Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SPECIFIC CRITERIA
for CALIBRATION LABORATORIES
IN MECHANICAL DISCIPLINE :
UTM, Tension Creep and
Torsion Testing Machine
MASTER COPY
Reviewed by
Approved by
Quality Officer
Director, NABL
ISSUE No.
: 05
AMENDMENT No.
: 00
AMENDMENT DATE:
AMENDMENT SHEET
Sl
no
1
Page Clause
Date of
No.
No. Amendment
Amendment
made
Reasons
Signature Signature
QO
Director
10
Sl. No.
1
Contents
Page No.
General Requirements
1.1
Scope
1.2
1.3
3-4
1.4
4-6
1.5
1.6
Safety Precautions
1.7
1.8
Proficiency Testing
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
3
4
7
7-8
8
8-9
9
9
9-10
10
10-11
11
11-12
12
13
14-20
21-29
1 General Requirement
The purpose of this document is to specify requirements with which a laboratory has to operate and
demonstrate its competency to carry out calibration in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
To achieve uniformity between the laboratories, assessors and assessment process in terms of
maximum permissible error, CMC, measurement uncertainty etc in line with National/International
standards.
To achieve uniformity in selection of equipments, calibration methods, maintaining required
environmental conditions, personnel with relevant qualification and experience.
1.1 Scope
This specific criteria lays down the specific requirements in UTM, Tension Creep and Torsion Testing
Machine calibration under mechanical discipline. This part of the document thus amplifies the specific
requirements for calibration of UTM, Creep and Torsion Testing Machine and supplements the
requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
1.2 Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC)
1.2.1
CMC is one the parameters that is used by NABL to define the scope of an accredited
calibration laboratory, the others being parameter/quantity measured, standard/master used,
calibration method used and measurement range. The CMC is expressed as the smallest
uncertainty that a laboratory can achieve when calibrating the best existing device. It is an
expanded uncertainty estimated at a confidence level of approximately 95% corresponding to a
coverage factor k=2.
1.2.2
For evaluation of CMC laboratories should be based on NABL 143 - Policy on Calibration and
Measurement Capability (CMC) and Uncertainty in Calibration.
Authorised Signatory
1.3.3.1 Qualification required for interpretation of results and signing the calibration
certificates:
The following are only guidelines. However, qualification and experience will not be
the only criteria for the required activity. They have to prove their skill, knowledge
and competency in analysis and interpretation of calibration results.
a) B.E / B.Tech or M.Sc. (with having Physics as one of the subject) degree with 6
months experience in Force Metrology.
b) B.Sc. (with Physics as one of the subject) or Diploma with 1 year experience in
Basics of Force Metrology and Calibration of UTM, Tension Creep and Torsion
Testing Machine.
1.3.3.2
b) Service that intended primarily for calibration and adjustment of test, measurement and diagnostic
equipments to use in such areas as product testing, manufacturing and servicing.
Accommodation and environmental conditions adversely affect the results of calibration and
measurement accuracy unless they are controlled and monitored. Hence, they play a very important role.
The influencing parameters may be one or more of the following i. e. temperature, relative humidity,
atmospheric pressure, vibration, acoustic noise, dust particle, air currents/draft, illumination(wherever
applicable), voltage fluctuations, electrical earthing and direct sunlight etc., depending on the nature of
calibration services provided. The variables described above can play a major factor on calibration
results.
The main difference between the permanent laboratory, onsite and mobile calibration services has to do
with environmental conditions only. Since the onsite calibration relies on where the service is provided,
it affects the results of calibration (Refer NABL 130).
The laboratories are advised to follow the requirement of accommodation and environment depending
on the types of services provided as recommended.
By the manufacturers of the reference equipment.
By the manufacturers of the Unit under calibration.
As specified in the National/ International Standards or guidelines followed for the calibration.
The environmental monitoring equipments used should also meet the requirement of manufacturers
recommendations and specifications as per the relevant standards followed.
If, accommodation and environmental conditions are not specified either by manufacturer or by
National/International standards / guidelines, the laboratory shall follow the below recommendations.
