World Applied Programming, Vol (3), Issue (12), December 2013.

565-571
ISSN: 2222-2510
2014 WAP journal. www.tijournals.com

Exact Solutions of Nonlinear (2 + 1)-Dimension Nonlinear

Dispersive Long Wave and Coupled BoitiLeonPempinelli
Equations by using the Modified Simple Equation Method
Zainab Ayati
Department of Engineering sciences, Faculty of Technology and Engineering East of Guilan, University of Guilan, P.C.
44891-63157, Rudsar-Vajargah, Iran
Ayati.zainab@gmail.com, zainab.ayati@guilan.ac.ir
Abstract: The modified simple equation method is an efficient method to obtain exact solutions of nonlinear
partial differential equations. In present paper, the modified simple equation method has been applied to obtain
generalized solutions of nonlinear (2 + 1)-dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave and coupled BoitiLeon
Pempinelli equations. The new exact solutions of these equations are obtained. It has been shown that the
method provides a very effective and powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear partial differential
equations.

Keywords: modified simple equation method; Partial differential equation, dispersive long wave equations,
BoitiLeonPempinelli equation.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Mathematical modeling of many real phenomena leads to a non-linear partial differential equations in various fields of
physics and engineering. Various powerful methods have been presented so far, such as tanh-function method [1-2],
sinecosine method [3], Homotopy Analysis method[4], Homotopy perturbation method [5], variational iteration method
[6-7], Adomian decomposition method [8], Exp-function method [9-12], simplest equation method[13-14], and many
others. Most recently, a modified of simplest equation method (MSE method) has been developed to obtain solutions of
various nonlinear evolution equations [15-18]. The present paper is motivated by the desire to extend the MSE method to
obtain generalized solutions of nonlinear (2 + 1)-dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave equations (DLW equation)
and coupled BoitiLeonPempinelli equation (BLP equation). The procedure of this method, by the help of Matlab,
Maple or any mathematical package, is of utter simplicity.
In this paper the following (2 + 1)-dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave equations has been considered.

1
ut y vxx (u 2 ) xy 0,
2
vt u x (uv) x u xxy 0.

(1)

If we let x be equal to y, the (2 + 1)-dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave equation can be reduced to the (1 + 1)dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave equation that describes the travel of the shallow water wave. The DLW
equation were first obtained by Boiti et al. [19] as a compatibility condition for a weak Lax pair. Recently
considerable effort has been devoted to the study of this system. For more detail about this system, the reader is advised
to see the remarkable achievements in Refs. [1923].
The second equation that will be considered is nonlinear to the coupled BoitiLeonPempinelli equation (BLP equation),
which reads

uty (u 2 u x ) xy 2vxxx ,

(2)

vt vxx 2uvx .
Using the extended tanh method explicit exact solutions of the BLP equation, were obtained by Feng and et al [24].
Soliton-like and multi soliton-like solutions for this equation have also been discussed by Lu and Zhang [25]. Dai and
Wang applied a new mapping equation method to obtain solutions of (2+1)-dimensional BLP equation [26].

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Zainab Ayati, World Applied Programming, Vol (3), No (12), December 2013.

II.

THE MSE METHOD

The Consider a nonlinear partial equation, in two independent variables say x and t , in the following form
(4)
p (u , ut , u x , u xx , utt , ) 0,
where u u ( x, t ) is an unknown function p is a polynomial in u u ( x, t ) and its various partial derivatives, in
which the highest order derivatives and nonlinear terms are involved.
Step 1. Using the transformation

x wt ,

(5)

where w is constant, we can rewrite Eq. (5) as the following nonlinear ODE:

Q(u , u , u , u ,) 0.

(6)

Where the superscripts denote the derivatives with respect to .

