of
vanadium carbides and martensite strip, and the
conherent and semi-coherent relationship exist
between vanadium carbide and the interface of
matrix.
M04-19

Lorentz TEM Study of the ' Phase Induced by

Deformation in General-purpose SUS304 Stainless
Steel: S. Mori1, K. Yoshidome1, M. Hatano2 and A.
Takahashi2; 1Department of Materials Science, Osaka
Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan.
2
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation,
Hikari, Yamaguchi 743-8550, Japan
Changes of ferromagnetic (FM) microstructures in
La0.825Sr0.175MnO3 with respect to the temperature
were investigated by low-temperature Lorentz TEM.
It was found that drastic change of FM domain
structures took place during the rhombohedral to
orthorhombic structural transition. In addition,
changes of the FM domains by substituting nonmagnetic Al3+ ion for Mn3+ one were also examined
in La0.825Sr0.175MnO3. It was revealed that partial
substitution of non-magnetic Al3+ ion induced
random distribution of the FM domain structures and
gives rise to some anomalous properties such as the
sudden increase of the resistitvity in the metallic
phase.
M04-21
Microstructure of Acicular Ferrite in High
Strength Weld Deposit: Ka Hee Kim1, Chi Won
Ahn1, Jun-Mo Yang1, Wook-Jung Hwang1 and Hee
Jin Kim2; 1Advanced Technology Center for
Information Electronic Materials and Components,
National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea,

Reliability Assessment Center for Metallic Materials,

Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chon An,
330-825, Korea
The evolution of microstructure in the welded
deposit during arc welding of low carbon steels has
been studied as a function of cooling rate of ferrous
welding materials. In this study, welding experiment
was carried out with three different cooling rates.
Various types of ferrite phases including primary
ferrite, side-plate ferrite and acicular ferrite formed in
welded regions. The volume fraction of acicular
ferrite was increased by applying a faster cooling rate
to the welding materials. The effective grain size and
texture of acicular ferrite were determined by
electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) equipped
on FE-SEM. The present study shows that EBSD is a
very accurate and easy to use means of measuring the
effective grain size of acicular ferrite. Effective grain
size of acicular ferrite increases as cooling rate
decreases. And in all cases 2-4 highly misoriented
texture components were found with each former
austenite grain. These texture components are highly
misoriented.
M04-22

POSTER TUESDAY

Characterization of Fatigue Behavior

and
Microstructure for Cu-based Glass-forming
Metallic Thin Film Deposited on Structural
Substrates: Rong Tan Huang1, Zhe Zhi Liang1 and
Jinn P. Chu2; 1Institute of Materials Engineering,
National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224,
Taiwan, 2Department of Polymer Engineering,
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
The glass-forming metal films, Cu51Zr24Hf18Ti7
and Cu31Zr47Al13Ni9 (atomic percent, at.%),
deposited respectively on the two substrates of 316L
and Ni-based alloy using magnetron sputtering, have
been investigated by using high resolution transmission
electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with nanobeam
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The
as-deposited specimens were first proceeded fatigue
test.
M04-20

Precipitation Sequence in a Cu-Ni-Be Alloy: C.

Watanabe and R. Monzen; Division of Innovative
Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,
Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
The precipitation sequence in a Cu-1.9wt%
Ni-0.3wt%Be alloy has been studied by highresolution transmission electron microscopy. The
precipitation sequence found is: G.P. zones
gamma" gamma' gamma. The G.P. zones
consist of monolayer of Be atoms on the {100}alpha
planes. The metastable gamma" and gamma' phases
and stable gamma phase are composed of alternative
Be and Ni layers parallel to {100}alpha and aligns
with the matrix according to the Bain orientation
relationship. The gamma" phase consisting of two to
eight Be-layers is body-centered tetragonal. The
gamma' or gamma phase is bct with a=b=0.24nm and
c=0.26nm or a=b=0.26nm and c=0.27nm.
M04-23
Analytical Characterization of the Discolored Surface
Region near Weld Joint in Electropolished 316L
Stainless Steel Tubes for Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications: Ki Jung Hong1, Hyeog Dae
Kwun1, Ki Hwan Kim1, Yoon Huh1 and Shin Hwa
Park1; 1Characterization and Analysis Department,
Research Institute of Industrial Science and
Technology (RIST), Pohang 790-330, Korea
In semiconductor manufacturing process, it is very
important to distribute the high purity gas from the
source gas container to the semiconductor manufacturing facilities without any contamination. In
order to satisfy this critical requirement, electropolished 316L stainless steel has become the industry

101

POSTER TUESDAY

standard due to its superior corrosion resistance and

the passivation layer formed by the electropolishing.
However, tubes usually need to be welded and this
often leads to discoloration in the heat-affected zone
(HAZ), which might lead to unexpected early
corrosion problem. In this study, electropolished
316L tube specimens from various steel makers with
different compositions were welded under the same
conditions, and the discoloration characterics were
compared with each other. The chemical
compositions and thickness of the discoloration in
the HAZ and a clean reference area were analyzed by
Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. FE-TEM
analysis was also carried out for the direct
cross-sectional observation of the passivation layer.
Specimens for TEM were prepared using focused ion
beam (FIB) milling to preserve the outermost
passivation layer.
M04-24
Micro-lamellar Structure in Hydrogen Storage
Mg-Ni Alloys: A. Ono1, H. Saitoh2, S. Ohnuki1 and N.
Hashimoto1; 1Graduate School of Engineering,
Hokkaido University, N-13, W-8, Sapporo 060-8278,
Japan, 2Department of Materials Physics, Muroran
Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan
Micro-nano structure of Mg2Ni compound has an
important role as a catalyst for the hydrogenation in
Mg alloys. In this study crystal characterization was
surveyed by means of a cross-cut polishing method
and EBSD analysis, as well as the hydrogenation
properties. The hydrogenation was strongly depended
on heat-treatment; the absorption capacity was larger
in as-cast than in annealed condition. Microanalysis
revealed that Mg grains were covered with fine
Mg2Ni compound, which was submicron-lamellar
structure, and the size of grains increased with
additional annealing. Those results indicate that the
submicron-lamellar structure would be important for
the catalytic properties and hydrogen diffusion.
M04-25
Influence of Nitrogen on Fatigue Properties of a
High-Speed Steel: T. Mitani1, T. Hasegawa2, T.
Terazawa2, C. Watanabe2 and R. Monzen2; 1Machine
& Cutting Tool Division NACHI-FUJIKOSHI
CORP., Fujikoshihonmachi, Toyama, 930-8511
Japan, 2Division of Mechanical Science and
Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi,
Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, 21 Division of
Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192,
Japan
Influence of nitrogen (N) on the fatigue properties
of a W-Mo type high-speed steel was metallographically investigated by ultra-sonic fatigue tests.
The fatigue strength of the steel with 400 ppm N was

102

lower than that of the steel with 40 ppm N. The

fracture origin of the high-N steel was coarse MC
carbides, and that of the low-N steel was large
aggregates, consisting of two or three M6CMC
carbides. In the low-N steel, a crack propagated
between two voids in adjacent two M6CMC carbides, while in the high-N steel, cracking was initiated from voids in coarse MC carbides.
M04-26
Deformation Structure of Steel 40 Under Shock
Loading: Q.H. Lu 1, T.G. Tang2, S.J. Wang1, Y.B.
Xu1 and M.L. Sui 1; 1Shenyang National Laboratory
for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016,
China, 2Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation
Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese
Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang
621900Sichuan, China
Steel 40 was shock-loaded by the explosive
collapse of a thick-walled cylinder (TWC) method.
The microstructure characters of the post-shock
samples were investigated by SEM and TEM.
According to our observation, shear bands appeared
near the central whole of our sample. Pearlite
lamellae intersection and breaks were seen in shear
band. The uniform deformation was carried by
dislocations and lead to the elongation of grains
along the radial direction.
M04-27
Low-cycle Fatigue and Dislocation Structure of
Al-Mg Alloy with Sc at Elevated Temperature: Y.
Ishino1, C. Watanabe2 and R. Monzen2; 1Division of
Mechanical Science and Engineering, Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192,
Japan, 2Division of Innovative Technology and
Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi,
Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
A polycrystalline Al-1wt%Mg-0.27wt%Sc alloy
bearing Al3Sc particles with different sizes was
cyclically deformed at 423K under various constant
plastic-strain amplitudes, and the microstructural
evolution was investigated in relation to the
stress-strain response. The specimens with large
particles show a cyclic hardening to saturation, while
the small-particle specimens show a cyclic softening
following initial hardening. The small-particle
specimens, in which the cyclic softening occurred,
exhibited clearly developed slip bands. The cyclic
softening can be explained by a loss of particle
strength through particle redissolution within
strongly slip bands.
M04-28
The Crystallography of Continuous Precipitates
with Pitsch-Schrader Orientation Relationship in
an Mg-Al based Alloy: Jiaping Zhou1, Dongshan
Zhao1, Ou Zheng1, Jianbo Wang1, Renhui Wang1 and

Jianian Gui1; 1Department of Physics and Center for

Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan
430072,China
The existence of the Pitsch-Schrader OR including
the selection of the habit plane in Mg-Al system has
been rationalized by the constrained coincidence site
lattice/constrained complete pattern shift lattice
(CCSL/CDSCL) model and the O-lattice theory. The
interface structure between the Mg17Al12 phase and
the Mg matrix has been interpreted by theory. In
addition, the near Crawley OR and the near
Gjnnes-stmoe OR in Mg-Al system have been
interpreted from the Pitsch-Schrader OR by quasi
invariant line models.
M04-29

Effect of Boron on Long-Term Aging Characteristics

of 9Cr Steel: Kukcheol Kim1, Byunghoon Kim1,
Minsoo Kim1 and Dongsoo Kim1; 1Materials Technology Development Team, Materials Development
Center, Corporate R & D Institute, Doosan Heavy
Industries & Construction, 555 Gwigok-Dong,
Changwon, Gyeongnam, 641-792, Korea
Due to its high creep rupture strength, 9~12% Cr
steel has been a widely used material for ultra super
critical (USC) turbine applications. Bucket materials for use in a USC turbine also requires excellent
long-term aging properties and phase stability to
prevent degradation at high temperatures. In this
paper, the material COST B2 (9Cr1.5MoVB) containing boron was considered, as it is well known that
Boron is a key element in maintaining strength at
high temperature. To investigate the effect of boron
on long-term aging characteristics, two different
materials based on COST B2 with a boron content of
30ppm and 100ppm were manufactured and denoted
as BE and BAM respectively. To evaluate phase
stability with boron content at high temperature,
these materials were isothermally heat treated at 600,
650 and 700 for 10,000hrs and comparisons were
made for tensile strength, impact properties, microstructure and carbide distribution. Embrittlement of
BE steel at 700 aging and the increase of FATT
for both steels appears to be due to the increase in

In-situ TEM Observation of the Precipitates in

MAFE Steel Strengthened by Nano-Sized Copper
Sulfide: Tae-Hwan Kim1, Won-Jin Moon1,
Byung-Gyu Park1, Jin-Gyu Kim2, Youn-Joong Kim2,
Young-Ha Kim3 and Moon-Hi Hong3; 1Gwangju
Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea,
2
Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Yeo-eun dong,
Yu-sung gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea, 3Automotive
Steel Technology Development Group, Surface
Treatment Department, POSCO Gwangyang Works,
700 Gumho-dong, Gwangyang-si, Jeonnam 545-711,
Korea
This study was forced to identify precipitates of
MAFE and to investigate thermal behavior of
precipitates of MAFE and IF steels during in-situ
heating and cooling.
M04-32

POSTER TUESDAY

Failure Analysis of a Stainless Steel Component

Using the EBSD Technique: H S Ubhi, D Goran
and A Gholinia; Oxford Instruments HKL, Hobro,
DK 9500 Denmark
Failure analysis of materials during manufacture
and in service provides a valuable insight into
material behaviour and an understanding of this can
lead to solutions that minimise risk of costly failures.
This presentation will illustrate the use of the EBSD
technique to investigate the causes of failure related
to changes in local texture and strain distributions in
a stainless steel component
M04-30

coarseness of M23C6 carbide and the reduction of

the dislocation density by recovery.
M04-31

Delta Ferrite Effect on Continuous Casting of

AISI 304 Stainless Steel: Jung Han Kim1, Seul
Cham Kim1, Do Hyun Kim1, Tae-Hong Ahn1, Heung
Nam Han1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National
University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul,
Korea
In this presentation, we analyzed as-cast AISI 304
stainless steel through Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) and Electron Back Scattered Microscopy
(EBSD). The microstructures can be varied with
retained delta ferrite morphology, the ratio of Cr and
Ni equivalents and the volume fraction of delta
ferrite. Mechanical properties of delta ferritic AISI
304 stainless steel were analyzed by Nano Indentation.
The nano-hardness measurements revealed that
nano-hardness of delta ferrite was lower than that of
austenite.
M04-33
The Texture Investigation on Tantalum Sputtering
Target: Eusun Yu1, Jung Han Kim1, Hee-Suk Chung1,
Seul Cham Kim1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro
599, Seoul, Korea
This presentation, we report the texture investigation on tantalum sputtering target, which is made
via Electron-beam melting (EBM) and rolling
process. EBM is the most appropriate technique to
produce high-purity tantalum owing to its enhanced
refining capability. The texture analysis on tantalum
target was achieved with Electron Backscattered
Diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
Through obtained experimental data, we confirmed

103

that the texture of tantalum target was changed from

alpha to gamma after recrystallization.
M04-34

POSTER TUESDAY

In-situ Observation of Crystallization Behavior in

Amorphous Electroless Ni-P Deposits: H.B. Kang1,
S.E. Lee1, J.Y. Lee1, J.H. Lee,1 J.S. Ju2, J.H. Song2
Y.S. Yoo2 and C.W. Yang1; 1School of Advanced
Materials Sci. & Eng. and Center for Nanotubes &
Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon 440-746, Korea, 2Cooperative Center for
Research Facilities, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon 440-746, Korea
This study examined the crystallization behavior of
electroless Ni-P (EN-P) deposits containing 15
at. %P. In order to obtain a better understanding of
the crystallization process in amorphous alloys, a
direct observation of the process was carried out
using in-situ transmission electron microscopy
observations. The Ni-P crystallization begins when
the temperature is kept constant at 250 for 2 min.
NBED analysis confirmed that the crystallized EN-P
deposit was a mixture of Ni3P, Ni12P5, Ni5P2 and Ni.
Indeed, the dominantly crystalline phase of the EN-P
deposit was Ni3P, respectively.
M04-35

In-situ Observation of Deformation Twin in

TWIP Steel Using TEM: Sung-Il Baik1, Tae-Young
Ahn1, Woong-Pyo Hong1, Yeon-Seung Jung2,
Young-Kook Lee2 and Young-Woon Kim1;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu Silimdong,
San 56-1 Seoul, Korea 151-744, 2Department of
Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, Shinchondong 134, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
Fe-Mn twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels
have attracted research attention due to its high
strength and exceptional plasticity. In this study, the
generation of mechanical twin was observed by
in-situ tensile test in TEM and the effect of SFE was
discussed linked with the measured SFE. From
in-situ tensile experiments in TEM, planar glide
occurred at the initial stage and formed stacking
faults and twins with further strain. These movements of
dislocation and twin generation were affected by the
weight percent of Mn contents. Lowering of SFE
with reduction of Mn contents lead to formation of
epsilon phase.
M04-36

Microstructures of Steels Fabricated by High

Pressure Heat Treatment: Seul Cham Kim1,
Jun-Yun Kang1, Sang Hoon Lee1, Hu-Chul Lee1,
Heung Nam Han1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599,
Seoul, Korea

104

We describe some characteristic features of the

microstructures of steels fabricated high pressure
heat treatment. The features show new findings of
the effects of high pressure on transformation (
transformation) in steels. In addition, we introduce
results on the kinetics of the transformation,
which is delayed by high pressure heat treatment
M04-37
Electron Microscopy Study of Transformation
in a Metastable Titanium Alloy: Sung-Hwan Kim
and Hu-Chul Lee; Department of Materials Science
& Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
The precipitation of omega and alpha phases by
aging a metastable Titanium alloy was observed by
high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
The omega precipitates formed are shown to behave
as nucleation sites for a fine alpha phase particle
leading to a final stable beta + alpha phases alloy.
M04-38
Strategy for the Application of Electron Backscatter
Diffraction to the Study on Recrystallization: J.-Y.
Kang1, D.-I. Kim2, H.N. Han1, K.H. Oh1 and H.-C.
Lee1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2Korea Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Wolsongil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul
136-791, Korea
Recrystallization in metal sheets is one of the
research areas which adopt electron backscatter
diffraction techniques most actively. As there has
been a large demand especially from automotive
industries, this topic is being investigated thoroughly
in a number of related issues. The most critical one is
the development of recrystallization texture which is
relevant to all other issues from plastic deformation
to annealing processes. This work illustrates a
systematic methodology for the application of
orientation mapping to the study on recrystallization
texture development.
M04-39
Nano-micro Characterization of Austenitic ODS
Steels with Irradiation Resistance: M. Watanabe, S.
Ohnuki, N. Hashimoto, S. Yamashita1 T. Ohtsuka1
and N. Akasaka1; Graduate School of Engineering,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8278, Japan,
1
Oarai Research Center, JAEA, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan
An oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) austenitic
steel was produced by mechanical alloying (MA)
with Y2O3 followed by heat treatment for the
purpose of application to fast and fusion reactor
component material with high corrosion and heat
resistance. The dispersion and structure of nano-sized
oxide particles were analyzed by using TEM and

HVEM. In addition, effect of Ti, Zr, Hf addition on

oxide particle distribution and hardness was investigated. Based on these results, the appropriate (or the
best) element and condition for uniform distribution
of oxide particle would be suggested.
M04-40

Synthesis and Property Evaluation of Hydride Ti

Powder from Ti Scrap: J.C. Choi, I.H. Oh, S.H.
Jang, and Y.H. Cha1; Korea Institute of Industrial
Technology (KITECH), Gwangju Research Center,
happycjc@kitech.re.kr, Korea, 1Division of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are used in various
fields such as the aerospace, chemical industry,
marine and automobile industries. Ti has such
diverse uses because of its high strength, light weight,
high-temperature performance, excellent flexibility,
extraordinary corrosion-resistance, and biocompatibility
characteristics. But high temperature reactivity problem of the difficulty processing and it compares
in the different structure material and there is a weak
point which is a high price. In this study, titanium
metal collecting scrap from manufacturing/
processing, the sanctification, hydrogenation /
dehydrogenation and ball mill through manufacturing
titanium powder of the process.
M04-42

HRTEM Study of Beta'-Phase in Cu-Zn Alloy at

Early Stage of Annealing: Masaaki Nishiyama1
Kenji Matsuda2, Tokimasa Kawabata Yasuhiro
Uetani3 and Susumu Ikeno2; 1Graduate School of
Science and Engineering for Education, University of
Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan;
2
Graduate School of Science and Engineering for
Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku,

Discontinuous Precipitation in Commercial Cast

AZ91 Mg Alloys: K.Fujii1, T.Gonoji2, K. Matsuda3,
T. Kawabata3, Y. Uetani4 and S. Ikeno3; 1Industrial
Research Institute of Ishikawa, 2-1 Kutatsuki,
Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, 2Graduate school of
Science and Engineering for Education, University of
Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555,
Japan, 3Graduate school of Science and Engineering
for research, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku,
Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 4Toyama Prefectural
University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama,
939-0398, Japan
AZ91 is one of the most popular Mg alloys
because of its superior castability, mechanical
strength and ductility. In this study, hardness
measurement, SEM, the electron backscattered
diffraction (EBSD) technique and TEM were
performed in order to understand the relationship
between discontinuous precipitation and crystallographic orientation of grains in AZ91 alloy. The
alloy of Mg-9mass%Al with a high purity was also
used for the comparison with AZ91 alloy.
M04-44

POSTER TUESDAY

Morphologies of Precipitates in Mg-Zn Alloy: T.

Kawabata1, S. Mori2, K. Matsuda1 and S. Ikeno1;
1
Graduate school of science and engineering for
research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan,
2
Graduate school of science and engineering for
education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM) observations were performed to
investigate the morphologies of the precipitates in the
specimen aged at 473 K. The morphologies of the b1'
and b2' phases was rod and plate-like shapes
respectively. The b1' phases have two kinds of
shapes in the edge on of the rod. The b1' phase with
rectangle shape has the facet parallel to {1-100}Mg
planes. The b1' phase with another kind of shapes has
some facets parallel to the {11-20}Mg and
{1-100}Mg planes. It was clarified that b1' phases
has a two kind of shape in edge on of that rod.
M04-41

Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 3Toyama Prefectural University,

5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
It has been well known that the single beta' phase
in Cu-Zn alloy decomposes into the plate-shaped
alpha-phase and the beta'-matrix(CsCl) during
annealing below 623K. The mechanism of formation
of alpha phase is important for thinking mechanism
of bainite transformation. However there is no report
on the crystal structure and microstructure of
beta'-matrix in detail by HRTEM. In the present
work, the crystal structure of beta'-matrix in binary
Cu-Zn at the early stage of annealing time has been
investigated by TEM and HRTEM techniques.
M04-43

Deformation Behavior of the Ductile Widmanstatted

of TiAl Alloy: J.P. Cui, M.L. Sui1 and D.X. Li;
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
A kind of Widmansttten lamellar structure of
TiAl alloy was achieved by electric-current-pulse
(ECP) treatment, which presented good tensile
ductility at room temperature. It may be beneficial to
realize good balanced properties of TiAl alloys. In
order to understand the deformation mechanisms of
this microstructure, it is necessary to further study
the deformation structure and to elucidate the
Widmansttten lamellar structure in response to the
tensile straining.
M04-45
Effect of Cr Addition on the Micro-hardness and
Aging-precipitates of Al-Mg2Si Alloy: Shumei

105

POSTER TUESDAY

Wang1, Kenji Matsuda2, Tokimasa Kawabata2 and

Susumu Ikeno2; 1Graduate School of Science and
Engeering for education, University of Toyama, 3190
Gofuku, Toyama, 830-8555, Japan, 2Graduate School
of Science and Engeering for research, University of
Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 830-8555, Japan
In the continuing for automobile weight reduction,
the 6000 series Al-Mg-Si alloys considered the
promising candidates for age-hardenable bodysheet
materials. Of particular interest are the effects of
transition elements such as chromium and manganese,
which are usually added to Al-Mg-Si alloys to
control recrystallization and grain structure and thus
the properties of these types of alloys. In this study,
the alloy without and with 0.2mass% Cr addition was
used to investigate the effect of Cr addition on the
micro-hardness and aging-precipitates of Al-Mg2Si
alloy.
M04-46
Characterization of Grain Growth at the Austenitic
Stainless Steel Welded Joint during 1200 High
Temperature Using EBSD and SEM: Y. Huang1
and C. Pan1; 1Department of Physics and Center for
Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan,
430072, P R China
Austenitic stainless steel weld structure has been
widely used in power generation plants, petrochemical
and refinery, spacecraft, due to its advanced properties in
elevated mechanical property, corrosion and oxidation
resistances, etc. However, many practical damages
have shown that most of the failures were originated
from the welded joint, especially the weld fusion
zone (FZ), which were resulted from the grain growth
and microstructural variations at the long-term high
temperature service. In the present paper, the grain
growth behaviors in the FZ and heat-affected
zone(HAZ) during 1200 high temperature were
characterized using by EBSD and SEM.
M04-47
TEM Observation of the Age Hardening Precipitates
in Mg-Gd-Sc Alloys, with Different Sc Concentrations:
K. Fukumori1, T. Kawabata2, K. Matsuda2 and S.
Ikeno2; 1Graduate school of Science and Engineering
for Education, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku,
Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 2Graduate school of
Science and Engineering for research, University of
Toyama, 3190 Gofuku,Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555,
Japan
Magnesium alloys that contain rare earth elements
(RE) have good heat resistance. It has been reported
that magnesium alloys containing gadolinium (Gd)
exhibit excellent age hardening and addition of a
scandium (Sc) to magnesium improves creep resistance.
Ternary Mg-Gd-Sc alloys that added both elements
of Gd and Sc to Mg are few reports that observe
these precipitates in detail by using high-resolution
transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). In this

106

study, HRTEM observations were performed to

investigate the age hardening precipitates in Mg-Gd-Sc
alloys. The used specimens are Mg-14mass%
Gd-7mass%Sc and Mg-14mass%Gd-14mass%Sc.
These specimens were solution heat-treated at 773K
for 1h and 848K for 2h in case of Mg-14%Gd-7% Sc
and Mg-14%Gd-14%Sc and then quenched into
water. The aging treatment was performed at 473 and
523K. Hardness was measured with Vickershardness tester. HRTEM observations were performed
by using TOPCON EM-002B type, operated at
120kV.
M04-48
Hexagonal Platelet in Al-Mg-Si-Ag Alloy: K.
Matsuda1, K. Yamamoto2, J. Nakamura2, T.
Kawabata1 and S. Ikeno1; 1Graduate School of
Science & Engineering for Research, University of
Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan,
2
Graduate School of Science & Engineering for
Education, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku,
Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
The precipitation sequence in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys
has been reported and the crystal structures of
quaternary Q- and Q' (B'-) phases have been identified to
determine the effect of the addition of Cu in these
alloys. We have discovered a precipitate with hexagonal
plate form in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, and identified
the precipitate as beta-Mg2Si phase with a new OR to
the matrix. The purpose of this study is to investigate
whether the beta-phase in Al-Mg-Si alloys added
silver (Ag) is the same as that in Ag-free or Cu-added
Al-Mg-Si alloys.
M04-49

Influence of Heavily Plastic Deformation on Precipitation Behavior in a Cu-1.8wt%Be-0.2wt%Co

alloy aged at 320C: R. Monzen1, T. Hasegawa1 and
C. Watanabe1; 1Division of Innovative Technology
and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi,
Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
Recently, high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM) of precipitated phases in
Cu-0.9wt%Be alloy single crystals containing only
the GP zones on the (001) plane has revealed that
the phases follow a complicated G.P. zone
I I + sequence with increasing aging
time. In addition, the precipitation behavior in a
Cu-1.8wt%Be-0.2wt%Co alloy during aging at 320
C up to 350 h has been studied. In this work, we will
investigate the effect of prior cold work (90%
reduction) on the precipitation process in the
Cu-Be-Co alloy aged at 320C. We have found a
new-precipitated phase called m, as will be shown
later.
M04-50
Effect of an Applied Stress for Discontinuous
Precipitation in a Cu-Be Alloy: T. Hasegawa1, C.

M-05) Ceramics and Inorganic Materials

TEM Study of Si4+-doped Chromium Oxide

Nanocrystals Prepared by Laser Ablation
Condensation Technique: Chun-Hung Lin1, S.Y.
Chen2 and P. Shen1; 1Institute of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical
Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) technique has been
used to fabricate dioxide condensates, such as a-PbO2
type TiO2 and rutile type TiO2 with {hkl}-specific
coalescence twinning. Here, Si4+-doped chromium
oxide nanocondensates by PLA (1.51108 W/cm2) on
a clamped Cr/Si target in oxygen (50 L/min) for a
very rapid heating/cooling and hence pressure effect
were characterized by transmission electron microscopy
(TEM, JEOL 3010 instrument at 300 kV). We
focused on the phase identity, reorientation and
coalescence behavior of such nanocondensates, as of
concern to the formation of Cr-rich particles in the
laser processing of Cr:yttrium aluminum garnet
(YAG) fiber with or without silica cladding for
potential wide band optical communication applications.
M05-10

POSTER TUESDAY

Watanabe2 and R. Monzen2; 1Division of Mechanical

Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University,
Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, 2Division
of Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192,
Japan
The effect of external stress on the morphology
and growth rate of discontinous precipitation cells in
a Cu-2.1 wt% Be alloy have been examined. The
cells grow randomly to all directions even when aged
under a tensile or compressive stress. The compressive
stress accelerates the growth rate but the tensil stress
does not essentially change it Depending on the sense
of external stress, specific r precipitate variants in
cells among crystallographyically equivalent ones are
formed preferentially. The experimental results are
explained in terms of the interaction between the
applied stress and the misfit strain of r precipitates.
M04-51

Organized by Nam Hee Cho

Scanning Electron Microscopy Study on Gold
Mosaic Glass: P. Dararutana1, J. Dutchaneephet2, P.
Chetanachan3, N. Sirikulrat2 and P. Wathanakul4;
1
Glass and Glass Products Research and Development
Laboratory, Institute for Science and Technology
Research and Development, Chiang Mai University,
Muang, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, 2Department of
Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
3
Electron Microscopy Section, National Institute of
Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi,
11000 Thailand, 4Gemmology and Mineral Sciences
Special Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart,
University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
Mosaic glass that belongs to one of decorate arts is
to make by joining small pieces of glass together.
Gold mosaic glass has been used to decorate in
ancient time. Its structure is divided into three layers;
covered glass, gold layer and based glass. In this
study, the composition of the old foreign gold mosaic
glasses was analyzed using X-ray spectrometry. The
prepared gold mosaic glasses that based on colorless
lead-free high refractive index glasses using local
raw materials were fabricated. The interfacial surface
between the joining was carried out using scanning
electron microscope. It was found that the composition of
the old foreign gold mosaic glass was based on
alkali-lime silicate glass. The SEM micrographs
showed that the cross section layers of the joining
interfaces of the old foreign and prepared gold
mosaic glasses were similar. It can be concluded that
the prepared gold mosaic glass that produced from
local raw materials was satisfactory as decorative
glass.
M05-09

Microstructural Analysis of NbF5-doped MgH2

Exhibiting Fast Hydrogen Sorption Kinetics: Ji
Woo Kim1, Jae-Pyoung Ahn3, Seon-Ah Jin2, Hee-Suk
Chung1, Sang Hoon Lee1, Jae-Hyeok Shim2, Young
Whan Cho2 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National
University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul,
Korea, 2Materials Science and Technology Research
Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Seoul, Korea, 3Advanced Analysis Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
The microstructure of NbF5-doped MgH2, prepared by
high-energy ball milling (HEBM), was studied using
high resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HR-TEM). The TEM samples were prepared without
air exposure by a focused ion beam system specially
designed for highly air sensitive materials. During
HEBM, the doping agent, NbF5, melted and was
distributed as an extremely thin, film-like,
amorphous phase along the grain boundaries of the
nanocrystalline MgH2. After 10 sorption cycles,
amorphous Nb-F phase was transformed into
crystalline Nb hydrides. It is believed that the Nb
hydride played a decisive role in improving the
sorption kinetics of MgH2.
M05-11
A Series of Modulated Structures in SrxCoO2
Observed by HRTEM: L.D. Yao, Y.Q. Guo, J.L.
Luo, W. Zhang, F.Y. Li, C.Q. Jin and R.C. Yu1;
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter
Physics, 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
The A series of modulated structures were
obtained from HRTEM observations. We proposed a

107

odulation rule and concluded that those modulated

phases are induced by the alternate position ordering
of strontium ions. Ideal structure models are proposed.
M05-12

POSTER TUESDAY

Crystallographic and Local Electronic Structures

of Nanocheckerboards in Mn-doped CoFe2O4
spinel: C.M. Tseng1, C.L. Zhang2, S. Yeo2, S.-W.
Cheong2 and C.H. Chen1; 1Center for Condensed
Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei
10617, Taiwan, 2Rutgers Center for Emergent
Materials and Department of Physics & Astronomy,
Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854,
USA.
Recently, solid-state self-assembly of nanocheckerboards (CB) in Jahn-Teller cations (Mn3+)
containing spinel systems was successfully achieved
via chemical phase separation mediated by cooperative
Jahn-Tellerdistortion. More interestingly, the CBs are
mainly stacked with two constituent domains, one is
cubic domain with lower Mn concentration and the
other is tetragonal domain with higher Mn concentration.
The CB-like nanopillars exhibiting large shape and
magnetic anisotropy can be a platform for ultra
high-density memory devices. In this study, we
present the crystallographic and electron energy-loss
near-edge structures (ELNES) of these two distinct
phases in Mn-doped CoFe2O4 spinel by using high
resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy
(EELS).
M05-13
Microstructure and Defect Investigations of
Layered Manganites La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7 (x = 0.6,
0.8 and 0.9) by HREM: Y. M. Wang and R. C. Yu;
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter
Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
The defects and microstructure in n=2 RuddlesdenPopper (RP) compounds La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7(x = 0.6,
0.8 and 0.9) have been investigated by
high-resolution electronmicroscopy. The HREM
images illustrate the complex microstructure of these
compounds. The examined compounds can not form
a pure phase of n=2 structure and some of phases
with different number n are embedded in the
predominant n=2 structure as intergrowths or
microdomians. The La0.2Ca2.8Mn2O7 (x=0.9) exhibits
well crystalline with lowest defect density among all
the examined samples. The type of defects in the
La0.4Ca2.6Mn2O7 (x=0.8) sample are generally richer
than that in the La0.2Ca2.8Mn2O7 (x=0.9) and
La0.8Ca2.2Mn2O7 (x=0.6). Intergrowth of n=1
(K2NiF4-type) is observed only for x=0.9 sample.
Intergrowths with n5, which is essentially
perovskite microdomains or inclusions, are seen in
the x=0.6 and 0.8 samples. Two rare types of defects

108

in the x=0.8 sample have been observed and

analyzed.
M05-14
HRTEM Study of Asymmetrical Twin Boundaries
in BaNb0.3Ti0.7O3 Thin Films: S. J. Zheng, Y. L. Zhu
and X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory for
Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
Asymmetrical twin boundaries are found by means
of transmission electron microscopy in a Perovskitebased BaNb0.3Ti0.7O3 thin film grown by laser
molecular beam epitaxy on a SrTiO3 (001) substrate.
The microstructural characteristics of the BaNb0.3Ti0.7O3
film was clarified in terms of lamellar {111} twins
and antiphase domains. It is proposed that the intersections
of (111) twinning with the antiphase domain boundaries
result in the asymmetrical twin boundaries. M05-15
Microstructural Analysis of La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 by
HREM: T. Tsurui1, T. Katsumata2 and Y. Inaguma2;
1
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University,
Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577, Japan,
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Gakushuin University, Mejiro 1-5-1, Toshima-ku,
Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
A perovskite-type lithium doped lanthanum
titanate, expressed by the formula, La2/3-xLi3xTiO3, is
well known as one of the highest lithium ion
conducting materials, showing high ionic conductivities
as high as 10-3 Scm-1 at room temperature. Numerous
studies have been performed on the conductivity and
the structural analysis. Almost all structural models
have based on the ordering of La atoms along the
c-axis and tilting of TiO6 octahedra. However, the
diffusion pathway of Li-ions were discussed on the
basis of the average structure. In this study, we have
observed microstructure of La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 single
crystals and furnace-cooled polycrystals by HREM,
and discussed the contribution of the domain
structures and the ordering of La atoms to the Li-ion
conduction. Polycrystalline La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 samples were
synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction.
The starting materials were La2O3(4N), Li2CO3(3N),
and TiO2(3N). A mixture of the raw materials was
calcined at 800C for 5 h, and 1100C for 24 h in air
with an intermediate grinding. The calcined powder
was pressed into pellets and sintered at 1300 for
2 h in air. Single crystals have been synthesized by a
floating zone method after the solid state reaction.
TEM samples were prepared as follows. To observe
crystal structure images, the pellet was crushed into
fine pieces and put onto microgrids covered with
carbon films. To observe domain structure, samples
were prepared by the standard ion milling techniques
using a Fischione Model 1010 at an accelerating
voltage of 3.0 kV. HREM observations were
performed with a JEOL JEM-4000EX microscope

M-07) Amorphous Materials and

Quasicrystals
Organized by Do Hyang Kim

Direct Imaging of a Local Multi-shell Icosahedral

Cluster in a Zr70Cu25Pt5 metallic glass: H.
Minamide1, E. Abe1 J. Saida2 and T. Ohkubo3; 1Dept.
of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo,
Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2Center for
Interdisciplinary Center, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan, 3National Institute for Materials Research,
1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Japan

In the present work, we have investigated the local

atomic structure of a Zr70Cu25Pt5 metallic glass
phase using high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning transmission
electron microscopy (STEM). A remarkable compositional modulation at a few nanometer scales is
observed for the Zr70Cu25Pt5 glass of amorphous
structure; namely the modulation due to Cu-rich and
Zr-rich regions, where Pt atoms are mostly distributed within the Zr-rich regions. Some characteristic
ring-contrasts are frequently found both in the phasecontrast HRTEM and Z-contrast STEM images. We
show that, based on a simulation of phase-contrast/
Z-contrast atomic images, these local contrasts are
reasonably interpreted as a mulit-shell icosahedral
cluster constructed by Zr and Pt atoms. This provides
direct evidences of a local structural similarity
between the glass and QC phases in the Zr-Cu-Pt
alloys; shell-inflating local atomic order in
accordance with icosahedral symmetry.
M07-09

POSTER TUESDAY

operated at 400 kV. Figure 1 shows TEM images,

crystal structure images and corresponding selected
area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns taken with
the incident electron beam parallel to the [100] and
[001] direction for La0.59Li0.27TiO3 single crystal. An
HREM image of very thin regions (less than 5nm)
taken under the Scherzer defocus represents
faithfully the projected potential within a remarkably
good approximation, and atomic positions are
described as dark spots in the observed image.
Therefore, the strong dark spots are considered to be
La and Ti atoms. As shown in Fig. 1(c), La-rich and
La-poor layers are alternatively arranged in La layers
along the c-axis. As shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b),
90oriented domains with 20-100 nm size have been
clearly observed in the conventional TEM images.
This result indicates that the grown single crystals are
not real single crystals with mono-domain, but
crystals with 90 oriented domains. In La2/3-xLi3xTiO3,
almost all structural models have based on the
ordering of La atoms along the c-axis. Though the
anisotropy of ionic conductivity can be expected
from the viewpoint of the structure, a remarkable
anisotropy has not been observed in single crystals.
One of the possible reasons is that the crystal has
domains with different orientations. The possibility
of the existence of domains was pointed out by a
single crystal structural analysis and Raman
scattering experiment (private communication), it has
not been directly demonstrated till now. This result is
the first result to demonstrate the existence of
domains in La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 single crystals. No remarkable
anisotropy of ionic conductivity in the single crystal may
be due to the domain structure. Furthermore, we have
found that the domain size increases with increasing
La concentration in furnace-cooled polycrystals (not
shown). In relation, it has been reported that Li-ion
changes their motion from two-dimentional conduction
to three-dimentional conduction with decreasing La
concentration. The microdomains may affect the
long-range diffusion of Li-ions.
M05-16

Microstructure and Texture of Sputter-deposited

Strontium Titanate Films: Shohei Nakahara1, Jae
Jin Kim1, Deok-Yang Kim2 and James C. M. Hwang1;
1
Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, 2Renaissance Wireless Co., Somerset, New Jersey, USA
We conducted a detailed electron diffraction study
on texturing in strontium titanate films using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). A computer simulation
technique was also used to determine the degree of
texturing in these films quantitatively.
M07-10

Effect of Reinforcement on the Nanocrystallization in

Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites: Min Ha
Lee1, Joong Hwan Jun1, Ki Buem Kim2, Do Hyang
Kim4 and Jrgen Eckert4,5; 1Advanced Materials
Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology,
Incheon 406-840, Korea, 2Department of Advanced
Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul
143-747, Korea, 3Department of Metallurgical
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749,
Korea. 4IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials,
P.O.Box 27 01 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany, 5TU
Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, D-01062
Dresden, Germany
We investigated the effect of reinforcement on the
formation of nanocrystals at shear bands in a
Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite in comparison
with monolithic Ni-based bulk metallic glass when
shear bands are generated during deformation. The
results suggest that the occurrence of nanocrystallization at a shear band implies a stress
concentration by a geometrical effect of the
reinforcement phase on the compressive loading
conditions.
M07-11

109

POSTER TUESDAY

Using Fluctuation Microscopy to Characterize the

Preferential Ion-milled Dominant Shear Band: H.
Guo, J. Wen, Z.F. Zhang and M.L. Sui; Shenyang
National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute
of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shenyang 110016, China
As a newly developed technique for studying
medium-range order in disordered materials,
fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) was used to
characterize structure change of dominant shear band
in compressed Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 metallic
glass. In the unfractured sample, TEM bright field
image shows that dominant shear band appeared an
about 10-micron-wide bright band, after ion milling.
The brighter intensity indicates that the bright band is
thinner than the area elsewhere, because of the
preferential ion milling along the band. FEM
measurements show that the matrix had a much more
pronounced peak in the variance comparing with the
presence of the bright band, which means that the
matrix has a higher medium-range order. M07-12

TEM and SEM Analysis of the Heat Treatedcellulose Fibers: N. Jeong1, S. Han1, H. Kim1, K.
Myung2, K. Park2 and J. Lee3; 1Korea Institute of
Energy Research, Nano Materials Research Center,
Daejeon, Korea, 2Korea Institute of Energy Research,
Testing and Evaluation Center, Daejeon, Korea
3
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
The investigation for the convert of biomass to useful
energy materials is the most interesting theme for our
days. The plentiful and renewable natural cellulose is
very useful for the mass production of bio-energy
and the expansion of application. In this work,
carbon fiber was prepared from heat treatment of the
commercially useful cellulose fiber. For synthesis of
the carbon fiber, the furnace was heated up to the
desired temperature with a rate of about 10 /min.
Surface morphology and structure of as-formed
carbon fiber were characterized by HR-TEM,
FE-SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. SEM images
showed that the volume of cellulose fiber decreased
before heat treatment, but their shape is hardly
verified. Also HR-TEM image revealed clearly that
the skin of the fiber was a glassy carbon with
amorphous carbon structure. These results were
identified from Raman spectroscopy.
M07-13