1.4.1
Vibration
The calibration area shall be free from vibrations generated by central air-conditioning plants,
vehicular traffic and other sources to ensure consistent and uniform operational conditions. The
laboratory shall take all special/ protective precautions like mounting of sensitive apparatus on
vibration free tables and pillars etc., isolated from the floor, if necessary.
1.4.2
Acoustic Noise
Acoustic noise level in the laboratory shall be maintained to facilitate proper performance of
calibration work. Noise level shall be maintained less than 60 dBA, wherever it affects
adversely the required accuracy of measurement.
1.4.3
Illumination
The calibration area shall have adequate level of illumination. Where permissible, fluorescent
lighting is preferred to avoid localized heating and temperature drift. The recommended level
of illumination is 250-500 lux on the working table.
1.4.4
The calibration laboratory shall make arrangements for regulated and uninterrupted power
supply of proper rating. The recommended voltage regulation level is 2% or better, and
Frequency variation 2.5 Hz or better on the calibration bench.
1.5.2
The reference standards shall be maintained at temperatures specified for their maintenance on
order to ensure their conformance to the required level of operation.
1.5.3
The laboratory shall take adequate measures against dust and external air pressure.
Relevant fire extinguishing equipment for possible fire hazards, shall be available in the
corridors or convenient places in the laboratory. Adequate safety measures against electrical,
chemical fire hazards must be available at the work place. Laboratory rooms/ areas where
highly inflammable.
Entry to the Calibration Area: As far as possible, only the staff engaged in the calibration
activity should be permitted entry inside the calibration area.
1.7.2
Space in Calibration Area: The calibration Laboratory shall ensure adequate space for
calibration activity without adversely affecting the results.
Sl.
No.
1
Description
Relevant Standard
Permanent Facility
Onsite
Calibration
Universal Testing
Machines / Tensile
Testing Machines /
Compression Testing
Machines
IS1828 (Part 1): 2005 (ISO 7500-1:2004) -Metallic Materials-Verification of static uniaxial
testing machines, Part 1: Tension/Compression Testing Machines-Verification and Calibration of
the Force Measuring System.
ISO: 376: 2011 E - Metallic materials-Calibration of Force -Proving Instruments used for the
Verification of Uni-axial Testing Machines.
The standard IS:1828 (Part 1): 2005 (ISO 7500-1:2004) is for both verification and calibration of
force measuring system of the Uni axial Testing machine. This specific criteria is meant for only
calibration of force measuring system. If the verification is also to be included, then lab has to follow
the standard completely along with Annexure -A, B and C of the standard and verification and
calibration report can be issued for the machine.
2.3.2
Force Proving instruments used for calibration of uniaxial testing machines as per IS1828 (Part 1):
2005 (ISO 7500-1:2004) shall have traceability and calibration certificate as per ISO 376:2011 E (Or
any other standard).
2.3.3
Proving instrument calibrated in compression mode shall not be used for calibration of the machine
in Tension mode and vice versa.
2.3.4
The force proving instrument shall be calibrated along with load fittings liked loading pads for
compression and ball nut, ball cup and tensile force measuring rod as per A.4 of ISO 376: 2011E.
The proving instruments used for the calibration shall have a certificate from either NMI or
accredited laboratory with traceability to the SI units and shall comply with the requirements
specified in ISO 376:2011.
2.5.2
The class of the instrument shall be equal to or better than the class for which the testing
machine force indicator is to be calibrated. Initially, the class of the machine may be taken as
per the relative resolution of the force indicator (Preferably).
2.5.3
Proving instrument used in compression mode shall have the certificate of calibration in
compression mode. Similarly used in tension mode should have certificate of calibration in
tension mode.
2.5.4
The force proving instrument shall be calibrated along with load fittings like loading pads for
compression and ball nut, ball cup and tensile force measuring rod as per the required
application (or as per manufacturers recommendations).
2.5.5
Proving instrument (proving ring with dial) calibrated in specific forces only should be used for
calibrating in the same specific force points and not in between force points. If it has to be used
for in between force points, it has to have certificate of calibration with interpolation equation
and the calibration certificate for the dial also.
2.5.6
All the elements of force proving instrument shall be individually and uniquely identified.