Step 2. Suppose that the solution of Eq. (6) can be expressed as follows
i

F ( )
(7)
u( ) i
.
i 0
F ( )
Where i ' s are constants to be determined later with m 0 and F ( ) is an unknown function to be determined
later.
Step 3. The positive integer m can be determined by considering the homogeneous balance the highest order
derivatives and highest order nonlinear appearing in Eq. (6).
Step 4. Calculating all the necessary derivatives u , u , u , , and substituting Eq. (7) into Eq. (6) yields a polynomial

F ( )
i
and its derivatives. Equating the coefficient of same power of F ( ) to zero gives a system of equations
F ( )
which can be used to determine unknown constants, F ( ) and F ( ) . By substituting obtained results into Eq. (7),
of

solutions of the Eq. (4) can be obtained.

III.

APPLICATION MSE METHOD TO THE DLW EQUATION

To apply MSE method on Eq. (1), lets introduce a complex variable , defined as

x y wt.

(8)

So, Eq. (1) turns to the following system of ordinary different equation,

1
wu v (u 2 ) 0,
2
wv u (uv) u 0.

(9)

Where is constant to be determined. By taking twofold integral from the first equation, to derive a simple form of the
solution, lets take the integral constant zero, we obtain

1
v wu u 2 .
2

(10)

By integrating the second equation we derive

wv u uv u 0,

(11)

Substituting Eq. (10) into Eq. (11), leads to the following

(1 w2 )u

w
1
u u 3 u 0.
2
2

(12)

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Zainab Ayati, World Applied Programming, Vol (3), No (12), December 2013.

Suppose that the solution of Eq. (12) can be expressed by a polynomial as follows:
i

F ( )
u ( ) i
(13)
.
i 0
F ( )
3
Balancing the terms u and u in Eq. (12), yields to m 1 . So we can rewrite (13) as the following simple form
F
u ( ) 1 0 , 1 0,
(14)
F
Thus

F F 2
u ( ) 1

,
F F

3
F
F F
F
u ( ) 1
3 2 2 .
F
F
F

(15)

(16)
i

Substituting (14), (15), and (16) into Eq. (12) and equating each coefficient of F ( ) , i 0, 1, 2, 3 to zero,
we derive

1
(1 w2 )a 0 a 03 0,
2
3
w
(1 w2 a02 ) F F F 0,
2
2
w 3
( a0 a1 ) F 3F 0,
2 2
3
1 3

a1 2a1 F 0.
2

(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)

By solving Eqs. (17) and (20), the following results will be obtained

a0 0, 2(1 w2 ),
a1 2.
Case 1: when a0 0, Eqs. (18) and (19) turn to
w
(1 w2 ) F F F 0,
2
w
F 3F 0.
2

(21)
(22)

By substituting Eq. (22) into (21), we obtain

12 13w2
F F 0,
2w
So

F Ae

12 13 w2

2w

Where A is a arbitrary constant. Therefore, we have

12 13 w 2

2w

2 wA

F
e
2
12 13w

B.

(23)

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Zainab Ayati, World Applied Programming, Vol (3), No (12), December 2013.

By substituting (23) into eqs. (21) and (22), we get

B 0,
w

3
38
19

Thus, (23) can be rewritten as follows

F A 38e

38

38

(24)

Integrating (24) with respect , F ( ) will be obtained as follows

38

F ( ) 38 Ae 38 C ,
where C is a constant of integration. Now, the exact solution of Eq. (1) has the following form

2 A 38e

u1 ( x, y, t )

38 Ae

38
3
( x y
38t )
38
19

38
3
( x y
38t )
38
19

38

u 2 ( x, y , t )

2 A 38e 38
38 Ae

( x y

,
C

3
38t )
19

38
3
( x y
38t )
38
19

.
C

a0 2(1 w2 ), a1 2, Eqs. (18) and (19) yield to

w
2( w2 1) F F F 0,
2
w
( 3 2(1 w2 ) F 3F 0,
2

Case 2: when

(25)
(26)

By substituting Eq. (26) into (25), we obtain

12( w2 1)
w

F F 0,
w 6 2(1 w2 ) 2

So

F Ae ,
Where

12(w2 1)
w 6 2(1 w2 )

w
2

and A is a arbitrary constant. Therefore, we have

A
e B.

(27)

By substituting (27) into eqs. (25) and (26), we get

B 0,
w

3
38
19

Thus, (27) can be rewritten as follows

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Zainab Ayati, World Applied Programming, Vol (3), No (12), December 2013.