Electron microscopy simulation and electron

tomography used for atomic structure reconstruction
of an amorphous matrix with embedded ordered
cluster.
M07-14
Optimization of Structural Heterogeneity for
Enhanced Plasticity in Zr-Ti(-Nb)-Cu-Ni-Al bulk
Metallic Glasses and their Composites: E.S. Park,1
H.J. Chang2 and D.H. Kim3; 1Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, College of
Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul
151-744, Korea, 2Electron Microscopy Group, Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN37831 USA,
3
Center for Non-crystalline Materials, Department of
Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul
120-749, Korea
Zr-Ti-(Nb)-Cu-Ni-Al is a well-known system for
BMG or BMG matrix composites with improved
plastic elongation. In the present study, we have
systematically studied the effects of alloy
compositions and CR on phase selection in as-cast
microstructure and mechanical properties. The
present study shows that the plasticity can be
improved when icosahedral quenched-in nuclei exist
in the amorphous matrix. However, the formation of
the icosahedarl particle during casting deteriorates
the plasticity as well as yield strength. On the one
hand, micrometer scale -Zr (ductile dendrite phase
obtained at relatively slow CR) significantly
increases the plastic elongation with work hardening
behavior, while nanometer scale spherical particles
(obtained at relatively fast CR) shows very little
effect on deformability. The potential causes will be
discussed with both the intensive structural analysis
(HRTEM shown in Figure 1 and EXAFS shown in
Fig. 2) and the measurement of the shear step using
optical profilermeter. As a consequence, it can be
realized that the plasticity in BMG with
heterogeneity can be enhanced by the optimization of
both tailoring combinations of constituent elements
and controlling CR. This concept is considered to be
effective even in the designed other BMG systems
with structural heterogeneity.
M07-15

M-08) Polymer/Organic and

Biomimetic/Medical Materials
Organized by Geungho Kim and Byeonghyeok Sohn

Electron Microscopy and Tomography of

Amorphous Alloys Atomic Structure Modeling:
V.S. Plotnikov, B.N. Grudin, E.V. Pustovalov, S.V.
Dolzhikov, E.S. Slabzhennikov, E.B. Modin and O.V.
Voitenko; Electron Microscopy and Image Processing
Lab, Far Eastern National University, 8 Shukhanova
str., Vladivostok, 690950 Russia

110

IN-SITU Tensile TEM Study of Toughening

Mechanism of HIPS: Yongxi SH1; Analysis &
Testing Center, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Add: P.O. Box. 89, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, No. 15, Bei San Huan
Dong Lu, Beijing China

According to plastic toughening theory, rubber

particles inside plastics can induce crazes or shearing
zone, therefore consume impact momentum. Rubber
particles can also branch or terminate crazes, prevent
crazes from developing into destructive cracks. This
article uses tensile specimen holder of H-800
TEMIN-SITU stretch HIPS ultra-thin section
stained by OsO4. The deformation process of HIPS'
"containing structure" under tensile stress is observed.
During the process of stretching, deformation of
rubber particles consumes impact momentum, and at
the same time, rubber particles are located across the
cracks, preventing these cracks from further
developing, therefore enhance the toughness of HIPS.
M08-09

Phase-Transitional Phenomena of Vinylidene

Fluoride/Trifluoroethylene Copolymer Crystals
on Vacuum-Evaporated Carbon Substrate: T.-T.
Hua1 N. Tomari2, K. Muto2, T. Itoh2, S. Fujiwara2
and M. Hashimoto2; 1Department of Textile Material
and Chemistry, Hanoi University of Technology,
Vietnam, 2Department of Macromolecular Science
and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology,
Mastugasaki, Japan
Crystal structures of vinylidene fluoride/ trifluoroethylene (VDF/TrFE) copolymers in thin films
cast from the cyclohexanone dilute solution on
vacuum-evaporated carbon substrate were examined
by transmission electron microscopy and FouriertransformIR between room temperature and 398 K.
Change in the d-spacing became irreversible for the
copolymers with VDF fractions of 59 (C59) and 65
mol % (C65) which show reversible phase transition
in bulky state, while change in the molecular
conformation was reversible for C65 and irreversible
for C59. Such results suggest that the interaction
between the copolymer chain and amorphous carbon
substrate may stabilize the expanded copolymer
crystals at room temperature.
M08-11

Directed Crystallization under Nanoscopic Confinement: Kyunghee Lee1, Euntak Woo1 and Kyusoon
Shin1; 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Seoul National University, Korea
The crystal structure and crystallization kinetics of
polymers and metal under nanoscopic confinement
have been investigated. We observed the orientation
of crystal structure of polymers in thin films and the
cylindrical nanopores, and we found there are
substantial changes of crystalline structure upon the
variation of degree of confinement or type of
confinement. We also found that the crystallization
kinetics drastically altered especially in cylindrical
nanopores. We will discuss those phenomena by
applying the classical crystallization theory.
M08-13

POSTER TUESDAY

Observation of Fddd Network Structure in

Diblock Copolymer by Electron Tomography: M.
I. Kim1, S. Akasaka1, T. Wakada1, M. Takenaka1 and
H. Hasegawa1; 1Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University,
Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
Block copolymer can self-assemble into various
microstructures via microphase separation depending
on composition, molecular weight and temperature.
Recently, we obtained a new morphlogy, Fddd, in
polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer
(SI) by SAXS. In this study, we investigated the
Fddd sturcture by TEM and electron tomography.
We found the Fddd structure is a noncubic triply
branched single- network structure.
M08-10

Surface Texturing of GaN Surface Using Block

Copolymer Template: Dong June Hwang1, Jihyun
Kim1 and Joona Bang1; 1Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul,
Korea
We report that nanostructured patterns can be
achieved on GaN/Al2O3 by a nanofabrication method
that employs the ICP etching of a block copolymer
template. We first prepared the nanoporous patterns
of poly(ethylene oxide-b-methyl methacrylate-bstyrene) (PEO-b-PMMA-b-PS) triblockcopolymer
thin film on GaN/c-Al2O3 substrates. Then, the
nanostructures from PEO-b-PMMA-b-PS triblock
copolymers were successfully transferred to a GaN
layer using ICP etching. Room temperature photoluminescence confirmed that the intensity was
increased by about 30% around 450nm wavelength,
after pattern transfer onto GaN/c-Al2O3 substrates.
M08-12

Confined Nanostructures of Symmetric Diblock

Copolyners in Thin Films: Sehee Kim1, Kookheon
Char1,2 and Byeong-Hyeok Sohn1,3; 1Interdisciplinary
Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO
Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea, 2School of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 3Department of
Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Diblock copolymers are composed of two different
polymers that are spontaneously self-assembled into
periodic nanostructures, of which the size and
morphology can be easily controlled by the molecular weight and composition of copolymers. Under
physical confinement, the molecular organization of
the copolymer can be significantly influenced by the
structural frustration and interfacial interaction,
leading to unusual morphologies which cannot be
achieved in bulk. In this presentation, we investigated nanostructures of lamellae forming diblock co-

111

polymer thin films, which can be used as photonic

band gap structures and the patterned thin film via
nanoimprint lithography, by transmission electron
microscopy.
M08-14

POSTER TUESDAY

Nanorods of Block Copolymers and Their Micellar

Nanotubes from Anodized Aluminum Oxide Tem:
Seung-Min Jeon1, Sung Hwa Lee1 and Byeong-Hyeok
Sohn1; 1Department of Chemistry, NANO Systems
Institute, Seoul National University
Nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) can
be an effective template to fabricate nanotubes or
nanorods of a variety of materials with controlled
diameters and lengths. From AAO templates, we
fabricated nanorods of block copolymers and
nanotubes of block copolymer micelles. After
removing the AAO template, internal nanostructures
of nanorods and micellar nanotubes were
investigated by transmission electron microscopy.
With block copolymer micelles containing precursors
of nanoparticles, AAO pores were decorated with
nanoparticles which were examined by field-emission
scanning electron microscopy.
M08-15
Layer-by-Layer Assembled Magnetic Nano Particle
Films with Adjustable Magnetic Properties:
Younghoon Kim1 and Jinhan Cho1; 1School of
Advanced
Materials
Engineering,
Kookmin
University, Seoul, Korea
Magnetic nanoparticles have been attracted much
attention due to a number of potential applications
such as biomagnetic separation, magnetic biosensing,
magnetic resonance imaging or hyperthermia treatment.
Although it has been recently reported that oleic
acid-stabilized nanoparticles synthesized in organic
solvent have the relatively strong superpara magnetic
properties in comparison with those synthesized in
water, these particles have difficulty in being adsorbed
onto the substrates because of their hydrophobic
properties. In this study, we report the fabrication of
layer-by-layer assembled (polymer/magnetic particle)n
multilayers through the surface modification of
magnetic particles. Additionally, we demonstrate that
these films can be easily controlled from superpara to
ferroelectric properties displaying structural color.
M08-16
Image Contrast Enhancement for Biological and
Soft Material's Specimens in a 120kV TEM: C.
Hamamoto1, H. Nishioka1, N. Endo1, T. Ishikawa1, Y.
Ohkura1, H. Takahashi1and T. Oikawa2; 1JEOL Ltd.,
1-2, Musashino 3-Chome, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558,
Japan, 2JEOL (Europe) SAS, 1 Alle de Giverny,
78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
A marked progress has recently been made in
resolution of transmission electron microscopes

112

(TEM) owing to a stable field emission gun and

sophisticated lens design. However, in the field of
biology and soft material science, where the specimens
for TEM usually exhibit low contrast without
staining, higher contrast rather than better resolution
has recently been introduced in the market. In this
paper, it is reported that a lower acceleration voltage
at 120 kV gives higher contrast images of an
unstained biological specimen than at 200 kV.
M08-17
Cystallographic and Microstructural Analysis of
Biological Composites: G. H. Kim1 and J. P. Ahn2;
1
Division of Materials Research, KIST, 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea, 2Advanced Analysis
Center, KIST, Seoul, Korea
Exploitation of unique and excellent properties
found in nanoscale materials and composites is a
widespread trend with many successful examples.
New nanostructured materials and their properties are
explored in optical, electrical, mechanical and
magnetic applications. Two critical issues for the
commercial application of potential nanostructured
materials are the proper design and control of
nanostructure and bottom-up process for the fabrication
of such nanostructures. Nature provides wide variety
of nanostructural examples and biological composites
have hierarchical structures with multi-functionality
and precise interfacial control of constituent phases,
exhibiting the properties far exceeding the engineering
composites. For example, it is not uncommon to find
porous single crystalline or an amorphous matrix
reinforced with fibrous crystalline phase having the
same chemical composition. In addition, spatial arrangement
of constituents in atomic scale may provide a meaningful
insight into the bottom-up growth mechanisms of
biological nanostructures [3]. Precise crystallographic
control of inorganic phase is often performed by
intricate arrangements of organic phase, known as
intracrystalline polymer. Combined application of
advanced characterization techniques is essential to
understand and interpret these complex and hierarchical
nanostructures of biological nanocomposites.There is
little study on the crystallographic assemblage of
biological ceramics in the medium length scale,
which will reveal crucial information on the
coordinated growth mechanism to produce a
macroscopic shape unique to a given species. Two
examples of seashell nanostructures are compared in
this study. Nacre layer in Abalone is composed of
preferentially oriented, horizontally stacked single
crystals of aragonite separated by thin organic matrix.
On the other hand, outer layer of pen shell consists of
vertically oriented, columnar calcite single crystals
enclosed by thick organic envelope. Both EBSD
mapping of orientation in the SEM and Kikuchi
pattern analysis in the TEM are applied depending on
the size of constituents. Radiation damage from

the PPB. In our tomographic slice images, we could

also identify two types of vesicles in the PPB region,
endocytic, clathrin-coated vesicles and structurallyrelated, non-coated vesicles.
L02-08

L-02) Cellular Electron Tomography

Structome of Yeast Cells by Freeze-Substitution and

Serial Ultrathin Sectioning Electron Microscopy:
M. Yamaguchi, H. Okada, M. Ohkusu and S.
Kawamoto; Medical Mycology Research Center,
Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba
260-8673, Japan
True understanding of cell structure comes only
from quantitative three-dimensional structural analysis.
The term structome, coined by combining structure
and -ome, is defined as quantitative threedimensional structural information of whole cells at
the electron microscopic level. We report here the
structome of the cells of yeast Exophiala dermatitidis.
The cell wall occupied 22% of the cell volume. Its
nucleus occupied ~7% of the cell volume. There
were 17-52 mitochondria per cell, occupying 7-12%
of the cell volume. Five to ten endoplasmic reticula
were present in a cell, occupying ~0.2 % of the cell
volume. The Golgi apparatus, spindle pole body,
autophagosomes, multivesicular bodies, lipid bodies,
microtubules and microfilaments occupied ~1 % of
the cell volume in total. About 200,000 ribosome
particles were present per cell. The cytosol occupied
43-53 % of the cell volume. The membranes of cells
of this yeast could be classified into three groups.
L02-09

Organized by Sung Sik Han, Brad Marsh and Keiichi

Namba
Model Simulation Study on Beers Law in BF-TEM
Tomography: Hyeong-Tae Jou1, Sujeong Lee2 and
Youn-Joong Kim3; 1Marine Environment Research
Department,
Korea
Ocean
Research
and
Development Institute, Ansan, Korea, 2Minerals and
Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of
Geoscience and Mineral
Resources, Daejeon,
Korea, 3Division of Electron Microscopic Research,
Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
This simulation study examined the importance of
Beers law in BF-TEM tomography. A model
simulation was performed with the original 3D head
phantom model of Kak and Slaney, and the modified
version of it, with an enhanced difference in
absorption coefficients. In order to reconstruct an
artifacts-free 3D structure from the projections
showing only weak contrast, Beers law should be
adopted with the correct incident intensity for
tomography.
L02-07
Preprophase Band is a Localized Center of
Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis in Late Prophase
of Onion Cotyledon Epidermis: I. Karahara1, J.
Suda2, Y. Masuta1, H. Tahara2, E. Yokota2, T.
Shimmen2, K. Misaki3, S. Yonemura3, L.A. Staehelin4
and Y. Mineyuki5; 1Department of Biology, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, University of
Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, 2Department of
Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science,
University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Akou, Hyogo
678-1297, Japan, 3RIKEN Center for Developmental
Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuou-ku,
Kobe 650-0047, Japan, 4MCD Biology, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA, 5Department
of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science,
University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo
671-2280, Japan
We have investigated the membrane systems in the
PPB of epidermal cells of cryofixed onion cotyledons
by analyzing quantitatively the endocytic and
secretory structures in serial thin sections and in
electron tomograms. In contrast to specimens
prepared by conventional electron microscopy
techniques, where clathrin-coated pits and vesicles
have rarely been seen in the PPB region, our high
pressure frozen cells demonstrate the presence of
large numbers of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles in

POSTER TUESDAY

finely focused electron beam has to be avoided by

careful selection
M08-18

L-05) Immunocytochemistry and

Histochemistry
Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and
Hee Chol Kang
Distribution of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments,
Actin Filaments, and Plectin in Sinus Endothelial
Cells of Rat Spleen: Kiyoko Uehara; Department of
Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma,
Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
In electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of
extracted endothelial cells, stress fibers were
especially conspicuous due to their high electron
density. The intermediate filaments were distributed
exclusively in the vicinity of stress fibers and
sparsely in the cytoplasm without the basal part of the
endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy of
tissue cryosections demonstrated that vimentin,
plectin, and actin were localized in the basal part of
the endothelial cells. Immunoelectron microscopy
revealed vimentin, plectin, and actin in the basal part

113

of the endothelial cells. These data suggest that

plectin cross-links vimentin and actin filaments in the
basal part of sinus endothelial cells.
L05-14

POSTER TUESDAY

Flavonoid, EGCG, Protects Against Oxidative

Stress-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death and Caspase
Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: K.
Wongprasert, S. Asuvapongpatana and Thichanpiang
P.; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed
Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, China
It has been reported that oxidative damage in the
retinal pigment epithelium contributes to the
initiation and/or progression of age-related macular
degeneration (AMD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
(EGCG), the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoid
in green tea has been shown to possess strong
antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to
investigate the effect of EGCG to protect against
exogenous oxidative stress, hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2)-induced cell death in retinal pigment
epithelial cells, ARPE-19. A human retinal pigment
epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, were pretreated with or
without EGCG (1-100 m) for 2 h at 37, then
followed with 400 M H2O2 for 24 h. The percentage
of viable cells was measured by MTT assay.
Morphology of the cells was investigated under
phase contrast microscope. A hallmark feature of
apoptotic cell death, the nuclear condensation, was
determined by Hoechst 33342 staining. The expression
of caspase-3, apoptotic executioner protein, was
analyzed by western blot analysis. Fluorescence
immunocytochemisty was also performed to visualize
activation of caspase 3. The results demonstrated that
H2O2 at a concentration of 400 M significantly
decreased cell viability and increased the number of
chromatin condensed nuclei in ARPE-19 cells. In
addition, the H2O2-induced oxidative stress upregulated caspase 3 expression and activation. The
toxic effects of H2O2 were ameliorated by pretreating the cells with 50 or 100 M EGCG. Furthermore, ARPE-19 cells pre-treated with EGCG attenuated caspase 3 expression and activation. These
findings suggest that EGCG provides protection
against H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death in ARPE19 cells via an anti-apoptotic activity.
L05-15

Studies on Photoinduction of Photosynthetic Proteins

in Prototheca wickerhamii by Immunoelectron
Microscopy: N. Kiyohara1, T. Ehara2, S. Aoki3 and T.
Osafune1; 1Department of Life Sciences, Nippon
Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 2Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan, 3Advanced Research Center, Nippon
Dental University at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
Prototheca wickerhamii has retained the ability to
synthesize at least some chloroplast proteins in

114

response to light exposure, although the genus

Prototheca has lost the ability to synthesize
chlorophyll and to form morphologically complete
chloroplasts. The metabolic role if any of RuBisCO
remains to be determined.
L05-16
Electron Microscopic Studies on Bactericidal
Effects of Electrolyzed Acidic Water: N. Kiyohara1,
I. Watanabe1, H. Kibamoto1, Y. Miwa1, K. Ode1, Y.
Omoto1 and T. Osafune2; 1Department of Sport
Methodology, Nippon Sport Science University,
Yokohama, Japan, 2Department of Life Sciences,
Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan
Kendo protective equipment is used without
washing for a long time. Staphylococcus saprophyticus,
Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus sphaericus are
frequently isolated from the mask of kendo
protective equipment during one year. When S.
saprophyticus was treated with electrolyzed acidic
water and its cellular structures were observed under
a transmission electron microscope, ghost cytoplasm
was observed, in which no ribosomal granules or
fibrous DNA structures were present, and the cell
wall inner layer was detached from the outer layer.
Under a scanning electron microscope, the structure
of the cell wall surface layer was wrinkled, and round
pores were partially formed, indicating that the
cytoplasmic structures were flushed out of the cells
treated with electrolyzed acidic water through the
pores formed in the cell wall. In M. luteus, the
destruction of ribosomal granules and that of DNA
fibers were observed to be similar to those of S.
saprophyticus. For B. sphaericus, the effect of
electrolyzed acidic water was investigated using
vegetative cells. A dissociation between the
cytoplasm and cell wall wrinkled the cell surface
layer. Electrolyzed acidic water may be useful for
disinfecting of kendo equipment.
L05-17
The Existence and Distribution of GonadotropinReleasing Hormone-Like Factor in the Neural and
Gonadal and Their Effects on Reproductive
Processes of Female Macrobrachium Rosenbergii:
A. Ngernsoungnern1,2, P. Ngernsoungnern1,2, W.
Weerachatyanukul1, S. Kavanaugh3, S.A. Sower3,
J. Chavadej1, P. Sobhon1 and P. Sretarugsa1;
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Department of
Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New
Hampshire, Durham, USA
This study demonstrates the existence of GnRHlike factors in the central nervous system and ovary
of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The immunoreactivities
of lGnRH-III and octGnRH was detected in the
supraesophageal ganglion and thoracic ganglion,

respectively, whereas the lGnRH-I immunoreactivity

was observed in the ovary. The GSI values of the
prawns treated with GnRHs and GnRH analog were
greater than that of the control, and the ovarian cycle
of the treated prawns was apparently shorter.
Administration of the GnRHs and GnRH analog
showed a comparable number of spawned eggs and
percentage of successful fertilization as with the
control.
L05-18

Identification Tissue- and Stage-specific Expression of 2-cys Peroxiredoxins from Fasciola gigantica: K. Chaithirayanon and P. Sobhon; Departments
of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University,
Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand
We have cloned and characterized an antioxidant
gene belonging to the 2-Cys family of peroxiredoxins
by immunoscreening of an adult-stage F. gigantica
cDNA library using a rabbit antiserum against
tegumental antigens of the parasite. Both FgPrx1 and
FgPrx2 consist of 218 amino acids each with a
predicted molecular weights and isoelectric points
(pI), respectively of FgPrx1, 24.57 kDa and pI 7.65;
FgPrx2, 24.63 kDa and pI 7.04. The two predicted F.
gigantica Prx proteins are 98.6% identical to each
other and to Prx from mammalian (50% identity). A
phylogenetic analysis reveals that FgPrx1 and
FgPrx2 appear to be more closely related to those of
F. hepatica. Northern blot analysis has shown a
single hybridizing transcript of approximately 1 kb in
the juvenile and adult parasite. RNA in situ
hybridization histochemistry has shown the presence
of two FgPrx transcripts in three developmental
stages of liver fluke. In the adult parasite,
peroxiredoxin transcripts are located to the cells of

Expression of Serotonin (5-HT) and Dopamine

(DA) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and
Ovary of the Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus
pelagicus: Prapee Sretarugsa1, Jirasuda Nakiem1,
Jittipan Chavadej1, Maleeya Kruatrachue2 and
Prasert Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
The aim of this study is to reveal the existence of
5-HT and DA in the CNS and ovary during the
ovarian cycle of the female adult blue swimming
crab, Portunus pelagicus using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We demonstrated both 5-HT and DA immunoreactivity (-ir) in
the cell bodies of medium-sized neurons of neuronal
clusters and neuropils in eyestalk and brain, In
addition, both 5-HT and DA were also detected in the
cell bodies of some giant neurons and small glia cells
of TG. Remarkably, both 5-HT-ir and DA-ir were
also detected in the cytoplasms of oocyte stage 1
(Oc1), Oc2 and Oc3. Furthermore, DA-ir was also
revealed in the follicular cells surrounding Oc3 and
fully mature oocyte (Oc4).
L05-21

POSTER TUESDAY

The Existence of Gonadotropin-Releasing

Hormone (GnRH) Immunoreactivity in the
Central Nervous System and Ovary and the
Effects of GnRHs on the Ovarian Maturation in
the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon: P.
Ngernsoungnern1,2, A. Ngernsoungnern1,2, W.
Weerachatyanukul1, J. Chavadej1, P. Sobhon1 and P.
Sretarugsa1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
We demonstrate the existence of GnRH-like
factors in Penaeus monodon by detecting the
presence of immunoreactivities against lGnRH-III
and octGnRH in neurons of the supraesophageal
ganglion and some nerve tracts of the central nervous
system, whereas lGnRH-I immunoreactivity was
observed in follicular cells of various stages ovaries.
Moreover, three isoforms of GnRH were able to
shorten the duration of ovarian maturation in both
eyestalkablated and eyestalk-intact shrimp. L05-19

gut epithelium, tegument, and reproductive organs,

including prostate gland, vitelline glands, testis and
eggs. In 4-week old juveniles, a similar distribution
pattern is observed. Metacercaria and newly excysted
juveniles positive signal is strongest in the gut
epithelium and moderately in the tegumental cells.
This analysis suggests the overall 2-cys peroxiredox
in mRNA level is highest in the gut epithelium
consistent with the developmental stages- and tissuespecificities. Taken together with the recent finding,
we are further characterizing the expression and
activities of these recombinant proteins lead us to
believe the antioxidant role of parasite against host
immune cells.
L05-20

Existence of Growth Hormone in Tissues of

Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus): P. Saitongdee1, S.
Apisawetakan2, P. Hanna1, T. Poomthong3 and P.
Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road,
Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, 2Institute of Molecular
Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University,
Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhonpathom,
73170, Thailand, 3The Coastal Aquaculture Research
and Development Centre, Department of Fisheries,
Ministry of Agriculture and Coorperatives, KlongWan, Prachaubkirikhan, 77000, Thailand
Growth hormone immunoreactivity was localized
in the tissues of abalone, Haliotis asinina. Immunopositive reactions were detected in the neurosecretory
cells of the neural ganglia, in globlet-like cells of
digestive tract, in the epithelial cells of foot, in the

115

acinar cells of hepatopancreas, and in the early stages

of oocytes and spermatocytes of gonads. Western
blot analysis revealed the presence of growth
hormone protein in these tissues. The molecular
weight of growth hormone was found varying from
~45 to ~110 kDa. These protein bands could
represent growth hormone isoforms. The results
indicate that a growth hormone may be involved in
control of growth and reproduction.
L05-22

POSTER TUESDAY

The Comparison of Porin and ATPase in the

Bovine Heart Mitochondrial Cristae: Tae-Keun
Kim1, In-Ki Youn2, In-Sik Lee3 and Soo-Jin
Kim1; 1Department of Life Sciences, Hallym
University, Okchon-dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do
200-702, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy, College
of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Sinchangmyeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea,
3
Catholic medical Center, Catholic University of
Korea Songeui Campus, Banpo 4-dong, Seocho-gu,
Seoul, Korea
ATP is the energy source which is synthesized at
the electron transferase that consist of comLex I, II,
III, IV and V in mitochondrial cristae. The complex
V functions as ATPase which composed of subcomplex F0 and F1. Porin or VDAC(voltagedependent anion-selective channel), is a family of
small pore-forming proteins of the mitochondrial
outer membrane. Presence of porin shows existence
of mitochondria and presence of ATPase means ATP
is being produced. However, porin and ATPase did
not exist at the same time at the most of tissue. As a
result, an assumption can be made. There are some
mitochondria that producing ATP and others that do
not.
L05-23
Morphological Change and Mitochondrial Enzyme
Distribution of the Cultured Fibroblast of Rat
Infected with Chlonorchis sinensis: Jun-Yeong Oh1,
Jeong-Hyeon Lee2
and
Byoung-Wook Lee1,
1 1
Soo-Jin Kim ; Department of Life Sciences, Hallym
University, 1 Okchon-Dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do
200-702, Korea, 2Electron Microscope Laboratory,
College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University,
Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
Variety glycoprotein terminal are distributed on
the plasma membrane surface of fibroblast of bile
duct. Chlonorchis sinensis is a parasite that causes
diseases on hosts liver. When worm is growing, it
cause bililary epithelial hyperplasia around the
parasite and an inflammation and fibrosis around bile
duct. Chlonorchis sinensis infected bile duct fibroblasts
dividing rate was lower than normal rat, and there
was morphological modification of cytoplasmic
process. As a result of culturing normal rats bile
duct fibroblast and Chlonorchis sinensis infected bile
duct fibroblast and observing mitochondrial enzyme

116

(cytochrome-c-oxidase) in a method of immunohistochemistry, the quantity of cytochrome-c-oxidase in

Chlonorchis sinensis infected bile duct fibroblast was
thought to be smaller than normal bile duct fibroblast.
L05-24
Distribution of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
and Its Role in Controlling Ovarian Maturation of
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus: C. Wanichanon1, P.
Nuurai1, A. Engsusophon1, C. Kuanpradit1, T.
Poomtong2 and P. Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok
10400, Thailand, 2The Coastal Aquaculture Research
and Development Center, Department of Fisheries,
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, KlongWan,
Prachaubkirikhun 77000, Thailand
Gonadotropin releasing hormone is a peptide
hormone which plays an important role in controlling
the reproduction in many vertebrates and invertebrates In
this study shown that GnRH immunoreactivity was
present in the neurosecretory cells of the cerebral
ganglion and follicular cells of the ovary of female H.
asinina. GnRH could also stimulate ovarian maturation to reach maturity quicker than normal. L05-25
The Androgenic Gland and Isolation of an Insulin-like
Gene in Portunus pelagicus: M. Sroyraya, M. J.
Stewart2, I. Phoungpetchara1, P. J. Hanna3 and P.
Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400
Thailand, 2School of Medicine, 3School of Life and
Environmental Science Deakin University, Geelong,
Victoria 3217, Australia
Sexual differentiation in crustaceans is controlled
by the androgenic gland (AG), through the Androgenic
gland hormone (AGH). This hormone plays a pivotal
role in the development of male secondary
characteristics, and inhibition of female secondary
characteristics. In Portunus pelagicus, the AG is
attached to the distal part of spermatic duct at the
fifth pair of walking legs. Histology of AG shows 2
cells types, Type I and Type II cells respectively.
Type I cells are smaller spherical cells with a round
nucleus, vacuolated cytoplasm, which stain intensely
when counterstained with hematoxylin. Type II cells
are similar to Type I cells, in possession of a round
nucleus and vacuolated cytoplasm, but they larger
and stain lightly with hematoxylin.
L05-26
The Formation and Change of Cytochrome-coxidase in the Mitochondria of the Bovine Cardiac
Muscle: Jae-bom Lee1, Soo-Sung Kim2, Kyung-Hee
Hwang3 and Soo-Jin Kim1; 1Department of Life
Sciences, Hallym University, 1 Okchon-dong,
Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Korea, 2National
Cancer Center, Madu 1-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures

Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and
Toru Noda
Morphologic Characterization of Human Glioma
Cells in Three-dimensional Cell Culture: Y.
Manome1, T. Kobayashi2 and M. Watanabe1;
1
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of
DNA Medicine, Research Center for Medical
Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine,
3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
105-8461, 2Research Center for Cancer Prevention
and Screening, National Cancer Center. 5-1-1 Tsukiji,
Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-0045
Cell culture is a basic technique for understanding
the nature of tissues and organs in human body Two
types of matrixes; type I collagen and biodegradable
gelatin, were used for the study. Four malignant
glioma cell lines, T98G, A172, KNS42, and
U118MG were were grown in normal culture flask
until start of the experiments. The three-dimensional
culture method was described previously. Specimens
were fixed, dehydrated, processed by isoamyl-acetate
and dried. After coated with ion-sputtered gold and
palladium, specimens were observed by a JSM-5800LV
Scanning Electron Microscope at accelerating
voltage of 15KV. Glioma cells were more adhesive
to type I collagen while growth was faster in the
gelatin matrix. However, the basic feature of cultured
glioma was similar in both materials. When glioma
cells were grown in the mesh, each cell line
presented the different form. U118MG cells tightly
attached to the scaffold and demonstrated dispersive
growth with numerous fiber formations. To the
contrary, KNS42 and A172 cells aggregated, clung in
each other, and built balloon-like structures. While

both cells formed conglomerates, KNS42 cells

bonded more tightly than A172 cells. T98G cells
demonstrated intermediate character. We conclude
this culture method with electron microscope observation
may have a role to elucidate character of gliomas in
human body.
L06-23
Dynamics of Cytoskeletal and Tyrosine
Phosphorylated Proteins in Sperm of the Black
Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon: Rapeepun
Vanichviriyakit1,2, Wattana Weerachatyanukul1,
JittipanChavadej1, Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul1,2
and Prasert Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy,
2
Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology
and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road,
Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
The structures of spermatozoa are divided into 3
parts: 1) the main body containing highly
decondensed chromatin fibers, 2) subacrosomal
region, 3) acrosomal region containing sac-like
structure and the anterior spike. Immunolocalization
showed that actin was accumulated in the
subacrosomal region and also the spherical mass
formed during acrosome reaction (AR). While
cytokeratin was found in the sperm cytoplasm,
alpha-tubulin staining suggested the presence of
sperm centrosome. The different staining pattern of
protein tyrosine phosphorylation in non-capacitated
and capacitated sperm was also shown.
L06-24

POSTER TUESDAY

si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 3Yonsei University Medical

Center, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
Cytochrome-c-oxidase in mitochondria membrane
is one of the most important factor of energy
generation in the cell. Meanwhile, porin protein is
located in inner-, outer-membrane of mitochondria,
andit is assumed to be correlated with cytochrome-coxidase,have been found that mitochondrial functions.
Therefore, the project, using the immune-microscopy,
focused on its relationship between distribution of
cytochrome-c-oxidase and porin protein. As a result,
it assumed that immature mitochondria has many
porins to transfer protein-materials from sarcroplasm
through the Porins, and they made cytochromec-oxidase until it is enough, and then they decreased
the porin and maintained minimum number of the
porin.
L05-27

Application of Antigen to Esophageal Lumen

Results in Airway Inflammation in Ovalbuminsensitized Rat: S. Chen1, C. Y. Shi1, S. P. Liu1, D.
Chao1 and H. T. Huang1,2; 1Department of Biological
Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2Department of Beauty Science,
Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
Application of HCl in rat esophageal lumen lead to
tracheal inflammation by activating the neural reflex
pathway that causes tachykinins to release. The
present study investigated if infusion of ovalbumin
(OVA) into esophageal lumen of OVA-sensitized rat
could evoke inflammation in rat airways. Inflammatory
response peaked at 30 minutes after OVA infusion.
Numerous leaky vessels were observed in various
lower airway tissues. Plasma leakage gradually
diminished at 3 hours after OVA. However, a second
increased plasma leakage peaked at 4 hours after
OVA. Bilateral vagotomy significantly reduced the
magnitude of OVA-induced plasma leakage and
tissue edema. It is concluded that there existed early
and late phases in inflammatory response in
OVA-sensitized rats receiving intra-esophageal OVA
challenge and the underlying mechanism involved
vagal innervation.
L06-25

117

POSTER TUESDAY

Classification of the Male Germ Cells during

Spermatogenesis in the Giant Freshwater Prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Jaruwan Poljaroen,
Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit, Yotsawan Tinikul, Ittipon
Phoungpetchara, Wattana Weerachatyanukul and
Prasert Sobhon; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road,
Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
Based on ultrastructrual characteristics, the
developing male germ cells are classified into 10
stages, including spermatogonia, 6 stages primary
spermatocytes (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene,
diplotene, diakinesis and metaphase), secondary
spermatocyte, three stages of spermatids and mature
sperm. The classification of spermatids into 3 stages
is based on the pattern of chromatin condensation.
Mature sperm exhibits everted umbrella-shaped
acrosome and spike covering one side of the nucleus,
and it shows completely decondensed chromatin,
which occurs as the result of almost total dehistonization
and lack of protamine.
L06-26
6-hydroxydopamine Induced Inflammation and
Triggered Secretion in Rat Prostate Gland:
Wen-Hung Huang2, Shang-Pin Liu1, Wei-Ban Chang1,
Jen-Tai Lin3 and Hung-Tu Huang1,4; 1Department of
Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen
University, Kaohsiung, 2Division of Urology,
Department of Surgery, Long Chuan Veterans
Hospital, 3Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung
Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 4Department
of Beauty Science, Meiho Institute of Technology,
Pingtung, Taiwan
The mechanisms underlying the 6-hydroxydopamine
(6-OHDA)-induced inflammatory response in the
prostate gland in anaesthetized male rats of LongEvan strain were investigated. Moreover, dissecting
and light microscopes and scanning electron
microscope were employed to observe changes in
glandular tubules of prostate. Glandular lumen was
filled with secretion in 6-OHDA treatment group.
Under scanning electron microscope observation,
6-OHDA triggered the release of secretory granules
in prostate gland cells. It was concluded that free
radical and tachykinin mechanisms were involved in
6-OHDA-induced inflammation in prostate gland.
Discharge of secretion was associated with
6-OHDA-induced inflammation.
L06-27
Effect of Surfactant on the Morphology of
Basidiomycetes during Bioremediation of Polychlorinated Dioxins: R. Wakimot1, Y. Ezoe2, R.
kondou2 and S. Chisaka1; 1JEOL DATUM LTD.,
1156 Nakagami, Akishima city, Tokyo, Japan,
2
Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products
Sciences. Graduate School of Kyushu University,
6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581,
Japan

118

We extracted polychlorinated-dioxins from the

polluted-soil by using surfactant solution and
biodegradation of the extracted compounds by white
rotting basidiomycetes in the solution was attempted.
The morphological changes of mycelia affected by
various concentrations of the surfactant were
observed by SEM and TEM. The mycelia cultured in
the medium containing surfactant were likely to be
squashed and damages on the mycelial surface were
observed. The cell walls of the mycelia exposed to
the surfactant became thinning according to the
increase of the surfactant concentration. It is
observed that the appearance of cytoplasmic matrix
and organelles in the cell were scarcely.
L06-28
Features of Hepatic Microvasculature in Thioacetamide-Induced Experimental Cirrhosis: S.
Nilbu-nga1, R. Poonkhum1, S. Wattanasirichaigoon2
and W. Pradidarcheep1; 1Department of Anatomy,
2
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
This study could demonstrate the most important
changes of the microcirculation in the experimental
thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis by scanning
electron microscopy of corrosion casts. Once the
cirrhosis had developed, the changes are 1) the whole
microvascular bed appears to be composed of groups
of sinusoid nodules of varying diameters, 2) the
distance between the pre- and postsinusoidal vessels
is shorter, 3) sinusoids in micronodules are shrunken
and tortuous, 4) a perinodular vascular plexus has
developed and finally, 5) newly formed shunting
vessels bypassing the sinusoids are present. In spite
of these changes, a viable function is still maintained.
L06-29
Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on the Primary
Roots of Eddo under the Aluminum Treatment: M.
Kawasaki, N. Hirano, M. Taniguchi and H. Miyake;
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya
University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
Effects of exogenous spermidine, which is a
common PA in higher plants, on the primary roots of
eddo under the Al treatment were investigated by
morphological analysis using a stereomicroscope, a
fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron
microscope. The results showed that exogenous
application of spermidine induced reductions in the
injury level in apical parts of the primary roots under
Al treatment. In addition, it was suggested that Al
stress and exogenous spermidine affected the
formation of Casparian strips.
L06-30
Protective Effect of Glial Cell Line-Derived
Neurotrophic Factor Gene Transfer during
Constriction-induced Peripheral Nerve Injury:
Jhih-Yin Shi1, Guei-Sheung Liu2, Ming-Hong Tai2,

Freeze-fracture Electron Microscopy of Tight

Junction Strands Formed by Expression of
Claudin-1 Mutants in the Second Extracellular
Loop: T. Inai, A. Sengoku, E. Hirose and Y. Shibata;
Department of Developmental Molecular Anatomy,
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu
University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, 812-8582
Fukuoka, Japan
To investigate a role of the second extracellular
loop (ECL2) of claudin-1 in formation of tight
junction strands, we constructed mutated claudin-1 in
the ECL2 which was tagged with a mycepitope at the
COOH-terminus, FYmyc and Lmyc. When
Lmyc was expressed in MDCK II cells, it formed
tight junction strands in lateral plasma membranes,
whose intramembranous particles were associated
equally in the protoplasmic (P)- and exoplasmic
(E)-face. On the other hand, FYmyc formed
aggregated short tight junction strands in the P-face.
These results suggest that the ECL2 of claudin-1 may
be involved in determining structure of tight junction
strands.
L06-32

Study of Penetration Pathway via Skin Pore Using

Magnetic Nanoparticle in Hairless Mouse Skin: Ki
Ju Choi1, Sang Eun Lee2, Kwan Sik Youn3, Eun
Kyung Choi4, Do Sun Lim5 and Seung Hun Lee2;
1
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Eulji University,
Seong-nam, Korea, 2Department of Dermatology,
Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea, 3Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University,
Seoul, Korea, 4Laboratory of Electron Microscopy,
Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, National University
Hospital, Seoul, Korea, 5Department of Dental
Hygiene, Eulji University, Seong-nam, Korea

Magnetic nanoparticle has a possible composition

comparatively easily and evenly to size fewer than
10nm, can attach molecules such as protein or
imaging probe on the particle surface and is used by
cell labeling or nanocarrier etc. In this study we
investigated the magnetophoresis-induced permeation
pathway in the murine skin using Fe3O4 nanoparticles
as a tracer and examined with confocal microscopy
and transmission electron microscopy as visualization
methods. In results, tracer permeation observed in
only lipid layer of SC in epidermis, and dermis
observed that is permeated to subcutaneous fat layer,
sebaceous glands and muscle. In interesting, permeated
tracer observed definitely in sebaceous glands and
subcutaneous fat cell.
L06-33