2.5.7
Required characteristics of Force Proving Instruments: Table 1(as per ISO 376:2011)
Class of the
Relative Error of Force Proving Instrument, %
Uncertainty of
Force
applied
Zero
Creep
Proving Reproducibility Repeatability Interpolation (f 0 Reversibility (c) calibration force,
(b)
(b)
(fc)
()*
Instrument
k=2 (%)
)
00
0.05
0.025
0.025
0.012
0.07
0.02
0.01
5
0.5
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.025
0.15
0.05
0.02
1
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.30
0.1
0.05
2
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.50
0.2
0.10
* The relative reversibility error is only determined when required
Note 1: As per IS: 1828 (Part-1) Clause 6.1 Force Proving Instrument used for calibration shall
comply with ISO376:2011 only.
2.5.8
2.5.9
Maximum expanded uncertainty of the Force Proving instrument shall be as per Table -2
below:
Class of
accuracy of
UTM
0.5
1
2
3
0.5
1
2
2
With interpolation
without
With
reversibility
reversibility
0.162
0.237
0.325
0.475
0.651
0.870
0.651
0.870
Interval
26 months
Dead weights
3 years
The calibration shall be carried out between 10C and 35C. The temperature at which
calibration is carried out shall be noted in the calibration certificate.
2.8.2
The temperature measuring equipment with a resolution 1C shall be used for monitoring
temperature during calibration.
2.8.3
Calibration can be carried out with constant indicated force of the machine for all the three
series of measurement. When this method is not feasible, the calibration may be carried out with
constant true forces. When more than one force proving instrument is required to calibrate a
force range, maximum force applied to the smaller device shall be the same as the minimum
force applied to the next force proving instrument of the higher capacity. Refer clause 6.5.3 of
IS 1828 (part 1):2005 for agreement between two force proving instruments.
2.10.5 The lower limit of discrete force to be considered before calibrating the UTM (Refer table
below)
Class
Minimum force applied shall be
0.5
400 x r
1
200 x r
2
100 x r
3
67 x r
Where r is the resolution of Indicator
2.10.6 Characteristic value of Force Measuring System of the Testing Machines as per IS 1828 (part
1): 2005 for 20% to 100% of the measuring range.
Class of the Testing
Machine
Relative
Resolution (a)
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.12.2 CMC value is not the same as expanded uncertainty reported in the calibration
Certificate/Report. CMC values exclude the uncertainties which are attributed to the UUT (Unit
under Test/Calibration).
2.12.3 For the purpose of CMC evaluation the following components should be considered:
Uncertainty due to applied calibration force from calibration certificate of force proving
instrument.
Uncertainty due to repeatability of calibration results (from 3 series of 10 measurement both
minimum and maximum).
Uncertainty due to resolution of testing machine (only if calibration is carried out with
constant true force).
2.12.4 Uncertainty due to thermometer used for temperature measurement.
2.13 Sample Scope
An illustrative example: Correct Presentation of Scope
Laboratory: XYZ
Date(s) of Visit:
Discipline: Mechanical
Sl
Parameter* /
Device under
calibration
Force
measuring
system of
UTM
Master
equipment
used
Proving
Rings / Load
Cells with
display
(Class-II
accuracy)
For UTM of
accuracy
Class II and
coarser as
per IS 1828
(Part 1):
2005
Compression
Tension
50N to
3000kN
0.49 %
0.45 %
0.49 %
3N to 50kN
0.69 %
0.65 %
0.69 %
* Only for Electro-technical discipline; scope shall be recommended parameter wise (where applicable) and
the ranges may be mentioned frequency wise.
** NABL 143 shall be referred for the recommendation of CMC
+
Remarks shall also include whether the same scope is applicable for site calibration as well. NABL 130 shall
be referred while recommending the scope for site calibration.
0.5
1
2
3
Note1:
Uncertainty (%)
of
Force proving Instrument
k=2
Class of
accuracy
Specific
Force
0.5
1
2
2
0.127
0.257
0.513
0.513
Laboratory shall comply with the applied uncertainty of force proving instrument required for
different class as per the table above.
Note 2: The cut off CMC value for class 3 or better, the lab shall comply with the uncertainty. For
specific forces: 1.81% with k=2, with interpolation without reversibility 1.85%, with
interpolation with reversibility 1.94%. Beyond this accreditation cannot be granted.
