Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ExERcISE
ffi
ffi
83
Web design.
Write your thesis statement.
ExERCISE
ffi
Exchange introductions
1.
following questions:
a. Does the introduction begin with a general statement about the
essay topic?
b.
2.
3.
84
Chapter
3.
4.
5.
6.
The background paragraphs that follow were written by two students for
this chapter's essay assignment. Read the paragraphs, but cover the notes in
the left margin with a ruler or piece of paper. Then, with a classmate
answer the questions that follow.
Topic sentence
is
introducedbythe-n..-o.'@ccessibilitymeansthat,,anyone
The quotarion
phrase "according
to," followed by the
author's name.
No page number
is
quotation. Author
and date are given.
Chapter Essay
Assignment
85
will connect
Double-spaced,
end-of-text
reference
includes
author, date,
I
-]
title,
1,
Web Design
information from an
lnternet article
is
followed by an
citation.
,,
for
necessary
not
summaries.
in-text
page number
/
in
the original article,
the title is given for
the quotation.
Because the author
is not identified
Same author
;,
the
the
in-text citation.
"Web design" and "Web browser" are words we use all the
time nowadays, but they would not exist without Tim BernersLee. The basic Web design was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, Marc
Andreessen, and Jamie Zawinski. Berners-Lee wrote the first Web
ram to introduce data to other researchers
desi
throughout CERF(European Organization for Nuclear Research).
The name of his first program was called World Wide Web or
134
Chapter
Paraphrase
The paraphrase is
presented in the
same order as in the
original.
Each idea is given
the same
importance given by
unimportant words
are different.
own sentences.
The paraphrase is
three paragraphs
like the original.
external stimuli very efficiently. For example, our eyes can see the
light of a candle at a distance of thirty miles on a clear, moonless
night. Our noses can smell one drop of perfume spilled inside a
small house (Nevid,2003). [149 words]
4. Look
86
Chapter
References
End-of-text
Who invented the World Wide Web? (2003, June 30). Boutell
Internotional. Retrieved October 15, 2005 from Boutell.Com,
references are
double spaced.
web.html
reference begins
at the margin.
2009-
4.
5.
6.
The student who wrote the second paragraph used many technical
terms related to Web design. Can you guess what his major is?
Read the notes in the right margin about citing sources. What rules
about citing sources are discussed? List these rules on separate
paper. Put the paper in your writing folder.
Which paragraph do you find more interesting? \Mhy?
1. For information you copy from the source, use quotation marks,
and follow the quotation with the information source in
parentheses. As you learned earlier, this method of citing
sources is called quoting.
Examples:
(Last,2000, page)
2.
(Monte,2005, p. 15)
do not use quotation marks, but you still need to cite the source
of your information at the end of the summary.
Examples:
(1ast,2000)
(Monte,2005)
Student
samples
lnformation
Source of
about soulce
information
,:
t.
DictionorY
to be connected to
other
No author:
:
use ,
dictionary
title.
number.
n.nSl. [quotation]
2.
No page
and
the
number
available
r
r'
website
site"
(Letourneau,2003).[quotation].
....:
3.
between l
browser"
1)
When
available
page number
it
'
website
date.
lquotationl
4.
No page number
is necessary
summaries. Give
CERN (European
0rganization for
for
last name of
website
88
Chapter
,
l
Student samples
s.
of
lnformation
Source
about source
information
No author: use
title
ExERCtSE
ffi
Reyiew the in-text citations in the student samples above. Then, answer
these questions on separate paper:
samples I and 3?
7. How does citing outside sources
89
ffi
1. Review your
2.
3.
essay
-**t-tit
rs!ffi
ffi
*w!*wfr r=g
pa r*gre p*r
1.
2.
3.
essay
4.
Return the materials to your classmate, and thank her or him for
the feedback.
5.
Discuss your comments with your classmate, and ask any questions
u'*titiI fffi
In Exercise
20,
90
Chapter
a. The Adidas
b.
interesting links.
c.
1.
in
you most.
suppsrting nrateri*lc
Look carefully at the questions and supporting materials that follow each of
the topic sentences in your essay map.