The Oogenesis of Glow-light Tetra, Characidae,

Teleost: D.H. Kim1,2, K.J. Lee1,3, B.S. Chang4 and
Y.C. Teng1,2; 1Department of Environmental Medical
Biology, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science,
3
Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of
Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon
220-701, Korea, 4Department of Cosmetology,
Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706,
Korean
The oogenesis of glow-light tetra was investigated
by light microscope to compare with other families.
A pair of ovary was located between swim bladder
and intestines. The ovary was of white color and
ellipsoidal shape, the major axis 11, the minor axis 4.
The cytoplasm of glow-light tetra oogonia was
basophilic, and many nucleoli were located at inner
side of nuclear membrane. In primary oocytes, yolk
vesicles were distributed in marginal area only and
egg envelope was not formed on egg outside. In
secondary oocyte, the egg envelope was formed and
yolk vesicles were increased than that of early stage
in cytoplasm. The amount of basophilic substance
was decreased. In case of matured egg, thickness of
egg envelope and size of egg were increased,
basophilic substance was distributed in egg envelope
around only. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk
mass in accordance with development. In conclusion,
it is summarized that the oogenesis of glow-light
tetra, Hemigrammus erythrozonus was the increase
of cell size, the formation and accumulation of yolk,
and decrease of basophilic intensity in cytoplasm.
The oogenesis of glow-light tetra seems to be
common pattern in Characidae, teleost and have a
similar pattern with other teleost.
L06-34

POSTER TUESDAY

Hung-Tu Huang3 and David Chao1; 1Department of

Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen
University, 2Department of Medical Research and
Education, Taiwan, Veteran General Hospital,
Taiwan, 3Department of Beauty Science, Meiho
Institute of Technology, Taiwan
The study were to evaluate the protective effect of
GDNF during constriction-induced nerve injury
(CCI). Within 3 days after injury, the neuropathic
deficits were followed with evident change in the
ultrastructure of sciatic nerve. After CCI for 3 days,
recombinant adenovirus encoding GDNF was
administrated via muscle route to evaluate the
potential of GDNF gene delivery for amelioration of
neuropathic pain. Within 14 days after gene delivery,
the GDNF signaling complex level was elevated in
sciatic nerve, and significantly ameliorated the
neuropathy. These results suggest the therapeutic
potential of GDNF gene delivery for peripheral nerve
injury.
L06-31

The Food Safety of Superfine-sized Saengshik in

ICR Mice: D.H. Kim1,2, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5,
Y.C. Teng1,2, Y.M. Lee6, B.S. Chang7 and K.J. Lee1,3;
1
Department of Environmental Medical Biology,
2
Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3Institute of

119

POSTER TUESDAY

Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei

University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea, 4Department of
Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon,
Gangwon, Korea, 5Department of Molecular and
Medical Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology,
Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon,
Korea, 6Biotech Research Institute, HDr Co., Ltd.,
Wonju, Gangwon, Korea, 7Department of Cosmetology,
Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam, Korea
This study was performed to evaluate the food
safety of superfine-sized saengshik, uncooked
powdered diet, produced by nanomill technology
through hematological, serological and histological
examination. Superfine-sized saengshik was pulverized
to the size of 500 or more and the particles of 1000 or
less were 77%. As the result of WBC and electrolytes
examination after supply of general saengshik (S)
and superfine-sized saengshik (NS) to ICR mice for 1
week, there were no significant differences compared
with normal group. In the histological observation of
stomach, small intestine and large intestine, S and NS
group didn't show abnormal feature under the light
microscope. In conclusion, our results suggest that
superfine-sized saengshik particles had an effect on
the metabolism of ICR mice. The food safety
evaluation of superfine-sized saengshik has to be
performed because the nono-processing of saengshik
may change the properties of original ingredients as
well as size, which may affect health. In addition,
further study on the superfine-sized saengshik is
required in consideration of production of nano food
below 100 through the development of nanomill
technology.
L06-35
The Anticancer Effect of Inonotus obliquus Pilat
(Chaga) Processed by Nanomill Technology in
vivo: K.J. Lee1,2, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5, H.S.
Jeong6, B.S. Chang7, Y.C. Teng1,2 and D.H. Kim1,2;
1
Department of Environmental Medical Biology,
2
Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3Institute of
Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei
University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea, 4Department of
Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Gangwon National University,
Chunchon, Gangwon, Korea, 5Department of
Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of
Biotechnology, Gangwon National University,
Chunchon, Gangwon, Korea, 6Leejema Chaga, 1721,
LG Seocho Eclat, 1599-2, Seocho, Seoul Korea,
7
Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University,
Seosan, Chungnam, Korea
This study was performed to confirm anticancer
effect of superfine Chaga processed by nanomill
technology on C57BL/6 mice. Chaga particles
belonged in the size of 1um was about 70% after
nanomill processing. As the result of subcutaneous
injection of B16 melanoma cells to the mice, the

120

tumor volume and tumor weight was significantly

decreased in the experimental (NCh) group as
compared with control (C) group and the tumor
growth inhibitory rate was 29.2%. On examination of
survival rate after intraperitoneal injection of
B16BL6 melanoma cells, the mean survival time per
a mouse was 17.7 and 26.0 days in C and NCh group
respectively. The survival rate of NCh group was
40% when that of C group was 0% at the 35th day.
On the result of examination to confirm histological
toxicity by Chaga superfine particles, both groups did
not show any morphological and pathological changes in the small and large intestine under the light
microscope.
L06-36

The Liver Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus

Produced by Nanomill Technology on CCl4-induced
Hepatotoxicity in Mice: K.J. Lee1,3, W.S. Kang4,
Y.H. Jeong5, H.S. Jeong6, B.S. Chang7, Y.C. Teng1,2
and D.H. Kim1,2; 1Department of Environmental
Medical Biology, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science,
3
Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of
Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon
220-701, Korea, 4Department of Plant Biotechnology,
School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gangwon
National University, Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701,
Korea, 5Department of Molecular and Medical
Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gangwon
National University, Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701,
Korea, 6Leejema Chaga, 1721, LG Seocho Eclat,
1599-2, Seocho, Seoul 137-876, Korea, 7Department
of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea
This study was performed to compare the liver
protecting effect of P. linteus (L) processed by
conventional mill (SCP) and nanomill (SNP) methods on the ICR mice induced hepatotoxicity by CCl4.
The hematological and biochemical examination, the
level of AST and ALT was lower in the SCP and
SNP groups than the control (C) group. In the case of
AST, SCP group and SNP group showed statistically
low level compared with C group, and moreover
SNP group was lower than SCP group. In the case of
ALT, SCP group and SNP group was also significant low level compared with C group. As the result
of histopathological observation, SCP and SNP
groups showed mild reversible degeneration of
hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells
around the central veins, but not showed severe and
wide-range necrosis of liver tissue around the central
veins like C group. The pathological changes of SNP
group was observed mild damage than that of SCP
group. These results suggested that the oral intake of
L has a liver protecting effect against CCl4-induced
hepatotoxicity of mice, especially the effect of
nanomill processed L was higher than that of
conventional mill processed L. It is supposed that

nanomill processing intensifies the functionality of

food-based biomaterial.
L06-37

Preservation of Hair Collected from Full-Term

Baby Mummy of Medieval Joseon Dynasty, Korea:
B.S. Chang1, G.Y. Lee2, C.S. Uhm3, C.H. Park3, D.H.
Kim4 and D.H. Shin5; 1Department of Cosmetology
and 2Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan,
Chungnam 356-706, Korea, 3Department of
Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine,
Seoul, Korea, 4Department of Environmental
Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine,
Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea, 5Department of
Anatomy, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Our previous studies on the ultramicroscopic
structure of mummy hair from Joseon Dynasty
(1392-1910) tombs sealed with a lime-soil mixture
barrier have provided initial, basic information on
their preservation status. We performed electron
microscopic studies on hair taken from a full-term,
intrauterine baby mummy found in Paju, Korea. The
baby mummy was found within the uterus of a
16th-century mummified woman aged 20-30 years
old. In scanning electron microscopic and transmission
electron microscopic studies, we found that the
surface of the hair of the baby mummy was coated
with crystalline substances, mainly on the side facing
the vaginal orifice. We also observed well-preserved
cuticle, cortex and medullar layers, comLetely
preserved cuticle layer scales, as well as macrofibrils
and melanin granules evenly spread within cortex.
L06-39

POSTER TUESDAY

The Effects of Saengshik Produced by Nanomill

Technology on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by
Carbon Tetrachloride in vivo: Y.C. Teng1,2, D.H.
Kim1,2, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5, Y.M. Lee6, B.S.
Chang7 and K.J. Lee1,3; 1Department of
Environmental Medical Biology, 2Institute of Basic
Medical Science, 3Institute of Lifelong Health,
Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University,
Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, Korea, 4Department of
Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Gangwon National University,
Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea, 5Department
of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of
Biotechnology, Gangwon National University,
Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea, 6Biotech
Research Institute, HDr Co., Ltd., 1214-6, Heung
Yang-ri, Socho-myun, Wonju, Gangwon 220-836,
Korea, 7Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo
University, Seosan, Chungnam, 356-706, Korea
This study was performed to confirm the effects of
saengshik (uncooked and powdered grains and
vegitables) produced by general mill and nanomill
technology on the hepatotoxicity induced by CCL04.
L06-38

Ultrastructural Study on the Well Preserved

Scalp from Full Term Baby Mummy of Joseon
Dynasty, Korea: B.S. Chang1, G.Y. Lee2, C.S. Uhm3,
C.H. Park3, D.H. Kim4, K.Y. Cho3, J.E. Na4 and H.L.
Kim5; 1Department of Cosmetology and 2Chemistry,
Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706,
Korea, 3Department of Anatomy, Korea University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 4Department of
Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of
Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea,
5
Integrative Research Support Center, College of
Medicine, Catholic University, Korea
In this study, we investigated on the ultrastructure
of the scalp skin of full term baby mummy by using
transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The
baby mummy was found within the uterus of a 16th
century (Joseon Dynasty) mummified woman aged
20-30 years old. In scanning electron microscopic
study, we found that the outer surface of scalp skin
containing of sweat gland and stratum corneum are
well preserved. The skin of the scalp measured about
1mm in diameter and distinguished from epidermis
and dermis. But, the shape and structure of the
epithelial cells are not confirmed.
L06-40
Ultrastructure of Germ Cells, Cyst Epithelial
Cells and Interstitial Cells during Spermatogenesis
of the Stone Flounder, Kareius bicoloratus: Y.C.
Yang1,2, E.Y. Chung3 and J.C. Jun4; 1Department of
Anatomy, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science,
Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine,
Wonju, Kangwon 220-701, Korea, 3Korea Marine
Environment & Ecosystem Research Institute, Dive
Korea, Bucheon 420-120, Korea, 4West Sea Fisheries
Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and
Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, Korea
Ultrastructure of germ cells, cyst epithelial cells,
and interstitial cells during spermatogenesis of the
stone flounder were studied. Interstitial cells were
observed as steroid secreting cells. The axonemal
lateral fins were observed on the tail of the
spermatozoon, butacrosome was not observed. The
nuclei of cyst epithelial cells were observed irregular
in shape after spermiation, and there were many cell
debris in the cyst epithelial cell cytoplasm. Therefore,
it is assumed that the cyst epithelial cells are
involved in resorption of undischarged germ cells
after spermiation.
L06-41

Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations of

the Pulmonary Microvascular Corrosion Casting
in Rat: Young Ho Kim1, Sung Jin Choi2 and Kun
Young Kwon3; 1Central Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Keimyung University School of Medicine,
194 Dongsan Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Korea,
2
Department of Pathology, Keimyung University
Dongsan Hospital, 194 Dongsan Dong, Jung-Gu,

121

POSTER TUESDAY

Daegu, Korea, 3Department of Pathology, Keimyung

University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan Dong,
Jung-Gu, Daegu, Korea
The pulmonary arteries repeated branching small
arteries as far as the pulmonary arterioles, and
formed rich, basket-like anastomosing capillary
networks in the alveolar walls. These capillary
networks were collected into the tributaries of the
pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries arranged
parallely with the bronchial tree, the pulmonary veins
were situated further away from the bronchial tree.
The surface of the pulmonary arterial casts revealed
longitudinally arranged oval imprints of the
endothelial nuclei. The wall of bronchial tree revealed a capillary plexus of nutrient microvessels. The
pulmonary arterial wall revealed only a single layer
of the vasa vasorum, but the pulmonary vein wall
revealed more complicated and well developed vasa
vasorum than the pulmonary arterial side. L06-42

For individual cell identifications was created

special systems - microscope-spectrometer. This
system consists of microscope connected with
spectrometers. It is possible to registrations specter of
absorption for individual cells. Systems can be used
for cytology, histology and for living cells. Microscope connected with spectrometers by means of
fiber optics. Fiber optics cables are connected to the
optical axis of microscope. Range of wavelength is
from UV to IR (from 350nm to 1100 nm). Range of
field for spectral measurements - is from 0.004 mm
to 1 mm. First step for cell identifications - is
educations - spectrum registrations for a priory
known type of cells. It is possible for identifications one
or more type of cells. Next step - cell identifications. We
produced spectrum registrations for unknown cell.
This spectrum is compared with spectrum of
educational cells. It was used pattern recognition methods
for spectrum identifications.
L06-44

Acate Toxicity of Liquid Smoke on Various

Organs of Rats: Gi-wook Kim1, Hyo-kwon Lee2,
Ho-beom Lee2 and Won-tae Jang2; 1Department of
Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital,
Daegu, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy and Electron
Microscopy Laboratory, Yeungnam University
college of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
This study was carried out to investigate the acute
toxicity of liquid smoke obtained from oak. The male
Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered liquid
smoke in various doses. The rats were observed
grossly, light microscopically, and electron microscopically.
In addition, serum lever of ALT and AST was
estimated. The results were as follows. The rats died
after ingestion of 3ml of liquid smoke within 1 hour
or 3 days. The lever of AST and ALT were 191.8
U/L and 77.0U/L respectively in control group and
355.2U/L and 93.0U/L in experimental groups as
ingestion of 4ml or 5mL of liquid smoke. Light
microscopically, the liver showed geographic
necrosis, swelling of liver cells, and widening of
sinusoids after ingestion of 4mL or 5mL of liquid
smoke. The lungs sporadically showed focal
infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes in rats of
experimental group. However, the brain, heart, and
kidney were not demonstrated significant changes.
Electron microscopically, the liver cells of experimental
group revealed cellular swelling, mitochondrial
swelling, and increase of lysosomes. According to
the above results, it is concluded that acute toxicity
of liquid smoke may occur in large amounts ingestion,
and liquid smoke may induce hepatotoxicity rangeing
from cellular swelling to necrosis.
L06-43

Characterization of in vitro Expanded Musclederived Stem Cells: L. Danisovic1, I. Varga2, S.

Polak2, M. Palkovic3, M. Kopani3, D. Bohmer1 and J.
Vojtassa1; 1Institute of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in
Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak
Republic, 2Institute of Embryology and Histology,
Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
3
Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,
Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811
08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Adult stem cells have been derived from various
types of tissues including bone marrow, umbilical
cord blood, adipose tissue, skin, periosteum, dental
pulp, etc. Skeletal muscle contains population of
myogenic cells (satellite cells) and a population of
multipotent adult stem cells also referred as
musclederived stem cells. The aim of this study was
to isolate and culture in vitro human adult stem cells
from skeletal muscle, and perform their biological
characterization by using techniques of transmission
electron microscopy, histochemistry and flow
cytometry.
L06-45

Spectral Methods for Stem Cells Identifications: N.

Koltovoy; Labmetod, 121359, Russia, Moscow,
Marchal Timoshenko Str. 19a

122

Effects of BCG on the DNA Synthesis and Ultrastructure of Mouse Gastric Mucosal EpithelialCells
Inoculated with Ehrlich Carcinoma Cells: Jeong-Sik
Ko, In-Sang Ryoo, Kyung-Ho Park and Dae-Kyoon
Park; Department of Anatomy, Soonchunhyang
University, Korea
This experiment was performed to evaluate the
morphological responses of the gastric epithelial cells
of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma
cells in the inguinal area, following administration of
BCG. Our results suggest BCG may suppress the
DNA synthesis of the gastric epithelial cells, but does

not results severe fine structural defect on the gastric

epithelial cells. These results suggest that BCG is
expected as one of the effective supLemental
anticancer drugs.
L06-46

L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity

Organized by Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yong Chul Bae
and Im Joo Rhyu

L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life

Science
Organized by Won Taek Lee
Changes in the Histomorphometry of Cornu
Ammonis Neurons of Hippocampus Following
Repeated Stress in Mice: Mitra NK1, How Hee
Siong2 and Nadarajah VD1; 1Human Biology
Department, International Medical University, No.
126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, 2Postgraduate & Research, International
Medical University, No.126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit
Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hippocampal neurons because of higher concentration of corticosteroid receptors are receptors are
vulnerable to stress1. The objectives of this study
was to investigate the changes in the morphometry of
the hippocampal cornu ammonis neurons and
biochemical parameters in the blood following
repeated swim stress for 21 days. Hippocampal
neuronal damage along with suppression of AChE

L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological

Sample Preparation and Observation
Organized by Yung-Chien Teng and Shin-ichi Izumi
Microtomography of 2-cell Mouse Embryo with
Laser Scanning Microscopy: M. A. Pogorelova1,2, V.
A. Golichenkov1 and V.N. Pogorelova2; 1Biological
Faculty, Moscow State University,
Leninskie gory,
Moscow, 117234, Russia, 2Institute of Theoretical
and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino,
Moscow province, 142290, Russia
The cell volume alteration Lays an important role
in regulation of key cellular funcions. The most
adequate approach to estimate changes induced by
osmotic shock is direct measurements of volumetric
parameters of embryos.In the given research, the
volume of embryonic compartments are determined
for isotonic and anisotonic conditions using
three-dimensional reconstruction (3-DR) of Z-stack
of optical slices obtained in the mode of laser
scanning microscope (LSM). The keeping of the
intact volume (shape) of the embryo was based on
freeze-drying technique. The obtained quantitative
data correspond to the qualitative effects observed in
experiments in vitro.
L10-12

POSTER TUESDAY

Effects of Cnidlum Offcinale Makino on Aging of

Neuronal Cell Induced by D-galactosel: Jin
Xiang-zi and Jin Qing-song; Department of Anatomy
and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic
Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin
Province, China, 133000
In this study, using in vitro model of rat cerebral
neurons, to observe the changes of aging of neuronal
cells and to explore the possible mechanism of
Cnidlum Offcinale Makino on anti-aging of neuronal
cells induced by D-galactosel. In order to the
research of anti-aging, the research of the medical
valuation of Cnidlum Offcinale Makino, the further
national development of the nation, it also provides
the necessary experimental and theoretical basis. Our
results showed that D-gal promote aging for rat
cerebral neurons in vitro. Cnidlum Offcinale Makino
has a good anti-free radical and protection. Cnidlum
Offcinale Makin can be an antagonistic D-gal on
cultured rat cerebral cells, and may be delayed aging
of cultured rat cerebral cells.
L08-04

activity following repeated swim stress suggests

involvement of cholinergic neurotransmitter system
may be initial CNS events3 after exposure to stress
and contributes to cognitive impairment.
L09-05

Synchrontron X-ray Microscopic Observation of

the Brain Sand of Human Pineal Gland: HW Kim1,
JW Kim1, SJ Lee1, JK Kim2, JH Je3 and IJ Rhyu1;
1
Department of Anatomy, Korea University College
of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ka, Seoungbuk-ku,
Seoul, South Korea, 2X-ray Imaging Center, School
of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering,
Pohang University of Science and Technology
(POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea, 3X-ray
Imaging Center, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South
Korea
Brain sand has been investigated with various
Aimaging system such as light microscopy, transmission
electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy,
simLe X-ray, computed tomography and Magnetic
Resonance imaging system. Here, we report first
observation of human brain sand with synchrotron
X-ray microscopic system. We could investigate the
internal cytoarchitecture of the two types of brain
sand without sectioning thanks to strong penetration

123

power and wide working distance. This unique

imaging system could be used for detailed analysis of
brain sand in large scale in further research. L10-13

POSTER TUESDAY

3-Dimensional Reconstruction of Virus Particles

Using Electron Tomography: Eun Kyung Choi1,3,
Man Gil Yang2, Dong Joo Chung2, Soo Hee Cho2 and
Nam Hyun Jung3; 1Laboratory of Electron
microscopy, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul
National University Hospital, Korea, 2Clinical
Research Institute, Seoul National University
Hospital, Korea, 3College of Life Sciences and
Biotechnology, Korea University, Korea
The application of 3-dimensional reconstruction
method has been increased tremendously in recent
years due to a natural outgrowth of the desire to
resolve problems related to the interpretation of
2-dimensional electron microscopy [1]. Electron
tomography is a valuable electron microscopic
technique for obtaining 3-D images [2]. With the
recent development of automated data-acquisition
system, electron tomography became an easily
accessible tool for reconstructing 3-dimensional
structures. We have used electron tomography to
reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of various
viruses including adenovirus and norovirus. In this
paper, we will present our experience in 3-D
reconstruction of viral particles using electron
tomography. Our data will help us to understand the
structural information of viruses and to apLy for drug
development in a new dimension.
L10-14
Detection of Penaeus monodon and Penaeus
vannamei Infected with Infectious Hypodermal
and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) by in
situ Hybridization at the Electron Microscope
Level: K. Chayaburakul1,2, D.V. Lightner3, C.R. Pantoja3,
Wisuit Pradid Archeep4 and B. Withyachumnarnkul2;
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science,
Rangsit University, Muang-Ake, Lukhok, Rangsit,
Pratuntani, 12000 Thailand, 2Centex Shrimp2,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd.,
Bangkok 10400, 3Department of Veterinary Science
and Microbiology4, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ, USA, 4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit
23 Rd, Sukhumvit, Bangkok 10110 Thailand.
An in situ hybridization (ISH) procedure was
developed to detect of infectious hypodermal and
hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) of penaeid
shrimp at ultra level. The procedure was using
sections of resin-embedded from IHHNV-infected
juvenile Penaeus monodon tissue. A 692 bp
IHHNV-specific DNA probe, labeled with DIG-11-dUTP,
was detected by means of an anti-DIG antibody
conjugated to 10 nm gold particles and subsequence
silver enhancement. This technique will develop to
detect follow the development of IHHNV from

124

absorption, transport and location of IHHNV within

the host cell. The result showed positive ISH in
nucleolus and cytoLasm of IHHNV-infected tissue at
TEM level. Positive ISHin nucleolus may interpret
that IHHNV which is DNA virus integrated into the
shrimp DNA.
L10-15
Structural and Functional Alteration of Human
Epidermal Keratinocytes Lacking Tight JunctionRelated Protein, Claudin-1 or Occludin: Masumi
Kurasawa1, Shohei Kuroda1, Takuya Yamamoto1 and
Hiroyuki Sasaki2; 1POLA CHEMICAL, INC., 560
Kashio-cho, Tostuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0812 Japan,
2
Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University
School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
Tight junction (TJ) is the most apical component
of the junctional comLex in epithelia and creates a
primary paracellular barrier which regulates movement
of water and solutes. In the skin, the evidences are
being accumulated that the epidermal barrier is
consisted of not only the stratum corneum but also
TJs in the granular layer. Using an RNA interference
technique, we are reporting that the importance of
two major TJ-related membrane proteins, claudin-1
and occludin on the epidermal barrier in differentiated
human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs). In this
study, structural and functional characterization of
claudin-1 or occludin deficient HEKs was further
investigated.
L10-16

Actin Dynamics in Papilla Cells of Brassica rapa

during Self- and Cross-pollination: M. Iwano1, H.
Shiba1, K. Matoba2, A. Takaoka2, A. Isogai1 and S.
Takayama1; 1Graduate School of Biological Sciences,
Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma,
Nara 630-0101, Japan, 2Research Center for
Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka
University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan
The self-incompatibility (SI) system of the Lant
species Brassica is controlled by the S-locus, which
contains SRK (S-receptor kinase) and SP11 (S-locus
protein 11). SP11 binding to SRK induces SRK
autophosphorylation and initiates a signaling cascade
leading to the rejection of self-pollen. However, the
mechanism controlling hydration and germination
arrest during self-pollination is unclear. In this study,
we examined the role of actin, a key cytoskeletal
component regulating the transport system for
hydration and germination, in the papilla cell during
pollination.
L10-17
Structure of the Blood Vessels in the Human
Umbilical Cord: Hiromi Kai1, Hisashi Narahara2,
Tetsuo Morita3 and Tatsuo Shimada1; 1Department of
Hearth Sciences, 2Department of Obstetics and

Study on the Change of Fine Structure by Time

When Fixating Muscle Tissue: Dong yong Chung
and Eun jin Kim; Laboratory of Morphology,
Medical Research Center, Yonsei University college
of medicine
Fixation is a very important step in preparing
samples for electron microscopy. Fixation protects
the autolysis of tissues and cells, and coagulates and
hardens them to prevent the deformation during the
section preparation. It is associated with the staining
characteristic and enables the section to resist the
exposure to electronic beam. Significantly increased
number of samples from muscle disease patients in
our hospital has leaded us to study the fixation of the
biopsied muscles focused on the mitochondria. As
the result of the experiment, the increase of mitochondria size and numbers by time was observed if
rapid fixation was not achieved after biopsy.
L10-19
Developmental Morphology of the Intercalated
Disk in the Monkey Myocardium: H. Kawazato1,
A. Yasuda1, L. Zhang2 and T. Shimada3; 1Institute of
Scientific Research, Oita University, Japan, 2Heibei
Medical University,China, 3Department of Health
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University,
Japan
Working cardiac myocytes in the mammalian
myocardium were quasicylindrical in shape, bifurcated and connected end-to-end with adjacent myocytos. In this study, developmental morphology of
the intercalated disk in the monkey heart is examined
by TEM and SEM. They showed a stairlikely profile,
and consisted of steps (plicate segments) and risers
(interplicate segments). The steps were filled with
numerous finger-like microprojections, including

desmosomes. The risers included large gap junctions.

With gradual development, the intercalated disks
became bigger and showed a complicated profile.
L10-20

Electron Microscope Studies on the ExcitationContraction Coupling in Scorpionfish Swimbladder

Muscle: Risa Hatakeyama1, Yoshioki Shimizu1,
Minori Tuji3, Juri Tanaka2, Shu Iguchi2, Kouhei
Kuroda2, Takashi Murayama3 and Suechika
Suzuki1,2,4; 1Department of Biological Sciences,
Graduate School of Sceince, 2Department of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan,
3
Depatment of Pharmacology, Juntendo University
School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421,
Japan, 4Research Institute for Integrated Science,
Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591293, Japan
To give further information on the fine structures
concerning the excitation-contraction coupling in the
scorpionfish swimbladder muscle (SBM), conventional and immuno-electron microscope studies on
the distribution of various transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum (T-SR) complexes, on the localization of ryanodine receptor (RyR) isoforms, and on
the identification of Ca-binding protein were carried
out. Results revealed that the Z-type triad is
exclusively found in the anterior SBM fibers in
contrast with the posterior SBM fibers, that both
aRyR and bRyR isoforms are located in the
junctional membrane of SR, and that Ca-binding
protein in the terminal cisternae of SR is calsequestrin.
L10-21

POSTER TUESDAY

Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University,

Oita, Japan, 3Okawa Women Hospital, Oita, Japan
The umbilical cord, which connected between the
fetus and the placenta, consisted of blood vessels and
gelatinous tissue, Wartons jelley. There were two
umbilical arteries and an umbilical vein in the
umbilical cord. Although both blood vessels
considerably differed in structure from adult ones,
their detailed structure is remained to be unclear. In
this study, the fetal, placental and middle regions in
the umbilical cord were taken at postpartum period
and examined by histochemistry, TEM and SEM. For
SEM, connective tissue elements were digested by
the NaOH maceration method. Immediately after
birth, the umbilical arteries showed thickening of the
intima. The umbilical vein had the thick media
consisting of smooth muscle cell similar to the artery..
In addition, not only the developmental morphology
but also are regional differences in structure are
demonstrated.
L10-18

The Structural Organization of the Lamina

Muscularis Mucosae and Lymphatic Vessels in
the Human Stomach: Yuichi Akashi1, Tsuyoshi
Noguchi2, Eiichi Tanaka1, Kaoruko Nagai1,
Katsunobu Kawahara1 and Tatsuo Shimada3; 1Department of Oncological Science (Surgery II),
2
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3Department of Health Science Faculty of Medicine, Oita
University 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city,
Oita 879-5593, Japan
The human stomach has been studied by light and
scanning electron microscopy. The organization of
the lamina muscularis mucosae varied considerably
from part to part. In the cardia, the running of the
smooth muscle cells of the lamina muscularis
mucosae are reticular and complicated. In other part,
the running of those are parallel and closely each
other. And we found large lymphatic vessels in the
submucosa at the any part of stomach. Especially in
the cardia, there also are lymphatic vessels right over
the lamina muscularis mucosae. Cancers advancing

125

over the lamina muscularis mucosae get easily into

the large lymphatic vessels in the submucosa. Thats
why the metastasis is likely to take place all the more,
especially in the cardia.
L10-22

POSTER TUESDAY

Communication Routes between the Epithelium

and the Lamina Propria Mucosae in the Human
Colon: Kaoruko Nagai1, Tsuyoshi Noguchi2, Yuuichi
Akashi1, Eiichi Tanaka1, Hirokazu Kawazato4,
Katsunobu Kawahara1 and Tatsuo Shimada3; 1Department of Oncological Science(Surgery II),
2
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3Department
of Fundamental Nursing, 4Laboratory Research
Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University 1-1
Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593,
Japan
The human colon has been studied by light and
electron microscopy. The reticular fiber sheet was
situated just beneath the colon epithelium. The
reticular fiber sheet consisted of typeIII collagen had
numerous foramina with diameters of 3-4 m, and
had more numerous and lager foramina (5-8 m) on
the isolated lymphoid nodules in the ascending colon
than other parts. We guessed that the foramina acted
as the pathway for the communication routes
between the epithelium and lamina propria mucosae
in the human colon.
L10-23
The Organization of the Lamina Propria Mucosae
in the Human Rectum and the Anal Canal: Eiichi
Tanaka1, Tsuyoshi Noguchi2, Yuichi Akashi1, Aiko
Yasuda4, Kaoruko Nagai1, Katsunobu Kawahara1
and Tatsuo Shimada3; 1Department of Oncological
Science (Surgery II), 2Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, 3Department of Fundamental Nursing,
4
Laboratory Research Center, Faculty of Medicine,
Oita University 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi,
Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593, Japan
The human rectum and the anal canal have been
studied by light and electron microscopy. The human
rectum epithelium is single cylindric. The reticular
fiber sheet had foramina (3-5m in diameter) beneath
the epithelium. The area without crypt of the lower
rectum possessed more foramina. In the anal canal,
the reticular fiber sheet beneath the stratified
squamous epithelium has less foramina.
L10-24
Ultrastructure of the Mammary Gland in Human
Milks: A. Yasuda1, H. Kawazato1, K. Abe2, H.
Narahara3 and T. Shimada4; 1Institute of Scientific
Research, Oita University, Japan, 2Department of
Nursing Assessment, Oita University of Nursing and
Health Sciences, Japan, 3Department of Phamacology
and therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University,
Japan, 4Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Oita University, Japan

126

It has been generally accepted that the secretory

epithelial cells of the lactating mammary gland in
mammals contain two secretory substances, large
lipid droplets and small protein granules. However, there
were few reports on ultrastructure of the human
mammary gland. We succeeded to examine of
ultrastructure of secretory epithelial cells contained in
human milks by utilizing ultra-centrifugation
techniques. The precipitate layer in the centrifugation
tube contained isolated and clusterd secretory
epithelial cells. The secretory cells in the human
milks had larger secretory granules, probable
glycoconjugates, in addition to lipid droplets and
protein granules.
L10-25
Clotting Enzyme Products in Limulus Amebocyte
Lysate Reagent by Endotoxin: T. Obata, M.
Nomura, H. Saito and H. Sasaki; Department of
Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of DNA Medicine,
Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato,
105-8461 Tokyo, Japan
The appearance of these small particles means that
the influence of endotoxins has stimulated activation
of the clotting enzyme across the LAL cascade, and
the timing of their appearance is related to endotoxin
concentration. This new method (ESP method) can
be use for quick and sensitive endotoxin assay. These
small particles of clotting enzyme produced are
looked like limited size by the intensity of ESP
method. We have observed the generation of these
products by scanning microscopy during genaration.
L10-26
Iron Particles in the Human Spleen: M. Kopani1,
M. Weis2, J. Dekan3, T. Malek1, J. Jakubovsky1 M.
Miglierini3, J. Mistinova4 and S. Polak5; 1Comenius
University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of
pathology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia,
2
Department of Physics, Slovak University of
Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and
Information Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19
Bratislava, Slovakia, 3Department of Nuclear Physics,
Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of
Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,
Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia, 4Comenius
University, Faculty of Medicine, I. Radiology Clinic,
Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia, 5Comenius
University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of
Histology and Embryology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08
Bratislava, Slovakia
Iron is an essential element for fundamental cell
functions, catalyst for chemical reaction, used in
nuclear magnetic resonance. Iron can be found in
human body mainly in the form of ferritin. This
primary, iron storage protein is present in the
cytoplasm of the cells, and in small amounts in the
circulation. Ferritin creates spherical formation with

the size of 12 nm. The core of ferritin is 8 nm big and

consists of ferrihydrite. The investigation of Perls
Prussian Blue stained slides by light microscope
shows iron depositions in samples with diagnosis of
hemochromatosis and hereditary spherocytosis. EDX
and XRF analysis reveals multielemental composition.
Metal ions play important role in transformation of
biogene iron present in organism to abiogene forms,
which are toxic for the organism. Mssbauer spectroscopy of studied tissues revealed different phase of
iron oxide in the human spleen. Multielemental
composition of iron particles was found by EDX and
XRF analysis. We suppose that pH and chemical
elements are significant factors influence biomineralization of iron in the human spleen.
L10-27

L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM

and Their Applications
Organized by Kuniaki Nagayama and Youn-Joong
Kim

Progress on Implementation of a Drift-tube Design

for an Electrostatic Phase-contrast Aperture: R.
Glaeser; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
University of California, Berkeley, USA
Proof-of-concept experiments have previously
shown that a drift tube type of microfabricated
electrode can be used as an electrostatic phase plate
for transmission electron microscopy. Further
development of this concept requires (1) that the
scale of microfabricated features be reduced to 500
nm or less and (2) that technology be established that
prevents unwanted charging of the device during use.
We report that deep UV photolithography can be
used for microfabrication of devices with the desired
feature size, and experiments are currently under way

Zernike Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy of IceEmbedded Influenza A Virus: M. Yamaguchi; Chiba University, Japan
The ultrastructure of the frozen-hydrated influenza
A virus was examined by Zernike phase contrast
electron microscopy. Using this new microscopy, not
only lipid bilayers but also individual glycoprotein
spikes on viral envelopes were clearly resolved with
high contrast in micrographs taken in focus. In
addition to spherical and elongated virions, three
other classes of virions were distinguished on the
basis of the features of their viral envelope: virions
with a complete matrix layer, which were the most
predominant, virions with a partial matrix layer, and
virions with no matrix layer under the lipid bilayer.
About 450 glycoprotein spikes were present in an
average-sized spherical virion. Eight ribonucleoprotein
complexes were distinguished in one viral particle.
Thus, Zernike phase contrast electron microscopy is
a powerful tool for resolving the ultrastructure of
viruses, because it enables high-contrast images of
ice-embedded particles.
L11-11

POSTER TUESDAY

Preparation of a High Quality Cross Section of a

Bone Tissue for SEM-Application of the Crosssection Polisher to a Biological Specimen-: H.
Matsushima1, K. Nakajima1 and C. Nakayama2;
1
JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo,
196-8558 Japan, 2JEOL DATUM Ltd., 1156
Nakagami, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-0022 Japan
A bone tissue was polished with Cross-section
Polisher (CP) that uses a broad ion beam. A wide and
flat cross section was obtained very easily though the
specimen was composed of hard and soft materials.
CP is shown to be a very useful and time-saving
instrument for preparing high quality cross sections
of biological samples composed of hard and soft
parts for SEM.
L10-28

to determine the effectiveness of heating such

apertures during use.
L11-10

Observation of Polyphosphate Bodies and Newly

Synthesized DNA in Cyanobacteria by HDC-TEM:
Y. Kaneko; Saitama University, Japan
The ultrastructure of ice embedded whole
cyanobacterial cells was observed with a Hilbert
differential contrast transmission electron microscope.
We attempted to identify in vivo DNA by incorporation of BrdU, which conferred electron density to
newly synthesized DNA in cyanobacterial cells.
Localization of BrdU was confirmed by fluorescently
labeled anti-BrdU antibodies and EDX analysis of
ultrathin sections. BrdU incorporation was most
conspicuous at cellular poles and co-localization of
Br and P was detected at polyphosphate bodies and
DNA structures. Various electron dense fibril
structures could be recognized by HDC-TEM in
those areas that were electron dense due to BrdU
incorporation.
L11-12

Direct Observation of Ice-embedded Cyanobacteria by Using High Voltage Electron Microscope Equipped with Zernike Phase Plate: H.
Shigematsu; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscinece, Japan
A method to investigate ultrastructures of cellular
organisms, especially for membrane systems has
been developed in combination of transmission
electron microscope (TEM) and cryo-fixation techniques. A cryo-TEM equipped with phase plate made
of thin carbon film had been applied for direct

127

observation of ice-embedded cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 cell. But still we have
difficulties for thicker part in the cell. Here, we
developed the phase plate for HVEM at KBSI and
evaluated its applicability to ice-embedded cyanobacteria.
L11-13
TEM Techniques for Quantitative Size Measurements of Rosette Nanotubes: M. Malac; National
Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta,
Canada
Electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron holography and transport of intensity approaches were
optimized and compared for low dose quantitative
characterization of rosette nanotubes with about 4 nm
diameter.
L11-14

astrocytes expressing GFAP, vimentin and nestin

appeared for the first time at 6 hours after cryoinjury.
Proliferation of GFAP and nestin positive cells
started at 1 day after cryoinjury, reached its
maximum on day 4, and returned to normal level
after the 7th post-injured day. Proliferation of
vimentin positive cells started at 1 day after
cryoinjury, reached its maximum on day 4, and
returned to normal level after the 14th post-injured
day. Characteristic morphological chan- ges in
reactive astrocytes were seen at 4 days after
cryoinjury. In conclusion, the above results suggest
that GFAP, vimentin and nestin positive cells attend
in the formation of gliotic scars.
L12-06

POSTER PRESENTATION
L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology
Organized by Su-Ja Oh, Se Jin Hwang and Stephen C.
Massey

November 06, 2008

THURSDAY
1st Floor 13:00 ~ 14:00

POSTER THURSDAY
128

Expression Pattern of Intermediate Filament Proteins

in Rat Cerebral Cortex after Cryoinjury: Ki-Soo
Yoo; Department of Anatomy, Dong-A University
Medical School, 3-1, Dongdaeshin-Dong, Seo-Gu,
Busan, Korea
Traumatic brain injury is a multifaceted injury that
involves direct mechanical damage, intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage, breakdown of
the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and ischemia.
Even though much investigations were performed,
acceptable mechanical informations were rare. The
aim of this study was to reveal the expression pattern
of intermediate filament proteins associated with
gliotic scars in cerebral cortex of rats after cryoinjury.
A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing
300 g, 2 months old, were used throu- ghout the
experiments. To injure the brain, rats were anesthetized for surgery with 3.5% chloral hydrate (1/100g,
intraperitoneally); the frontal bones were exposed by
elevating the skin; and craniectomies were performed
adjacent to the central suture, midway between
lambda and bregma. A cryoinjury was then created
by applying a cold probe (3-mm-diameter steel rod
chilled in liquid nitrogen) to the left frontal cortex
(ipsilateral cortex) for 1 min. Rats were sacrificed
at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days postsurgery (n=3, per time
point), and three rats were sacrificed as normal
controls. Serial brain cryosectionswere made by
cryostat. For immune- histochemistry, brain tissue
sections were allowed to react with mouse anti-rat
GFAP antibody (1:200), mouse anti-rat vimentin
antibody (1:200), and mouse anti-rat nestin antibody
(1:200). The results were as follows. Reactive

I-04) Electron Crystallography and

Image/Spectrum Processing
Organized by Ji-Jung Kai, Xiu-Liang Ma and Se Ahn
Song
An Optical Device for Image and Diffraction
Phenomena: Jin-Gyu Kim, Jong-Man Jeong,
Mun-Chang Kim and Youn-Joong Kim; Division of
Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
305-333, Korea
We have made an optical device which can study
the wave optics, such as, image and diffraction
pattern, by direct operation of laser beam and optical
lenses. It consists of laser beam, goniometer,
objective lens, intermediate lens, projection lens,
CCD system and computing analysis system. As a
result of the performance test, it is able to magnify
samples 44 times and has resolution of about 5 um. It
is expected to help user to understand more easily for
the principle of TEM.
I04-08
PPA: Peak Pairs Analysis for Strain Mapping - A
New DM Plug-in: K. Ishizuka1, P. Galindo2, J.
Pizarro2 and S. I. Molina3; 1HREM Research Inc.
14-48 Matsukazedai, Higashimastuyama, 355-0055
Japan; 2Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas
Informticos, Universidad de Cdiz, Campus Ro San

Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cdiz, Spain 3Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I.M. y Q.I.,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cdiz, Campus
Ro San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cdiz, Spain
Peak Pairs is a recently introduced real space
algorithm for strain mapping. It works on a filtered
image, locating pairs of peaks along a predefined
direction and calculating the local discrete displacement field at each pair. Subsequently, using peak pair
information displacement fields along two basis
vectors are evaluated, from which the strain field is
obtained. PPA is a plug-in for Digital Micrograph
(Gatan, Inc.) for performing Peak Pairs. PPA offers
some improvements with respect to older implementations of Peak Pairs. Using PPA we can
evaluate peak intensities at specified atomic column
positions.
I04-09