Note 3: Lab shall comply with any CMC values doesn't automatically qualify for accreditation until
the lab satisfies the stipulated requirement given above.
Contents
Page No
3.1
Scope
15
3.2
15
3.3
Metrological Requirements
15
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Environmental Conditions
3.8
Calibration Procedures
3.9
Measurement Uncertainty
3.10
Evaluation of CMC
3.11
Sample Scope
19
3.12
Key Points
20
15-16
16
17
17
17-18
18
18-19
Parameter-Force
Relevant Standard
Permanent
Facility
Onsite
Calibration
*Note 1: Tension creep testing machine can also be calibrated as per relevant ASTM standard using
Force proving instruments duly calibrated as per ASTM E 74.
Note-2:
This technical requirement is based on the standard IS 1828 (Part-2). However, lab may
follow any other relevant standard/guideline in totality.
Force Proving instruments used for verification of applied load in Tension Creep Testing
Machines as per: 1828 (Part 2): 2002 (ISO 7500-2:1996) shall have traceability and calibration
certificate as per ISO 376:2011 E.
3.3.2
3.3.3
The force proving instrument shall be calibrated along with load fittings like ball nut, ball cup
and tensile force measuring rod as per the required application.
Creep
The time dependent deformation under constant load at high temperature is called creep and the
resulting strain is a function of applied stress, temperature and time.
Creep Test
The main objective in a creep test is to measure how a given metal or an alloy will perform under
constant load at elevated temperatures. In a creep test, a tensile specimen (with similar specimen as a
tensile test specimen) is subjected to a constant load inside a furnace where the temperature is
maintained constant.
A device or system consisting of an elastic member combined with a device for indicating the
magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the magnitude) of deformation of the member under an
applied force.
3.5 Selection of Reference Standard for Tension Creep Testing Machine Calibration
3.5.1
The proving instruments used for the calibration shall have a certificate from either NMI or
accredited laboratory with traceability to the SI units and shall comply with the requirements
specified in ISO 376:2011.
3.5.2
The class of the instrument shall be equal to or better than the class for which the testing
machine is to be calibrated. Initially, the class of the machine may be taken as per the relative
resolution of the force indicator of machine.
3.5.3
3.5.4
The force proving instrument shall be calibrated along with load fittings like ball nut, ball cup
and tensile force measuring rod as per the required application.
3.5.5
Proving instrument (proving ring with dial) calibrated in specific forces only should be used for
calibrating in the same specific force points and not in between force points. If it has to be used
for in between force points, it has to have certificate of calibration with interpolation equation
and the calibration certificate for the dial also.
3.5.6
All the elements of force proving instrument shall be individually and uniquely identified, like
for proving rings, the ring, dial gauge / micrometer, vibrating reed or fulcrum, tension shackles
etc and in case of load cells the indicator, connecting cables etc.
3.5.7
Required characteristics of Force Proving Instruments :Table 1(as per ISO 376:2011)
Class of the
Uncertainty
Relative Error of Force Proving Instrument, %
Force
Creep of applied
Proving
Reproducibility Repeatability Interpolation Zero Reversibility
(c) calibration
Instrument
force,
(b)
(b)
(fc)
(f 0 )
()*
k=2 (%)
00
0.05
0.025
0.025
0.012
0.07
0.025
0.01
0.5
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.025
0.15
0.05
0.02
1
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.30
0.1
0.05
2
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.50
0.2
0.10
* The relative reversibility error is only determined when required
Note 1: As per IS1282 (Part-2) Clause 5.1 Force Proving Instrument used for Calibration
should comply with ISO376:2011.
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
Doc. No: NABL 122-07
Specific Criteria for Calibration Laboratories in Mechanical Discipline UTM, Tension Creep and Torsion Testing
Machine
Issue No: 05
Issue Date: 12.08.2014
Amend No: 00
Amend Date: Page No: 16 of 29
Interval
26 months
Follow procedure as per IS 1828 (part 2): 2002 for Tension Creep Testing Machine.
3.8.2
Select suitable accuracy class force proving instruments one or more depending on the class of
accuracy of the testing machine.