1. Are the questions you asked about each topic sentence still directly
related to the thesis statement?
2. What supporting details are you using? Do they truly answer your
questions?
Chapter Essay
Assignment
91
a source?
as
you answer
these questions:
3.
4.
92
Chailter
EXERCISE
ffi
ffi
E+#ritir*g y#acs.b*dy
p*regr*p*ts
Reyiew the writing assignment, your revised essay map, your introduction,
and your background paragraph. Then, compose your body paragraphs. Use
this checklist.
Each body paragraph has a clear topic sentence.
The supporting details clarify and explain each main point in the
body paragraphs.
The in-text citations in each body paragraph support the
paragraph's main points.
information.
Each body paragraph ends
with
a concluding sentence.
writing folder.
93
The Conclusion
The final paragraph in an expository essay is the conclusion, which
usually begins with a concluding phrase (see the chart and Chinh's
example below).The conventions of a concluding paragraph in an
2.
3.
4.
5.
conclusions
,,-,
+
+
In concluSiofl,
To conclude,
As
+. ln summary,
As a result,
To show
":
consequen(e or
,:u Consequently,
result
As a consequence,
To make a
lf...,then...
prediction
will be . . . in
the future.
It is posible that in the next year, ..
As a consequence
of. ..,
94
Chapter
offer solutions
&
@
lt
is
solving . ..
To provide a
recommendation
I recommend that
...
must
be made.
# Actually,
To evaluate
*
Anniyzing tws ecr:elusiens
With a classmate, read the two conclusions below. Then, answer the
questions that follow.
Conclusion
95
Conclusion 2
ln summary, the Skiershop website is superior to Al's Ski
Equipment Barn website because of its user friendliness and
excellent links. skiershop's attractive layout and color choice also
make this website stand out more compared to Equipment Barn's
website.l recommend that Equipment Barn improve its website
byaddingmorelinksandupdatingthemregularly.Toattract
more users, this company should also simplify the website's
layout and change its color scheme. Purple just does not seem
to work with ski equipment! I am sure that these changes would
attract more shoPPers.
References
Al,s ski equipment barn website' (2004). Retrieved october 2,2004
log/i ndex'ph p
1. What transitions are used in the two conclusions? Circle them. Use
the transition chart in Power Grammar for help'
2. what concluding techniques does each writer :UfJe? (Hint: Look at
3.
the words and phrases you circled.) List the concluding techniques
in the margin, next to where each occurs'
Write a possible thesis statement for her essay. Base the statement
on the ideas summ arizedin the first conclusion. Do the same for
the other conclusion.
E*t'l*i$tjttffi
ar a
nd s*n
el **si sEE
with
lntroduction
Nowadays everyone is using webpages for one reason or
another.webpages are a great way for companies to advertise
their products and for people to shop and buy products without
spending hours in stores. Some people do not know much about
thedifferentwayswebpagescanbedesigned'However'theydo
know when a certain page is frustrating to use or access'
96
Chapter
lnetDzine, a Dot Com firm that specializes in website design for the
AEC (Architecture, Engineering & Construction) industry, stresses
Conclusion
Shopping online is a great way to find different products
in different stores just by sitting at home on a comfortable chair
and 'tlicking away" on the computer. When consumers know
what qualities make a webpage effective, then they will know
which webpages to explore and which ones to pass when
shopping online. lf a website is user friendly, easy to access, and
informative, then it is a site worth exploring.The Head &
Shoulder website is an example of this type of website. People
can save time and avoid frustration by going to this effective
website because the designers worked hard to make this website
as accessible as possible to their customers.
ExERCISE
ffi
97
2. Write a sentence
3.
controlling ideas.
4. Add a prediction, a solution, a recommendation, or an evaluation.
5. Set your essay aside for a few hours or even a whole day if possible.
author
For every source you cite in your essay, you must write a complete
reference. Your in-text citations refer your readers to the References
Date of publication
Your research for this essay was from the lnternet. Here is the
basic form for a complete end-of-text reference from the Web:
(if available)
No capitalization
Wing
the information
from the lnternet.