I-06) In-situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM

Organized by Yoshizo Takai, Dae-Hong Ko and Ze
Zhang

In-situ TEM Study of the Alloying Process of the

Au/Ni/AuGe Ohmic Contact to n-type GaAs:
Sung-Dae Kim1, Dong-Su Ko1, Tae-Young Ahn1,
Jung-Hun Oh2, Sam-Dong Kim2 and Young-Woon
Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1
Sillim 9-dong Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea,
2
Millimeter-wave Innovation Technology Research
Center, Dongguk University, 3-26 Pil-dong Jung-gu,
Seoul 100-715, Korea
In this research, we developed an In-situ hot stage
TEM holder which was specially designed to be
fitted in the narrow gap of objective pole pieces of
JEOL 2010F. Using the home-made in-situ hot stage
TEM holder, we observed the microstructure change
and the chemical trace of metallization element of the
interlayer metal Ohmic contact to n-type GaAs

I-07) Electron Tomography

Organized by Kenji Kaneko and Se Ahn Song
Automatic Alignment of Electron Tomography
Images Using Fiducial Markers: M Cao1,2, A
Takaoka2 and R Nishi2; 1Department of Electron
Science & Techonology, Xi'an Jiaotong University,
Xianning west road No. 28, Xi'an, (710049) China,
2
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron
Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Nihogaoka,
Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
We present an alignment method for electron
tomography images by automatically detect and track
the corresponding fiducial markers from the series.
Gold particles are used as the fiducial markers and a
novel method is developed to detect the markers
accurately. Fiducial markers are tracked by taking the
relationship of positions on tilt series into account.
3D positions of the fiducial points are calculated
based on the tracking result. Projection of fiducial
points and the tracking results are compared to
evaluate the accuracy and find out the outliners.
I07-24

Multi Directional High Resolution TEM Study on

Pt Nanocatalysts: T. Sato1, M. Konno1, T. Kamino1,
Y. Nagakubo2, A. Watabe2 and M. Ogasawara2;
1
Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 11-1 Ishikawacho, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-0057, Japan, 2Hitachi
High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka,
Ibaraki, 312-8504, Japan
Technology for multi directional TEM observation
at an atomic resolution has been developed including
a high resolution level TEM and a Focused Ion Beam
(FIB)-TEM compatible specimen rotation holder. In
this paper, results of using this technology on
platinum particles supported graphite catalyst are
reported. In summary, the position of Pt catalysts in
three-dimensional space at an atomic resolution level
using a specially designed rotation holder is shown.
This technology provides effective capability to
study the fine structures of nanomaterials and their
three-dimensional positions at an atomic resolution
level.
I07-25

POSTER THURSDAY

In-situ TEM Observation of Graphite Formation

Using Cobalt Oxide Nanocrystals: T. Yahiro and Y.
Takai; Department of Material and Life Science,
Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University;
2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
We confirmed that Co3O4 nanocrystals changed to
CoO nanocrystals below 600 and catalytic
particles in a liquid-like state start moving around on
the film and leave graphite behind at 600~800. In
addition, we were able to confirm that the particles
moved while changing their crystal lattice constants
and synthesizing graphite.
I06-12

system. We will present the alloying process of the

Au/Ni/AuGe Ohmic contact to n-type GaAs with a
home-made in-situ hot-stage TEM holder, combined
with chemical analysis using the X-ray energy
dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
I06-13

Development of Automatic System on Electron

129

Microscopic Tomography for 3D Medical Examination: Akio Takaoka1, Meng Cao1, Yoshihiro
Midoh1, Tomoki Nishida1, Toshiaki Hasegawa1, Ryuji
Nishi1, Yuuki Inoue2 and Mitsuo Ogasawara3;
1
Research Center for ultra-HVEM, Osaka University,
Mihogaoka 7-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan,
2
Faculty of Information science and technology,
Osaka Institute of Technology, 3Semiconductor
Equipment Business Grope, Hitachi High-Technologies
Automatic system on electron tomography and its
application for 3D medical examination are described.
A bottleneck of automatic reconstruction is the
alignment of tilt series. We developed three software
according to the projection images. For images for
thin biological stained sample, the feature points are
detected with Harris corner detector and tracked with
KLT tracker. For images with gold particles, the gold
particles are detected with the matrix of second order
derivative after Gaussian filtering. For the other
images, the feature points are defined with the
method SIFT. These software and ultra-HVEM
tomography were applied to examine the deformation
of nuclei in human polyp. It was measured that the
ratios of surface and volume between the normal and
deformed nuclei.to evaluate the accuracy and find out
the outliners.
I07-26

POSTER THURSDAY

Tomographic Dark-Field TEM Analysis of Ordered

Variant Morphology in Ni4Mo Alloy: K. Kimura1,
K. Matsuyama1, S. Hata2 and S. Matsumura1;
1
Department of Applied Quantum Physics and
Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
812-8581, Japan, 2Department of Applied Science for
Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University,
Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Various TEM imaging modes, such as BF imaging,
STEM and energy-filtered imaging and so on, have
been being utilized in electron tomography. DF TEM
imaging is useful for observing crystalline microstructures such as lattice defects, grain boundaries,
ordered domain structures. We have made a trial to
apply DF TEM imaging to electron tomography and
have shown its applicability to display 3D nano-scale
morphology of crystalline domain structures. In this
paper, we discuss our latest results of the tomographic DF TEM observation of variant structures in
a Ni4Mo ordering alloy from the view point of 3D
morphology of different variants.
I07-27
Three-Dimensional Characterization of Pt
Particles Supported on Carbon by TEMT: T. Ito1,
U. Matsuwaki1, Y. Otsuka1, K. Matsubara2 and H.
Jinnai2; 1Toray Research Center Inc., 3-3-7 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-8567, Japan, 2Department of
Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute

130

of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto

606-8585, Japan
The Pt particles as the catalysts supported on
carbon particles was examined by Transmission
Electron Microtomography (TEMT) in order to
obtain first 3D structure of the FCE and to evaluate
later the significant parameters should be expected to
reveal the characterization of the electrode.
I07-28

Objective Lens with Long Focal Depth for Thick

Sample of Soft Materials: S. Motoki1, Y. Aoyama1,
C. Hamamoto1, H. Nishioka1, Y. Okura1, Y. Kondo1
and H. Jinnai2; 1JEOL Ltd. 1-2 Musashino, 3-chome
Akishima Tokyo 196-8558, Japan, 2Kyoto Institute
of Technology Matsugasaki, Sankyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8585, Japan
In the observation of the thick samples with TEM,
results of 3D reconstruction depend on the electron
optical conditions, such as focal depth. In this paper,
we compared long focal length optical system (fo =
52 mm/effective focal depth=1400 nm) with conventional one (fo=2.3 mm/effective focal depth =300 nm)
in order to clarify the influence of focal depth in
topographic reconstruction. The results of the TEM
images of ABS resin/OsO4 sample with the thickness
of 300 nm demonstrate that the long focal length
optical condition is of great advantage for tomography.
I07-29

Three-Dimensional Structure of Helical and

Zigzagged Nanowires Using Electron Tomography: Han Sung Kim1, Seon Oh Hwang1, Yoon
Myung1, Jeunghee Park1 and Jae-Pyoung Ahn2;
1
Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon 339-700, Korea, 2Advanced Analysis Center,
Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
136-791, Korea
Electron tomography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the unique three-dimensional structures of
helical or zigzagged GaN, ZnGa2O4, and Zn2SnO4
nanowires. The GaN nanowires adopt a helical
structure that consists of six equivalent <0-111>
growth directions with the axial [0001] direction. We
also confirmed that the ZnGa2O4 nanosprings have
four equivalent <011> growth directions with the [001]
axial direction. The zigzagged Zn2SnO4 nanowires
consisted of linked rhombohedrons having the side
edges matched to the <110> direction and the [111]
axial direction.
I07-30

A Sample Holder Developed for 3-D Observation

Using a High-voltage Transmission Electron Microscope: M. Song1, H. Matsumoto2, M. Shimojo1,3, K.
Furuya1 and H. Sano2; 1National Institute for

Materials Science, Sakura 3-13, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,

3050003, Japan, 2Yokohama Lab., Mitsubishi chemical group science and research center, INC, 1000
Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 2278502,
Japan, 3Saitama Institute of Technology, Fusaiji 1690,
Fukaya, Saitama, 3690293, Japan
The 3-dimentional (3-D) TEM observations are
carried out, in most cases, using conventional TEMs
with acceleration voltages up to 200 kV. The rotation
angle of the sample is limited by the rotation system
of the goniometer of the TEM, which are usually
equal to or less than about 60 degrees, therefore, a
missing wedge of 3-D information of the sample
takes place. We developed a sample holder for 3-D
observation using a 1000 kV HVTEM, JEMARM1000, with which the sample can be rotated to
about +/-360 degrees. The features, operation and
some application examples are presented.
I07-31

TEM Tomography Observation of 3D Structure

in Nano-composites: Shen-Chuan Lo1,2, Satoshi
Akasaka3,Shi-ri Lee1, Chyi-Ming Leu1, Li-Jiaun Lin1
and Hirokazu Hasegawa3; 1Material and Chemical
Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology
Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 2Nanotechnology
Research Center, Industrial Technology Research
Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 3Department of Polymer
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto
University, Kyoto, Japan
Polymers/inorganic-filled (PIF) nano-composites
have been interesting commercial materials, since
they display rich improved properties in composition,
microstructure, mechanical strength, heat resistance
and gas permeability. In this study, we employed
TEM tomography to observe the 3-dimonsional

An Extended Nyquist Criterion on the Minimum

Projection Number due to Specimen Structures
for High Quality Reconstruction: Meng Cao,
Hai-Bo Zhang, Yong Lu and Chao Li; Department of
Electronic Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an 710049, China
We propose an extended Nyquist criterion on the
minimum projection number for high quality
reconstruction by considering specimen structures.
The Fourier series and its coefficient distribution are
used to derive this criterion. Perfect reconstruction is
achievable for an image expressed by the finite
Fourier series, if the projection number is greater
than the highest order of the series. For the image
with the infinite Fourier series, high quality
reconstruction can be obtained if all terms higher
than the projection number are small enough to
ignore. The criterion should be considered for further
applications of electron tomography in complex
specimens.
I07-34

I-07) Electron Holography

Organized by Jun-Mo Yang and Tsukasa Hirayama

Phase Retrieval of Unstained Ferritin Molecules

by In-line Fresnel Electron Holography: Masashi
Ishikawa1, Setsuko Sugiyama2, Toshimi Ohye1 and
Takayoshi Tanji3; 1Faculty of Science and Technology,
Meijo University Nagoya, Japan, 2Nagoya Industrial
Science Institute, Japan 3EcoTopia Science Institute,
Nagoya University, Japan
Since Fresnel holograms have higher contrast than
Fraunhofer holograms in in-line electron holography,
weak phase objects can be observed with higherresolution and -precision. However, the reconstructed
image has a serious problem that the reconstructed
image is superposed by the defocused conjugate
image and then phase information of the object is
modulated. Therefore, we have developed the phase
retrieval method by the sequential inference
procedure. In the present study, a phase retrieval of
isolated unstained ferritin bio-molecules by the
procedure of a sequential inference method is
discussed with computer simulation and experiments.
I07-35

POSTER THURSDAY

Three-dimensional Analysis of Fine-structure

Devices by Fully Automated STEM Tomography:
H. Sekiguchi, S. Sadayama, K. Aoyama and N. Suzuki;
FEI Company Japan Ltd., NanoPort Japan, NSS-2
Bldg. 1F, 13-34 Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo
108-0075, Japan
The continuous development of semiconductor
devices has led to a progressive reduction in their
sizes. Therefore, the TEM technique is required for
the metrology and inspection of their structure.
However, with a decrease in size, the preparation of
TEM specimens has become difficult; this is because
in order to achieve the target size, very thin
specimens have to be prepared. Electron tomography
is one of the powerful solutions for three-dimensional
(3D) structural analysis of fine-structural devices.
For electron tomography, a cylindrical specimen is
the most ideal, as confirmed theoretically. However,
in order to employ cylindricalspecimens in fully
automated electron tomography, several points must
be considered during specimen preparation. I07-32

distribution of inoragnic filler in PIF nanocomposites. The relationship between mechanical,

thermal properties and microstructural distribution of
PIF nano-composites will be discussed in detail at
this conference.
I07-33

131

I-11) X-ray Microscopy

Organized by Hwa Shik Youn and Carolyn Larabell
Optimum Observation Condition for High Resolu
tion X-ray Microscopy: Yoshikazu Yamaguchi1,
Yoshihide Kimura1 and Ryuichi Shimizu2; 1Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School
of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka,
Japan, 2International Institute for Advanced Studies,
shimizu@iias.or.jp, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
We have derived a simple equation, presenting the
optimum experimental condition in X-ray microscopy, i.e. the distance between an X-ray source and
sample under observation, and the distance between
the sample and detector, for given experimental
condition; X-ray source size, wave length of X-rays,
and pixel size of a detector. This equation enables the
highest effective spatial resolution to be obtained by
setting-up of X-ray microscopic observation.
I11-08

POSTER THURSDAY

Computer-controlled Polishing Preparation and

Subsequent Mounting of Samples for Low-voltage
X-Ray Tomography: P. Prasad1, D. Erwin2 and J.A.
Hunt1; 1Gatan Research & Development, 5794 W.
Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA, USA, 2Gatan FA
Products Division, 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd.,
Pleasanton, CA, USA
Preparation of samples for X-ray tomography
requires thinning wafers in two dimensions and is
extremely arduous by manual methods.
I11-09

I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy

Organized by Pyuck-Pa Choi and Simon Ringer
Complementary Analysis of SiGe Heterojuntion
by 3D Atom Probe and TEM: B.H. Lee1, J.H. Suh1,
Y.K. Kim1, S.J. Kang2 and C.G. Park3; 1National
Center for Nanomaterials Technology, Pohang
790-784, Korea 2Cameca Korea, Suwon 443-270,
Korea 3Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
We have tried to enhance the reliability of 3DAP
and TEM results by using each analytical technique.
In case of quantitative analysis, we introduced 3-D
elemental analysis of atom probe to support TEM
results, followed by ppb-level analysis of SIMS and
atom probe tomography was compared with high
resolution EM in structural characteristics. SiGe
system was adopted for this study, that has been
commonly used in integrated circuits for hetero-

132

junction bipolar transistors or as a strain-inducing

layer for CMOS transistors. The correlation with the
structure and chemical composition change will be
discussed, based on the complementary results
obtained by 3DAP, HREM, EDS, EELS, and SIMS.
I12-07
Atom Probe Tomography of Diluted Magnetic
Semiconductors: R.K. Zheng, X.F. Wang, Z.W. Liu
and S.P. Ringer; Australian Key Centre for
Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of
Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
Among various characterization techniques, atom
probe tomography (APT) could be the most powerful
technique to solve the current problem in DMSs
research. APT is capable of mapping the chemical
identity and the 3-dimensional position of individual
atoms within a sample with single atom depth
resolution and sub-nanometer lateral resolution. After
APT data is reconstructed, many statistical analyses
can be applied to determine the exact distribution and
relationship of the magnetic ions and semiconductor
matrix.
I12-08

M-01) Anometer-sized Materials: Dots.

Particles Wires, Tubes and Fiber
Organized by Cheol-Woong Yang
Characterization of Nanowires Produced by
Electron Beam-Induced Deposition: M. Shimojo1,2,
M. Song1, H. Matsumoto3, K. Makise1, M. Takeguchi1,
K. Mitsuishi1, M. Tanaka1 and K. Furuya1; 1High
Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National
Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan,
2
Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama
Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan, 3 Mitsubishi
Chemical Gr. Science and Technology Research
Center Inc., Yokohama, Japan
M01-21
Observation of Laterally Coupled Quantum Dots
Using Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope:
Hanaul Noh,1 Wan Bak,1 Yasuhiko Arakawa2 and
Wonho Jhe1; 1Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea,
2
Research Center for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505,
Japan
The authors report on high-resolution photoluminescence spectroscopy and microscopy study of
laterally coupled, self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots by using the low-temperature near-field
scanning optical microscope. In particular, they have
observed characteristic doublet PL spectra, which

can be indirectly but unambiguously attributed to two

neighboring coupled QDs, as indicated by the
identical spatial images of the PL intensity. This
work may open a unique and systematic way to study
the lateral coupling of single QDs for qualitative
nano-optical analysis and characterization. M01-22

Cross-Sectional Shape Modulation of Physical

Properties in ZnO and Zn1-xCoxO Nanowires: Z.Y.
Wu1, J.J. Kai1, F.R. Chen1, W.B. Jian2 and J.J. Lin2;
1
Department of Engineer and System Science,
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan,
2
Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
The ZnO semiconductor has attracted much
attention since it has both a wide band gap of 3.37eV
and a relatively high exciton binding energy of 60
meV, important for applications of ultraviolet laser
emission even at room temperature [1,2]. More
recently, it was suggested that ZnO nanostructure
have been evaluated for potential application in the
near future. Due to the advances in nanostructure
growth and in electron microscopy for structural
characterization, ZnO has been successfully
converted into various nanophase [3]. Although it has
been known for many years that different growth
condition can alter the cross section of
one-dimensional nanostructure to from nanobelts,
and cylindrical and hexagonal nanowires, the

Simulation of Structural Changes in Carbon

Nanotubes under Electron Beam Irradiation: M.
Yasuda1, R. Mimura1, Y. Kimoto1, K. Tada1, H.
Kawata1 and Y. Hirai1; 1Department of Physics and
Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1
Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
The structural changes in carbon nano tubes under
electron beam irradiation are studied with a
molecular dynamics simulation including the
interaction between an incident electron and a target
carbon atom. The breakage and bending processes of
the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) by the
focused electron beam irradiation are simulated. The
SWNT is cut off by the high energy electron
irradiation. At the cutting edge, the cap is formed
through the dangling bond saturation. A lot of five
and seven membered rings are seen in the irradiated
area of the SWNT. This structural change caused by
the electron irradiation results in the bending of the
SWNT.
M01-25

POSTER THURSDAY

ZnO Nanorods with Two Distinct Light Emissions

from Two Separate Segments: Chien-Lin Kuo1,
Ruey-Chi Wang2, Chuan-Pu Liu1 and Jow-Lay
Huang1; 1Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan 70101, 2Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, National University of
Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 811 1Address
correspondence to this author at the Department of
Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 811
We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate
two-segment ZnO nanorods, which exhibit ultraviolet
emission from one segment and green light from the
other by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Energy
dispersive x-ray spectra with transmission electron
microscopy show a gradually decreasing Zn:O
atomic ratio from the root to the top of a nanorod and
the averaged ratios at the two ends are 57.2:42.8
and 49.5:50.5. Poom-temperature cathodolum in
escence measurements show that the nano rods
exhibit a sharp ultraviolet emission at 377 nm from
one segment and a broad green band at 500 nm from
the other, which is attributed to different oxygen
concentrations along the nanorods. The luminescence
behavior sheds a light on further applications for
nano-pixel optoelectric devices.
M01-23

physical properties of these nanostructures have

seldom been systematically measured and compared.
In our study, one-dimensional cylindrical and
hexagonal-shaped ZnO NWs were synthesized by
using thermal evaporation with different growth
mechanism. The compression of crystal characterization
and structural defects between the two types of ZnO
NWs were inspected by using SEM and TEM, as
shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The surface roughness on
nanometer scale and a higher density of stacking
faults as well as bending feature along the growth
direction in cylindrical ZnO NWs have been found.
The as-grown NWs have been characterized electrical
conductivity and PL spectrum measurements, as
shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 As compared with the
NWs with hexagonal geometry, we have identified
high conductivity implying large amount of shallow
donors in the cylindrical NWs that also corresponds
to intensified green defect emission. The pure ZnO
NWs are Co-ion implanted to make magnetic
Zn1-xCoxO NWs with following magnetization
measurements, as shown in Fig. 5 Increasing magnetization and stronger ferromagnetic ordering in the
cylindrical Zn1-xCoxO NWs rather than hexagonal
ones have established experimentally in conjunction
with point defects of ZnI and VO. We found that the
cylindrical and hexagonal shape effect can modulate
structural, electrical, optical, and even magnetic
M01-24
properties in ZnO and Zn1-xCoxO NWs

Bright InP/ZnS(Core/Shell) Nanoparticle: A

Versatile Fluorescent Probe for Cell Imaging:
Sahid Hussain1, Songju Oh1, Nayoun Won1 and
Sungjee Kim1; 1Nanophotonics and Nanomedical Lab,
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of
Science and Technology, (POSTECH), San 31,

133

Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea

We have developed a facile strategy for the
preparation of InP NCs. By simply modifying the
pyrolytic condition, the sizes of the as-prepared NCs
were desirably tuned and overcoated in the same pot.
Then, the hydrophobic NCs were rendered water
soluble using dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and used as
biolabels in cell fluorescence imaging.
M01-26

POSTER THURSDAY

Two-dimensional (2-D) Layered WS2 Nanosheet

Crystals: J.-t. Jang1, J.-w. Seo1, T. Moon2, B.-w.
Park2, J.-G Kim3, Y.-J Kim3 and J. Cheon1; 1Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul
120-749, Korea, 2School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul
151-744, Korea, 3Division of Electron Microscopic
Research Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon
305-333, Korea
Recent developments of 2-D nanosheet crystals
such as stable graphene and transition metal
chalcogenides (TMCs) have sparked new discoveries
in the condensed matter physics and electronics1.
Further nanoscale miniaturization of these 2-D
nanosheet crystals in the planar dimension (i.e. a, b
directions) is also of importance as numerous novel
properties arising from the lateral confinement
effects are expected. However, synthetic routes for
such laterally confined 2-D nanosheet crystals,
especially for TMCs, have been challenging since
they are unstable and immediately scroll-up into
closed structures such as 0-D onions or 1-D tubes2-4.
Here, we have developed an entirely new shape
transformation concept that proceeds via a
rolling-out of 1-D tungsten oxide nanorods for the
fabrication of laterally confined 2-D WS2 nanosheet
crystals. Their unique nanoscale characteristics can
be found in their significant enhancement of charge
capacity for the applications in lithium ion batteries.
M01-27
Synthesis of Indium Nanowire Induced by
Focused Ion Beam on Phase Decomposition of
InGaN Layers: Do Hyun Kim1, Seung Soo Oh2,
Myoung-Woon Moon3, Ashkan Vaziri4, Miyoung
Kim1, Euijoon Yoon1, John W. Hutchinson1 and Kyu
Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku
Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea, 2Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106, USA, 3Future Fusion Technology Laboratory,
Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1,
Hawolgok-dong, Wolsong-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul
136-791, Korea, 4School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138,
USA
Nanowires are ideal building blocks for functional
nanometer-scale electronics, photonic structures, and
nanosurgery devices owing to their unique and

134

exquisite characteristics. Here, we report a novel

phenomenon that provides a robust technique for
fabrication of single-crystal indium nanowires.
Indium nanowires are grown on InGaN substrates at
an ultrafast rate by using direct irradiation by a
focused ion beam and the sources of indium
nanowires are induced by phase decomposition of
InGaN substrates. The diameter and length of the
synthesized nanowires, as well as their growth rate,
can be effectively controlled by selecting the energy
of the ion beam. Using this technique, singlecrystalline straight indium nanowires with diameter
of 40-200 nm and length up to 120 micron are
fabricated at growth rates as high as 500 nm/s, which
is several orders faster than the current techniques.
Nanowires are synthesized on selected areas of the
substrate by controlling the regions exposed to the
ion beam using maskless patterning. This technique
provides new avenues for creating well-defined
functional networks of nanowires and therefore has
relevance for the fabrication of novel nanoscale
devices.
M01-28
Temperature Dependent Phase Decomposition of
ZnS Nanowire Using In-situ Heating X-ray
Diffraction: Seul Cham Kim1, Ji Woo Kim1, Hee-Suk
Chung1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro
599, Seoul, Korea
We report thermal stability of ZnS nanowires
using X-ray diffraction equipped with in-situ heating
system, by increasing the temperature from room
temperature to 900. We confirmed that assynthesized ZnS nanowires can be maintained their
own structure up to 400 using in-situ heating
XRD, also observed their microstructure through
electron microscopy analysis.
M01-29

Synthesis of ZnS Nanowires with Very High

Aspect Ratio and Their Photoluminescence Study:
Tae Jun Ko1, Seul Cham Kim1, Hee-Suk Chung1,
Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National
University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul,
Korea
In this letter, we report the ZnS nanowires
fabricated by vapor-liquid-solid manner using Au/Pd
catalysts. As-synthesized ZnS nanowires were
characterized with scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). ZnS nanowires
exhibited very high aspect ratio (~2400), which is not
reported so far. In addition, photoluminescence
property carried out using excitation 325nm line.
As-fabricated ZnS nanowires reveal its luminescence
at 430nm, 520nm, respectively. We believe that the

defect luminescence centers are caused by Au ions

(520nm) and vacancies (430nm).
M01-30
Fabrication of -Ga2O3 Nanowires Prepared by
Physical Evaporation: Seoung-Bum Son,1 Seul
Cham Kim,1 Hee-Suk Chung,1 Do Hyun Kim1 and
Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University,
Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea
In this letter, we report fabrication and characterization of -Ga2O3 nanowires synthesized through
GaAs physical evaporation. As-synthesized nanowires were characterized with scanning electron
microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray
diffraction and Raman analysis.
M01-31

Synthesis and Microstructural Study of Magnetic

Metal (Mn, Co, Fe, and Ni) Oxide Nanosheets: Jun
Guo1, Yong Hu2, Ting Mei2 and Tim White1; 1School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798,
Singapore 2School of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 639798, Singapore
Magnetic metal-oxide (Mn2O3, Co3O4, Fe2O3, NiO)
nanosheets were synthesized and the microstructure
were studied. XRD results matched body-centered
cubic Mn2O3, face-centered cubic Co3O4, rhombohedral Fe2O3 and face-centered cubic NiO. All oxides
presented 2D morphology nanosheets. Fast-Fourier
Transform (FFT) reconstruction of the HRTEM
images confirmed that the nanosheets have the same
structure revealed by XRD. The magnetic properties
of the Mn2O3 nano sheets progress from paramagnetism, to antiferromagnetism, ferromagnetism and
finally a spin-glass/cluster-glass state as the temperature is reduced from 300 K to 5K.
M01-33

Morphological Characterization of Co3O4 NanoCatalyst for CO Oxidation: Zhi-Quan Liu1, Pan-Ju

Shang2, Xiaowei Xie2, Yong Li2 and Wenjie Shen2;
1
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese, Academy of
Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. 2State Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian
116023, China.
Cobalt hydroxide carbonate precursors were
prepared by precipitation of cobalt acetate with
sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the
mediation of ethylene glycol. Thermal calcination of
the precursors produced CoB3BOB4B nanoparticles
or nanorods, depending on the temperature of
precipitation. The CoB3BOB4B nanoparticles mainly
exposed the less active {111} plane, while the
CoB3BOB4B nanorods predominantly exposed the
active {110} plane which are richness in Co3+ species
acting as active sites for CO oxidation. Comparative
studies on the nanorods and nanoparticles for CO
oxidation revealed that the nanorods showed
extremely high activity and stability for CO
oxidation.
M01-35

POSTER THURSDAY

Growth Behavior and Kinetic Energy Approach

on Au and Au/Pd Catalyzed ZnS Nanowire:
You-Sub Lee1, Seul Cham Kim2, Ji Woo Kim3, Eusun
Yu1, Seoung-Bum Son1, Hee-Suk Chung1 and Kyu
Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku
Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea
In this presentation, we report growth behavior
investigation between Au-catalyzed & Au/Pdcatalyzed ZnS Nanowire by VLS method. With
increasing temperature in the furnace, we observed
the growth rate and average length of nanowires. As
a result of the observation, we found the fact that the
growth rate of Au/Pd-catalyzed ZnS nanowire is 2.1
times larger than that of Au-catalyzed one. In
addition, thermal activation energy was calculated on
both catalyst mediated ZnS nanowire growth.
M01-32

Structural and Optical Properties of Hybrid

Nanostructures of ZnO/Si: Chang Oh Kim, Sung
Kim and Suk-Ho Choi; Department of Applied
Physics, College of Electronics and Information,
Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Korea
Hybrid nanostructures composed of ZnO
nanocrystals (NCs) and Si NCs have been fabricated
by annealing double layers of ZnO and SiOx thin
films on Si (100) wafer grown by radio-frequency
sputtering and ion beam sputtering deposition,
respectively. The oxygen content (x) of SiOx is
varied from 1.0 to 1.8. High-resolution transmission
electron microscopy images demonstrate the
coexistence of 4 ~ 5 nm ZnO NCs and 2 ~ 10 nm Si
NCs depending on x value. The PL intensity of the
hybrid structures is almost 10 times enhanced x = 1.0,
and decreases with increasing x above 1.0, exactly
consistent with the x-dependent intensity behaviors
of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure
features. These results are very promising in view of
the strong enhancement of the luminescence
efficiency of ZnO by its hybridization with SiOx for
the NC formation.
M01-34

Synthesis of Straight Y-shaped Silica Nanorods:

GZhu1,2, X.P. Zou1 and J. Cheng1; 1Research Center
for Sensor Technology, Beijing Information
Technology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for
Sensor, Beijing 100101, China, 2Suzhou College,
Anhui 234000, China
The straight Y-shaped silica nanorods have been
synthesized on Si wafer by thermal chemical

135

evaporation of mixed powders of silica and graphite

at 1300 and condensation on Si substrate without
using any catalyst. The synthesized samples were
characterized by means of scanning electron
microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The
results suggested that the straight Y-shaped silica
nanorods have uniform diameter about 50-200nm
and neat smooth surface. The growth of such silica
nanorods may be a result of the fluctuation of
external conditions and internal structure faults
causing a change in the growth direction of silica
nanorods developed.
M01-36
Effects of Dye Adsorption on the Photoelectrochemical Characteristics in ZnO-nano particles
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: Yi-Cin Chen1, Siao-Ru
Yu1, Ji-Jung Kai1 and Fu-Rong Chen; 1Center of
Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineer and
System Science, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
We investigated the fabrication technique of
porous ZnO thin-film electrode for dye-sensitized
solar cell (DSSCs).The liquid precipitation method
using zinc acetate dihydrate was applied for the
synthesis ZnO nanoparticles.A mesoporous ZnO
films fabricated by spray coating and doctor
blading.The short-circuit current and conversion
efficiency were both increased with the thickness of
sintered ZnO films, but the fill factor decreased due
to the increased series resistance.
M01-37
POSTER THURSDAY
136

Cu doped RuO2 Nanowires-electrical Properties

Measured Inside a Transmission Electron Microscope: C.C. Chen1, J.J. Kai1 and F.R. Chen1; 1Center
of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineering
and System Science, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
RuO2 belongs to a transition metal oxide family
and exhibit metallic conductivity at room temperature. Therefore, RuO2 nanowires can be a good
candidate for leading wire. However, in order to
improve the electrical property, RuO2 nanowires
were doped with Cu ions and electrical properties
were measured by scanning tunneling microscopy in
situ holder for transmission electron microscopes
(TEM-STM). RuO2 nanowires were ion implanted to
doses of 11016 ions/cm-231016 ions/cm-2 and
51016 ions/cm-2 by 72keV Cu+ ions. Then, the
specimens were annealed at 350 under Ar flow for
40 hours to reduce the ion implanted damage. By
EDS spectrum, the concentrations of Cu were about
0.76 at2.62 at and 4.28 atin RuO2 nanowires for
doses of 11016 ions/cm-2, 31016 ions/cm-2 and
51016 ions/cm-2, respectively. The electrical
properties of rutile-type RuO2: Cu low-dimensional
structures were analysed using a scanning tunneling
microscopy (STM) in situ holder for transmission

electron microscopes (TEM). The I-V data obtained

typically show linear behavior between the gold
electrode and Cu doped RuO2 nanowires at all
contact points. And then we can figure out the values
of contact resistance (Rc) and resistivity () from
equeation. In Fig. 2 the contact resistance in sample
with dose 11016 ions/cm-2 is 2.48k and the
resistivity is 46.6 -cm. In Fig. 3 the contact
resistance in sample with dose 31016 ions/cm-2 is
2.12k and the resistivity is 642.8 -cm. M01-38
Electrical Properties Measurement Fluorine-doped
SnO2 Nanowires Inside a Transmission Electron
Microscope: F.Y. Tsai, J.J. Kai and F.R. Chen;
Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of
Engineering and System Science, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
Transparent conductive oxides (TCO), such as
SnO2, In2O3, CdO, and ZnO, have become increasingly important in a large variety of applications due
to demands for optically-transparent, conductive
materials.[1-2] For enhancing in conductivity, we
usually dope suitable atoms introduce more free
carriers.[3] It has been widely used as electric leads
in optoelectronic devices such as flat panel displays
and thin film solar energy cells.
M01-39

Excitations of Surface Polaritons in NanoMaterials by STEM-EELS: Chien-Ting Wu1,

Chun-Wei Chen2, Kuei-Hsien Chen2, Li-Chyong
Chen3, Ming-Wen Chu3 and Cheng Hsuan Chen3;
1
Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 2Institute of
Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica,
Taipei, Taiwan, 3Center for Condensed Matter
Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Bulk and surface excitations of triangular GaN
nanorods were investigated by the STEM-EELS. We
observed several peaks with the characteristics of
surface exciton polaritons (SEP) occurring near
interband transitions in the spectral regime below the
surface plasmon. The SEP peaks positions correlate
well with peaks in the imaginary component of
dielectric function of bulk GaN signifying the
excitonic conditions. We also note that the
wave-fields of long-ranged SEPs are confined
predominantly outside the surface and decay
exponentially away from the surface, albeit much
slowly than typical SPs. Modern nanomaterials thus
provide new opportunities for studying surface
excitations.
M01-40

Formation of Porous GaSb Nanoparticles by

Vacancy Clustering Induced by Electronic Excitation:
H. Yasuda1, A. Tanaka1, N. Nitta1, K.

Matsumoto1 and H. Mori2; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan, 2Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage
Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka
565- 0871, Japan
Porous semiconductor compound nanoparticles
have been prepared by a new technique utilizing
electronic excitation. The porous structures are
formed in GaSb particles, when vacancies are
efficiently introduced by electronic excitation and the
particle size is large enough to confine the vacancy
clusters. The capture cross section of the surface
layer in particles for the vacancies is smaller than
that for the interstitials. Under the condition of
supersaturation of vacancies in the particle core,
porous structures are produced through the vacancy
clusters to a void formation.
M01-41

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope

Study of Pt Nano Catalysts Deposited on Multiwalled
Carbon Nanotubes: H. Kim1, N.J. Jeong1, K.B.
Park1 and K.S. Myung1; 1Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), Jang dong 71-2, Yusung gu,
Dae-jeon, 305-343, Korea
CNTs were directly grown on carbon paper. For
the deposition of highly dispersed and nano-sized Pt
particles, we used chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
method. (Trimethyl)methylcyclopentadienyl platinum (MeCpPtMe3) (99%, Strem) was used as a Pt
precursor for CVD and CNTs were purchased from
Iljin nanotech. As confirmed by SEM and TEM
results, we obtained highly dispersed and nano-sized
Pt particles(~1nm) on CNTs by CVD technique,
which is effective for the enhancement of fuel cell
performance.
M01-43

Atomic Distribution of Palladium Platinum in

Bimetallic Alloys Supported on Silica: N. Castillo1,
L. Garcia2, R. Perez3 and A. Conde4; 1Facultad de
umica UNAM Mxico D.F. 04510, Mxico,
2
ESIT-IPN, Mxico D.F., 07305, Mxico. 3Instituto
de iencias Fisicas, Cuernavaca Mor., 07305, Mxico,
4
CINVESTAV, Fsica, Mxico D.F., 07360, Mxico.
Pdx-Pt(1-x) bimetallic nanoparticles supported on
amorphous silica (SiO2) were prepared by wetness
impregnation techniques with choroplatinic acid
(H2PtCl6) and palladium chloride (PdCl4) with
different concentrations of Pd and Pt at about 1% in
overall metallic weight. The structural and physic
characterization of these samples were carried out by
X-Rays Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM), attach with X-Ray and Energy
Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS). In this work, we
observed the distribution of Pd and Pt in anoparticles.
By XRD Pdx-Pt (1-x) Nanoparticles are made of a
single solid solution of Pd and Pt atoms, and the
particles diameter of about 4 nm was estimated by
TEM and Bright field image, were found mainly to
have cubeoctahedral shape with fcc packing Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (XEDS) allowed to
determine that Pd-Pt nanoparticles composition and
their values were found to be close to the stochiometric relative concentrations in weight of the
metals, in the precursor a! queous solution.
According to the results, the samples that presented

POSTER THURSDAY

Synthesis of B4C Nanobelts in Porous SiC Bodies:

In Chul Jung1, Sang Woong Na1, Dong Hyuk Kim1,
Jaehyung Lee1 and Bong-Ki Min2; 1Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam
University, Gyongbuk 712-749, Korea, 2Instrumental
Analysis Center, Yeungnam University, Gyongbuk
712-749, Korea
B4C nanobelts were synthesized in porous SiC
bodies, which had a sponge microstructure. The pore
sizes of the SiC bodies were approximately 600m.
The raw materials for B4C whiskers were B2O3 and
carbon black. Nanowires and nanobelts grew by the
vapor-liquid-solid process, and the catalysts used
were Fe, Co and Ni. The heat treatment for the
growth was performed between 1400~1600 for 1
or 2 h. The diameters of B4C wires ranged from 0.1
to 1m. The width and thickness of the belts were
approximately 3m and 0.1m. The length of the
grown B4C wires and belts were over 100m.
Different growth conditions resulted in different
nanobelt size, yield and structures.
M01-42

Study of Quantized Conductance for Gold

Nanowire Using TEM-STM: Y. Kurui1, Y. Oshima2
and K. Takayanagi1,2; 1Dept. Cond. Matt. Physics,
Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, 2Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of
Technology, J1-3, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan, 3CREST-JST, Kawaguchi,
Saitama, Japan
Using a transmission electron microscope combined with a scanning tunneling microscope, the relationship between structure and conductance of gold
nanowires with axis along the [110] direction is
investigated. The conductance histogram appear at
integral multiples of the conductance quantum,
which is a direct evidence that these peaks are due to
one-by-one evolution of conductance channel. The
shape of the hexagonal cross section of the [110] Au
nanowires are defined as (n, l, m) where n, l, and m
are the number of (1,1,1), (1,1,1), and (0,0,1) lattice
planes in the wire, respectively. We observed the
histogram of the conductance for each subset of [110]
Au nanowires with fixed values of n, l, or m, which
are defined in the TEM images. Dividing the entire
histogram into the partial set of nanowires, the
nanowire structures corresponding to the respective
peaks in the entire histogram can be almost assigned.
M01-44

137

high activity in the cycloolefins reaction was the

samples with high surface area. Bimetallic Pd-Pt
nanoparticle size increases with increasing platinum
concentration in the materials, thus bimetallic Pd-Pt
nanoparticles supported on silica showed the best
catalytic conversion in clycoolefins reaction than
monometallic samples.
M01-45
AEM Study on a Few Layered Graphite Synthesized
on Ni Substrate Using TCVD: M.H. Park,1 Y.I. Lee1,
J.Y. Lee2, E.J. Kang2, J.Y. Kim2, U.K. Jang2 and
C.W. Yang1; 1School of Advanced Materials Science
& Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 300
Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746,
Korea2, Cooperative Center for Research Facilities,
Sungkyunkwan University 300 Cheoncheon-dong,
Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea
M01-46

POSTER THURSDAY

Nano and Microstructural Studies of Lithium

Manganese Oxide: N. Kamarulzaman1, R. Yusoff1, N.
Kamarudin, M.A. Bustam2, N. Blagojevic3, M.
Blackford3 and M. Avdeev3; 1Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Universiti
Technologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia, 2Chemical Engineering Programme,
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia, 3Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization,
Lucas Heights Research Laboratories, Menai, NSW
2234, Australia
This work involves the synthesis and characterization of normal and nano powders of the spinel
LiMn2O4 material. The synthesis method used is the
sol-gel method and the nano materials are prepared
using a high energy ball mill. The characterization
done is to study the morphology, particle size and
lattice spacings of the nano material compared to
normal materials given by the ICSD 50415 structure.
The scanning and transmission electron microscopy
studies show that the nano crystallites are about 10
times smaller than the normal materials. The selected
area diffraction studies show that the nano material
has smaller d-spacings than normal materials.
M01-47

M-06) Magnetic and Super-conducting

materials
Organized by Jong Ryoul Kim
The Study of p-GaN Doped with Co Ion by Ion
Implantation: Jyun-Hao Huang, J.J. Kai and F.R.
Chen; Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of
Engineering and System Science, National Tsing