Class of accuracy of Tension Creep
Testing Machine
0.5
1
2
3.8.3
Sufficient period of time shall be provided to allow the force proving instrument to reach a
stable period of temperature. The temperature of the force proving instrument shall remain
stable to within 2C during each calibration run. If necessary, temperature correction shall be
applied to the reading as mentioned below:
a. If a proving instrument is used at a temperature other than the calibration temperature (as per
its certificate), the deflection of the instrument shall be, if necessary, corrected for nay
temperature variation in accordance with the formula.
D t = D e [1+ K( t - t e )]
Where,
D t =deflection at the temperature t,
D e = deflection at the calibration temperature (as per the certificate),
K= temperature coefficient of the instrument per C &
t e =temperature (as per the certificate)
Table B.2 of ISO 376:2011 gives the deflection corrections for the instruments (proving
rings). These corrections are obtained with K= 0.00027 per C.
b. Most force transducers with electrical outputs are thermally compensated in the range of
application, in these cases, temperature correction might not be necessary.
3.8.4
Determination of the discrimination threshold at 20%, 60% and 100% of the max. load of the
force measuring range.
The discrimination thresholdd of the machine is defined as the smallest increment of the
force that can be applied and detected during the verification procedure.
The relative discrimination threshold a = d/F *100 and shall remain within the limits given
in the table below for the class of machine considered.
3.8.5
Three series of at least 5 approximately equi-spaced loads starting at 20% of range as the lowest
force range or the lower limit of verification whichever is greater shall be applied.
3.8.6
3.8.7
3.10.2 CMC value is not the same as expanded uncertainty reported in the Calibration
Certificate/Report. CMC values exclude the uncertainties which are attributed to the UUT (Unit
under test/calibration).
3.10.3 For the purpose of CMC evaluation the following components should be considered:
Uncertainty due to applied calibration force from calibration certificate of force proving
instrument.
Uncertainty due to repeatability of calibration results (from 3 series of 10 measurements both
minimum and maximum).
Uncertainty due to resolution of testing machine.
Uncertainty due to thermometer used for temperature measurement.
3.11 Sample Scope
An illustrative example: Correct Presentation of Scope
Laboratory: XYZ
Date(s) of Visit:
Discipline: Mechanical
Sl
Parameter* /
Device under
calibration
Master
equipment
used
Force
measuring
system
of
Creep Testing
Proving
Rings / Load
Cells with
display
(Class-I
accuracy)
Tension
1 kN to 10
kN
0.25 %
0.28 %
0.28 %
For Tension
Creep testing
machine of
accuracy
Class I and
coarser as
per IS 1828
(Part 2):
2005
* Only for Electro-technical discipline; scope shall be recommended parameter wise (where applicable) and
the ranges may be mentioned frequency wise.
** NABL 143 shall be referred for the recommendation of CMC
+
Remarks shall also include whether the same scope is applicable for site calibration as well. NABL 130 shall
be referred while recommending the scope for site calibration.
Class of
accuracy of
TCTM
Required Class of
accuracy of force
proving instrument
ISO 376:2011
Class of accuracy
0.5
1
2
0.5
1
2
Uncertainty (%)
of
Force proving Instrument
k=2
Specific
Force
0.127
0.257
0.513
With
interpolation
0.162
0.325
0.651
0.374
0.748
1.446
Note 1: Laboratory shall comply to the applied uncertainty of force proving instrument required for
different class as per the table above.
Note 2: The cut off CMC value for class 2 or better, the lab shall comply the uncertainty. For specific
forces: 1.345% with k=2 and with interpolation 1.446 % .Beyond this accreditation cannot
be granted
Note 3: Lab shall comply to any CMC values doesn't automatically qualify for granting accreditation
until the lab satisfies the stipulated requirement given above.
Contents
Page No
4.1
Scope
22
4.2
22
4.3
Metrological Requirements
22
4.4
23
4.5
4.6
Calibration Interval
24
4.7
Legal Aspects
24
4.8
Environmental Conditions
25
4.9
Calibration Procedures
25
4.10
Measurement Uncertainty
4.11
Evaluation of CMC
28
4.12
Sample Scope
29
4.13
Key Points
29
23-24
25-28
Parameter-Force
Relevant Standard
Permanent facility
ASTM E 2624-09
Onsite
calibration
*
This technical requirement is based on ASTM E 2624-09. However, lab may follow any
other relevant standard/guideline.