URL (no period at
the end)
lf the URL is too long
com.com/20
O9-1
082_3-233 72 1 .htm
98
Chapter
end-of-text references for online sources that show you how to solve
problems related to gathering data for your citations:
Two authors.
*
NoT italicized
Titles of articles
References
\-'
first word.
Write (n.d.) if no
lweb_eva uation_criteria.htm
date is
given.
http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/
author is given.
Title of website
Who invented the World Wide Web? (2003, June 3O). Boutell
I nternational. Retrieved October 1 0, 2004 from http://www.
boutel l.com/newfaq/basic/inventedweb.htm I
is
italicized.
ilF.#F.-.-"+.:f-+$i$F:.,ffi
Analyzinge$d-cf -textcitntisns
1. Circle
2. What
capital letter.
4.
Writin g
y**r *nd-*f-text
eitati*:'rs
Write a References page for your essay. List all the sources you used in your
essay. Follow the guidelines you have been given in this chapter.
99
W ii,*.ffi
Revisins
Reread your essay and consider the peer response suggestions from
your classmates.
ideas clearer
to the reader.
Self-editing
Read
your
1.
3.
4.
Read each sentence carefully to make sure it has a clear subject and
a
2.
essay again,
verb.
Make sure you use formal language. If you are not sure you are
using a word correctly,look it up in a dictionary to make sure it
matches what you want to saY.
Check for subject-verb agreement. Remember that plural verbs do
not take the -s (example: "People think. . .""Some students feel").
After you have completed your final draft, place it in a folder with
your previous drafts, your classmates'feedback, and all the other
materials you developed for Chapter 2 EssayAssignment. Give the
folder to your instructor.
100
Chapter
\Mhen
2.
3.
essay? List
your strengths
.-.ix*'fi't'ri
ffi
wrEEng
If your instructor assigns another (final) draft, follow your instructor's feedback
to make final changes to your essay. Print your final draft, and place it in your
writing folder with the other essay materials. Give it to your instructor.
.,:gX
*f..*b.E
ffiewlew*stg FcaFter
*b!**t!ves
Review the objectives at the beginning of this chapter, and complete the
checklist there. Wich objectives do you still need to work on? Discuss with
a friend or classmate how you will improve in these areas.
1. Write an essay map for her essay. Base your map on the ideas you
listed in Exercise 38.
2. Borrow keywords from the thesis statement and the conclusion to
write the topic sentences. Leave space (four or five lines) under each
topic sentence.
3. Circle the controlling ideas in the topic sentence, and list supporting
details for these ideas.
101
Reporting about
Sensory Loss
ln Chapter 2, you learned about the explaining essay and its parts:
the introduction and thesis statement, the body paragraphs and
topic sentences, and the conclusion.You also learned about
summarizing information and quoting sources. ln this chapter, you
will apply what you have learned about writing reports.
Many courses in the applied sciences require college students
Chapter Objectives
Read the following chapter objectives
:
I
r
I have
learned
this well.
I need
to work
on this.
loss
:
:
t:i'o:'i':
:::
|:t"i'ullo"
o'l'"lni::" "
f::':o:'l
'.:'
olunfl' t"
11
"'":1".:ensorv.pelcentlol 1nd/or
:':':'l'o"
A.
B.
2.
What happens when a person loses her or his sense of taste? Select
one reason why a person may partially or completely lose the sense
of taste. Write a three-page research report that includes:
A. A background paragraph describing one to three reasons why a
person could lose part or all of her or his sense of taste
B. Two to four body paragraphs that:
(a) Discuss the short-term and/or long-term effect(s) of losing
all or part of one's sense of taste for your selected reason(s); use
a diagram to show how we taste food
(b) Explain way(s) of restoring or improving one's sense of taste.
3.
Keep all the materials, drafts, and peer reviews for this essay
assignment in the writing folder you used for the essay assignment in
Chapter 2, or you may use a new two-pocket folder. Ask your instructor
for guidance.