138

Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

Diluted magnetic semiconductors(DMSs) based on
III-V semiconductors, fabricated by incorporating a
proper concentration of magnetic ions, have attracted
considerable attention in recent years because of the
possibility involving charge and spin degrees of
freedom in a single substance. It is expected to
provide new functionality for microelectronic
devices by exploiting the spin of charge carriers in
the ferromagnetic semiconductors. The object of this
study is making a room temperature DMS transistor
to demonstrate the possible application of DMS
technology in future spintronics. The subtract was
p-type GaN grown on Al2O3, and implanted with 72 keV
Co+ ions, to dose levels of 11016 ions/cm-2. Then
the specimens was annealed at 700, 800, 900
and 1100 under N2 flow for 3 min. to reduce the
damage during ion-implantation. HRTEM analysis of
Co dopant GaN at different annealing temperature
showed that there no second phase was observed in
the ion implanted region, shown as Fig. 1 The
magnetic properties were measured by Superconducting
Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), from M-H
curves at 5K, ferromagnetic behavior was observed
at the implanted GaN after annealing and the
specimens with same dose and different annealing
temperature shows that increased saturated
magnetization and reduced the coercivity of the
specimen at highest annealing temperature, shown as
Fig. 2 and Table. 1 And Fig. 3 is the M-T curve
shows that the Tc is above 300K, the roomtemperature magnetic properties are beneficial to the
fabrication of DMS device. Hall effect measurement
shows that the resistivity of implanted sample, which
annealed between 700 to 900, was higher than the
one annealed at 1100. In this way, the resistivity
was reduced after 1100 annealing, shown as Table 2.
M06-10
Magnetization Process of Sm2Fe17N3 Studied by
Lorentz Microscopy and Electron Holography:
K. H. Kim1, J. J. Kim2, T. Ishikawa3, K. Ohmori3 and
D. Shindo1; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research
for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai
980-8577, Japan, 2Initial Research Project, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology, c/o Hitachi
Advanced Research Laboratory, Akanuma 2520,
Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan, 3Ichikawa
Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co.,
Ltd., Chiba 272-8588, Japan
In order to understand the magnetic properties of
hard magnetic materials, it is necessary to investigate
their magnetization process. However, it is not easy
to produce magnetic field strong enough to induce
the magnetization of these materials inside a
transmission electron microscope (TEM). In this
study, we studied the remanent states of Sm2Fe17N3
after applying the strong magnetic field. In order to

introduce the strong magnetic field, we utilized two

devices, i.e., a specimen holder with a sharp
magnetic needle and an electromagnet. Observations
of domain structure were carried out by Lorentz
microscopy and electron holography.
M06-11

morphological changes, structural, and chemical

information of the films. The EDS mapping results
for cross-sectional TEM images of Pb(Zr0.52,
Ti0.48)O3 and Pb(Zr0.7, Ti0.3)O3 films showed that Ti
diffused in PZT layers across Pt layer.
MT06-13

The Structure of Striped Crystals in Ni2MnGa

Alloy: H. Maeda1, E. Taguchi2, K. Inoue3 and A.
Sugiyama4; 1Department of Mechanical & Systems
Engineering, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5,
Seta Ooe-cyo, Ootsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan,
2
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron
Microscopy, Osaka University, Mihogaoka7-1,
Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, 3Advanced Research
Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda
University, Ohkubo3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555,
Japan, 4Division of Entrepreneurial Engineering,
Osaka Sangyo University, Nakakakiuchi3-3-1, Daito,
Osaka 574-8530, Japan
An off-stoichiometric Ni2.18Mn0.82Ga1.00 alloy
crystalshows the bi-directional martensitic transformation
caused by a magnetic field at room temperature. This
alloy crystal exhibits a striped pattern covering all of
crystal in thick regions with a typical twin-like
diffraction pattern of tetragonal structures. In order to
analyse the twin-like microstructure in detail, the
diffraction along the [111] direction on the interfacial
plane was taken by TEM and examined in this work.
Accurate measurement of distance and angles
between the two neighboring 220-type spot reveals
that the lattice parameters are slightly different
between the two component crystallites of the striped
microstructure.
M06-12

*M06-14: see M06-10

Microstructure and Superconducting Properties

in Extruded MgB2/Al Composite Material Wires:
K. Matsuda1, K. Nishimura1, S. Ikeno1, Y.
Hishinuma2, S. Aoyama3, Y. Yabumoto4, L. Frank5, I.
Mullerova5, V.V. Yurchenko6 and T.H. Johansen6;
1
Graduate School of Science & Engineering for
Research, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku,
Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 2National Institute of
Fusion Science, 322-6, Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu,
509-5292, Japan, 3Nikkeikin ACT Co. Ltd, 2-2-0,
Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa,Tokyo, 140-8628,
Japan, 4Shin-Nikkei Co. ltd, 4-2-12, Narashino,
Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8530, Japan, 5Institute of
Scientific Instruments, Academy of Science of the
Czech Republic, Kralovopolska, CZ-61264, Brno,
Czech Republic, 6Department of Physics, University
of Oslo, P.O.Box 1048, Blindern, 0316, Oslo,
Norway.
Superconductive MgB2/Al composite material
with low and high volume fractions of particles were
fabricated by our special pre-packing technique and
3-dimensional penetration casting method. The
critical temperature of superconducting transition
(TC) was determined by electrical resistivity and
magnetization to be about 37-39K. A billet of the
superconducting material was successfully hotextruded, forming a rod of 10mm and wires of 3 and
1 mm. Microstructures of these samples have been
confirmed by TEM and SEM method. The
magneto-optic (MO) imaging method has been also
applied to confirm the magnetic flux through this
composite material in the applied field.
M06-16

POSTER THURSDAY

Effect of Zr/Ti Ratio on the Microstructure of

PZT Film: Young Hwa Oh1, Bon Woong Koo1, Ji
Young Jo2, Tae Won Noh2, Seung-Hyun Kim3 and
Young-Woon Kim1; 1Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Seoul National University
Gwanak-gu Silim-dong San 56-1, Seoul 151-744,
Korea, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Seoul National University Gwanak-gu Silim-dong
San 56-1, Seoul 151-747, Korea, 3INOSTEK Inc.,
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-901, Korea
The PZT films used in this study was a 150nm
thick Pb(Zrx, Ti1-x)O3 film fabricated on a
Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate with the following Zr/Ti ratio:
Pb(Zr0.3, Ti0.7)O3, Pb(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3, and Pb(Zr0.7,
Ti0.3)O3. In order to investigate the crystalline
structure and phase distribution of the PZT films with
different Zr/Ti ratio, X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku
D/MaxIII), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),
and High angle annular dark-field imaging (ADF) in
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM,
JEOL 3000F and FEI F20) were used to analyze the

Observation of Magnetic Domains and Magnetic

Fields due to STEM Diffraction Imaging: Akira
YASUHARA1, Kazuya YAMAZAKI1, Kimiharu
OKAMOTO1, Hirotoshi ENDO1 and Toshiaki
SUZUKI2; 1Electron Optics Division, JEOL. Ltd.
2
Metrology Inspection Division, JEOL. Ltd
In order to observe magnetic domains with STEM
(Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy), the
DPC (Differential Phase Contrast) imaging method is
commonly used. However to use the DPC method,
we needed the specialized quadrant detector. In this
report, we acquire the DPC images in a conventional
TEM by the STEM Diffraction Imaging technique
instead of the quadrant STEM detector.
M06-15

139

M-09) Radiation Effects

Organized by Sang-Chul Kwon and Somei Ohnuki
One-Dimensional Diffusion of Nanometer-Sized
1/2<111> Dislocation Loops in Fe: K. Arakawa and
H. Mori; Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage
Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1
Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
It has been believed that dynamic behavior of small
prismatic perfect dislocation loops-agglomerations of
point defects on a habit plane-play important roles in
the evolution of microstructure upon high-energy
particle irradiation. Recent classical molecular
dynamics calculations (MD) have revealed that
extremely small loops with diameters less than a few
nanometers in truly pure metals can undergo
one-dimensional (1D) glide diffusion in the direction
of their Burgers vector with low values of activation
energy being less than 0.1 eV. Using in-situ TEM,
we have directly examined the behavior of
nanometer-sized interstitial-type dislocation loops (>
5.9 nm in diameter) with a Burgers vector of
1/2<111> in alpha-Fe with purity of 99.998 wt. %
upon heating under the application of no external
stress and negligible internal stresses.
M09-09

POSTER THURSDAY

Analysis of a Metallic Precipitates in an Irradiated Simulated Fuel: Y.H. Jung and U.S. Rhu;
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150
Dukjin-Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
Metallic precipitates in the irradiated fuels affect
the fuel's electric and thermal conductivities, and a
large quantity of them changes the fuel performance,
especially for high burn-up fuels. Therefore,
characterizing the metallic precipitates in a post
irradiation examination is very important. In this
paper, a characterization procedure and a manner for
improving the measurement accuracy by EPMA
(Electron probe Micro Analyzer) were established
with a well informed simulated fuel which was
applied to characterizing the fission products and
metallic precipitates of the simulated fuel irradiated
at HANARO.
M09-10
Secondary Defects Induced by Electron and Ion
Irradiation in GaSb Thin Film: N. Nitta1, H.
Yasuda1, H. Mori2, T. Yoshiie3, Y. Hayashi3 and M.
Taniwaki4; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Japan,
2
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron
Microscopy, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita,
Osaka, Japan, 3Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto
University, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka, Japan,
4
Department of Environmental Systems Engineering,
Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami,

140

Kochi, Japan
In order to clarify how the morphologies of the
secondary defect are influenced by the primary
defects, both electron and ion irradiations were
performed on GaSb using a high voltage electron
microscope and a heavy ion accelerator. For the
electron irradiation, the dark contrasts by lattice
strain are observed. The contrasts are identified as
dislocation loops. For the ion irradiation, the bright
contrasts by voids are observed. The above results
show that the mobility of the vacancies depends on
the local density of vacancies strongly.
M09-11
Molecular Dynamics Study on Electron Energy
Dependence of Electron Irradiation Damages in
Graphite: T. Majima, M. Yasuda, Y. Kimoto, K.
Tada, H. Kawata and Y. Hirai; Department of
Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
The primary energy dependence of the electron
irradiation damages in graphite is studied with a
molecular dynamics simulation including the
interaction between an incident electron and a target
carbon atom. It is found that the high energy incident
electron punches out the carbon atom from the layer
in the graphite and this punched-out atom forms the
cross-link between the layers in the graphite. At high
primary energy, some of the punched-out carbon
atoms have enough energy to punch out another
carbon atom in the lower layers and the cross-link
cascades are observed in the graphite.
M09-12

Effect of IVa Elements on Particle Distribution in

ODS Fe-Cr Alloys: S. Komatsu, Y. Uchida, XH.
Hashimoto and S. Ohnuki; Graduate School of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8278,
Japan
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened(ODS) ferritic steels
have been developed as fuel materials for the
sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. The effects of
alloying elements, such as Cr and Al, on distribution
of oxide particle have been investigated to improve
materials properties, microstructural analysis
indicated that addition of IV a elements would be
effective for making fine-distributed oxide particle.
The main purpose of this study is to clarify the
mechanism of oxide particle formation and
investigate the effect of minor elements addition on
oxide particle distribution by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM).
M09-13
Damage Structural Development in ODS Ferritic
Steels during Electron-irradiation: C.Z. Yu, T.
Nagai, N. Hashimoto and S. Ohnuki; Fac. Eng.,
Hokkaido Univ. N-13, W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-8628, Japan

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic

steels have a good mechanical properties at high
temperature and are expected to have high irradiation
resistance. One of critical issues of the steels is to
stabilize the nano-sized distribution of oxide particle
in matrix. Past experiments indicated that addition of
elements in IVa family would be effective in the
nano-sized distribution. The purpose of this study is
to clarify the effect of oxide particles on the
development of damage structure. In-situ irradiation
experiments showed that interface between oxide
particles and matrix could act as the effective sinks
for irradiation-induced point defects.
M09-14

The Microstructural Evolution of Nuclear Grade

Graphite in Very High Temperature Gas Cooled
Reactor (VHTGR) Core Environments: Y.T. Hsieh,
J.J. Kai and F.R. Chen; Center of Electron
Microscopy, Department of Engineer and System
Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu
300, Taiwan
Hydrogen production from water needs very high
temperature due to the recovery process of one of the
catalyst. The newly designed generation IV reactor
(G-IV) has incorporated hydrogen production into
the reactor design. The most promising type of G-IV
reactor for both electricity and hydrogen production
is the very high temperature gas-cooled reactor
(VHTR). In this type reactor design, nuclear grade
graphite is the major core internal structural material
serving as reflector and moderator. Due to the high
temperature and high neutron flux in the core,
graphite will face very serious challenge in terms of

Microstructure Evolution of Single Crystal

Hexagonal SiC under Si Ion Irradiation at Elevated Temperatures: C.J. Ho, J.J. Kai and F.R.
Chen; Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of
Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
Silicon carbide is considered to be a promising
material in nuclear systems, such as the coating of
fuel particles in very high temperature reactors
(VHTR) and structural material in fusion reactors.
The main concerns about using this material are the
stability of microstructure during irradiation at high
temperatures, the low radioactivity after irradiation,
and the high strength at high temperatures. The
material used was commercially available single
crystal 6H silicon carbide wafer with (0 0 0 6)
orientation in its vertical axis. In this study, we
irradiated SiC up to 10 dpa using 5.4 MeV Si3+ ion
beam to simulate the radiation damage produced by
neutron bombardment in nuclear reactors. The depth
distribution of the displacement and implanted Si
ions are calculated by TRIM-code, shown as Fig. 1.
The microstructural evolution of irradiated SiC is

POSTER THURSDAY

Quantifying Helium Distribution in Dual-Ion

Beam Irradiation SiCf/SiC Composites by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: K.F. Chen, Z.H.
Zeng, C.H. Chen, F.R. Chen and J.J. Kai; Center for
Electron Microscopy, Department of ESS, National
Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu County, Taiwan
(R.O.C.)
The method to quantify helium distribution in the
SiCf/SiC composites as the first wall materials is
purposed, which can provide us advanced knowledge
of the formation of helium gas bubbles. The bubble
formation of Hi-Nicalon Type-S (HNS) SiCf/SiC
composites irradiated to 100dpa at 800 and 1000
was investigated by transmission electron microscopy.
The irradiation was performed by using dual-ion
beam (6 MeV Si3+ and 1.13 MeV He+) to simulate
the first wall environment of D-T fusion reactor.The
relationship between the energy shift of He K-edge
and the radius of the bubble was estimated for SiC
composites by electron energy loss spectroscopy
(EELS) analysis. From this calculation, the helium
atoms irradiated at C 1000 were all diffusing into the
bubbles.
M09-15

microstructural evolution and helium embrittlement.

The purpose of the study is focused on the
microstructural
evolution
and
the
helium
embrittlement of nuclear grade graphite under the
VHTR core environments. Graphite has the
characteristics to store defect energy inside the
crystalline lattice and will releases enormous amount
of defect energy when the temperature reaches the
critical annealing temperature which may cause
serious problem in reactor safety. In this project we
will study the radiation damage effect on the
microstructural defects of graphite and combine with
high temperature anneal to understand the
fundamental mechanism of the defects formation and
energy release of graphite. This work is very
important for the G-IV reactor design and operation
in the future. In order to simulate the VHTR core
environment, the graphite samples were irradiated by
carbon ions at temperatures from 500 to 1000
in our triple-beam accelerator chamber, and the doses
is up to 10 dpa. Generally the most significant
change of graphite in the core after irradiation is the
lattice dimensional variation. Based on high
resolution
transmission
electron
microscope
(HRTEM) images and diffraction patterns, the lattice
spacing of c-axis can be determined. Our results,
Figure 1, show that the lattice spacing of [0002]
apparently increased 15 after implantation at 600,
and it only increased 9 and 5 at 500 and 1000,
separately. In HRTEM image, the irradiation area
show wavy deformation of the basal plane and some
planar defects. The disorder coefficient can be
indicated by the profile of Fast Fourier Transform of
HRTEM images.
M09-16

141

examined by transmission electron microscopy, and

the thickness is determined by Electron Energy-Loss
Spectrums. After irradiation, the dislocation loops
formed above 600. By using the weak beam dark
field technique, dislocation loops was identified as
bright spot at dark field images. The loop radius
increased slightly as the irradiation temperature
increased from 600 to 1000, shown as Fig. 3.
We will continue to do higher temperature irradiation
experiment to obtain the more explicit relation
between radiation damage and temperature. Also,
identifying whether the loop is interstitial or vacancy
type is the destination.
M09-17

POSTER THURSDAY

High Temperature Triple-Ion Beam Irradiation

Effect on Helium Bubble Formation in Hi-Nicalon
Type-S SiCf/SiC Composite: C.H. Chen1, K.F.
Chen1, S.W. Lee1, L.U. YU1, J.J. Kai1, F.R. Chen1 and
Y. Katoh2; 1Center of Electron Microscopy, Department
of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, 2Metals and
Ceramic Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, TN, U.S.A.
The helium formation in SiCf/SiC composite after
high temperature triple-ion beam irradiation. Hydrogen plays a role to enhance the nucleation rate of
He-bubble and in turn reduces the average diameter
of the bubbles. Measuring helium bubbles by EELS,
about 50~60% of the incident helium were trapped in
bubbles within SiCf/SiC above 1100 radiation
temperature.
M09-18

M-10) Geological/ Minerological Materials

Organized by Sujeong Lee and Toshihiro Gurore
TEM Study on the Mineral Phases in the Suizhou
Meteorite: Ke Zhang1, Jianbo Wang1, He Zheng1,
Qike Jiang1 and Renhui Wang1; 1Department of
Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, China
Olivine, pyroxene, troilite, plagioclase, chromite
and Fe-Ni metal are identified by scanning electron
microscopy in the Suizhou meteorite. Transmission
electron microscopy on the iron monosulfide
varieties reveals the intergrowth of primary 2C
troilite and minor 4C pyrrhotite phases as nanometerscale domain microstructure. Moreover, anti-phase
domain boundaries are found to present in the 2C
troilite, and 60rotation twinning is observed in the
4C pyrrhotite. In addition, the unit-cell intergrowth
of clinoenstatite and orthoenstatite, and the
polytypism of multiple periodicities are found in the
enstatite.
M10-07

142

Geological Age Dating of Rocks by Electron Probe

Microanalysis: Seok Hoon Lee1 and Young Woo Kil2;
1
Korea Basic Science Institute, 2Korean Institute of
Geoscience and Mineral Resource
The Pb-Pb and K-Ar isotopic analyses have been
used for geological age dating of rocks. These are
very accurate and useful methods, but need complex
pretreated procedures. Electron probe microanalysis
provides a more convenient method of mineral age
dating through the determination of U, Th and total
Pb contents. Samples for age dating were zircons and
monazites from Precambrian granite and uraninites
from carbonaceous black slates, South Korea.
Electron probe microanalyses were carried out on
operation conditions of 15 kV accelerating voltage,
50~100 nA beam current and 1~5 m beam diameter.
Reference materials of ThO2, UO2 and PbCrO4 were
used for standardization. Three PET and one TAP
crystals were used to analyze simultaneously U, Th,
Pb and Y. The Y L line superimposed upon a Pb
M line was corrected by overlap correction
procedure with simultaneous measurement of Y
(0.2~4 wt.%) on another spectrometer. All X-ray
intensities were measured through the pulse-height
discriminator to remove specular reflection. Matrix
effect correction was processed by PAP program
supplied by the maker. The granite ages are
estimated as 1,93178 Ma, 1,58758 Ma, 1,310160
Ma for zircons and 1,91526 Ma, 1,582168 Ma,
1,30253 Ma for monazites. The uraninite ages are
calculated as 28326 Ma and 28127 Ma respecttively. These results mean that age dating using
EPMA represents the same accuracy comparing with
traditional Pb-Pb(1,92056 Ma) and K-Ar isotopic
method, and additionally shows the periods of other
geological events after rock forming.
M10-08
Structural Examination of Extremely Low
Crystralline Mn Silicate Mainly by HRTEM and
Cs-corrected STEM: J. Akai1, Y. Kawachi2 and
D. S. Coombs2; 1Department of Geology, Univ.
Niigata, Nishiku, Niigata, Japan 950-2181, 2Geology
Department, Univ. Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New
Zealand
Varieties of manganese silicate are known, among
them is a group of very low crystalline minerals; e.g.,
neotocite is a group of poorly crystalline manganese
silicates with formula close to (Mn,Fe)SiO3.H2O, it
grades into hisingerite. A ferric kaolinite, yofortierite
is a hydrous Mn silicate with structural formula
Mn5Si8O20(OH)2 n(H2O). New type of such poorly
crystalline manganese silicate is found from Woods
mine, New South Wales, Australia. Mineral
assemblage consists of many manganese minerals
(e.g., [1-3]). A new manganese silicate whose
detailed characteristics are to be described in another
paper (Kawachi et al., in preparation) is examined
using HRTEM and Cs-corrected STEM. The mineral

occurs as milky white mass with apparent well

developed cleavage changing to brown colour
overnight when exposed to the atmosphere, typically
in contact with bands consisting largely of serandite
with quartz. In this paper, only structural characteristics examined by HRTEM and Cs-corrected
STEM are described. Cs-corrected STEM - HAADF
images can achieve less than 2 spatial resolution
through contrast transfer function extending higher
frequencies and so is a powerful tool to examine
nano-scale structures in mineralogy.
M10-09

M-11) Applications to Materials Science and

Engineering
Organized by Chan Gyung Park
Microstructure and Bonding Strength of SUS303SUS304 and SUS303-Cu Vacuum Brazed by BNi
Filler Metal: I.H. Oh, S.H. Chang and J.C. Choi;
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH),
Gwangju Research Center
The current status of the x-ray microscope at 1B2
beam line of PLS will be introduced.
M11-19

Fabrication of the Advanced Nano Probe for

Electrical Applications Using Individual Nanowire:
Jong-Hyun Seo1, Sang-Won Yoon1, Jae-Pyoung
Ahn1,* and Tae-Yeon Seong2; 1Advanced Analysis
Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Hawolkok-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 130-650,
Korea, 2Department of Materials Science and

The Mechanical Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate

Based Thin Films Using Wrinkle Phenomenon:
Young-Kwang Lee1, Hyun-Jong Kim1, Seul Cham
Kim1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Gwanak-ku, Gwanak-ro 599,
Seoul, Korea
In this work, we assessed the elastic modulus of
ultra thin Calcium phosphate (CaP) based films of
various structures on polymer using the wrinkling
analysis. The elastic moduli were varied with
structure and composition in film. Relationship of
chemical binding structure, microstructure and elastic
modulus in the films were investigated by High
resolution TEM and XPS.
M11-22

POSTER THURSDAY

TEM Study on Microstructure of Ni-based Coating

Sprayed by High Velocity Air-fuel: Chaoqun Wu1,
Min Liu1, Changguang Deng1 and Chunming Deng1;
1
Analysis and Testing Center, Guangzhou Research
Institute of Non-ferrous Metals, Guangzhou, 510650,
China
It is well known that nickel-base self-fluxing
alloys have lower melting temperature and better
wettability because boron and silicon existed.
Meanwhile they show high hardness because of
chromium and boron. Now nickel-base self-fluxing
alloy coatings are widely used in the field of thermal
spraying for continuous casting molds and rolls due
to their good wear resistance. HVO/AF (high
velocity oxygen/air-fuel spraying) is a thermal spray
technique developed rapidly in recent year. Although
the mechanical properties of nickel-based selffluxing alloy coatings sprayed by HVO/AF are well
known[2,3], but the microstructures have not been
fully analyzed.
M11-20

Engineering, Korea University Anam-dong, Seongbukku, Seoul 136-701, Korea

Recently, electronic devices have been supported
by the nano science such as the large-scale
integration or architecture of small features. The key
issues in semiconductor industry are focused on
making the device under several tens nanometer with
high performance and measuring its electrical
properties. Therefore, the advanced nano probe for
measuring the electrical properties of a nano-scale
device should be developed. It is well known that
tungsten (W) is a typical material for the nano probe.
As the W-tip with nano-scale is easily bent by
applying it on the device and leads to the high
contact resistance due to small contact area, however,
new materials for the nano probe applications should
be required. On the other hand, many researchers
have made their efforts for manufacturing the tip
with nanowires and nanotubes, but those are limited
for AFM or SPM applications.1-3 In this study,
therefore, the advanced nano probe having high
elasticity and low contact resistance was manufactured using various nanowires (ZnO, CNT, and SiC
etc.) by focused ion beam (FIB, FEI Nova 600) and
the mechanical and electrical properties of the nano
probe was measured.
M11-21

Synthesis and Characterization of Mutli-walled

Carbon Nanotube/polycarbonate Nanocomposites:
J. Ignacio1, R. Laude1, M. Mamauag1 and B. Basilia2;
1
School of Earth and Materials Science and Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology, Intramuros,
Manila, Philippines 1002, 2ORPC, Mapua Institute of
Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines 1002
This study aims to fabricate a technique to disperse
CNT in the polycarbonate matrix. SEM micrographs show that the MWCNTs were completely
dispersed in the polycarbonate matrix using the
extrusion and two-roll mill melt intercalation techniques. However, it was observed that a more
homogenous matrix was obtained using the two-roll

143

mill method. AFM analysis was conducted to further

investigate the degree of surface roughness of the
nanocomposites.
M11-23

POSTER THURSDAY
144

Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of

Channeling Contrast for Characterization of
Dislocations in Metal and Semiconductor Materials: N. Kuwano1, M. Itakura2, Y. Nagatomo3 and S.
Tachibana4; 1Art, Science and Technology Center
for Cooperative Research, 2Department of Applied
Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu
University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan,
3
Central Research Institute, Mitsubishi Materials
Corp., Ogawa, Shizuoka 410-1312, Japan, 4Yokohama Demonstration Laboratory, SII Nano Technology, Inc., Hakusan, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-0006, Japan
Observability of crystalline defects by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) was discussed. Three
kinds of specimens were prepared: (1) Dendrites of
crystalline silicon in amorphous Si, (2) Metallic
aluminum plate bonded onto an AlN plate. (3) (Al,
Ga)N thin films deposited on a sapphire substrate.
Cross sectional planes of these specimens were
mechanically polished without any etching. Ultra55
(Carl Zeiss) SEM with an angle-selective backscattered electron (AsB) detector was used to observe
the channeling contrast in a conventional way.
Sub-grain-boundaries and dislocations were clearly
observed. The change in image contrast with the
operating condition was also discussed.
M11-24

Phase Separation of Ga and In-rich Bi-layer in

InGaN Grown by MOCVD: J. Park1, S.I. Baik1,
H.J. Kim2, S.H. Park1, E.J. Yoon1 and Y.-W. Kim1;
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University San 56-1 Silim-dong
Gwanak-ku, Seoul, Korea, 2School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of
Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, USA
InGaN has been broadly studied due to its
promising optical characteristics covering from
infrared to ultraviolet region. In this study, In-rich
InGaN was epitaxially grown with Ga-rich InGaN
layer and microstructure and morphology of
InGaN/GaN layer was investigated. X-ray diffraction
peaks of InGaN/GaN grown at 640 showed clear
separation around 31.66 and 32.18 which indicate
In-rich InGaN and Ga-rich InGaN, respectively; two
different growth patterns were confirmed with
scanning transmission electron microscopy; In-rich
InGaN was only found under pyramidal Ga-rich
InGaN cap layer which was confirmed from both
cross-sectional and plan-view observation.
M11-25

GaN Multipods Characterization by Transmission

Electron Microscopy: Jong-Myeong Jeon1, Yuri
Sohn2, Miyoung Kim1 and Chinkyo Kim2;
1
Department of Material Science and Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea,
2
Department of Physics and Research Institute for
Basic Sciences, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
GaN nanorods were grown by hydride vapor phase
epitaxy. A themal cleaning of the substrate before
deposition was employed to improve vertical
alignment of GaN. Most nanorods were verically
grown, but branched nanorods also were observed. It
is presumable that a growth of the GaN multipods
was influenced by the interface between GaN and
substrate. We investigated the crystallographic
relationships and composition of interface between
GaN and substrate by transmission electron
microcopy (TEM) in order to understand the origin
of those two different kinds of growth (vertical
nanorods and multipods that were made by branched
nanorods).
M11-26

Formation of Unstable K2CO3 Nanorods Using A

Thermal Process: X. Qi and C. Pan; Department of
Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and
Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of
Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Potassium carbonate is widely studied as a vital
raw materials in the field of inorganic chemical
industry. However, few work is focused on its
nanomaterial. In this paper, the K2CO3 nanorods have
been firstly synthesized by using a thermal process. It
is found that the crystal structure of K2CO3 nanorods
are unstable under electron irradiation.
M11-27

Low Temperature Grown of Carbon Nanocoils by

Chemical Vapor Deposition: J. Zhang and C. Pan;
Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of
Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of
Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan
430072, China
In this paper, carbon nanocoils (CNCs) were
synthesized by CVD using Ni nanocrystalline as a
catalyst at the low temperature of 520 C. When at a
higher temperature, CNTs were not obtained. The
experiment followed this process: firstly, Ni
nanocrystalline was deposited on a copper substrate
by a pulse electrodeposition technique; secondly, the
substrate was put into a quartz tube of the CVD
system whose temperature was gradually increased
for 60 min to 520 C under a Ar gas of 200 sccm,
then C2H2 gas was added at a flow rate of 30 sccm
for 5min; finally, the specimen was slowly cooled to
room temperature after the process was complete.
M11-28

A Study on the Morphology and Dispersion of

Nano-precipitated Calcium Carbonate Reinforced
Thermoplastics: J. Jagape1, J. Ignacio1, J. Gonzales1,
B. Basilia1 and P. De Yro2; 1Mapua Institute of
Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, 2College of Engineering, University of the Philippines,
Philippines
The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphology and dispersion of nano-precipitated calcium
carbonate (NPCC) reinforced in thermoplastic resins
such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and
PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The results showed that
the morphology and filler distribution in thermoplastics vary with the amount of incorporated NPCC.
At higher filler content, the EDXS maps confirm the
presence of large aggregates of NPCC nanofiller in
the structures of the composites.
M11-29

Ball-like Carbon Deposits Synthesize by Catalytic

Combustion: Maofa Wang 1,2, Xiaoping Zou1,2,*, Fei
Li 1,2, Jin Cheng1, 2, Hongdan Zhang1,2, Pengfei Ren1,2
and Guang Zhu1,2; Research Center for Sensor
Technology, Beijing Information Science and
Technology University, Beijing Key Laboratory for
Sensor, Beijing, 100101, China
In this paper, the synthesis of ball-like carbon
materials by catalytic combustion technique was
reported, in which acetone and ethanol were
employed as carbon sources, nickel nitrate, nickel
sulfate and iron nitrate as catalytic precursor, and
copper plate and platinum filament as the substrate,
respectively. The characterizations of the products
obtained were performed using scanning electron
microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Carbon spheres
have the similar morphology and all consist of
carbon nanofibers. The formation mechanism of
these spheres was discussed based on the feature of
the experiment.
M11-31

Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials by Catalytic

Combustion Technique: Maofa Wang, Xiaoping
Zou, Jin Cheng, Hongdan Zhang, Fei Li, Pengfei Ren
and Guang Zhu; Research Center for Sensor
Technology, Beijing Information Technology Institute,
Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing, 100101,
China
This paper reports the preparation of Quasi-onedimensional nano-structured materials by catalytic
combustion process.
M11-33
Improvement the Mesoporous TiOFilm for Dye
Sensitized Solar Cell: Rung-Hua Yang, Siao-Ru Yu,
J. J. Kai and F. R. Chen; Department of Engineer
and System Science, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
This study aimed at improving the quality of TiO2
thin films used as working electrodes in dyesensitizedsolar cells[1] (DSSCs). We used the doctor
blading method to deposit porous TiO2 films on FTO
electrodes. The crystallinity and thickness of the
TiO2 films were measured and compared, and their
effects on the performance of the DSSCs were
discussed.
MT 11-34
The Optical Properties of the InAs Quantum Dots
on GaAs Substrate: Chiung-Chih Hsu1,2, Ray-Quen
Hsu1, Yue-Han Wu3, Jenn-Fang Chen4 and Mao-Nan
Chang2; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering,
National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,
30056, R.O.C, 2Department of Nano Metrology,
National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, 30078, R.O.C, 3Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung
University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30043, R.O.C, 4Department of Electrophysics Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Our studies showed that increasing the nitrogen (N)
content in InGaAs quantum well(QW) will extend
the emission wavelength of InAs QDs. The nitrogen
atoms were doped into InGaAs QW to produce
GaAs/ InGaAs(N) / InAs /GaAs structures. The
structures were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and photoluminescence (PL). Besides, the lower PL intensity
of InAs QDs in InGaAsN QW attributes to strain
relief between InGaAsN QW and InAs QDs so that

POSTER THURSDAY

Studies on the Water-Soluble Fluorescent CdSe

QDs and Their Application in Fingerprint Display:
Y.C. Yu1, Z.X. Shi1, Y.X. Shi1, J.J. Yang1 and J.J. Liu1;
1
Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
A water-soluble CdSe Quantum Dots (QDs)
solution was prepared under refluxing conditions by
using Se, Na2SO3 and CdCl2 as precursors and
mercaptoacetic acid as modifiers that can be applied
in the fingerprint displays on the surface of smooth
objects. The XRD, HRTEM and fluorescent spectra
were employed to characterize these samples. It is
found that the CdSe QDs with crystalline size of 2-3
nm are homogeneously distributed in the organic
matrix. The fingerprint details on the surface of
smooth objects were clearly displayed with QDs
solution under irradiation of UV lights.
M11-30

Defocus Contrast Image of Hexagonally-Ordered

Mesoporous Material: Nakahara shoshei; Materials
& Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick
Defocus contrast images of hexagonally-ordered
mesoporous silica material were investigated using
transmission electron microscopy. Through defocusing,
the images of these materials were found to show
strong phase contrast. These images were compared
with computer image simulation.
M11-32

145

the InAs QDs size in InGaAsN QW become bigger,

which pro- duces more desirable optical properties.
M11-35
In-situ Observation on Phase Transformation of
Metastable Intermetallic Phase to Stable Austenite in
Fe-Ni-X (Mn, Ti) Alloys: Yoon-Uk Heo1, Masaki
Takeguchi1, Hu-Chul Lee2 and Kazuo Furuya1; 1High
Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National
Institute for Materials Science, Sakura 3-13, Tsukuba
305-0003, Japan, 2Department of Material Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University,
Sillim-dong San 56-1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744,
Korea
Precipitates in the conventional maraging steels
plays an important role to increasing mechanical
strength. However, there were reports that some
particles brought a serious grain boundary embrittlement
in the early stage of aging by precipitating at the
grain boundaries. After extended aging, the strength
of grain boundary increased by changing of this
particle to austenite at the grain boundaries. To
understanding the transformation mechanism of
metastable intermetallic phase to stable austenite,
in-situ heating observation using a TEM was
conducted. Phase contrast and GIF energy filtered
imaging were used to identifying phase transition.
M11-36

POSTER THURSDAY

Atomic Arrangement Characterization of Smaller

than 10 nm Copper Nanoparticles Produced by
Cluster Beam Deposition: H.-S. Seo1, I.-S. Kang1,
J.-H. Kim2, T.-Y. Lee2, J.-M. Yang1, W.-J. Hwang1
and C.-W. Ahn1; 1Advanced Technology Center for
Information Electronic Materials and Components,
National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea,
2
Advanced Material Engineering, Hanbat National
University Daejeon 305-719, Korea
Nanoparticles have unique catalytic, optical, and
electronic properties. These properties are strongly
dependent on the atomic arrangement and size of the
nanoparticles[1]. Copper nanoparticles were fabricated by inert-gas condensation on a sputtering
reactor[2]. The lattice structure and diameter of the
copper nanoparticles were determined by mass
spectroscopy, and confirmed by electron microscopy
techniques. The chemical composition was analyzed
by energy dispersive spectrometer. From these measurements, we confirmed that the nanoparticles were
controlled by the atmosphere on the condensation
chamber, the magnetron power, and the length of
condensation zone. The monodispersed nanoparticle
can be obtained in diameter of smaller than 10nm.
M11-37
Observation of Photoluminescence Using nearfield Probe with Various Metal-coating Thickness:

146

Wan Bak1, Hanaul Noh1, Yasuhiko Arakawa2 and

Wonho Jhe1; 1Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea,
2
Research Center for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505,
Japan
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)
overcomes the diffraction limited resolution of the
conventional optical microscopy and serves as a
powerful tool. In the case of metal-coated fiber, the
low detected signal is due to the low excitation or
small transmission efficiency. To overcome this
problem, it is necessary to increase the transmission
efficiency by proper coating thickness and doubletapered probe. In this paper, using a double-tapered
probe for the low-temperature NSOM, we examine
the dependence of the transmission efficiency and
coating thickness. We will show a low-temperature
photoluminescence (PL) image of self-assembled
InAs Quantum Dots (QDs) by using NSOM.
M11-38
Molecular Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of
Cancer Cells Using 'Smart' Gold Nanoparticles:
Ju Taek Nam, Nayoun Won and Sungjee Kim;
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of
Science & Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu,
Pohang, Korea
We have designed smart gold nanoparticles for
photothermal therapy, followed their mechanism via
microscopic techniques, and demonstrated their therapy efficacy by cytotoxicity studies of HeLa cells.
M11-39
Some Aspects of Obtaining of Nanostructural Systems Based on Diblock-copolymers: V. Kudyshkin,
N. Vokhidova, S. Fazylova, S. Yugai and S.
Rashidova; The Institute of Polymer Chemistry and
Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 100128, A.Qadyri St, 7b, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan
In order to obtain a film polystyrene (PS) and
polybutyl methacrylate (PBMC) were used as well as
diblock copolymers created on their basis. Electronic
and microscopic researches of mechanical blends
based on PS and PBMC with different ratio of
components were carried out.
M11-40
HAADF-STEM Studies of the Bimetallic Pt-Au
Catalysts Supported on ZnO/Al2O3 by Incipient
Wetness Impregnation Method: Ki-Joong Kim1,
Jong-Che Park2 and Ho-Geun Ahn1; 1Department of
Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University,
315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon 540-742, Jeonnam,
Korea, 2Technical Research Laboratories, POSCO
Gwangyang Works, Gwangyang 545-090, Jeonnam,

Korea
Bimetallic Pt-Au catalysts supported on
ZnO/Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness
impregnation method (IW-IMP), and particle size
and catalyst component were obtained during
high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging in
the scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM) mode and energy dispersive spectroscopy
(EDS) line mapping, respectively.
M11-41

M-12) Memorial Symposium of Professor K.