For Each weight, the expanded uncertainty, U, for k=2, of the true mass.
4.3.2
4.3.3
Preferably all weights shall be equivalent or better than F2 standard as per OIML R-111.
4.3.4
'g' value shall be known with sufficient accuracy either by Geological Survey of India or any
other relevant source for finer CMC.
4.3.5
Laboratory may also calculate 'g' value knowing latitude and height as per the formula.
However, same shall be validated (refer 6.3.8.4).
4.3.6
Since mass has to be calibrated in true mass basis, the air buoyancy correction shall be applied.
4.3.7
Knowing the true mass and 'g' value, Newtonian value will be determined after applying
buoyancy correction.
d. Any other methods require a specific uncertainty of measurement and a traceability derived
from national standards of mass and length.
4.5.2
Most of the torque testing machines are of 1 % of the reading accuracy. The accuracy class of
the applied torque should be at least 1/3 i.e. 0.3 % including its uncertainty. So normally the
uncertainty of applied torque should be 0.1 % which is 1/3 of the 0.3% accuracy.
4.5.3
Torque calibration machines calibration can be done either at permanent facility or onsite as
follows:
a) Permanent facility:
Using calibrated weights and calibrated lever arm. The local g value, air density and
density of weights should be known to sufficient accuracy.
b) Onsite Calibration:
Using torque transducer or load cell with calibrated lever arm.
4.5.4
Calibration by the application of standard weights using lever arm to the torque sensing
mechanism of the testing machine, where practicable is the most accurate method. Its
limitations are 1) small range of torque that can be calibrated 2) non portability of any high
capacity standard weights 3) the analysis of all parasitic torque components.
4.5.5
Expanded measurement uncertainty with k=2 for weights should not exceed 0.1%.
4.5.6
Lever arm or wheel shall be calibrated to determine length or radius within a known uncertainty
i.e. traceable to National Standards. The expanded uncertainty with k=2 shall not exceed 0.1%.
4.5.7
The second method of calibration of torque testing machines, involves the measurement of
elastic strain or rotation under the torque of a torque transducer or a force transducer with lever
arm combination. Elastic calibration devices are less constrained than the system mentioned at
6.3.5.4.
4.5.8
The design of fixtures and interfaces between the calibration device and the machine are critical.
When using elastic torque or force measuring devices use class A or better of Torque transducer
as per ASTM E 2428 or class 0.2 of BS7882: 2008 and Force sensor (Load cell) Class A of
ASTM E74 or Class 0.5 of ISO 376.
Interval
3 years
2 years
1 year
26 months
The temperature shall be maintained in the range of 18C to 28C. The temperature shall not
vary more than 1C throughout a measurement series.
4.8.2
4.8.3
For measurement uncertainty of applied force, g value shall be known. For realization of
applied force more than 0.01%, g value shall be calculated using the formula given in below
For better than 0.01%, g value shall be measured by appropriate authority.
4.8.4
Follow procedure as per ASTM E 2624-09 for calibration of torque testing machine.
4.9.2
Torque =
T=
F x D x cos
F=
Where,
T=
F=
D=
=
mt =
g=
a =
m =
m t x g L x [1- a / m ]
Torque in Newton- meter
Force in N
Nominal Length of the Lever Arm in metre
Angle
True Mass used for generating the force
Local acceleration due to gravity in m/sec2
Density of Air in kg/m3
Density of Mass in kg/m3
l 0 *(1+ T * T )
l0 =
T =
T =
(u T / T ) 2 + (u/ )2
= (u(F)/ F)2
Where,
uT is uncertainty of Torque,
uF is uncertainty of Force,
ul is the uncertainty of length of the beam
u() is uncertainty of cosine error
Uncertainty due to bending if any should also be taken into account along with
above.