Chapter Essay
Assignment
105
+ An introductory paragraph
+ A background paragraph
i'.+
'!*i*'.ti:*,Cffi
ryei
ee
Et
* ss*
G5s;
tr i"*
* Flt
Reread the chapter essay assignment. Then, with three classmate5 answer
the
following questions:
1. What is the purpose of this chapter's report assignment? What will
you learn by writing a rePort?
2. Who will read your essay? How much knowledge of the topic can
you expect your readers to have?
3. Where can you find information about LASIK, taste loss, or
hearing aids?
4. What level of formality is appropriate for this assignment?
5. Circle the keywords in the three choices for this chapter essay
assignment. What WH- questions (what, how, why) will be
answered by each? Write them below:
Examples:
How does
Ee
Pr0ble'M6"?
106
Chapter 3
a per60nhu a"parttal
Hoa
dou ttrw fuiuatt ear pr0Le56 slwtds? tlhat dou a LtewirtX atd dor
the exercises
in this chapter,
consult your
instructor.
Cattrering lnformation
(2) refractive eye problems, taste loss, or hearing loss; and (3) LASIK, ways
of restoring taste, or digital hearing aids. This section of the chapter
contains many exercises to help you gather and organize this information.
W .', fx'eti*ffi
Obserye the picture at the beginning of this chapter. Then, answer the
following questions on separate paper:
1. What
2.
3.
4.
5.
the picture?
\tt4rich of the five senses do you think we use most often?
Which sense do we use least often?
lVhat do you know about the five senses? In your notebook, write
five sentences about each ofthe five senses.
Chapter Essay
ExEFcISE
ffi
ruC*ACog
Assignment
1O7
a lEst
Create three columns on a sheet of paper. Quickly list what you know about
each of the three topic choices in this chapter essay assignment. Then, write
down any questions that come to your mind related to each topic. Rettiew
your three lists and questions and your answers to Exercise 2, and choose
the topic you will write about. Put your lists in your writing folder.
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a way to generate as many ideas as possible in a short
amount of time. Group brainstorming, brainstorming with other people,
is often used in the business world to generate solutions to difficult
problems.ln your case, brainstorming with other students will help you
share knowledge and ideas. During brainstorming, everybody in the
group should participate and share information with the other group
members. No idea should be criticized during brainstorming'You will
be able to evaluate and select ideas on your own after your
brainstorming session.
EXERCISE
ffi
*re;n*t*rmEatg deas
Form a group with three or four other students who have chosen the same
essay choice. Then, do the following:
1. Share what you know about the topic with your group, especially
the list you wrote in Exercise 3.
2. Thke notes during the brainstorming session'
3. Review your notes with your group. Reread the assignment and the
questions you listed in Exercise 2. What information does your
group lack? \Atrat do you need to learn more about in order to write
your essay?
4. Write more questions that you need to answer in your essay
(examples:
Wat
ffict
Wat
is
108
Chapter
Websites
109
Ex!Rcl5E
ffi
mva=**tgm# urfusg*s
With your classmates, discuss the websites listed in the Spotlight on Writing
Skills box about websites. Wich seem(s) more reliable? Wlty? How will this
information help you search the Internet?
sources carefully. lf
you cannot retell
the main idea of
difficult terminology
but that are
generally clear.
elt.heinle.com/collegewriting.
ExERclSE
ffi
Go on the Internet and find information about the essay topic you chose.
Consider your group\ questions to help you decide what information to
select. Be careful about the websites you select.
1.
2.
Search specific words that can help you find information about
your topic (examples: partialloss of vision, causes of hearingloss,
110
Chapter
s. if the URLs
You
will
in the books or
journals, only on
the photocopied
pages.
as
search.
2. If you are unfamiliar
for assistance.
3. Try to find the most recent sources to use in your report, because
the newest information will be best.