H. Kuo
Organized by Y.W. Kim
Basal Plane Dislocation: A Deleterious Defect in
UV-LED: P.F. Yan and M.L. Sui; Shenyang National
Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
M12-16

Three Groups of Hexagonal Phases and Their

Relation to the i-phase in Zn-Mg-RE Alloy:
M. ingrunR. Li, Sven. Hovmller and Xiaodong. D.
Zou; Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University,
SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
M12-17

Cluster-plus-glue-atom Model and Composition

Rule of Quasicrystals: Chuang Dong; Dalian
University, China
M12-19

Quasicrystal in Devitrified (Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15)100-x

Nbx Alloys: Yingmin Wang; Dalian University, China
M12-20

L-01) Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Single

Particles
Organized by Kenji Iwasaki and Kuniaki Nagayama

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction Study on

Si-Al Ordering of Albite by Energy Filtered
Transmission Electron Microscopy: Young-Boo
Lee1, Youn-Joong Kim1, Jung-Hoo Lee2 and HyangRan Mun2; 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon
305-333, Korea 2Dept. of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, Chonbuk National Univ., Chonju 561-756,
Korea
The fine variations in crystal structures during the
transformation from low to high albite was
successfully documented in this study through the
observations of convergent beam electron diffraction
(CBED) patterns using an energy filtered
transmission electron microscope(EF-TEM). Seven
Amelia albites were heated at 1100 for 7 days and
seven heated samples taken at one day interval were
examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the
transformation into the high albite. The angular
distance between the diffraction positions of (131)
and (1-31) peaks, (131) was monitored to confirm
the transformation in XRD and selected area
diffraction patterns (SADP) in TEM. The changes in
crystal structures in the transformation of low-to-high
albite are visible in * angle and it is most apparent
in the TEM SADP patterns in the [001] and [10-2]
directions. The optimum condition for the most
effective observation of ultra-structural variation in

POSTER THURSDAY

Investigation of Defects in Polymorph B Enriched

Zeolite Beta: Daliang Zhang1, Junliang Sun1,2, Sven
Hovmller1 and Xiaodong Zou1,2; 1Structural
Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91
Stockholm, Sweden, 2Berzelii Centre EXSELENT on
Porous Materials, Stockholm University, SE-106 91
Stockholm, Sweden
M12-18

Investigation of Nanosized Magnetic Resonance

Imaging Contrast Agents by Cryo-Electron Tomography: Hung-Sheng Chen1, Chun-Ting Wang1,
Jin-Sheng Tasi2, Xin-Yu Lin2, Dorothy Yan3 and
Fu-Rong Chen1; 1Center for Electron Microscopy,
Department of ESS, National Tsing-Hua University,
HsinChu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.), 2National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, HsinChu
County, Taiwan (R.O.C.), 3Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
Cryo-electron tomography can successfully investtigate the texture of assembled SPIOs nano-particles
uptake by phagocytes. TEM sample were fixed and
processed by ultramicrotome. We have investigated
the commercial SPIOs contrast agent (Resovist,
Schering corporation) by cryo-electron tomography
in the JEOL 2010F electron microscope. The
acquisition angle of tomography series is from -50
to +60, 2 degree interval, and the 3-D volume was
then reconstructed by weight back projection (WBP)
method. The average particle size is about 60 nm.
The series of reconstructed slices in interval of
0.89nm along the Z-axis of single Resovist SPIOs are
shown in Fig. 1 In this figure, nano iron oxide
particles show lower intensities relative the the
wrapping materials. And Fig. 2 is one zero degree BF
image in larger field of view. Surprisingly, in the 3D
visualization, Fig. 3, iron oxide particles show as
pillar shape rather then spherical shape.
L01-10

147

the CBED investigation was also documented in this

study. An energy filtered TEM equipped with a
cooling specimen holder, and a slow-scan CCD
camera is essential for an optimum CBED
observation in a research for minerals, and better
results were obtained in this study with the
accelerating voltage of 120 keV, the C3 aperture of
37m, the probe size of 25m, and the exposure time
of 3 seconds. These conditions are calibrated to
obtain the best photographs minimizing specimen
damage by the irradiation of electron beam. The
CBED pattern from the [418] direction which is
obtained by tilting of 6.7 from the [102] direction is
useful to identify the structural variations by
observing the changes in HOLZ lines of albite. Many
of the HOLZ lines in the CBED patterns of albite can
not be indexed because the computer programs
developed up to date are not accurate enough for the
low symmetry crystal structure of albite. XRD
patterns of intermediate albite do not show the
changes in (131). However, the HOLZ line in the
CBED observation demonstrates continuous changes
in the crystal structures of low, intermediate and high
albite according to the heating time. The systematic
characterization of the detailed changes in crystal
structures of albite that occur during the
transformation from low to high albite became
possible through the observation of HOLZ lines in
CBED. The result of this study can be applied in the
study on the formation and transition of the most
rocks in geological environment.
L01-11
POSTER THURSDAY
148

Development of Electron Tomography Systems

Integrated with our Developed Image Analysis
Environment, Eos: T. Yasunaga1, R. Goto1, M.
Imamura1, A. Matsuura1, R. Murayama1, H. Niina1,
Y. Takimoto1, K. Iwasaki2 and A. Miyazawa3;
1
Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty
of Computer Science and Systems Engineering,
Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawadu,
Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan, 2Research Center
for Structural and Functional Proteomics, Institute for
Protein Science, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka,
Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, 3Structural Physiology Research Group, RIKEN Harima Institute Research Promotion Division 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho,
Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
Electron computed tomography (ECT) is one of
the most powerful techniques to elucidate the
structure and architecture of proteins and their
comLexes, in vitro, in vivo, and in situ. Recently
many reports using the ECT have been published to
elucidate the architecture of the protein assemblies in
cells, such as actin cytoskeleton, flagella, organelles,
etc. The spatial resolutions, however, are too limited
to observe the protein structure and dynamics, which
is due to electron damages, image analysis limitation
for low SN ratios etc. and the improvement are

strongly desirable. Thus, we also have developed

new systems for electron tomography, which is
integrated with our developed image analysis system,
Eos (Extensible object-oriented system).
L01-12
A New Protein Labeling Technique Using
Genetically Encoded Metallothionein Tag for
Electron Microscopy: Nishino Yuri; RIKEN
Springs-8Center, Harima Institute, Japan
The detection of proteins by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) frequently relies on negative
staining and/or immuno-gold labeling, but these
techniques are limited. We developed a genetically
encoded tag consisting of 3 repeats of metallothionein
(3MT) and fused it with 14-mer protein GroEL
(GroEL-14(3MT)). Cd2+-bound GroEL-14(3MT) was
detected by TEM in the absence of negative staining
on a carbon grid, and the particle densities of
GroEL-14(3MT) were much greater than those of
untagged GroEL in vitreous ice. Our data indicate
that the 3MT tag provides a promising TEM method
of allowing the detection of proteins.
L01-13
DNA Nanostructures Visualized by Cryo-EM:
Kato Takayuki; Osaka University, Japan
We present a 3D image reconstruction by electron
cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) of a 7 nm tetrahedron
self-assembled from four strands of DNA. This is the
smallest 3D nanostructure made by DNA selfassembly and the smallest molecule (78 kDa) for
which 3D image reconstruction has been carried out
to date by cryoEM. We have achieved 12 resolution, sufficient to resolve the structure of the DNA
helix and to discriminate between two structurally
similar diastereomers, demonstrating that cryoEM is
an indispensable tool for the characterization of 3D
nanostructures designed to be self-assembled from
biomolecular components.
L01-14

L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles

Societies
Organized by Hyesung Jeon and Nobuhiro Morone
The Loss of Cox 5a, 5b or 6b Gene Expression
Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Mouse
Early Embryos: Nam-Hyung Kim1, Xiang Shun Cui1,
Young-Jun Han1, Won-Kyu Kim2 and Jung-Kyun
Kwon3; 1Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763,
Korea, 2Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
3
Department of Electron Microscopy Laboratory,
College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 133-791,
Seoul, Korea

Confocal microscopy showed that the number of

mitochondria in siRNA treated blastocysts was
greatly reduced and appears morphologically abnormal.
Electron micrographs showed morphological differrences of mitochondria in blastocysts from both
bufferinjected and Cox5b siRNA-injected. Whereas
oval or Leomorphic shapes of mitochondria are
observed in blastocysts following buffer injection,
abnormal or absent mitochondria are observed in
blastocysts following Cox5b siRNA injection.
L04-07

Microtubules and Nuclear Dynamics in the Pig

Nuclear Transferred Oocytes: Nam-Hyung Kim1,
Xiang Shun Cui1, Young-Jun Han1, Jung-Hoon Lee2
and Jung-Kyun Kwon3; 1Department of Animal
Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju,
Chungbuk 361-763, Korea, 2Department of Science
& Education, KyungNam University, Masan, Korea,
3
Department of Electron Microscopy Laboratory,
College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 133-791,
Seoul, Korea
In this study we determined microtubule and
nuclear dynamics in porcine oocytes following
nuclear transfer with porcine fibroblast cell using
indirect immunocytochemistry and transmission
electron microscopy. In addition, DNA synthesis was
also determined in the reconstructed oocytes during
nuclear remodeling.
L04-09

L-05) Immunocytochemistry and

Histochemistry
Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and
Hee Chol Kang
Ultrastructure of a Neural Culture Persistently
Infected with West Nile Virus: S.C.C. Chiang1 and
M.L. Ng1; 1Department of Microbiology, National
University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, MD4
01-04, 117597 Singapore
West Nile virus is an emerging disease that has
swept throughout the northern hemisphere and has
infected more than 24,000 peoLe in the United States
from 2002 to 2007. One of the characteristics of this
viral infection is its neuroinvasiveness. We investigated
this phenomenon on neural primary cultures to
determine the type of neural cells that can get
infected with the virus as well as the growth curve of
the virus in such a mixed culture. Embryonic
BALB/c mice at day 10 or 19 were sacrificed and the
brains dislodged into a single cell suspension before
plating onto T25 flasks. West Nile virus (Sarafend)
was used for infection at MOI of 10. Sample
supernatants harvested at every 24 hours were used
for virus quantification by plaque assay. At the end
of three weeks, flasks that still showed levels of
viremia was scraped and processed for electron
microscopy. It was observed that one strain of mouse
adapted virus could persistently infect the neural cell
mix and consistently gave out a PFU level of 103 to
104 even after the media was changed. We further
investigated this strain by labelling the primary
culture before and after infection with various

POSTER THURSDAY

Benzothiazolylphenolsubstituted Ketoester (TP

KE) Showed a Fluorescent Signal in a Single
Mitochondorion of Sea Urchin Sperm: Possibility
of a New Fluorescent Probe: Makoto Kazama1,
Masatoshi Tanimoto2, Akiya Hino1, Suechika Suzuki1
and Masakatsu Matsumoto2; 1Department of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
259-1293, Japan, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya,
Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
We show an experiment of fluorescent staining for
sea urchin sperm with new fluorescent substrates
benzothiazolylphenol-substituted ketoester (TPKE).
TPKE staining showed a fluorescent signal in the
midpiece that was a mitochondrion. Higher fluorescent signal was obtained by 1-10 g/mLTPKE
staining in normal artificial seawater. The fluorescence decreased in acidic seawater that was a
preventive condition of respiratory activity. The
presence of a respiratory inhibitor, antimycin A or
uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide p-rifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone showed faint or no fluorescence.
According to these results, TPKE would be an indicator of a mitochondrion in sea urchin sperm.
L04-08

Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species from Sea

Urchin Sperm during the Change of Their
Respiration: Makoto Kazama, Yuko Yamada,
Suechika Suzuki and Akiya Hino; Department of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
259-1293, Japan
In this study, it was demonstrated that the
respiratory activity and motility were related to the
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sea
urchin sperm. Using two ROS indicators 5-(and-6)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) and aminophenyl
fluorescein (APF), we detected ROS production in
sea urchin sperm after the activation of motility and
respiration. Since the ROS production was sensitive
to antimycin A which is an inhibitor of respiratory
chain, there is a close relationship to mitochondrial
respiration. It is quite likely that the ROS production
is regulated through in mitochondrial activity in sea
urchin sperm.
L04-10

149

antibodies against neurons, oligodendorcytes, and

astrocytes to determine the cell type that the virus
preferentially infects as well as the cell types that are
resistant to infection. Electron microscopy was also
performed to determine the ultrastructure of the
persistently infected cells to evaluate the virus
growth mechanism, which allows for the virus to be
continually produced but not causing cell death. We
have used infected A172 glial cell line as a control
specimen for comparison against the infected neural
cells.
L05-28

POSTER THURSDAY
150

A Comparison of -cell Structure and Insulin

Distribution Pattern between Intraportal and
Kidney Subcapsular Islet Transplantation:
Byoung-Hoon Min1, Byoung-Geun Kim1, Jong-Yeon
Lim1, Hyun-Ju Han1, Soo-Jin Kim2 and Jun-Seop
Shin1; 1Korea Islet Transplantation Institute, Inc.,
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea
University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701,
Korea. 2Deparment of Life Sciences, Hallym University,
1 Okchon-Dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702,
Korea.
Islet transplantation can normalize blood glucose
level and thus prevent devastating complications of
type 1 diabetes. Various transplantation routes have
been developed to ensure the integrity of the
pancreatic islet transplantation. For example; kidney
subcapsule, intraportal or spleen. In this study,
beta-cell structure and insulin distribution patterns
were compared 3-month after islet transplantation
between via intraportal and kidney subcapsular
routes by histological, histochemical, and electron
microscopical methods.
L05-29
Expression of Toll-1 Receptor in the Gills of the
Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus)
vannamei Infected by Yellow-Head Virus: R.
Poonkhum1, G. Anantasomboon2, W. Pradidarcheep1
and B. Withyachumnarnku3; 1Department of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University,
Bangkok, Thailand, 2Anatomy Unit, Faculty of
Science, Rangsit University, Pratumtani, Thailand,
3
Centex Shrimp Chalerm Prakiat Building, Floor 4,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand, 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
It has been postulated that Toll receptors, which
are pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface,
are involved in defense mechanism against pathogens
in invertebrates. In this study, we describe a
semi-quantitative expression of Toll-1 receptor in the
gills of yellow head virus (YHV)-infected Pacific
white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. The
shrimp were experimentally infected with YHV by
intramuscularly injection of a solution containing
YHV, and they were monitored for two weeks; most

of them died while some survived. Expression Toll-1

transcripts in the gills, as revealed by specific reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, were
up-regulated in the one-day YHV-injected shrimp.
The up-regulation was also observed in the moribund
shrimp that were infected with YHV by co-habitation
with YHV-infected shrimp. Those that survived the
infection had the expression comparable to the
control level. The presence of Toll-1 receptors in the
gills was also shown by in situ hybridizations using
Toll-1 specific DNA probes, and positive reaction
was observed in the pillar cells of the gills; the
reaction was more intense in the one-day
YHV-injected and moribund shrimp, compared to
that of the control. The response of Toll-1 receptor
expression to YHV infection suggests that the
receptors may be involved in the defense mechanism
of P. vannamei against the pathogen.
L05-30
The Efficiency of Curcumin in Pancreas of
Diabetic Mice, Emphasizing on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Cellular Localization: V.
Anupunpisit1, M. Chanpoo2, T. Sawatpanich1, B.
Panyarachun1 and H. Pretpiboonthai1; 1Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10110, 2Department
of Anatomy, Pramongkutklow Collage of Medicine,
Bangkok, Thailand, 10400
Diabetic microvascular complication is considered
to be influenced by the increase of angiogenic factors,
such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),
as a response to both ischemia and hyperglycemia. In
order to study the expression of cellular VEGF
related to pathological angiogenesis in the pancreas,
diabetic mice were treated with curcumin. The
pharmacological activities of curcumin have been
exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogen.
Curcumin treatment can exert beneficial effect in
diabetes, regarding preservation of pancreas and
controlling pathological angiogenesis by expression
of VEGF in the pancreatic islets.
L05-31
Functional Analysis of Chondroitin Sulphate in
Wound Healing: George W. Yip; Department of
Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive,
Block MD 10, Singapore 117597, Singapore
Chondroitin sulphate is a long, unbranched
polysaccharide. Changes in sulphation patterns are
known to influence its biological actions. To
determine if these changes affect skin wound healing,
human fibroblasts were cultured with chlorate, a
glycosaminoglycan sulphation inhibitor. This led to a
dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation, which
was prevented by supplementation with either
chondroitin-4-sulphate or chondroitin-6-sulphate.
However, the two chondroitin species had opposite

effects on cell adhesion. In vivo, chondroitin species

with different sulphation patterns were found to
accelerate skin healing to varying extents, and
increased collagen and VEGF expression. Together,
the data suggest that chondroitin sulphate regulates
wound healing.
L05-32
Comparative Study of Vascular Endothelial
Growth Factor in Diabetic Mice Kidney before
and after Curcumin Treatment: T. Sawatpanich1,
V. Anupunpisit1, M Chanpoo2, B. Panyarachun1 and
H. Pretpiboonthai1; 1Department of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University,
Bangkok, Thailand, 10110, 2Department of Anatomy,
Pramongkutklow Collage of Medicine, Bangkok,
Thailand, 10400
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an
important mediator in maintaining normal renal
function. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis
of diabetic nephropathy. The cellular localizations
and comparative expression of VEGF in diabetic
mice kidneys were studied before and after
administration of curcumin. Therefore, VEGF may
participate in the progression of the early stage of
diabetic renal injury. As a results, treatment with
curcumin significantly inhibited cellular expression
of VEGF in kidney of diabetic group. It would be
implied that curcumin has therapeutic potential to
diabetic mice to maintain normal structure and
improve renal dysfunction.
L05-33

Cyclosporin-A initated Morphological Alterations

and Expression of Aquaporin-1, 4, 5 and 8 in the
Submandibular Gland in Rat: T. Saga and K.
Yamaki; Department of Anatomy, Kurume University
School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
This study examined the ultrastructural changes of
rat submandibular glands after Cyclosporin-A (CsA)
treatment. The localization of aquaporin (AQP)-1, 4,
5 and 8 was examined immunohistochemically.
Dose-dependent morphological alteration was found
in the submandibular glands. The localization of
AQP-1, 4 and 8 existed in some kinds of cells except
for acinar cells were slightly disturbed by CsA.
However, the localization of AQP-5 in acinar cells
was remarkably disturbed by low dose administration
and disappeared in high dose administration. Two
weeks after CsA treatment, the fine structures and the
expressions of AQPs were almost restored. L05-35
Expression of M3 Muscarinic Receptor in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells of Experimental Cirrhosis Induced by Thioacetamide: W. Pradidarcheep1,
A. Norasingha3,4, U. Showpittapornchai1, S. Chunchaiyakul1, S. Jungudomjaroen1, K. Chayaburakul3
and S. Wattanasirichaigoon2; 1Department of Anatomy, and 2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Srinakarinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Rangsit University, Pathum-Thani, Thailand, 4Medical Diagnostic Department, Thammasat University
Hospital, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus,
Pathum-Thani, Thailand
In liver cirrhosis normal hepatic tissue is replaced
with collagen-rich extracellular matrix leading to
hepatic dysfunction. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are
pericytes of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.
Activation of HSC into a myofibroblast-like phenoltype (called transdifferentiation) is involved in
several hepatic disease processes. The alpha-smooth
muscle actin is a well known marker of hepatic
stellate cell activation. Substantial evidence now
shows that activated HSCs are the main matrixproducing cells and play an important role in the
progress of liver cirrhosis. Quantitative analysis of
HSC activation by immunohistochemistry has been
shown to be useful in predicting the rate of
progression of liver fibrosis in some clinical
situations. In the present study, we could demonstrate
immunochemically that the activated HSCs in
thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic liver, which are
immunopositive for alpha smooth muscle actin,
express M3 muscarinic receptor but not M1, M2, M4
and M5. These finding suggest that M3 muscarinic
receptor might be involved in triggering the

POSTER THURSDAY

Immunohistochemical Profiles of Tumor Biological

Factors in Thyroid Tumorigenesis: Seong Jin
Cho1, Mi Jung Kwon1, Eun Sook Nam1, Hyung Sik
Shin1 and Soo Jin Kim2; 1Department of Pathology,
Hallym University College of Medicine, 2Department
of Biology, Hallym University
This study evaluated comprehensively protein
expression of multiple tumor biological factors in
thyroid tumors and correlated with the clinicpathological factors. Tissue microarray paraffin
blocks were prepared from 100 cases of thyroid
tumors or tumor-like lesions, including 50 papillary
carcinomas. By immunohistochemistry method, we
examined expressions of multiple profiles of biomarkers, including MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, c-met,
HGF, FAS, FAS-L, CD44, SPARC, p53, ki-67,
c-erbB2 and galectin-3. Preferential expression of
MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, c-met, CD44 and
galectin-3 of intense density were observed in
papillary carcinoma in comparison to other kinds of
tumors. SPARC expression of all intensity grade was
significantly higher in follicular carcinoma than other
tumors. As a results, various tumor biological factors
may be associated with thyroidal tumorigenesis and
tumor invasion. The combined immunohistochemical
application of various biological factors may help in

early detection as well as for determining the

prognosis of malignant thyroid tumor.
L05-34

151

intracellular signalling pathways in activated HSC

leading to the production of collagen fibers. If this
assumption appears to be true this mechanism may
be of future interest in therapy of hepatic fibrosis.
L05-36
Electron Microscopic Study of Cd-metallothionein-labeled PSD-95 in Primary Culture of Hippocampal Neurons: Y. Fukunaga1,2, A. Hirase1,2, H.
Kim1, N. Wada1, Y. Nishino1,2 and A. Miyazawa1,2;
1
Bio-multisomeResearch Team, RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo
679-5148, Japan, 2CREST, JST, Japan
Recently, we demonstrated that the 3 tandem
repeats of metallothionein (3MT), a heavy metalbinding protein, coordinating Cd2+ is useful as a
genetically encoded tag for transmission electron
microscopy (TEM). However, while individual proteins
are not sufficiently electron dense for detection by
TEM, the multimer of tagged proteins is discernible.
Thus, proteins that multimerize or are enriched at
subcellular locations are the most tractable. In this
study, we examined the subcellular localization of
3MT-labeled postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in
culturing hippocampal neurons. PSD-95 is accumulated at the postsynaptic density (PSD) and is well
known as one of critical factor for clustering and
anchoring numerous proteins at the PSD, including
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
L05-37
POSTER THURSDAY

L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures

Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and
Toru Noda
Changes in Apices from the Vegetative Stage to
Flowering of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
under Different Levels of Water Application by
SEM: S. Sirichaiwetchaku1 and Y. Manakasem1;
1
School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of
Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of
Technology. 111 University Avenue, Muang District,
Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Tomato is an economically vegetable. The changes
in apices from the vegetative stage to flowering
under different levels of water using the SEM were
examined. The CRD with 4 treatments and 15
reLications was set up. There was no significant
effect of the treatments on any characteristic studied.
However, tomatoes that were treated with the lowest
water level flowered earliest when compared with the
other treatments. The changes in apices showed
vegetative, induction, initiation, sepals, petal, stamen
and carpel. An examination of the flower initiation of
tomato grown under water stress in the field using

152

SEM needs to be performed.

L06-47

The Ultrastructure of X-bodies of Capsicum

annuum Infected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus:
Zubaidah A.H1, M. Yusoff 2 and R.Y. Othman2;
1
ElectronMicroscope Unit, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
2
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
An ultrastructural study was carried out on the
infection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Capsicum annuum, related to the mosaic symptom. The
X-bodies, or viroplasm, or viral replication complexes, were observed occurring together with rodshaped virus inclusions in the cytoplasm. They were
occurred simultaneously but located separately adjacent to each other. They were observed shorter and
arranged randomly during the early infection and
became longer and arranged in parallel to each other
at a later stage of infection. It is believed these bodies
are correlated with the virus replication and
necessary to initiate rapid spread of infection.
L06-48
Ultrastructural Study of Resident Macrophages
Infected by Viruses of Picornaviridae Family:
N.G. Plekhova1, L.M. Somova1 and V.S. Plotnikov2;
1
Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology,
1
Selskaya, Vladivostok, 690087, Russia, 2Far East
National University, Shukhanova 8, Vladivostok,
690950, Russia
Our results have indicated the capacity of viruses
of Picornaviridae family to adhere and to infiltrate
into resident macrophages and the reproduction of
Echovirus 11. Poliovirus had expressed cytopathogenic effect inhibiting cell the metabolism while
other used enteroviruses on the contrary make more
active synthetic processes in different degree. The
formation of virus-inducted structures in cytoplasm
of cells infected by these viruses, aside from
poliovirus, was fixed. The appearance of virusinducted structures was indicated on the viral
replication in determinate region of cell cytoplasmfabrics of viral synthesis. The most intensive
formation of viroplasts, polyribosomal filaments and
microfibrils were identified after 9 hours postinfection, and near its the virions formation were
determined. Moreover, in the event the infection
caused by nonenveloped virus the activity of
synthesis of Echovirus 11 components in macrophages
was more expressed, than in cells infected by
Coxsackie B1 and 71 viruses. The RNA of Echovirus
11 was bound with ribosomes that expressed in form
of polyribosomal filaments.
L06-49
Ultrastructure and Biochemistry of Antennal

Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope

with Micro-analysis Investigation for Trace
Elements and Radioactive Contaminants in Green
Turtles Chelonia mydas Egg Shell, Yolk and
Albumin Collected from Malaysia Coastal Beaches:
C.G. Farid1, W.I. Wan Rosli, A. Siti Fatihah, S.S.J.

Mohsin and I. Kamarruddin2; 1School of Health

Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan DN, Malaysia,
2
Turtle and Marine Ecosystem Centre (TUMEC),
Rantau Abang, Terengganu, Malaysia
Chelonia mydas, commonly known as the
dorsoventrally-flattened green turtle (Malaysia; Penyu agar) is a large sea turtle which now recognized as
critically endangered by the Endangered Species Act
(IUCN) and protected by CITES. This study hopes to
provide and establish scientific information of this
species by analyzing the eggs of green turtles
collected within Malaysia coastal beaches using EDX
microanalysis system integrated with VPSEM.
VPSEM of the outer coat of the egg shell revealed a
surface morphology that is formed by haphazard
arrangements of crystallites structures. Ca, K, Mg, S
and Cl were detected in the egg albumin.
L06-51

An Early Light-Independent Phase of Chloroplast

Development in Dark- Grown Euglena gracilis: T.
Osafune1, H. Yamamoto2, K. Koizumi2 and N.
Kiyohara2; 1Department of Life Sciences, Nippon
Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan,
2
Department of Sport Methodology, Nippon Sport
Science University, Yokohama, Japan
The objective of this study was to analyze the
mechanism of conversion from heterotrophy to
autotrophy using a unicellular alga, Euglena gracilis.
Removal of organic carbon sources from the medium
induces early steps of proplastid development, and
nucleic acid transcription occurs regardless of the
presence of light or darkness.
L06-52

Effect of Galectin 1-expression on the Insecticidal

Activity and Trichome Formation of Arabidopsis
thaliana: S.J. Chen1, S.H. Wang2, L.L. Kuo-Huang1,
and R.N. Huang3; 1Department of Life Science,
National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan,
2
Department of Life Science, National Central
University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan, 3Department of
Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106,
Taiwan
These studies showed that galectin-1 (GAL1, a
mammalian -galactosides binding protein) could
interact with chtin (the structural elements of
exoskeleton and peritrophic membranes (PM) lining
gut epithelium in various insects), indicating chitin
could be a ligand of GAL1. Moreover, the survival
and body weight of Lutella xylostella fed on
GAL1-transfected Arabidopsis clone were significantly
decreased in a time-dependent manner. The
ultra-structure of midgut was severely distorted and
no PM formation in these insects. These results
suggest that the insecticidal mechanism of GAL01
L06-53

POSTER THURSDAY

Gland of the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus

Monodon Reared under Different Salinity: S.
Asuvapongpatana1, K. Wongprasert1, D. Buranajitpirom1, W. Weerachatyanukul1, W. Pradidarcheep2 and
B. Withayachumnarnkul1,3,4; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3Center of
Excell- ence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and
Biotech- nology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 4Center for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
The antennal gland was the one of an important
organ that control ionic regulation and body volume
via the activity of an enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase. We
hypothesize that the structure and activity as well as
amount of protein of this enzyme should be different
when rearing in the difference salinity. Alterations of
the antennal gland's structure, Na+/K+-ATPase
activity and its distribution were investigated in P.
monondon being reared in different seawater
salinities 7, 15 and 30 part per thousand (ppt). The
histological features of the antennal gland revealed a
coelomosac complex in the center surrounded by
labyrinth cells. The ultrastructure of coelomosac was
different in each group, especially in the cytoplasmic
vesicles and well as podocytic processes. In the
labyrinth found cell debris in the lumen especially, in
7 ppt. Using immunohistochemistry with anti
Na+/K+-ATPase (both and -subunits), the
-subunitb of Na+/K+-ATPase was intensely reactive
in the labyrinth cells especially in the 7 ppt, 15 ppt
and 30ppt respectively while the -subunita of
Na+/K+-ATPase was rarely stained in all salinities.
Immunoreactivity of this -subunitb was also
demonstrated by immunoblotting revealing the
presence of a single immunoreactive protein with a
molecular mass of 60 kDa. The activities of
Na+/K+-ATPase were found to be 57.2219.23,
55.4418.13 and 46.6821.70 mole PO4/mg protein/h in the shrimp that were reared at 7, 15 and 30
ppt seawater, respectively. The findings correspond well
with the farming experience indicating that P.
monodon reared under low salinity (< 10 ppt) grow
relatively slower than those reared under 15-20 ppt
seawater. One possible explanation is that, in low
salinity condition, nutrition may be converted more
to energy spent for active osmoregulation rather than
for growth.
L06-50

153

Developing a Novel Telemedical System that Integrates Telemicroscope, Telepathological Database

and Authentication Mechanism: J.M. Tsai1, C.J.
Wang1, J.T. Lai1, Y.C. Shih2 and Y.S. Fu3; 1Department of Information Management, Kun Shan University, No.949, Dawan Rd., Yongkang City, Taiwan
County 710, Taiwan R.O.C, 2Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of
Science andTechnology, #43, Sec.4, Keelung Rd.,
Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C, 3Faculty of Biomedical
Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No.100, Shih-Cyuan 1st Rd.,
Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan R.O.C.
In this study, we will introduce a novel telemedical
system for teleconsultation that with three parts: the
telemicroscope system, the telepathological database
and authentication mechanism. The telemicroscope is
controlled and displayed by Java clients and PHP for
telepathology and teleconsculation. The pathological
slide database could be applied to the problem-based
learning for those courses like clinical histology,
pathology and diagnosis training.
L06-54

POSTER THURSDAY

The Study of Kinetic Mechanism of CSPIO and

Resovist MRI Contrast Agent with Phagocyte
Using Cryo-TEM: Jin-sheng Tsai1, Hung-Sheng
Chen2, Xin-Yu Lin1, Cheng Cheng Chiang1,
Chun-Ting Wang2, Tzu-Chen Yen3, Hsiao-Yun Kuo3
and Fu-Rong Chen2; 1National Synchrotron
Radiation Research Center, HsinChu County, Taiwan,
2
Center for Electron Microscopy, Department of ESS,
National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu County,
Taiwan, 3Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung
Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
The structural evolution of CSPIO and the
commercial SPIOs contrast agent with phagocyte is
investigated by Cryo-TEM (JEOL 2010F). The
kinetic of targeting drug is thought to be dependent
of the toxicity (the dosage of drug) and the structure
of the "drug". There are "drug" nano-particles stick
on the side-wall of the "holes" in the cytoplasm.
Statistically, the number of "hole" reduces and the
size gets bigger.
L06-55
The Primordial Germ Cells of the Giant
Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii:
N. Pakdeenarong1 and N. Nakkong2; 1Department of
Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand 44150, 2Central
instrumentation Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand 44150
The primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the progenytors of gametes. They are large comparing to
surrounding somatic cells. Under the phase-contrast
microscopic observation, the PGCs are a cluster at
the animal pole of the yolky egg of the giant
freshwater prawn. They can be seen on day 3.5 of the

154

embryonic stage and are better distinguished on day

5.5. They are large spherical cells compared to the
surrounding somatic cells. The nucleus is very large
containing 2-3 conspicuous nucleoli and the
cytoplasm is granulated. The migrating PGCs on day
6 are found at the postero-dorsal part of the brain.
They migrate along the coelomic membrane and
reach their destination on day 10 and localized
permanently at their site on day 15-16 of the
embryonic stage. Morphology of PGCs in the
developing hatching larvae is studied under light
microscope in this study. The PGCs are found at the
anterior of the heart in the hatching larvae. They are
translucent and the nucleus contains prominent
condensed nucleoli. They have not shown distinguish
cytoplasmic proportion but shows numerous
condensed chromatins in the nucleus. They
proliferate at the anterior of the heart and then enter
into the gonad sac that formed before. The primordial
of the gonads in the prawn larvae have been distinct
on day 7 of the larval stage. The germ cells in the
primordial gonad are arranged in a single layer
underneath the pericardium and some remain in the
heart area.
L06-56
Decomposition-Inhibition Effect in Grapefruit
Seed Extract in Rat with Passage of Time:
Kyu-Sung Hwang1, Ki-Ju Choi2 and Do-Seon Lim3;
1
Department of Funeral Science, 2Laboratory of
Electron Microscopy, 3Department of Dental
Hygiene,Eulji University, Gyeon-Ggi Province,
461-713, Korea
The present study was performed to investigate the
decomposition-inhibition effect and mechanism of
grapefruit seed extract by measuring the gloss and
microscope observation with passage of time. One
group that do not treated by grapefruit seed extract
named Control group and the other group that treated
by grapefruit seed extract named experimental group.
The results were as follows. Gross observation: 1. In
control group, the decomposition and necrosis begin
the Kidney, Liver and Muscles after 24 hours.
Increase the decomposition, strong discoloration
(turn pale in all) and strong smelly after 48 hours.
After 72 hours, the decomposition and necrosis
complete the whole tissue and do not observed the
original morphology. 2. In experimental group, there
were morphological change as same as control 0
hours group. After 72 hours, began the necrosis of
tissue. And observed necrosis in most of the tissue
after 96 hours. An Electron Micrograph observaiton:
3. Morphological Change in tissue was similar to
control 24 hours group and experimental 96 hours
group. Therefore, In experimental group, decompositioninhibition effect continued about 72 hours on 37
and humidity 805% conditions and protected
necrosis. According to above results, the author
suggest that grapefruit seed extract gas result in the

decomposition inhibition effect by oxidation reaction

on 37 and humidity 805% conditions.
L06-57

Ontogeny of Ubisch Bodies and Tapetum Development in Amentotaxus formosana Li (Amentotaxaceae): C.-M. Hsu1, S.-Z. Yang2 and S.-H.
Chen3; 1Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4,
Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Department of
Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science
and Technology, No. 1, Hseuh Fu Road, Neipu
Hsiang, Pingtung, Taiwan, 3Department of Life
Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4,
Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
The microsporogenesis of Amentotaxus formosana
Li (Amentotaxaceae) was investigated for the first
time by using LM, SEM and TEM. The tapetum
began to degenerate at the free microspore stage and
completely dissolved at the vacuolated microspore
stage, suggesting that the tapetum of this plant is of a
secretary type. The ontogeny and exocytosis of the
Ubisch bodies were also observed.
L06-58

Early Floral Development of Limonium sinense

(Plumbaginaceae): G.-C. Lai1, H.-Y. Liu2 and S.-H.
Chen1; 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan
University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei,
Taiwan, 2Department of Biological Sciences,
National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai
Road,Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Limonium sinense is a native perennial herb in
Taiwan. Two types of pollen grains, which mainly
differ in their exine sculpture on the pollen wall,
were produced in different individuals. By using LM
and SEM, we found that there was no significant
difference in the early floral development between
those individuals producing different types of pollen
grains. The stigma morphology might be used as an

L06-60

Structural Organization of the Mycorrhizal Fungi

in Aranda Peter ewart - A Histochemical Approachv:
Subburaman Senthilkumar1 and Susai John Britto2;
1
Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, St. Josephs College(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 002, India, 2The Rapinat Herbarium and
Centre for Molecular Systematics, St. Josephs
College(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 002, India
Fossil evidence indicates that the earlier association with plants leading to the idea that mycorrhizal
fungi may have been instrumental in the successful
establishment of the terrestrial plants (Senthilkumar,
2004). The mycorrhizal fungi are a heterogenous
group of soil fungi that colonise almost all roots
about 2,40,000 plant species to form symbiotic
associations called mycorrhizas. Roots were
collectted of Aranda Peter ewart was collected from
the All Saints College, Trivandrum, Kerala. The thin
root sections were subjected to different histochemicaland fluorescence methods (Krishnamurthy, 1999).
Photographs were taken using Nicon microscope
(E400) and TEM analysis was using the procedure
provided by Yukeri Uetake and Peterson (1998).
When the hypha comes into the cortical cell and form
coils namely pelotons. The fungal pelotons forms
major portion the colonised cell and undergo various
cellular degradation by the host cell. The establishment of compatible contacts between the fungus
and the root, their crucial role is for the deposition of
newer molecules, nutrient transfer and signal
exchanges between the partners. When the root cells
are lysed, the host plasma membrane proliferates
around the lysing pelotons. Apoplastic material is
laid between this membrane and the fungal cell
surface and a new interface is formed. The interfacial
material surrounding intracellular hyphae is continuous and its morphology and composition changing
during lysis process of the fungus. The nature of the
interfacial material in the present studied species are
positive to pectins, cellulose and -1-3 glucans which
was found around the lysis of degenerated hyphae.
But the former substances were not positive in the
early stage of colonisation. The interface material
was reacted very strongly with Acriflavin -Hcl which
indicated the presence of acidic polysaccharides,
acidic lipids and phospholipids. The cellulose slime
layer was negative to cellulose, positive to aniline
blue florescence and electron-luscent in TEM
prompting them to be callose. The present study
conclude that some novel clarifications concerning
the importance of interfacial material laid down
between the orchid species and fungal lysis. The
presence of -1-3 glucans was revealed that suggest
the morphological changes of the interfacial material
are mirrored by changes in its composition and are

POSTER THURSDAY

Floral Development of Lagerstroemia indica L.:

Y.-L. Huang and S.-H1. Chen; 1Department of Life
Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4,
Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
Lagerstroemia indica L. (Lythraceae) has dimorphic stamens with six large anthers and numerous
small ones. This study was done to elucidate the
differrences in their microsporogenesis. The dimorphism of this plant was displayed not only in the
stamens but also in pollen morphology and exine
ultrastructure. In addition, the dimorphism was
correlated with the differential maturation time of the
pollen.
L06-59

indicator for different pollen types.