4.10.2 Effect of Weight, Gravity, Buoyancy and Temperature on Generated Force
4.10.2.a Weight Consideration
Weights should be calibrated in terms of Newton. If the weight is in terms of kg and
converted in terms of force using the formula [F= m*g]
For example: for m = 1 kg the generated force =1*9.80665= 9.80665 N
For Force of 10N, we require denomination of weights 1kg, 10g, 5g, 2g, 2g, 500mg,
200mg, 10mg & 1mg to get 1.019716 kg.
The shape of the weights used in the calibration machine should be such that, it
doesnt affect verticality of the measuring axis and concentric to the applied force.
Otherwise, the magnitude of error of applied force will be more and hence the
uncertainty since, force is a vector quantity.
4.10.2.b Gravitational Effects Consideration
It is very important to establish the gravitational value of the laboratory since it is one
of the major quantity during realization of force. The effect of not doing this could be
a variation in force produced by the weight perhaps 0.5% of the force. It is therefore
recommended that, the Force calibration laboratory establishes local value of gravity
(g) and use weights that have been calibrated at that gravitational constant.
4.10.2.c Buoyancy Effect Consideration
The weights are used to generate a downward force in air during force calibration (not
in Vacuum). This means that, Archimedess principle applies i.e. air pressure under
the weights causes an upward force. This reduces the effective force generated by the
weights and therefore the mass must be increased to allow for this. If the weights are
calibrated on conventional mass basis under standard conditions of air density of 1.2
kg/m3 at 20C and density of weight 8000 kg/m3. The increase is required by a factor
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
Doc. No: NABL 122-07
Specific Criteria for Calibration Laboratories in Mechanical Discipline UTM, Tension Creep and Torsion Testing
Machine
Issue No: 05
Issue Date: 12.08.2014
Amend No: 00
Amend Date: Page No: 27 of 29
of 0.012% - 0.015%. Because, realization of force is a product of true mass local g and
local air density.
4.10.2.d Effect of Change in Temperature on Calibration Results
The weights and the hanger used are of steel material. The variation of temperature
changes the volume of the material due thermal expansion and affects the value of
mass as it is a function of density and volume.
The variation of temperature affects the air density, which is used in buoyancy
correction. Hence, change in temperature affects in realization of force values.
Apart from the above, it affects change in length also in a lever multiplication
system and there by uncertainty due to thermal expansion depending on the
material used.
4.10.3 Uncertainty Components for Lever Arm and Force Transducer
Uncertainty of reference force transducer with indicator including error.
Uncertainty of lever arm length or radius including error.
Uncertainty due to coefficient of thermal expansion.
Uncertainty due to cosine error.
Type A uncertainty.
4.10.4 Uncertainty Components Torque Transducer
Uncertainty of reference Torque transducer with indicator including error.
Type A uncertainty.
4.11 Evaluation of CMC
4.11.1 Refer NABL 143 for CMC evaluation.
4.11.2 CMC value is not the same as expanded uncertainty reported in the calibration
Certificate/Report. CMC values exclude the uncertainties which are attributed to the UUT (Unit
under test/calibration).
4.11.3 For the purpose of CMC evaluation the uncertainty calculated along with Type A (10 readings
with minimum and maximum) uncertainty is considered.
Date(s) of Visit:
Discipline: Mechanical
Sl
Parameter* /
Device under
calibration
Torque
measuring
system
Torque
Testing
Machine
of
Master
equipment
used
Torque
Sensor with
display
(Class
0.2
accuracy)
Torque
For Torque
testing
machine as
per ASTM E
2624-09
10 Nm to
100 Nm
0.25 %
0.28 %
0.28 %
* Only for Electro-technical discipline; scope shall be recommended parameter wise (where applicable) and
the ranges may be mentioned frequency wise.
** NABL 143 shall be referred for the recommendation of CMC
+
Remarks shall also include whether the same scope is applicable for site calibration as well. NABL 130 shall
be referred while recommending the scope for site calibration.
The design of fixtures and interfaces between the calibration device and the machine are critical.
When using elastic torque or force measuring devices use class A or better of Torque transducer
as per ASTM E 2428 or class 0.2 of BS7882: 2008 and Force sensor (Load cell) Class A of
ASTM E74 or Class 0.5 of ISO 376 :2011(E).
Demonstration of any CMC values doesn't automatically qualify for granting accreditation until
the lab satisfies the stipulated requirement given in this document.