F A 38e

38

38

(28)

Integrating (28) with respect , F ( ) will be obtained as follows

38

F ( ) 38 Ae 38 C ,
where C is a constant of integration. Now, the exact solution of Eq. (1) has the following form
1
38C
u3 ( x, y , t )
.
38
3
19

( x y
38t )
19
38 Ae 38
C
For

a0 2(1 w2 ), a1 2, we get:
u 4 ( x, y , t )

1
19

38C
38 Ae

38
3
( x y
38t )
38
19

.
C

when a0 2(1 w ), a1 2, the exact solution of Eq. (1) has the form

u5 ( x, y, t )

1
19

38C
38
3
( x y
38t )
38
19

38 Ae

.
C

And for a0 2(1 w ), a1 2, the following exact solution will be obtained.

u6 ( x, y, t )

1
19

38C
38 Ae

38
3

( x y
38t )
38
19

.
C

All obtained solutions have been checked with maple 13 by putting into the original equation and found correct.

IV.

APPLICATION MSE METHOD TO THE BLP EQUATION

The By considering (8), Eq. (2) turns to the following system of ordinary differential equation,

wu (2uu u ) 2v,
wv v 2uv.
Where

k , w,
v

and

(29)

are constants to be determined. By integrating twice the first equation reads to

1
wu u 2 u .
2

(30)

Integrating (30) and considering the integral constant to be zero, we obtain

u 1

( wu u 2 )d .
2 2

(31)

Substituting Eq. (30) into the second equation of Eq. (29), we find that

u 2u 3 3wu 2 w2u 0.

(32)

Balancing the terms u and u in Eq. (12), yields to m 1 . So we can rewrite (13) as the following simple form

F
u ( ) 1 0 , 1 0,
F

(33)

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Zainab Ayati, World Applied Programming, Vol (3), No (12), December 2013.

Now by substituting (33), and (16) into Eq. (12) and equating each coefficient of F ( ) , i 0, 1, 2, 3 to
zero, the following result will be obtained.

2a 0 3 3wa02 a 0 w2 0,
2
0

(34)

F (6a 6 wa0 w ) F 0,
F (2a0 w)a1F 0,

2a 2 a F
1

3
1

(35)
(36)

0.

(37)

Solving Eqs. (34) and (37), we drive

a0 0, w,

w
,
2

a1 1.
Case 1: when a0 0, Eqs. (35) and (36) yield
F w2 F 0,
F wF 0,

(38)
(39)

By substituting Eq. (39) into (38), we obtain

F wF 0,
So

F Ae w .
Where A is a arbitrary constant. Therefore, we have
A
A
F e w , F 2 e w B,
w
w
where A and B are arbitrary constants.
Substituting the value of F and F into Eq. (33), the following exact solution of Eq. (2) has been obtained

(40)

Awe
.
w x y wt
Ae
w 2C
w x y wt

u1 ( x, y, t )

Case 2: when a0 w, Eqs. (35) and (36) turn to

F w2 F 0,
F wF 0.
By using the same method applied in case 1, the following solution will be obtained.

Awe
,
w x y wt
Ae
w2 B
w x y wt

u 2 ( x, y , t ) w
Case 3: In case a0

w
, Eqs. (35) and (36) yield a trivial solution. So, this case is discarded.
2

Note: All the results have been checked by using the software, maple 13, by placing into the original equation and found
correct.

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Zainab Ayati, World Applied Programming, Vol (3), No (12), December 2013.

V.

CONCLUSION

In this paper, modified simple equation method has been applied to obtain the generalized solutions of some nonlinear
partial differential equation. The results showed that modified simple equation method is a powerful tool to obtain the
exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations. It may be concluded that the method can be easily extended to all
kinds of nonlinear equations. The advantage of this method over other methods is that in most methods applied for the

G
exact solution of partial differential equations such as Exp-function method, G - expansion method, tanh-function
F ( ) is
method, and so on, the solution is presented in terms of some pre-defined functions, but in the MSE method,
not pre-defined or not a solution of any pre-defined equation. Therefore, some new solutions might be found by this
method. The computations associated in this work were performed by using Maple 13.

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