155

developmentally regulated. Further study to be

needed using other fluorochromes to understand the role
matirx formation.
L06-61
Visualization of Epicuticular Wax Structures of
Strawberry Leaves by Electron Microscopy: Ki
Woo Kim1, Jeong Joon Ahn2 and Joon-Ho Lee2;
National Instrumentation Center for Environmental
Management, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea, 2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Ultrastructural aspects of epicuticular wax
structures were investigated in strawberry leaves by
scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Different types of wax structures were found
according to the leaf surfaces. The most prominent
epicuticular wax structures of strawberry leaves
included platelets and coiled rodlets. On the adaxial
leaf surface, the platelets were connected to the
surface by their narrow side. They did not have
distinct edges, and their width/height ratio varied.
Measured approximately 200 nm in diameter, the
coiled rodlets grew over the epidermis and often
completely clothed stomatal guard cells on the
abaxial leaf surface.
L06-62

POSTER THURSDAY

Ultrastructure of Rusty Roots in Panax ginseng

C.A. Meyer: Lee, Kyoung-Hwan1, Seong-Sik Lee2
and Eun-Soo Kim1; 1Department of Biological
Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
2
KT&G Central Research Bio-resources Research
Center, Suwon 441-480, Korea
We investigated epidermal cells and cortical cells
of rusty roots and healthy roots of ginseng with a
trnasmission and scanning electron microscope. The
most distinct difference between the rusty roots and
normal roots is that the former has reddish spots on
the periderm and gradually lose its total cells. The
healthy periderm of root is usually consisted of 5 to 8
cork cell layers. However, the periderm of light and
medium damaged roots has 15 to 20 cork cell layers
because the cork cambium actively produce more
cell layers toward the outside. Highly damaged roots
are shown severely destroyed periderm, cortex, and
pith. To replace the detached periderm cortical cells
are often rapidly transformed into the periderm-like
cells. Using Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX) it was
revealed that irons were positively present on the
reddish spots of lightly damaged roots, while they
were not in any cells of the healthy roots. It is not
still clear that how and why the disease developed
although some virus-like structure have commonly
been observed on the cortical cells.
L06-63
Fluorescence Microscopic Study of Glyco-conjugates
on Bast Fibers of Cannabis sativa L.: Won-Kyun

156

Choi2, Sang Eun Lee1 and Eun Soo Kim1; 1Department

of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea, 2Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju, Korea
This study is to determine the distribution of
specific glycoprotein in secondary cell wall of bast
fibers in hemp. Lectins are often useful tools for
detecting the surface polysaccharide of plant and
animal cells. Owing to the high affinity of glycan
regions of glycoproteins glyco-conjugates can bind to
specific regions of cell surface. 7 fluorescein labeled
lectins were used: ConA, DBA, RCA, PA, SA, WGA,
and UEA. The results showed that only WGA and
UEA can bind specific regions of bast fiber cell wall.
WGA bound the primary cell wall of bast fiber and
secondary xylem in woody core. However, UEA was
just detected in secondary cell wall of bast fibers.
This result suggests that UEA could play some
important roles in formation of secondary cell wall in
bast fibers, because plant lectins are commonly
involved in cell extension and transportation of
carbohydrates.
L06-64
Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Studies on the
Mechanism of Seismonastic Movement in Mimosa
Leaflets: Sachi Marumo1, Hideyuki Nishikata1,
Maki Fukada2, Maiko Kozuka2, Yumi Itoh2, Manabu
Hayatsu2,3 and Suechika Suzuki1,2,3; 1Department of
Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sceince,
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of
Science, 3Research Institute for Integrated Science,
Kanagawa
University,
Hiratsuka,
Kanagawa
259-1293, Japan
To examine the ultrastructural change of motor
cells and the role of Ca in the Seismonastic
movement in Mimosa leaflets, we observed the
abaxial side of tertiary pulvini at states of leaflet
opening and closing, and applied a Ca cytochemistry
using pyoantimonate method. In the motor cells, the
tannin vacuole was flat in shape at leaflet opening
state, while it changed the form to large globule at
leaflet closing state. Linking with this structural
change of tannin vacuole, Ca distribution in vacuole
was also changed, indicating the significant role of
Ca in regulating the motor cells.
L06-65
Texture and Microscopic Properties of Adzuki
Beans: S. Odake; Dep. Food Science & Technology,
Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University
Kyonancho, 1-7-1, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602,
Japan
Texture and microscopic properties of boiled
adzuki beans (Vigna angularis Ohwi & Ohashi)
cultivated at different two fields (A, Memuro in Japan;
B, Washington D.C. in USA) were investigated. Sample
B swollen more water and it became softer measured
both mechanically and organoleptically. Each starch

granule in cells of sample A remained and sections of

gelatinized starch were clearly observed by SEM. On
the other hand, starch granule of sample B got out of
shape and gelatinized starch became layers
containing vacant spaces, which caused to be softer
properties compared with sample A.
L06-66

The Effect of Water-soluble Chlorophyll on Rouleaux Formation of Human Red Blood Cells: B.
Panyarachun1, V. Anupunpisit1, A. Ngamniy2, P.
Satonyasuwan2, N. Intaratat2, S. Jungudomchareon2
and S. Chanpetch1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty
of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
Thailand, 10110, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of
Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
Thailand, 10110
Rouleaux formation is found in healthy people and
in multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia. Then,
surfaces transportation of gases, hormones, and
nutrient are restricted. However, free radical is an
important cause of increased rouleaux formation.
Chlorophyllin has been studied in order to turn down
free radical actions. Chlorophyllin, which is a
semi-synthetic mixture of sodium copper salts
derived from chlorophyll and termed as
water-soluble chlorophyll (WSC), is used to study for
its effect on the rouleaux formation. WSC has the
efficiency to decrease the rouleaux formation within
45 mins. So, WSC may be used as supplementary
dietary source for good health.
L06-68

Ultrastructure and X-Ray Microanalysis Studies

on the Leaf Snap-Shut Mechanism in Venus
Flytrap: Manami Ono1, Yuko Hirose2, Nobuhiko
Watanabe2, Nami Maeda2, Manabu Hayatsu2,3 and
Suechika Suzuk1,2,3; 1Department of Biological
Sciences, Graduate School of Science, 2Department
of Biological Sciences, School of Science, 3Research
Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University,
Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
To examine the ultrastructural change of motor
cells and the intracellular movement of Ca in those
cells in Venus flytrap during snap-shut of
insectivorous leaves, we observed the abaxial side
of leaves around the midrib by light and electron
microscopes, and carried out a cytochemical study
using pyroantimonate method and the quantitative
X-ray microanalysis of cryosections to detect the
intracellular Ca localization and its translocation.
Results indicate that the cells located just under the
epidermis of abaxial side contribute mainly to leaf
closure, and free Ca ions in the vacuole regulate the
change of turgor pressure in those cells. Key Words:
Venus flytrap, leaf snap-shut, X-ray microanalysis,
cryosection, pyroantimonate method.
L06-70

POSTER THURSDAY

Coelomocytes of Malaysian Holothurian Stichopus hermanni Semper: Hawa Ismail1, L.L. Kong1,
H.L. Hing1, Megat Radzi2 and B.H. Ridzwan3;
1
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty Allied
Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Jalan Raja Muda A. Aziz50300 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, 2Department of Pathology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Tenteram, 56000 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, 3Department of Biomedical
Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences,
International Islamic University, 25710 Kuantan,
Pahang, Malaysia
Under the light microscope coelomocytes from
Stichopus hermanni Semper observed are hemocytes,
lymphocytes, amoebocytes, morula and crystal cells.
Ultrastructurally, nine types of cells were identified;
the lymphocytes, 4 types of amoebocytes, 3 types of
spheruled cells and morula cells. The lymphocytes
were small and ovoid, each with an accentric nucleus.
The amoebocytes present were apparently the most
abundant cells observed in prebladder, bladder,
transitional and filiform stages. Spherule cells consist
of type A, type B, and type C, The morula cells are
filled with spherical spherules. The matrix consists of
a homogenous granular substance with a round
central core of dark dense granules.
L06-67

Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis Studies on

the Gravitropism in Soybean Roots: Manabu
Hayatsu and Suechika Suzuki1; 1Department of
Biological Sciences, School of Science, and Reserch
Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University,
Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
To examine the role of Ca and other ions in the
response of gravitropism, we carried out the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of cryosections obtained
from soybean roots grown under the gravity or
simulated microgravity. In vacuoles of columella cells,
the concentration of Ca and K ions were changed
remarkably under the simulated microgravity. While,
the amount of those ions was not changed in the
cytoplasmic matrix. Results suggested that, in the
vacuole of columella cell, Ca and K ions play a
significant role to perceive the gravity, relating to the
signal transmission in gravitropic response. L06-69

The Effects of Essential Oil of Acorus Calamus

and Litsea Elliptica on Dengue Vectors:
Shafariatul, A.I.,Hidayatul, F.O.1 and R Hasidah,
R.B.1; 1Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of
Allied Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Jalan raja Muda Abd Aziz 50300 Kuala
Lumpur Malaysia
Both plants, Acorus calamus and Litsea elliptica
have showed their properties as larvicidal against
studied dengue vectors which were Aedes aegypti
and Aedes albopictus. Acorus calamus was more
effective as larvicid on Aedes albopictus. On the
other hand, Litsea elliptica was more effective as

157

larvicid on Aedes aegypti.The reaction of the

essential oil of Acorus calamus and Litsea elliptica
have showed delayed mortality activities and
morphological changes with aberrations on both
vectors.
L06-71
Pollen of Marcania grandiflora Imlay, Thai
Endemic Plant: Yupadee Paopun1, Benchawon
Chiwapreecha2 Pachongchit Poochinya1, Patcharee
Umrung1 and Chaimongkol Kongpakdee1; 1Scientific
Equipment Center, Kasetsart University Research
and Development Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,
10900, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131
Marcania grandifloraImlay (Acanthaceae), Thai
endemic plant, was collected from Khao Lorm Muak
(limestone mountain), Wing 53, Prachapkhirikhan
province in February 2008. This species is
importantly used as anindicator for limestone and
sandy soil habitat. Pollen morphology and
ultrastructure were investigated with compound
microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Pollen grain large with longest axis ranges from
55-57 m. The pollentype is tricolporate with
fossulate ornamentation. The pollen shape is
prolate-spheroidal and sexine as thick as nexine. This
result is used for basic reserarch of Acathaceae pollen
and pollination.
L06-72

POSTER THURSDAY

Correlation between Bacteria and Fungi on Judo

Mats: M. Nara1, H. Yamamoto2, K. Shibata2, N.
Kiyohara2, K. Makimura3 and T. Osafune1;
1
Department of Life Sciences, Nippon Sport Science
University, Yokohama, Japan, 2Department of Sport
Methodology, Nippon Sport Science University,
Yokohama, Japan, 3Institute of Medical Mycology,
Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
On judo mats, when the count of bacteria
increased the count of fungi decreased, and vice
versa, mirror image phenomenon was repeated,
showing a correlation in their growth. In the raining
season in June and July, the count of fungi markedly
increased, while that of bacteria decreased. We were
the first to identify this phenomenon. These results
suggest competition between bacteria and fungi in
nutritional intake from mats for growing and the
action of an antibiotic-like substance produced by
fungi. To clarify these phenomena, antimicrobial
tests using fungal culture are underway with an
electron microscope.
L06-73
Meiotic Arrest mip40 is Required for Normal
Morphology During Drosophila Spermatogenesis:
Se Jin Park1, Kyung Eun Lee1 and Sung Sik Han1;
1
Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,
Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea

158

In Drosophila spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle

progression and cellular differentiation are linked by
the function of the meiotic arrest genes. Loss of
function in meiotic arrest gene fail to undergo
spermatid differentiation and eventually degenerate,
leading to male sterility. Mip40 (Myb-interacting
protein 40) is a new testis-specific meiotic arrest
complex which involved in spermatid differentiation
and mip40 mutant female had severly reduced
fertility and mip40 mutant male were sterile. Using
electron microscopy analysis, we examined the
ultrastructure in testis of mip40 mutant Drosophila
melanogaster. And we found the altered structure of
testis in mip40 mutant. Our results indicate that
Mip40 is a subunit in a testis-specific complex
required for morphogenesis during spermatid
differentiation and failure of arrest gene may be due
to abnormal morphology during spermatogenesis.
L06-74

L-07) Recent Progress of Functional

Morphology of the Kidney
Organized by Jin Kim and Kuniaki Takata
The Effect of Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
on Intracellular Occludin Distribution: Su-Youn
Lee1, Jin-Kim2 and Ki-Hwan Han1; 1Department of
Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy,
Catholic University school of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
Occludin is the first identified integral tight
junction protein that plays an important role in renal
epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to
examine the effect of renal ischemic injury on the
intracellular distribution of occludin. Ischemiareperfusion injury was induced by clamping both
renal pedicles for 30 min and animal were sacrificed
at 6hr after the reperfusion. Kidney tissues were
processed for light and electron microscopy. In
sham-operated control kidney, strong occludin
immunolabeling was observed in the apical domain
of the thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule,
connecting segment, collecting duct, and papillary
surface epithelial cells. The glomerulus and proximal
tubule showed negative or very faint immunoreactivity. In kidneys with IR injury, occludin
labeling lost the polarity and localized diffusely in
the cytoplasm in damaged collecting duct cells.
Double immunolabeling and electron microscopy
demonstrated that the collecting duct damage was
specific to type A intercalated cells, but not principal
cells. There were no detectable tubular damages and
occludin disruption in the thick ascending limb in the
outer medulla. These results suggest that occluding is

a critical tight junction protein in collecting duct

epithelium and its disruption may be contribute to
cell-specific damage in ischemic renal injury.
L07-08
The Abundance of TonEBP Transcription Factor
May be Regulated by Urea and Sodium Chloride
in the Renal Inner Medulla.: Yu-Mi Kim1, Jin Kim2,
Janet D. Klein3, Jeff M. Sands3 and Dongun Kim1;
1
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The
Catholic University of Korea, 65-1 Geumo-dong,
Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2Department of
Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic
University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu,
Seoul, Korea, 3Department of Medicine, Emory
University, 201 Downtown Drive, Atlanta, Georgia,
30322, USA
During osmotic diuresis, the abundance of UT-A1
urea transporter in the inner medullary collecting
duct is increased when urine urea concentration is
low. Urea and NaCl are two major solutes in renal
medullary interstitium. However, NaCl only causes
hypertonic stress. In this study, we examined whether
the changes in urinary solute composition during
osmotic diuresis affect the abundance and
intracellular distribution of proteins involved in
tonicity and urine concentration; UT-A1 urea
transporter in IMCD, CLC-K1 chloride channel in
thin ascending limb, TonEBP transcription factor.
L07-09

Expression of OAT1 and OAT3 in Differentiating

Proximal Tubules of the Mouse Kidney: Jin-Sun
Hwang1, Wan-Young Kim1, Eun-Young Park1 and Jin
Kim1; 1Department of Anatomy and MRC for Cell
Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine,
The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong,

L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM

and Their Applications
Organized by Kuniaki Nagayama and Youn-Joong
Kim
L11-10: see L11-03, L11-11: see L11-06
L11-12: see L11-07, L11-13: see L11-08
L11-14: see L11-09

L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron

Microscopy in Medicine
Organized by K. Y. Kwon
Acanthamoeba spp.: The Scanning Electron
Microscopic Study of Strains Isolated From Malaysia:
A.G.M. Kamel1, D.C.Z. Suriani1, A. Norazah2, S.
Normalawati1 and H.L. Hing1; 1Dept. of Biomedical
Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd.
Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Institute for
Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but one of the
most severe and potentially sight threatening ocular
parasitic infectious diseases and is recognized as the
most challenging among ocular infections because of
the protracted painful clinical course and frequently
encountered treatment failures. Studies in Malaysia
have shown an increase in incidence of the disease
and this have prompted us to conduct a study on the
morphology of the cyst isolated from the
environment using scanning electron microscope.
From our observation using SEM, the cysts of
Acanthamoeba isolated from the water and soil
conformed to Group 2 (Polyphagid) and Group 3
(Culbertsonid) respectively. Group 2 were
representedby cysts with average diameter of less

POSTER THURSDAY

Proposed Mechanism and the Origin of Intercalated

Cells in Rat Kidney Induced by Potassium Treatment:
Eun-Young Park1, Wan-Young Kim1, Jin-Sun Hwang1
and Jin Kim1; 1Department of Anatomy and MRC for
Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of
Medicine The Catholic University, 505 Banpo-dong,
Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
Potassium depletion induces hypertrophy and
hyperplasia of intercalated cells (IC) and principal
cells (PC), in particularly change of cellular
composition of IC and increased cell proliferation. In
contrast, potassium repletion induces regression of
structural changes, and the decrease of cell number
results from apoptosis. The purpose of this study was
to examine the time course of changes in the cellular
composition, the possible mechanism behind these
changes, and the origin of IC in potassium-depleted
and -repleted rat kidney.
L07-10

Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea

Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and OAT3 in
the proximal tubules (PT) of the kidney play
important roles in the elimination of a variety of
endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites from the body. We investigated the
appearance and localization OAT1 and OAT3 in the
differentiating PT in mouse kidneys. The S1, S2, and
S3 segments of the PT were identified using
antibodies to aquaporin 1 (AQP1), Na+-HCO3cotransporter (kNBC1), and AQP4. Kidneys from 13to 18-day-old fetuses, 1- to 21-day-old pups, and
adult C57BL/6 mice were studied.
L07-11

159

than 18um. The ectocyst and the endocyst are either

close together or widely separated. The ectocyst may
be thick or thin and is usually wrinkled or mamillated;
the endocyst may be stellate, polygonal, triangular, or
sometimes round or oval and usually does not have
well developed arms or rays. The operculum, at the
junction of the endocyst and ectocyst, is in a
depression formed by the infolding of the ectocyst.
While for group 3, the mean diameter of the cysts is
also less than 18um but the ectocyst in this group is
thin and is either gently rippled or unrippled. This
study confirms that majority of Acanthamoeba
species isolated from the soil and aquatic
environment in Malaysia mainly belongs to the
Polyphagid and Culbersonid group.
L13-06

POSTER THURSDAY

Ultra-stractural Characteristic of Herpes Simplex

Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) on Vero Cell LineObserved by TEM: Nguyen Thanh Thuy1, Nguyen
Thi Minh Lien1 and Nguyen Thi Thuong2; 1Electron
microscopy Unit, National Institute of Hygiene and
Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam, 2Virology department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) are
classified within the genus Simplex virus, subfamily
Alphaherpesvirinae. HSV-2 is a common cause of
sexual disease. By transmition electron microscopy
(TEM) observed virions is about 200nm in diameter
and consist 4 structural element: core, icosahedral
nucleocapsid, tegument surrouding the nucleocapsid
and outer spike membrane or envelope. The
multiplication of HSV-2 on Vero cell line was
improved that HSV-2 fuses with the host cell
membrane and capsids is releases into vesicles of
cytoplasm. Viral DNA is synthesised and assemble
with proteins in the nucleus of cell. Both DNAcontaining capsids and empty capsids are accumulated in nucleus like a crystal network.Virions mature
when DNA-containing capsids acquire the inner
nucleus membrane.
L13-07
Can Dormant Helicobacter Pylori Change Into
Healthy Bacillary Shape? - Morphological and
Proteomic Investigations.: Sang Hoon Lee1,
Chang-Hyun Park2, Hoon Jai Chun3,4 and
Chang-Sub Uhm1; 1Department of Anatomy, 2Electron
Microscope Facility, Medical Science Research
Center, 3Department of Internal Medicine, 4Institute
of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University
College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
In this study, we investigated the morphological
and protein changes of H. pylori in an extended
period of bacterial culture. For comparison, we
identified 4 time points related to bacterial growth:
increase exponential phase, decline phase, dormant
phase, and re-growth phase. H. pylori 26695 strain

160

was used for the study. A morphological change was

observed by conventional scanning electron microscopy
with S-4700 SEM (Hitachi, Japan). Two-dimensional
electrophoresis followed by image analysis was used
to compare the proteome patterns. SEM shows that
the H. pylori in exponential phase are mainly of
bacillary shape with multiple polar flagella as well
known. Dormant H. pylori in extended cultures were
mainly of round coccoid form without flagella. H.
pylori in intermediate phases had intermediate shapes.
Proteome patterns of H. pylori in different growth
phases revealed by 2-D electrophoresis were
different from each other. Our results show that
bacillary and coccoid H. pylori are not only different
in their shapes but also in the expression of proteins.
This different expression of proteins according to the
change of shape may be related to the reactivation of
virulence from dormant H. pylori.
L13-08
Possible Roles of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in
Phytopathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae:
K. Ikeda1, K. Inoue2 and P. Park2; 1Laboratory of
Stress Cytology, Organization of Advanced Science
and Technology, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe
657-8501, Japan, 2Laboratory of Stress Cytology,
Department of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada,
Kobe 657-8501, Japan
Spores and infection structures of the phytopathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, are always
accompanied with the production of the extracellular
matrix (ECM). To understand the chemical components and the function of the ECM, the immunelogical and the biochemical studies were carried out.
The ECM was characterized by fibrous and amorphous materials between the fungal cell wall and the
plant cuticle. The ECM positively reacted with the
antibodies of collagen VI, vitro- nectin, fibronectin,
laminin and integrin-alpha3. The infection structures
were effectively eliminated by treatment with
collagenase. The lesion formation on wheat leaves
inoculated with compatible strain Br48 and collagenase was greatly reduced.
L13-09
Comparative Ultrastructural Study on Eosinophilic
Variant of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma and
Renal Oncocytoma.: Young Soo Song1, Si-Hyong
Jang1 and Moon Hyang Park1; 1Department of
Pathology, Collegeof Medicine, Hanyang University,
17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, 133-791, Seoul,
Korea
Eosinophilic variant of chromophobe renal cell
carcinoma (CRCC) is composed of intensely
eosinophilic tumor cells with prominent cell
membrane on light microscopy. The distinction
between eosinophilic CRCC and renal oncocytoma is
sometimes difficult, especially when tumor cells have
eosinophilic cytoplasm and mild nuclear pleomor-

phism. Two cases; a 32 year old woman and a 46

year old male, are discussed. It was possible to
differentiated eosinophilic variant of CRCC and renal
oncocytoma based on the ultrastructural analysis of
the tumor with ancillary immunohistochemical
staining. Electron microscopy has pivotal role in
differential diagnosis between CRCC and renal
oncocytoma.
L13-10

POSTER THURSDAY
161

Author Index

Abe, E.

Abe, K.
Abe, M.
Adachi, K.
Aebi, U.
Af, S.A.S.
Agarwal, Ritesh
Agemura, T.
Ahn, Chi Won
Ahn, C.-W.
Ahn, Ho-Geun
Ahn, J.P.
Ahn, J.S.
Ahn, Jae-Pyoung

Ahn, Jeong Joon

Ahn, K.J.
Ahn, Na-Ri
Ahn, Sang Jung
Ahn, Tae-Hong
Ahn, Tae-Young

Akai, J.
Akasaka, N.
Akasaka, S.
Akasaka, Satoshi
Akase, Z.
Akashi, Yuichi
Al-Kassab, Talaat
Altrichter, Bernd
Amiya, Kenji
Amorsolo, Alberto V. Jr.
Anantasomboon, G.
Ang, Firzan
Antosiewicz, J.
Anupunpisit , V.

Anuracpreeda, P.
Aoki, S.
Aoki, Yasuko
Aono, S.
Aoyagi, K.
Aoyama, H.
Aoyama, K.
Aoyama, Kazuhiro
Aoyama, S.
Aoyama, Y.
Apisawetakan, S.
Arakawa, K.
Arakawa, Kazuto
Arakawa, Yasuhiko
Archeep, Wisuit Pradid

33
64
109
126
56
44
63
72
60
63
9
101
146
146
112
26
95
96
107
130
143
156
26
56
8
103
57
104
129
142
82
104
111
12
131
83
125
126
81
21
33
66
150
52
49
150
151
157
42
114
20
36
54
22
51
131
55
139
130
115
140
23
132
146
124

Arima, T.
Arslan, Ilke
Asaba, Kensuke
Asaka, T.
Asakawa, Haruhiko
Asuvapongpatana, S.
Avdeev, M.
Azian, A.L.
Azuma, M.

66
52
77
66
83
37
114
153
138
40
100

Baba, N.
Bae, Dae-Chul
Bae, Dong Sik
Bae, I.-T.
Bae, J.G.
Bae, J.H.
Bae, Jee-Hwan
Bae, Yong Chul
Bahri, A.R. Shamsul
Bai, X.
Baik, S.I.
Baik, Sung-Il
Bak, Wan
Bando, Y.
Bando, Yoshio
Bang, Joona
Bang, Woong Ho
Barbillat, J.
Barrero, A.V.
Basilia, B.

Basilia, P.
Basu, J
Bateman, K.S.
Baumeister, Wolfgang
Bautista, A.
Bednarek, Sebastian
Bellina, P.J.
Bendersky, L.A.
Ben-Harush, K.
Bhowmick, S
Bieling, P.
Blackford, M.
Blagojevic, N.
Blavette, D.
Bognalbal, Eufrecina B.
Bohmer, D.
Borisenko, K.
Borisevich, A.Y.
Borzsonyi, Gabor
Bostel, A.
Braet, F.
Brmard, C.
Brinzari, V.
Britto, Susai John
Browning, N.D.

22
99
88
33
26
100
96
38
13
45
144
97
104
132
146
23
45
46
12
111
96
25
37
18
143
145
21
64
69
1
21
35
42
23
68
72
64
71
138
138
65
66
122
79
5
19
65
80
25
67
155
57
58

Browning, Nigel
Bunai, Fumihide
Buranajitpirom, D.
Burgess, S.R.
Bustam, M.A.

90
37
153
66
138

Chen, Chun-Wei
Chen, F.R.

Cadel, E.
Cajuday, Lilibeth A.
Cambie, R.
Campbell, G.H.
Cantoni, M.
Cao, Guangyi
Cao, M.
Cao, Meng
Carter, CB
Castillo, N.
Cerchiara, R.R.
Cha, J.
Cha, Y.H.
Chaichanasak, P.
Chairuangsri, T.
Chaithirayanon, K.
Chandrasekar, Raman
Chang, H.J.
Chang, B.S.

Chang, Chia-Seng
Chang, C.S.
Chang, H.J.
Chang, H.W.
Chang, Mao-Nan
Chang, S.H.
Chang, Wei-Ban
Chang, Wei-Hau
Chanpetch, S.
Chanpoo, M.
Chao, D.
Chao, David
Chao, Der-Sheng
Char, Kookheon
Chavadej, J.

Chavadej, Jittipan

Chayaburakul, K.
Chayasombat, B.
Che, R.C.
Cheah, P.S.
Chen, C.C.
Chen, C.H.

Chen, Cheng-Hsuan
Chen, Cheng Hsuan

65
70
18
57
58
98
62
129
130
131
64
137
9
37
105
69
28
115
70
34
119
120
121
18
6
87
110
63
145
95
143
118
18
157
150
151
117
119
97
111
49
114
115
69
115
117
124
151
65
83
40
136
11
79
108
141
142
44
136

Chen, Fu-Rong

Chen, H.
Chen, Hung-Sheng
Chen, Jenn-Fang
Chen, K.F.

Chen, Kuei-Hsien
Chen, Liangshan
Chen, Li-Chyong
Chen, Mukai
Chen, Q.
Chen, Qing
Chen, S.
Chen, S.-H.
Chen, Shu-Fang
Chen, S.-J.
Chen, S.J.
Chen, S.Y.
Chen, Y.
Chen, Yi-Cin
Cheng, G.M.
Cheng, J.
Cheng, Jin

Cheng, Yan
Cheng, Y.C.
Cheon, J.
Cheong, S.-W.
Chetanachan, P.
Chi, J.G.
Chiang, Chang Chang
Chiang, S.C.C.
Chikashige, Yuji
Chiou, W.-A.
Chiou, Wen-An
Chiou, W.-L.
Chisaka, S.
Chisholm, M.F.
Chiu, Wah
Chiwapreecha, Benchawon
Chmurzynski, L.
Cho, H.D.
Cho, H.J.
Cho, H.K.
Cho, Hye-Jin

136
6
18
87
133
136
138
141
142
145
45
79
89
100
136
147
154
98
147
154
145
79
141
142
136
96
136
36
61
68
117
155
84
86
153
107
79
136
6
31
135
14
98
145
81
63
23
134
108
107
75
10
154
149
37
13
8
86
118
30
72
158
50
82
55
63
91

163

Cho, Jinhan
Cho, Jong Soo
Cho, K.S.
Cho, K.Y.
Cho, N.-H.
Cho, S.-P.
Cho, Seong Jin
Cho, Soo Hee
Cho, Young Whan
Choel, M.
Chol, M.
Choi, Byung-Kwan
Choi, C.-J.
Choi, Chel-Jong
Choi, Eun Kyung
Choi, J.C.

Choi, Jinho
Choi, Jong-Seo
Choi, Ki Ju
Choi, Ki-Ju
Choi, M.S.
Choi, S.-H.
Choi, S.J.
Choi, S.W.
Choi, Si-Young
Choi, Suk-Ho
Choi, Sung Jin
Choi, Won-Kyun
Chomsang, N.
Choy, Wallace C.H.
Chu, F.
Chu, Jinn P.
Chu, Justin Jang-Hann
Chu, Ming-Wen
Chu, M.-W.
Chua, K.B.
Chuang, Dong
Chuang, Hui-Fang
Chun, Hoon Jai
Chun, M.-H.
Chun, Y.B.
Chunchaiyakul, S.
Chung, Dong Joo
Chung, Dong yong
Chung, E.Y.
Chung, Hee-Suk

Chung, Jin-Seok
Chung, Sung-Yoon
Chylewska, A.
Cockayne, D.J.H.
Colliex, Christian
Conde, A.
Coombs, D.S.
Cornell, E.W.
Costa, P.
Cui, J.P.
Cui, Xiang Shun
Cytridiomycosis Group

12
112
97
56
121
46
10
151
124
59
107
25
48
28
62
11
119
124
95
105
143
8
96
119
154
75
89
75
95
47
135
121
156
28
62
63
101
52
136
11
8
147
89
160
37
94
151
124
125
121
63
103
107
134
135
44
24
47
50
79
43
137
142
18
45
105
148
149
68

Dabrowska, A.
Dai, Xinghong
Daio, T.
Danev, R.

164

50
71
24
19

Danev, Radostin

Danisovic, L.
Danzl, R.
Dararutana, P.
Das, J.
Dato, A.
De Guzman, Evelyn E.
De Yro, P.
Deboudt, K.
Deconihout, B.
Deguchi, M.
Dehm, Gerhard
Dekan, J.
Deng, Changguang
Deng, Chunming
Doi, T.
Dolzhikov, S.V.
Downing, K.H.
Drennan, J.
Du, Chunsheng
Du, K.
Du, Wen
Dutchaneephet, J.

18
19
71
122
22
107
34
7
41
145
48
65
96
59
94
126
143
143
84
110
18
31
90
30
31
61
107

Earthman, J.C.
Eckert, J.
Eckert, Jrgen
Egerton, Ray
Ehara, T.
Endo, Akira
ENDO, Hirotoshi
Endo, N.
Engsusophon, A.
Erben, Christoph M.
Erni, R.
Erwin, D.
Espineda, Emmanuel M.
Ezoe, Y.

13
34
109
19
43
114
20
139
112
116
73
7
132
41
118

Fairchild, B.A,
Faiz, Noraswana Nor
Farid, C.G.
Fazylova, S.
Feltin, E.
Feng, Songlin
Fenniri, Hicham
Feser, Michael
Figarski, A.
Fischione, P.E.
Flament, P.
Frangakis, A.S.
Frank, L.
Freitag, B.
Frenkiel-Krispin, D.
Frenklach, M.
Fu, Y.S.
Fujihira, M.
Fujii, S.
Fujii, K.
Fujii, Y.
Fujikawa, Akihiro
Fujita, Toshiro
Fujiwara, S.
Fujiwara, Takahiro
Fukada, Maki

10
89
70
153
146
98
81
19
44
50
9
48
71
139
6
9
72
7
154
25
25
105
14
71
77
111
51
156

Fukumori, K.
Fukunaga, Y
Furiki, Masanari
Furukawa, H.
Furutsu, Tadao
Furuya, K.

Furuya, Kazuo

106
152
20
54
90
53
54
57
63
81
130
132
28
146

Ge, B.H.
Gerthsen, D.
Gestmann, I.
Gholinia, A
Glaeser, R.
Glaeser, R.M.
Glynn, A.
Golberg, D.
Golberg, Dmitri
Golichenkov, V.A.
Gonoji, T.
Gonzales, J.
Goodman, Russell P.
Goran, D
Goto, R.
Grandjean, N.
Greentree, A.D.
Griffin Roberts, K.
Griffin, Brendan John
Grudin, B.N.
Gruenbaum, Y.
Gu, G.H.
Gu, Gil-Ho
Gu, W.
Gu, Weiwei
Gui, Jianian
Guo, H.
Guo, Jun
GUO, Xiao-hui
Guo, Y.N.
Guo, Y.Q.

41
128
18
68
67
137
80
20
22
78
18
20
103
127
18
71
45
46
123
105
145
73
103
148
98
10
5
22
110
72
11
62
45
45
100
103
110
135
40
67
107

Ha, Heon Young

Ha, Kwon-Soo
Hagiwara, K.
Haider, Max
Hamamoto, C.
Hamamoto, Chieko
Han, Heung Nam

Han, H.N.
Han, Hyun-Ju
Han, Jiande
Han, Jung-Mi
Han, Ki-Hwan

Han, X.D
Han, X.H.
Han, Xiaodong
Han, Young-Jun

Gairola, S.
Galindo, P.
Gamm, B.
Gao, Min
Gao, Q.
Garcia, L.
Gault, B.
Gauvin, Raynald

Han, M.
Han, Mikyung
Han, Min
Han, S.
Han, Sang Do
Han, Sun Sik
Han, Sung Sik

29
38
64
5
112
130
16
59
103
104
104
150
36
77
77

Hanna, P.
Hanna, P.J.
Hara, K.
Hara, T.
Haraguchi, Tokuko
Harashima, S.
Harikrihsnan, R.
Hartel, P.
Haruta, M.
Hasanovic, S.
Hasegawa, H.
Hasegawa, Hirokazu
Hasegawa, T.

Hasegawa, Toshiaki
Hashimoto, H.
Hashimoto, M.
Hashimoto, N.

Hashimoto, XH
Hata, S.

Hata, T.
Hatakeyama, Risa
Hatano, M.
Hayase, Masanori
Hayashi, Taisuke
Hayashi, Y.
Hayashi, Yasuhiko
Hayashida, M.
Hayatsu, Manabu
He, J.P.
He, Jian
HE, Kai
He, L.L.
Helmli, F.
Heo, Won Do
Heo, Yoon-Uk
Her, Eun Kyu
Hernandez, J.C.
Herrera, Annabelle A.
Herrmann, H.
Hidayatul, F.O.
Higashi, R.
Higashida, K.
Hillion, F.
Hing, H.L.

158
63
14
33
110
67
74
35
71
74
158
68
83
58
81
148
149
115
116
87
23
37
8
70
5
100
98
60
111
12
131
82
91
102
106
130
67
111
82
102
104
140
140
53
55
84
130
74
16
125
101
26
29
140
82
87
156
157
66
71
62
6
31
22
38
28
146
97
53
70
72
157
35
53
80
8

Hino, Akiya
Hiraga, K.
Hiraga, Kenji
Hirai, Y.
Hiralal, T.
Hirano, N.
Hiraoka, Yasushi
Hirase, A
Hirase, Ai
Hirashima, Tomoyasu
Hirata, A.
Hirata, Akihiko
Hirata, K.
Hirata, Yoshiki
Hirayama, T.

Hirayama, Tsukasa

Hirokawa, N.
Hirose, E.
Hirose, Yuko
Hirotsu, Yoshihiko
Hishinuma, Y.
Ho, C.J.
Homma, Y.
Honda, M.
Hong, Ki Jung
Hong, M.
Hong, Moon-Hi

Hong, Seung Hee

Hong, Woong-Pyo
Hori, F.
Horii, H.
Horreard, F.
Hosogi, N.
Hostounsky, Zdenek
Hotta, Y.
HOU, Jin-ling
Hou, X.G.
Hovmller, Sven
Hsieh, C.-E.
Hsieh, W.-K.
Hsieh, Y.T.
Hsu, C.H.
Hsu, Chiung-Chi
Hsu, C.-M.
Hsu, H.S.
Hsu, J.T.
Hsu, Ray-Quen
Hsu, Tung
Hu, Yong
Hua, T.-T.
Huang, H.T.
Huang, Hung-Tu
Huang, J.C.A.
Huang, Jia-Hong
Huang, Jow-Lay
Huang, Jyun-Hao

88
89
90
157
159
149
54
29
133
140
41
85
118
37
152
55
20
33
33
56
25
9
56
65
18
55
56
1
119
157
33
83
139
141
59
53
88
101
11
8
9
103
59
97
104
97
54
80
16
70
15
21
81
68
147
19
7
141
6
87
145
155
84
95
145
13
29
135
111
117
118
119
84
100
133
138

Huang, R.N.
Huang, Rong Tan
Huang, S.H.

Huang, T.W.
Huang, Wen-Hung
Huang, Xiaofang
Huang, Y.
Huang, Y.H.
Huang, Y.-L.
Huang, Zeng-wei
Hubert, DHW
Hubet, DHW
Huh, Yoon
Hunt, J.A.
Hunt, John
Huo, Guan-Hua
Hussain, Sahid
Hutchinson, John W.
Hwang, Cheol Seong

Hwang, Dong June

Hwang, James C. M.
Hwang, Jin-Sun
Hwang, Kyung-Hee
Hwang, Kyu-Sung
Hwang, Seon Oh
Hwang, W.-J.

Hwang, Wook-Jung
Hwu, Y.K.
Hwu, Yeukuang
Hyatt, Alex D.
Hyon, G.-S.

153
10
101
6
18
87
6
87
118
81
106
63
155
36
9
6
88
101
8
132
45
78
133
134
10
57
99
111
109
78
159
116
154
130
57
96
146
101
6
87
18
68
15

Ice, G.E.
Ichihashi, M.
Ido, Shin-ichiro
Idris, S.
Ignacio, J.
Iguchi, Shu
Iijima, Sumio
Iizuka, Y.
Ikeda, K.

Ikeno, S.

Ikeno, Susumu
Ikram, A.
Ikuhara, Yuichi
Imamura, M.
Inada, Hiromi
Inaga, S.
Inagi, Yuki
Inaguma, Y.
Inai, T.
Inoke, K.
Inoue, Akihisa

44
10
55
25
89
143
145
125
57
54
16
53
160
27
105
106
139
105
13
32
47
148
5
87
15
20
108
119
53
33

Inoue, K.

Inoue, Yuuki
Intaratat, N.
Irokawa, Y.
Isakozawa, Shigeto
Ishida, Y.
Ishiguro, Takashi
Ishiguro, Yasuhide
Ishii, A.
Ishii, Naonori
Ishikawa, Masashi
Ishikawa, T.
Ishimaru, M.
Ishino, Y.
Ishizuka, K.
Ishizuka, Kazuo
Ismail, Hawa
Isoda, S.
Isoda, Seiji
Isogai, A.
Itakura, M.
Ito, S.
Ito, Sukehiro
Ito, T.
Itoh, Akiji
Itoh, T.
Itoh, Yumi
Iwamoto, Masaaki
Iwano, M.
Iwasaki, K.
Iwata, F.
Iyasu, T.
Izumi, T.

16
139
160
130
157
57
6
56
26
27
34
16
131
112
138
33
64
102
128
19
157
22
100
96
97
124
24
144
22
20
130
16
111
156
37
124
148
22
87
9

Jacewicz, D.
Jagadish, C
Jagape, J.
Jakubovsky, J.
Jamieson, D.N.
Jang, J.-t.
Jang, Jae Hyuck
Jang, Jiyoung
Jang, S.H.
Jang, Si-Hyong
Jang, U.K.
Jang, Won-tae
Jansen, J.
Jarausch, K.
Je, JH
Jeon, J.H.
Jeon, Jong-Myeong
Jeon, Seung-Min
Jeon, Sun-Ho
Jeong, H.S.
Jeong, H.Y.
Jeong, Hong Sik
Jeong, J.-M.
Jeong, J.M.
Jeong, Jong-Man

Jeong, N.
Jeong, N.J.

50
67
145
94
126
10
134
10
99
99
105
160
138
122
46
5
87
123
37
144
112
99
120
91
23
93
55
24
91
92
128
110
137

Jeong, Y.H.

Jeong, Yong
Jeong, Yong-Hwan
Jhe, Wonho

Ji, Y.
Jia, Shuangfeng
Jia, Zhiyong
Jian, W.B.
Jiang, Qike
Jiang, XM
Jin, C.Q.
Jin, Chuanhong
Jin, H.Z.
Jin, J.J.
Jin, Lei
Jin, Qing-song
Jin, Seon-Ah
Jin, Xiang-zi
Jinnai, H.
Jo, Ji Young
Jo, Moon-Ho
Johansen, T.H.
Joo, J.
Joo, M.
Jou, Hyeong-Tae
Joy, David C
Joyce, H.J.
Ju, J.S.

Jun, J.C.
Jun, Joong Hwan
Jun, Y.-W
Jun, Z.
Jung, Nam Hyun
Jung, H.J.
Jung, H.R.
Jung, In Chul
Jung, Ki Young
Jung, Min Kyo
Jung, Seunghwa
Jung, W.K.
Jung, Won-Gu
Jung, Y.H.
Jung, Yeongwoong
Jung, Yeon-Seung
Jung, YunChul
Jungudomchareon, S.
Jungudomjaroen, S.
Junjie, Guo

119
120
121
36
28
26
93
132
146
20
62
65
133
142
86
107
57
64
18
62
123
107
123
130
139
62
139
75
75
91
113
22
67
94
100
104
121
109
23
61
124
59
75
137
8
71
74
90
55
91
140
63
104
29
157
151
61

Kageyama, Kaneo
Kai, Hiromi
Kai, J.J.

Kai, Ji-Jung

Kaji, K.

Kaji, Kazutoshi

6
124
133
136
138
141
142
145
18
79
100
136
5
54
87
6

165

Kajiwara, T
Kamarruddin, I.
Kamarudin, N.
Kamarulzaman, N.
Kameie, T.
Kamel, A.G.M.
Kamino, T.

Kamolnorranath, S.
Kaneko, K.
Kaneko, Kenji
Kaneko, Y.

Kaneyama, T.
Kang, Byung-Ho
Kang, E.J.
Kang, H.B.
Kang, Han-Byul
Kang, Hee Chol
Kang, I.-S.
Kang, J.-H.
Kang, J.S.

Kang, J.-Y.
Kang, Jun-Yun
Kang, Kibum
Kang, S.
Kang, S.J.
Kang, S.M.
Kang, Suk Hoon
Kang, W.S.

Kang, Y.K.
Kang, Y.N.
Kanno, Ryo
Kao, T.-T.
Karahara, I.
Kaswand, M.A.
Kataoka, Sho
Kato, S
Kato, T.

Kato, Takayuki
Kato, Takeharu
Katoh, Y.
Katsumata, T.
Kavanaugh, S.
Kawabata, T.

Kawabata, Tokimasa
Kawachi, Y.
Kawahara, Katsunobu
Kawai, T.
Kawamata, Shigeru
Kawamoto, K.
Kawamoto, S.
Kawasaki, M.
Kawasaki, Masahiro
Kawasaki, Naohiko
Kawasaki, T.

166

50
153
138
138
15
90
159
9
54
58
129
40
53
53
19
66
127
44
63
35
42
138
104
96
41
146
89
29
65
80
104
104
62
59
80
132
82
96
119
120
121
76
75
71
86
113
8
20
50
9
56
65
73
148
55
56
142
108
114
27
105
106
105
106
142
125
126
94
20
54
113
118
19
96
55
60

Kawata, H.
Kawazato, H.
Kawazato, Hirokazu
Kazama, Makoto
Kelly, Thomas F.
Kent, D.
Kibamoto, H.
Kida, T.
Kiener, Daniel
Kiguchi, T.
Kihm, H.W.
Kikuchi, H.
Kikuchi, S.
Kil, Young Woo
Kim, D.H.
Kim, Dong-Ik
Kim, B.H.
Kim, B.K.
Kim, Bomi
Kim, Bong Su
Kim, Byoung-Geun
Kim, Byunghoon
Kim, C.S.
Kim, Chang Oh
Kim, Chinkyo
Kim, Choong-Un
Kim, D.C.
Kim, D.H.

Kim, D.-I.
Kim, D.R.
Kim, D.S.
Kim, Dal-Hyun
Kim, Deok-Yang
Kim, Do Hyang
Kim, Do Hyun

Kim, Dong An
Kim, Dong Hyuk
Kim, Dong-Chul
Kim, Dongsoo
Kim, Dongun
Kim, E.T.
Kim, Eun jin
Kim, Eun-Soo
Kim, Eun Soo
Kim, G.H.
Kim, Gi-wook
Kim, H.

Kim, H.J.
Kim, H.L.
Kim, H.S.
Kim, Han Sung
Kim, Hee Jin
Kim, Hong Tae
Kim, HW
Kim, Hyun-Gil
Kim, Hyung-Kyu
Kim, Hyun-Jong
Kim, Hyun-wook
Kim, I.-B.

133
140
125
126
126
149
80
31
114
58
58
34
54
26
54
52
142
34
59
91
32
66
76
93
150
103
91
135
144
96
63
34
70
110
119
120
121
104
93
26
8
109
109
103
134
135
143
62
137
95
103
159
91
92
125
156
156
93
112
122
110
137
152
11
144
121
93
130
101
45
123
28
98
143
92
37

Kim, J.-G.
Kim, J.-H.
Kim, J.J.
Kim, J.S.
Kim, J.Y.
Kim, Jae Deok
Kim, Jae Jin
Kim, Jae Nam
Kim, Jee-woong
Kim, Jeong Hwan
Kim, Ji Hui
Kim, Ji Woo

Kim, Jihyun
Kim, Jin

Kim, Jin Gyu

Kim, Jin-Gyu

Kim, Jinwook
Kim, JK
Kim, Jong Min
Kim, Jongwoo
Kim, Jung Han
Kim, Jung-Un
Kim, JW
Kim, K.B.
Kim, K.H.
Kim, Ka Hee
Kim, Ki Buem
Kim, Ki Hwan

Kim, Ki Woo
Kim, Ki-Joong
Kim, Kukcheol
Kim, Kwang Yoon
Kim, Kyou-Hyun
Kim, Kyung Min
Kim, M.C.
Kim, M.I.
Kim, M.Y.
Kim, Minsoo
Kim, Miyoung

Kim, Moon J.
Kim, Moon-Soon
Kim, Mun-Chang
Kim, Nam-Hyung
Kim, S.
Kim, S.A.
Kim, S.-H.
Kim, S.J.
Kim, S.P.
Kim, S.W.
Kim, Sam-Dong
Kim, Sehee
Kim, Sejin
Kim, Seul Cham

134
146
56
138
57
58
138
88
109
99
92
10
74
63
107
134
135
111
78
158
159
23
24
79
91
103
128
48
123
15
93
103
56
123
34
59
138
101
109
88
99
101
156
146
103
84
95
96
57
7
111
32
66
103
10
99
134
144
61
56
128
148
149
25
37
89
55
75
97
129
111
14
63
103
104
134

Kim, Seul-Cham
Kim, Seung-Hyun
Kim, Soo Jin
Kim, Soo-Jin

Kim, Soojin
Kim, Soo-Sung
Kim, Su Jin
Kim, Su-Jin
Kim, Sung
Kim, Sung-Dae
Kim, Sung-Hwan
Kim, Sungjee

Kim, Sung-Joon
Kim, Tae Hwan
Kim, Tae-Hwan
Kim, Taejoon
Kim, Tae-Keun
Kim, W.J.
Kim, Wan-Young
Kim, Won-Kyu
Kim, Y.
Kim, Y.-W.
Kim, Yeong Ki
Kim, Y.H.
Kim, Y.I.
Kim, Y.-J.

Kim, Y.K.
Kim, Y.M.
Kim, Y.-M
Kim, Yoon Bae
Kim, Young Gi
Kim, Young Ho
Kim, Young-Ha
Kim, Younghoon
Kim, Young-Min
Kim, Young-Woon

Kim, Youn-Jong
Kim, Youn-Joong

Kim, Y.-S
Kim, Y.T.
Kim, Yu-Mi
Kimoto, K.
Kimoto, Y.
Kimura, K.
Kimura, Y.

135
143
96
97
139
151
91
116
150
92
116
24
14
135
57
129
104
38
133
146
29
88
103
12
116
82
78
159
148
67
144
88
75
92
23
93
134
132
91
23
82
84
99
121
103
112
24
57
84
97
104
129
139
19
23
24
47
48
79
88
91
92
103
113
128
147
23
91
92
159
66
133
140
130
55
79

Kimura, Yoshihide
King, W.E.
Kinugasa, Satoshi
Kirkland, A.I.
Kitade, K.
Kitaguchi, H.
Kitawaki, K.
Kitayama, Atsushi
Kitazawa, Masashi
Kiyohara, N.

Kiyokazu, Kametani
Klein, Janet D.
Knap, N.
Ko, Dong-Su
Ko, Jeong-Sik
Ko, Tae Jun
Ko, Y.-D.
Kobayashi, Kei
Kobayashi, Shohei
Kobayashi, T.
Kogure, T.
Kohno, H.
Koike, M.
Koike-Takeshita, Ayumi
Koizumi, K.
Kojidani, Tomoko
Koltovoy, N.
Komatsu, H.
Komatsu, S.
Kondo, Y.
Kondou, R.
Kong, L.L.
Kongpakdee, Chaimongkol
Konno, M.

Konno, T.J.
Konno, Toyohiko J
Koo, Bon Woong
Koo, Hyeon Sook
Kook, M.H.
Kopani, M.

Korotcenkov, G.
Koshikawa, Takanori
Koshino, M.
Koujin, Takako
Kozuka, Maiko
Krishnan, K.M.
Kruatrachue, Maleeya
Kshidome, K.
Kuanpradit, C.
Kubasik-Juraniec, J.
Kubo, Yosuke
Kudyshkin, V.
Kum, Dongwha
Kumar, D.
Kunimune, Y.
Kuo, Chang-Lin
Kuo, Chien-Lin
Kuo, Hsiao-Yun
Kuo-Huang, L.-L.
Kuo-Huang, L.L.

87
132
57
77
31
87
84
53
18
82
43
114
153
158
74
159
49
50
57
129
122
134
44
25
37
24
117
47
59
22
71
153
37
122
100
140
130
118
157
158
5
9
54
87
94
129
34
54
29
84
139
35
93
94
122
126
66
21
61
37
156
5
115
83
116
50
7
146
3
5
10
94
133
154
86
153

Kurasawa, Masumi
Kurashima, K.
Kurata, H.
Kurata, Hiroki
Kuriyama, N.
Kuroda, K.
Kuroda, Kotaro

Kuroda, Kouhei
Kuroda, Shohei
Kurokawa, T.
Kurui, Y.
Kusumi, Akihiro
Kuwano, N.
Kwak, C.H.
Kweon, H.-S.
Kweon, Hee-Seok
Kwo, J.
Kwon, H.M.
Kwon, J.H.
Kwon, Ji-Hwan
Kwon, Jung-Kyun
Kwon, K.Y.
Kwon, Kihyun
Kwon, Kun Young
Kwon, Mi Jung
Kwon, S.C.
Kwon, S.Y.
Kwon, Tae-Hwan
Kwun, Hyeog Dae
Kyung, S.

124
45
22
100
96
97
52
65
7
27
46
125
124
10
62
137
51
84
144
32
55
24
91
11
94
82
99
148
149
75
79
121
151
82
75
77
99
101
23

LaGrange, T.B.
Lai, G.-C.
Lai, J.T.
Lai, L.-C.
Lai, Ming-Wei
Laing, Keng S.
Larabell, C.A.
Larabell, Carolyn A.
Lau, Shu Ping
Laude, R.
Le Gros, M.A.
Lee S.-G.
Lee, J.
Lee, J.Y.
Lee, B.H.
Lee, Bong Ho
Lee, Byoung-Wook
Lee, Byung Chan
Lee, C.G.
Lee, Chien-Min
Lee, Chih-Hao
Lee, E.J.
Lee, Eun-Ju
Lee, G.S.
Lee, G.Y.
Lee, H.B.R.
Lee, H.-C.
Lee, H.J.
Lee, H.N.
Lee, Ho-beom
Lee, Hongrim
Lee, Hu-Chul

57
58
155
154
13
97
45
45
45
82
143
45
93
56
34
132
99
116
88
26
97
63
55
91
91
121
11
104
32
66
30
122
90
28

Lee, Hyo-kwon
Lee, Hyun-Wook
Lee, In-Sik
Lee, J.
Lee, J.B.
Lee, J.-G.
Lee, J.H.
Lee, J.K.
Lee, J.M.
Lee, J.Y.

Lee, Jae-bom
Lee, Jae-Hak
Lee, Jaehyung
Lee, Jaesung
Lee, Jae-Wook
Lee, Jee-Young
Lee, Jeong-Hyeon
Lee, Jong Eun
Lee, Jongbeom
Lee, Joon-Ho
Lee, Jung Hoo
Lee, Jung-Hoo
Lee, Jung-Hoon
Lee, Jun-Ho
Lee, Ju-Yeon
Lee, K.G.
Lee, K.J.

Lee, Keunbong
Lee, Kyoung-Hwan,
Lee, Kyung Eun

Lee, Kyunghee
Lee, Manhee
Lee, Mary Ng Mah
Lee, Min Ha
Lee, Min-Suk
Lee, Myoung-Jae
Lee, Ng Mah
Lee, Sang Eun
Lee, Sang Hoon

Lee, Sang-Hee

Lee, S.B.
Lee, S.E.
Lee, Se Jung
Lee, Seok Hoon
Lee, Seong-Sik
Lee, Seon-Gyu
Lee, Seung Hun
Lee, S.H.
Lee, Shi-ri
Lee, SJ
Lee, Soon Joo

104
146
122
78
116
110
54
62
66
104
34
93
34
55
63
91
92
100
104
138
116
56
137
79
96
88
91
116
17
29
156
48
147
149
52
91
26
70
119
120
121
90
156
71
74
158
111
93
84
109
96
95
37
119
156
63
104
107
160
24
88
91
23
100
104
92
142
156
24
92
119
55
97
131
123
97

Lee, Sujeong
Lee, Sujung
Lee, Sung Ho
Lee, Sung Hwa
Lee, Sun-Gyu
Lee, Su-Youn
Lee, S.S.
Lee, S.W.
Lee, S.Y.
Lee, T.-Y.
Lee, Tae Hoon
Lee, Tae-Ho
Lee, W.H.
Lee, Won Taek
Lee, Y.J.
Lee, Y.B.
Lee, Y.I.
Lee, Y.-K.
Lee, Y.M.

Lee, Yoon-Su
Lee, Young Mok
Lee, Young-Boo

Lee, Young-Ho
Lee, Young-Kook
Lee, Young-Kwang
Lee, You-Sub
Lee, Z.
Legros, Marc
LeGros, Mark A.
Letchmanan, Vickneswary
Leu, Chyi-Ming
Li, Chao
Li, Chengyao
Li, D.X.

Li, F.H.
Li, F.Y.
Li, Fei

Li, G.
Li, J.Q.

LI, Ji-wen
Li, Kunpeng
Li, Luying
Li, M. ingrunR.
Li, Q.
LI, Quan
Li, Wei-Qin
Li, Wenliang
Li, X.M.
Li, Xiang-Shu
Li, Yan
Li, Yinyin
Li, Yong
Li, Z.H.
Liang, C.Y.
Liang, Zhe Zhi
Liao, B.
Liao, L.
Librea, Milarosa
Librea, Milarosa L.
Lightner, D.V.
Lien, Nguyen Thi Minh

48
113
47
88
112
91
76
158
75
142
11
93
146
35
29
7
17
11
55
138
89
70
119
121
56
74
47
48
147
98
104
143
135
7
58
45
47
131
131
68
27
99
105
78
98
107
14
98
145
79
44
46
83
21
36
71
65
147
68
32
89
68
78
95
100
71
135
98
83
101
81
67
41
40
124
160

167

Lim, Do Sun
Lim, Do-Seon
Lim, Jong Yeon
Lim, Jong-Yeon
Lim, N.S.
Lin, C.H.
Lin, Chun-Hung
Lin, J.J.
Lin, Jen-Tai
Lin, Li-Jiaun
Lin, Xin-Yu
Liou, Gunn-Guang
Liou, S.C.
Liu, A.D.
Liu, B
Liu, Baodan
Liu, Bo
Liu, C.-X.
Liu, Chuan-Pu

Liu, E.W.Y.
Liu, Guei-Sheung
Liu, H.-Y.
Liu, J.
Liu, J.J.
Liu, Min
Liu, S.P.
Liu, Shang-Pin
Liu, Y.
Liu, Yee-Lang
Liu, Yu
Liu, Z.W.
Liu, Zhiguo
Liu, Zhi-Quan
Liu, Zongwen
Lo, Shen-Chuan
Long, Rui
Lu, C.J.
Lu, Ning
Lu, Q.H.
Lu, Xiaoli
Lu, Yong
Ludtke, Steven J.
Luo, J.L.
Luo, W.
Lupini, A.R.

119
154
74
150
65
63
107
133
118
131
147
154
39
11
81
86
46
81
20
84
94
133
51
118
155
9
145
143
117
118
61
100
62
132
63
27
135
33
60
97
131
100
68
64
102
65
131
14
107
5
5

Ma, C.
Ma, Chao
Ma, X.L.

Madakashira, Phaniraj P
Madsen, Kirsten M.
Maebara, T.
Maeda, H.
Maeda, Nami
Maehata, K.
Maemura, Y.
Majima, T.
Makimura, K.
Makino, A.
Makise, K.
Malac, M.
Malac, Marek
Malek, T.

168

46
83
44
30
67
79
108
59
78
67
94
139
157
23
64
140
158
12
132
127
19
94

Mamauag, M.
Manakasem, Y.
Mannella, C.
Manome, Y.
Marcelo, Wendel T.
Mareau, Vincent H.
Marko, M.
marks, Nigel
Marquis, Emmanuelle A.
Marsh, Brad J.
Martin, I.
Marumo, Sachi
Maruno, T.
Massey, S.C.
Massey, Stephen C.
Mastronarde, David
Masunaga, T.
Masuta, Y.
Matesa, J.M.
Matoba, K.
Matsubara, K.
Matsuda, K.

Matsuda, Kenji
Matsuda, M
Matsui, F.
Matsui, Y.
Matsumoto, H.

Matsumoto, K.
Matsumoto, Masakatsu
Matsumura, S.
Matsushima, H.
Matsushita, Tadashi
Matsutani, T.
Matsuura, A
Matsuwaki, U.
Matsuyama, K.
Murer, Gabriele
McDermott, G.
McIlwrath, K.
McIlwrath, Kevin
McMichael, Colleen
Medalia, O.
Meemon, K.
Meng, Fan-wei
Mei, Ting
Mei, Yuan
Messer, R.
Miao, Shu
Midgley, P.A.
Midoh, Yoshihiro
Miglierini, M.
Mimura, R.
Min, Bong-Ki
Min, Byoung-Hoon
Min, K.H.
Minamide, H.
Mineyuki, Y.
Ming, Naiben
Minor, A.M.
Misaki, K.
Mistinova, J.
Mitamura, Y.
Mitani, T.

126
143
152
19
117
41
12
19
33
52
35
80
156
87
37
36
42
74
113
9
124
130
27
105
106
139
105
106
50
36
66
83
54
94
130
132
136
149
24
130
127
12
55
148
130
130
21
45
13
8
35
42
72
43
50
135
14
23
64
53
130
94
126
133
137
150
59
109
113
63
60
113
94
126
94
102

Mitome, M.
Mitome, Masanori
Mitra, NK
Mitsuda, K.
Mitsuhara, M.
Mitsuishi, K.

Mitsuoka, Kaoru
Miwa, Y.
Miyak, Atsushi
Miyakawa, M.
Miyake, H.
Miyamura, H.
Miyawaki, Ako
Miyazaki, H.
Miyazaki, Hiroki
Miyazawa, A.

Miyazawa, Atsuo
Mizuno, S.
Moazed, Danesh
Modin, E.B.
Moeller, D.
Mohd-Ali, B.
Mohidin, N.
Mohsin, S.S.J.
Molina, S.
Molina, S.I.
Monzen, R.

Moody, S.M.
Moon, Jeong Tak
Moon, Myoung-Woon
Moon, S.-M.
Moon, T.
Moon, W.-J.
Moon, Won-Jin
Mori, H.

Mori, Hirotaro
Mori, S.

Moriguchi, K.
Morita, Tetsuo
Morita, Y.
Moritomo, H.
Morone, N.
Morone, Nobuhiro
Motoki, S.
Mouti, A.
Mukai, M.
Mller, H.
Mullerova, I.
Mun, Hyang-Ran
Mun, Ji Young
Muranaka, Y.
Murayama, R.
Murayama, Takashi
Murranaka, Y.
Muto, K.

45
46
123
23
53
54
57
63
81
132
71
114
20
54
118
52
82
55
77
72
148
152
55
56
39
110
72
40
40
70
153
5
128
30
101
102
106
107
21
97
134
46
134
82
88
103
62
137
140
23
90
83
101
105
94
124
16
56
51
51
130
98
44
63
5
139
48
147
35
74
8
88
148
125
88
111

Myint, M.
Myles, Andrew
Myoung, S.Y.
Myung, Jae Kyung
Myung, K.
Myung, K.S.
Myung, Yoon

40
19
32
76
110
137
130

Na, J.E.
Na, Kwang Duk
Na, Sang Woong
Na, Y.S.
Nadarajah, VD
Nagai, Kaoruko
Nagai, T.
Nagakubo, Y.

Nagase, Takeshi
Nagata, T.
Nagata, Tetsuji
Nagatomi, T.
Nagatomo, Y.
Nagayama, K.
Nagayama, Kuniaki

Naguro, T.
Naidoo, G.
Naidoo, Y.
Naito, M.
Nakagawa, Mine
Nakahara, Shohei
Nakajima, K.
Nakamura, E.
Nakamura, J.
Nakamura, K.

Nakamura, M.
Nakane, H.
Nakano, T.
Nakashima, H.
Nakayama, C.
Nakayashiki, H.
Nakiem, Jirasuda
Nakkong, N.
Nam, Eun Sook
Nam, Hyo Kwan
Nam, Ju Taek
Nam, W.S.
Namba, K.
Namba, Keiichi
Namekawa, Ryoji
Nara, M.
Narahara, H.
Narahara, Hisashi
Narkkong, N.-A.
Ng, M.L.

Ng, Mah-Lee
Ngamniy, A.
Ngernsoungnern, A.

Ngernsoungnern, P.
Nicholas, A.

121
10
137
56
123
125
126
140
58
83
129
23
41
73
74
87
144
19
18
19
71
15
85
41
85
33
64
20
109
127
61
27
106
5
35
87
90
15
64
53
127
16
115
154
151
88
146
91
35
73
6
158
126
124
40
51
85
149
52
157
49
114
115
114
115
41

Nielsen, Erik
Nihira, T.
Niina, H.
Nilbu-nga, S.
Nishi, R.
Nishi, Ryuji

Nishida, Tomoki
Nishikata, Hideyuki
Nishimura, K.
Nishimura, Masako
Nishino, Y.
Nishinoiri, K.
Nishioka, H.
Nishiyama, K.
Nishiyama, Masaaki
Nitta, K.
Nitta, Koji
Nitta, N.
Noda, T.
Noda, Toru
Noguchi, Tsuyoshi
Noh, Hanaul
Noh, Tae Won
Nomaguchi, T.
Nomura, M.
Nor, Mohd Al Amin Muhamad
Norasingha, A.
Norazah, A.
Nordmeyer, R.A.
Normalawati, S.

Nowell, M.N.
Nuurai, P.

42
8
148
118
91
129
90
92
130
130
156
139
20
72
152
82
112
130
19
105
19
19
136
140
51
39
125
126
132
146
139
79
126
47
151
90
159
18
8
89
90
159
32
59
116

Obata, T.
Ochiai, H.
Odake, S.
Ode, K.
Ogasawara, M.
Ogasawara, Mitsuo
Oh, Chang-Seok
Oh, I.H.

Oh, Jung-Hun
Oh, Jun-Yeong
Oh, K.H.
Oh, Kyu Hwan

Oh, S.Y.
Oh, Sang Ho
Oh, Seung Soo
Oh, S-H.
Oh, Songju

126
91
156
114
129
130
29
95
105
143
129
116
104
63
96
97
103
104
107
134
135
143
91
24
58
134
5
133

Oh, Y.H.
Oh, Young Hwa
Ohkubo, T.
Ohkura, Y.
Ohkusu, M.
Ohmori, K.
Ohnishi, T.
Ohno, N.

Ohno, S.

Ohnuki, S.

Oho, E.
Ohsaki, M.
Ohshita, Y.
Ohta, I.
Ohta, K.
Ohta, S.
Ohtsuka, T.
Ohye, Toshimi
Oikawa, T.
Okada, H.
OKAMOTO, Kimiharu
Okamoto, Tetsuro
Okawara, Hiroshi
Okunishi, E.
Okuno, H.
Okura, Y.
Okushima, H.
Okuyama, H.
Oleynikov, Peter
Olivero, P.
Olson, Jesse D.
Omar, Ramlan
Omoto, K.
Omoto, Y.
Ono, A.
Ono, Manami
Ono, Yuriko
Onozato, Maristela Lika
Oohira, A.
Ooue, S.
Osafune, T.

Osaka, Taketsugu
Osakada, Hiroko
Osato, T.
Oshima, Y.
Otaki, Tatsuro
Othman, R.Y.
Otsuka, Y.
Otsuka, Yuji

91
84
139
109
112
113
138
9
14
43
77
94
14
43
77
82
102
104
140
22
23
24
96
8
88
35
24
104
131
112
19
113
139
12
18
10
47
57
130
54
53
68
10
80
89
24
114
102
157
16
77
36
24
43
114
153
158
12
37
16
62
137
70
152
130
96

Paik, Doo-Jin
Pakdeenarong, N.
Paladugu, M.
Palasoon, R.
Palkovic, M.
Pan, C.

8
9
154
67
49
122
61

Panes, Vivian A.
Pantelides, S.T.
Pantoja, C.R.
Panyarachun, B.

Paopun, Yupadee
Park, B.-w.
Park, Byong Chon
Park, Byung Kyu
Park, Byung-Gyu
Park, C.G.

Park, C.H.
Park, Chan
Park, Chan Gyung
Park, Chang-Hyun
Park, D.J.
Park, D.Y.
Park, Dae-Kyoon
Park, E.S.
Park, Enoch Y.
Park, Eun-Young
Park, Gyeong-Su
Park, Ih-Ho
Park, J.
Park, Jeong-Yong
Park, Jeunghee
Park, J.G.
Park, J.H.
Park, J.K.
Park, Jong-Che

Park, J.Y.
Park, K.
Park, K.B.
Park, K.-J.
Park, Kyung Ah
Park, Kyung-Ho
Park, M.-B.
Park, M.H.
Park, Min-Ho
Park, Moon Hyang
Park, P.
Park, S.H.
Park, Se Jin
Park, Seongje
Park, Seongyong
Park, Shin Hwa

Park, Sung-Hye
Park, Tae Joo
Park, Y.C.
Park, Y.-G.
Parkinson, D.Y.
Parkinson, Dula

67
106
144
40
41
5
124
150
151
157
158
134
8
88
47
103
11
26
29
65
80
132
121
17
62
99
160
63
26
122
110
70
78
159
95
97
144
28
130
91
82
7
8
9
146
75
82
110
137
57
96
17
122
46
138
96
160
16
160
75
144
74
158
79
61
88
99
101
76
10
99
32
96
56
45
45

Pearce, J.T.H.
Pelc, Radek
Peng, L.-M.
Peng, Lian-Mao
Pennycook, S.J.
Perez, R.
Peter, Kuliffay
Phillipp, F.
Phillips, M.R.
Phoungpetchara, I.
Phoungpetchara, Ittipon
Ping, D.H.
Pizarro, J.
Plekhova, N.G.
Plotnikov, V.S.
Pogorelova, M.A.
Pogorelova, V.N.
Polak, S.

Poljaroen, Jaruwan
Poochinya, Pachongchit
Poomthong, T.
Poomtong, T.
Poonkhum, R.
Pradidarcheep, W.

Prasad, C.P.
Prasad, P.
Prawer, S.
Pretpiboonthai, H.
Preuss, Mary
Prihirunkit, K.
Probst, Camille
Pustovalov, E.V.

28
70
61
2
68
5
137
93
23
31
21
116
118
99
128
152
110
152
123
123
94
122
126
118
158
115
116
118
150
118
150
151
153
50
8
132
10
150
151
42
49
20
110

Qi, X.
Qi, X.F.
Qin, L.Z.
Qin, Lu-Chang
Qin, Yan-Xia

61
144
70
81
68
78

R Hasidah, R.B.
Radmilovic, V.
Radzi, Megat
Raga, Dennis D.
Ralhan, R
Rashidova, S.
Rashkeev, S.
Rath, G
Raz, E.
Reed, B.W.
Ren, Pengfei

Renaud, L.
Reutrakul, V.
Rhu, U.S.
Rhyu, IJ
Rhyu, Im Joo

157
7
157
70
50
146
5
50
8
57
58
14
98
145
80
69
140
123
24
39
92

169

Ridzwan, B.H.
Riesterer, JL
Rimetz-Planchon, J.
Ringer, S.
Ringer, S.P.
Ringer, Simon P.
Ro, C.-U.
Robins, A.C.
Rochanapat, N.
Roussel, L
Roussel, L.Y.
Rubanov, S.
Rhle, M.
Ryoo, In-Sang
Ryu, Han-Wool
Ryu, Jae-Sook
Ryu, Ki-Hyeon
Ryu, W.S.

157
64
25
94
80
132
60
48
9
49
9
20
10
31
122
83
74
9
94

Sadayama, S.

Saga, T.
Sahalan, A.Z.
Saida, J.
Saijo, H.
Saiki, T.
Saito, H.
Saitoh, H.
Saitoh, S.

Saitongdee, P.
Saka, Hiroyasu
Sakamoto, Naoki
Sakka, Y.
Sakuma, Y.
Salakij, C.
Salakij, J.
Sands, Jeff M.
Sang, X.H.
Sanisly, S uboslav
Sano, H.
Sano, K.
Saowakon, N.
Sasaki, H.
Sasaki, Hirokazu
Sasaki, Hiroyuki
Sasaki, K.
Sasaki, Katsuhiro
Sasaki, Y.
Sato, K.
Sato, Kazuhisa
Sato, T.

Sato, Y.
Sato, Yohei
Satonyasuwan, P.
Sawaguchi, A.
Sawatpanich, T.
Schaffer, G.B.
Scherer, S.
Schrder, R.R.

170

9
90
131
151
8
108
66
95
25
126
102
14
43
77
115
8
20
53
57
40
49
40
49
159
30
93
130
8
69
9
126
55
124
65
7
65
34
54
83
27
34
58
94
129
22
63
44
157
35
150
151
31
22
18

Schulthei, K.
Scougall-Vilchis, R.J.
Sekiguchi, H.
Sengoku, A.
Senthilkumar, Subburaman
Seo, H.S.
Seo, H.-S.
Seo, J.H.
Seo, Jong-Hyun
Seo, J.-w.
Seo, S.H.
Seo, Sook Jae
Seo, Sunae
Seok, Hyun Kwang
Seol, J.B.
Seong, Tae-Yeon
Sercombe, T.B.
Sethadavit, M.
Setou, Mitsutoshi
Shafariatul, A.I.
Shaislamov, U.

Shan, Z.W.
Shang, Jian-Ku
Shang, Pan-Ju
Sheffield-Parker, J.
Shen, P.
Shen,Wenjie
Shi, C.Y.
Shi, H.L.
Shi, Jhih-Yin
SHI, Yongxi
Shi, Y.X.
Shi, Z.X.
Shiba, H.
Shibata, K.
Shibata, Y.
Shigematsu, H.
Shigematsu, Hideki
Shigemoto, Ryuichi
Shigeto, Kunji
Shih, Y.C.
Shim, Jae-Hyeok
Shimada, T.
Shimada, Tatsuo

Shimakawa, Y.
Shimanuki, Junichi
Shimizu, M.
Shimizu, Ryuichi
Shimizu, Yoshioki
Shimmen, T.
Shimoda, H
Shimojo, M.

Shimoyama, Wataru
Shin, D.H.
Shin, Hui Yoon
Shin, Hyung Sik
Shin, Hyunjung
Shin, Jun-Seop
Shin, K.
Shin, Kwang Soo
Shin, Kyusoon

18
15
131
119
155
94
96
146
26
143
134
91
70
95
84
65
80
143
31
43
51
157
56
57
96
60
27
27
135
66
107
135
117
83
118
110
145
145
124
158
119
127
19
38
20
154
107
125
126
16
124
125
126
100
26
54
132
125
113
50
54
81
130
132
6
121
11
151
14
150
26
56
88
99
13
111

Shindo, D.

Shiohara, Y.
Shiojiri, M.

Shiue, Jessie

Shizuya, E.
Shklyaev, A.A.
shoshei, Nakahara
Showpittapornchai, U.
Simpson, Julie
Sinclair, R.
Siong, How Hee
Sirichaiwetchaku, S.
Sirikulrat, N.
Siti Fatihah, A.
Slabzhennikov, E.S.
Sobanska, S.
Sobhon, P.

Sobhon, Prasert

Sohn, Byeong-Hyeok
Sohn, Yuri
Somova, L.M.
Son, Seoung-Bum
Song, Fengqi
Song, J.H.
Song, K.W.
Song, Kwan-Woo
Song, M.

Song, S.A.
Song, Se Ahn
Song, TaeSun
Song, Young Soo
Song, Zhitang
Soreq, Eyal
Sosiati, H.
Sower, S.A.
Spithill, T.
Sretarugsa, P.
Sretarugsa, Prapee
Sretasugsa, P.
Sriurairatana, Siriporn
Sroyraya, M.
Stadelmann, P.
Staehelin, Andrew L.
Staehelin, L.A.
Staehelin, L. Andrew
tefan, Galbavy
S
Stentiford, Grant D.
Stewart, M.J.
Stokes, D.J.
Stokes, DJ
Suda, J.

56
57
83
138
9
66
67
95
6
18
87
54
10
145
151
17
59
123
152
107
70
153
110
25
48
42
43
49
69
114
115
116
115
117
118
111
112
144
152
135
33
104
100
96
54
81
130
132
79
23
52
26
160
81
72
84
114
43
114
115
115
49
69
116
6
98
35
113
42
93
69
116
6
20
9
113

Suenaga, K.
Suenaga, Kazu
Sugai, S
Sugawara, K.
Sugimoto, Y.
Sugiura, Y.
Sugiyama, A.
Sugiyama, Naoyuki
Sugiyama, Setsuko
Suh, J.H.
Suh, Ju Hyung
Suh, Yong Jae
Suhaniza, R.
Sui, M.L.

Sukedai, E.
Sun, J.
Sun, Junliang
Sung, Baekman
Suriani, D.C.Z.
Surrey, T.
Suthunmapinuntra, P.
Suzuk, Suechika
Suzuki, N.

Suzuki, Suechika

SUZUKI, Toshiaki
Suzuki, Y.
Szab, K.
Szkatula, M.

61
57
83
19
25
51
139
96
131
132
99
48
89
28
68
102
105
110
147
27
67
29
68
147
93
90
159
71
40
157
9
90
131
16
125
149
156
157
139
95
21
50

Tachibana, S.
Tada, K.
Taguchi, E.
Taguchi, Hideki
Tahara, H.
Taheri, M.L.
Tai, Ming-Hong
Takagi, T.
Takahashi, A.
Takahashi, H.
Takahashi, M.
Takahashi, Y.
Takai, Y.

Takaoka, A.

Takaoka, Akio
Takaoki, E.
Takat, K.
Takayama, S.
Takayanagi, K.

Takayanagi, Kunio

144
133
140
139
71
113
57
118
51
101
82
112
56
94
12
58
79
87
129
91
124
129
92
130
22
76
124
25
62
137
5

Takeda, S.
Takeguchi, M.

Takeguchi, Masaki
Takeichi, N.
Takenaka, K.
Takenaka, M.
Takeuchi, Shuichi
Takimoto, Y.
Tan, H.H.
Tanaka, A.
Tanaka, E.
Tanaka, Eiichi
Tanaka, H.
Tanaka, Juri
Tanaka, K.
Tanaka, M.

Tanaka, N.
Tanaka, S.
Tanaka, Takayuki
Tanemura, Masaki
Tang, Chengchun
Tang, T.G.
TANG, Xiu-ying
Tang, Yiwen
Taniguchi, M.
Taniguchi, S.
Taniguchi, Y.
Tanimoto, Masatoshi
Tanishiro, Y.
Taniwaki, M.
Taniyama, A.
Tanji, T.

Tanji, Takayoshi
Tannno, Yumi
Tasi, Jin-Sheng
Taya, M.
Teng, Y.C.

Terada, N.

Terauchi, Daisuke
Terauchi, M.

Terazawa, T.
Thichanpiang, P.
Thuong, Nguyen Thi
Thuy, Nguyen Thanh
Tian, H.F.
Tikhonovsky, Alexander
Tinikul, Yotsawan
Tojo, Akihiro
Tokita, Y.
Tokura, Y.
Tolentino, Vivian S.
Tomari, N.
Tomita, T.
Tomizawa, T.
Tomokiyo, Y.

59
54
57
63
81
132
28
146
52
83
111
20
148
67
136
24
125
126
52
125
23
52
53
63
81
132
10
96
65
81
46
102
40
65
118
33
94
149
25
140
54
56
60
96
131
16
147
55
87
70
119
120
121
14
43
77
6
22
44
63
102
114
160
160
44
56
118
77
36
66
40
41
111
22
10
24

Tong, Terence Tan Tze

Tongthainun, D.
Tonomura, A.
Ton-That, C.
Tourtip, Somjintana
Trinidad, Lorelle C.
Tsai, F.Y.
Tsai, J.M.
Tsai, Jin-sheng
Tseng, C.M.
Tseng, F.G.

Tseng, Ying-Shuo
Tsukahara, M.
Tsurui, T.
Tuji, Minori
Turberfield, Andrew J.
Twesten, R.D.
Typke, D.

84
49
1
56
21
69
40
136
154
154
108
6
18
87
89
52
108
125
73
5
18

Ubhi, HS
Uchida, Y.
Uda, M.
Ueda, T.
Ueda, T.T.
Uehara, Kiyoko
Uetani, Y.
Uetani, Yasuhiro
Uhlemann, S.
Uhm, C.S.
Uhm, Chang-Sub

Umakoshi, Y.
Umrung, Patcharee
Ushiki, T.

103
140
53
12
52
113
105
105
5
121
14
15
160
64
158
22

Varela, M.
Varga, I.
Vaziri, Ashkan
Vdovin, V.I.
Vella, A.
Vincent, Pang Junxiong
Voelkl, Edgar
Voitenko, O.V.
Vojtassa, J.
Vokhidova, N.
Volkov, V.
Vurpillot, F.

Wang, Fang
Wang, Guanghou
Wang, Hui
Wang, Jianbo

Wang, Junyi
Wang, K.L.
Wang, L.
Wang, M.S.
Wang, Maofa

Wang, N.
Wang, Renhui

Wang, Ruey-Chi
Wang, S.H.
Wang, S.J.
Wang, Shumei
Wang, Su-Xia
WANG, Wen-yan
Wang, X.F.
Wang, X.-H.
Wang, Xiaomin
Wang, X.P.
Wang, Y.
Wang, Y.B.
Wang, Y.C.
Wang, Yingmin
Wang, Y.M.
Wang, Zhipeng
WANG, Yu
Wanichanon, C.
Warren, O.L.
Watabe, A.

van Aken, P.A.

van Benthem, K.
Van Capellen, E.
Vanichviriyakit, Rapeepun

Wang, Chun-Ting

23
5
6
117
118
5
122
134
98
65
37
80
110
122
146
5
87
65

Watanabe, C.

Watanabe, D.
Watanabe, I.
Watanabe, M.

Watanabe, Nobuhiko
Wathanakul, P.
Wattanasirichaigoon, S.
Weber, W.J.
Weerachatyanukul, W.

Weerachatyanukul, Wattana
W

Wada, N.
Wakada, T.
Wakimot, R.
Wall, J.
Wan Rosli, W.I.
Wan, Jianguo
Wan, W.
WANG, Ai-hua
WANG, Ai-qin
Wang, C.J.
Wang, Cheng-Yu

152
111
118
5
87
153
33
98
21
21
154
94

Wei, B.
Wei, Shi-zhong
Wei, X.L.
Weis, M.
Wen, C.
Wen, J.
Werner, P.
Whang, Jin-Ha
White, Tim
Wiengmoon, A.
Wiesel, N.
Williams, Donna

147
154
92
33
64
62
65
100
102
142
63
83
20
61
14
98
145
68
100
102
142
133
153
102
105
77
21
132
46
61
60
67
83
28
99
147
108
82
40
42
69
60
58
129
30
101
102
106
30
114
7
104
117
157
107
118
151
33
114
115
153
117
118
20
100
61
94
126
98
110
5
95
135
28
72
42

Winterstein, JP
Withayachumnarnkul, B.
Withyachumnarnkul, B.
Withyachumnarnkul, Boonsirm
Won, Nayoun
Wong, Andrew Phui-Yew
Wongprasert, K.
Wongtripop, Somjai
Woo, Euntak
Wozniak, M.
Wozniak, Michal
Wright, S.I.
Wu, Chaoqun
Wu, Chien-Ting
Wu, Dan-Wei
Wu, Lijun
Wu, Yue-Han
Wu, Xing
Wu, Z.Y.

64
153
124
150
69
117
133
146
52
114
153
69
111
50
49
50
32
59
143
136
89
78
145
89
133

Xiao, R.J.
XIE, Jing-pei
Xie, Xiaowei
Xing, H.
Xiong, Yi
Xu, Bingshe
XU, Jing
Xu, X.-D.
Xu, Y.B.
Xu, Zhongling
Xue, Zhi-Fei

46
83
21
135
29
100
61
21
20
102
100
92

Yabumoto, Y.
Yaguchi, T.

Yahiro, T.
Yamada, Hirofumi
Yamada, Y.
Yamada, Yuko
Yamaguchi, M.

Yamaguchi, Takeshi
Yamaguchi, Yoshikazu
Yamaki, K.
Yamamoto, H.
Yamamoto, K.
Yamamoto, Kazuo

Yamamoto, Takahisa
Yamamoto, Takuya
Yamanaka, Yukio
Yamasaki, J.
Yamashita, M.
Yamashita, S.
YAMAZAKI, Kazuya
Yan, Dorothy
Yan, P.F.
Yang, B.

139
9
54
58
58
129
25
9
149
19
113
127
16
132
151
153
158
15
106
18
55
56
47
124
16
10
74
82
104
139
147
147
56

171

Yang, C.W.

Yang, Cheol-Woong
Yang, Chul-Woo
Yang, D.H.
Yang, H.X .

Yang, J.J.
Yang, J.-M.

Yang, J.R.
Yang, Jun-Mo
Yang, Man Gil
Yang, Rung-Hua
Yang, S.-Z.
Yang, W.
Yang, Xiaoqing
Yang, Y.C.
Yang, Y.S.

Yao, L.D.
Yap, K.L.
Yasuda, A.
Yasuda, Aiko
Yasuda, H.
Yasuda, K.
Yasuda, M.
YASUHARA, Akira
Yasunaga, T.
Ye, H.Q.
Ye, L.L.
Yen, Tzu-Chen
Yeo, K.L.
Yeo, S.
Yeom, G.Y.
Yin, Gung-Chian
Yin, YF

172

96
100
104
138
96
78
51
44
46
83
145
56
57
96
146
95
101
124
145
155
80
100
121
26
65
80
94
107
8
125
126
126
136
140
24
133
140
139
72
148
30
30
154
85
108
97
45
86

Yip, George W.
Yogo, T.
Yokayama, T.
Yokota, E.
Yokoyama, Ken
Yokoyama, Y.
Yonemura, S.
Yoo, D.-H.
Yoo, D.H.
Yoo, J.
Yoo, J.H.

Yoo, Ki-Soo
Yoo, Y.S.
Yoon, E.J.
Yoon, Euijoon
Yoon, J.B.
Yoon, J.M.
Yoon, Sang-Won
Yoon, Sang Won
Yoon, Y.S.
Yoshida, H.
Yoshida, Kiyokazu
Yoshidome, K.
Yoshidome, T.
Yoshiie, T.
Yoshimori, H.
Yotsukura, Norishige
Youn, H.S.
Youn, Hwa Shik
Youn, In-Ki
Youn, Kwan Sik
Youn, S.B.
Young, R.J.
Yu, C.Z.
Yu, Eusun
Yu, H.Y.
YU, L.U.
Yu, R.C.
Yu, Siao-Ru
Yu, X.Z.
Yu, Y.C.
Yugai, S.
Yun, Jondo

150
83
67
113
71
34
113
56
26
56
56
57
96
128
104
144
134
26
92
143
66
70
59
90
101
84
140
87
91
44
45
116
119
93
20
140
103
135
91
142
107
108
136
145
66
145
146
90

Yurchenko, V.V.
Yuri, Nishino
Yusen, H.
Yusoff, M.
Yusoff, R.

139
148
29
152
138

Zach, J.
Zadrazil, Martin
Zakharov, N.D.
Zeng, J.
Zeng, L.J.
Zeng, Z.H.
Zhang, C.L.
Zhang, Daliang
Zhang, Hai-Bo

Zhang, Hongdan

Zhang, J.
Zhang, Ke
Zhang, L.
Zhang, Qinfen
Zhang, Qin-Fen
Zhang, S.Y.
Zhang, Ting
Zhang, W.
Zhang, Wan-hon
Zhang, Wei
Zhang, X.
Zhang, X.W.
Zhang, Y.
Zhang, Y.-Q.
Zhang, You-Kang
Zhang, Yuefei
Zhang, Z.F.
Zhang, Ze

5
89
5
98
60
46
83
79
141
108
68
147
89
92
131
14
98
145
144
65
142
125
71
36
60
81
107
100
23
67
64
33
46
20
77
58
110
58
67
68

Zhang, Zhenghai
Zhao, Dongshan
Zhao, Z.M.
Zheng, S.J.
Zheng, He
Zheng, Jincheng
Zheng, Kun
Zheng, Ou
Zheng, R.
Zheng, R.K.
Zheng, Rongkun
Zheng, S.J.
Zhou, J.M.
Zhou, Jiaping
Zhou, Shunhua
Zhou, X.Y.
Zhu, G.
Zhu, Guang

ZHU, Jian-min
Zhu, Jianmin
Zhu, Jing
ZHU, Xin-hua
Zhu, Xinhua
Zhu, Y.
Zhu, Y.L.

Zhu, Yimei
Zhuo, M.J.
Zimmerman, Tyler Jacob
Zou, J.
Zou, Wan-Zhong
Zou, X.P.
Zou, Xiaodong
Zou, Xiaoping

Zou, Xiaodong. D.
Zubaidah, A.H.

81
63
102
83
30
100
142
78
58
102
80
132
60
108
98
102
63
83
135
14
98
145
62
63
64
62
63
5
87
30
79
108
78
79
63
67
83
77
135
68
147
14
98
145
147
152