4. After you select a source, write in your notebook the information
listed in the References Information chart (below). Most of this
of publication
Publisher
i Title of the
article
111
Examples:
Book
Boston:
is
capitalized)
Journal Article
Publisher
Names of the
stress, neg
authors
Year of publication
64,131-140.
ffizusceptibility to the
is
capitalized) Volume
of each word
capitalized)
Page numbers
is
Note-Taking
Note-taking is an important skill for college students. During lectures,
presentations, debates, and other class activities, students must be
able to write down important information without falling behind.lt is
impossible to write everything a speaker says, so it is better to use
mostly words or phrases, not complete sentences, and to write down
only the most important information. For example, if the speaker says,
"The human ear has three main parts:the outer eaL the middle ear, and
the inner ear,"a student's notes may say:"human ear,3 parts: outer,
middle, inner." some people use symbols when taking notes, such as:
an arrow-+ to show a relationship between ideas
an equal sign = to mean that two things or ideas are the same
&for and
w/for with
w/ofor without
bcfor because
112
Chapter
Marco's Notes
Tongue tastes four things: sweet, sour, salty, bitter
nose does the rest
example: raw potato & apple taste sweet crunchy
tongue can't tell diff nose can
nose helps us taste food gone bad so
to brain w/ olfactory
nerves
:,
: :,'. :. :.. tt
1
:!ri.
113
2.
3.
paragraph
':!
notes? Why?
Topic
Method of Development
Examples:
a. Prouss
nose's suell
,, !:'*w i:!i:::!'1i::
--f--
i,tl
ort
ol|attortl
@xplatlt hou:
lhe
cdls uorx\
O. g++w+s ley.ptatrt
uhal
ner{es
1.
2.
3.
4.
i
i.
i".".""-".=-".."
Chapter
;;;.;;;;il-;il,;;;- i
t.
verbs to:
't.
i
fhaf children under 5 years of age i
listen to classical music every day. i
[The author relates advice of an
z. DrJohn S.Ihyne,M.D.,recommends
2.
Cite experts in
thefield
by
expert.l
*'*' --
i'"'"'g.
i
;
r
tlidt j
oftheir
loud
s.
i"
..':T:::Ti':i5"a
+.
studvl
of
smoking
sensation.
l
I
115
Forceful
i- - ---"-":
Most report
verbs are followed
by the word that.
The exceptions to
this rule are
followed by an
asterisk (") in
Less Forceful
:-*
Weak
:*.-*"".
argue
state
suggest
assert
explain
imply
claim
find
indicate
c0ntend
rec0mmend
pr0p0se
insist
demonstrate
observe
maintain
investigate*
mention
report
predict
note
hypothesize
show
these lists.
---.."-:'j
**;
lnformation and Opinions
.."_*..i
allege
indicate
argue
investigate
describe*
observe
discuss*
predict
examine'(
report
explain
show
present*
suggest
reveal
116
Chapter
,rxt-ni,r5,i'ffi
r****rEacg * rep*r
Reread the essay assignment you chose. Reyiew your online and
information carefully. Then,
2.
3.
4.
5.
:axei.fisi
ffi
Form a group with two or three other students who chose the same
topic. Then,
essay
2.
3.
4.
5.
117
After reading her notes, a student, Hoang, did some freewriting to check her
knowledge and understanding of the topic. With a classmate, read Hoang's
freewriting about hearing loss. Then, complete the steps that follow.
Hoang's Freewriting
2.
information.
3. Bracket [ ] the incomplete sentences in Hoang's freewriting.
. Highlight words or phrases that are too informal for academic essays.
5. For two of the informal words or phrases, write more formal
synonyms (words with similar meaning) that Hoang could use in her
report (example: "what is the use of the part of the ear we can see?" =
"what is the function of the external ear?")
118
Chapter
Freewriting
Reread the essay assignment you chose. Review
all your notes and materials
about the assignment, incruding your crassmates'
suggestion charts. Then,
on separate paper, freewrite
minutes
aboit what you have
for fifteen
learned so far about the topic. Remember that
when you freewrite, you may
use informal language and incomplete sentences.
2. Write anything
3. Write anything
4.
wat
Hoang's euestions
What are sound waves?
What part of the ear is the hammer?
How does it work?
What is the ear drum?
How does it work?
What does "eardrum damage,, mean?
What does a human ear look like?
How does it work?
What does it mean to be ,,profoundly
deaf,,?
loss?
Transitions
ln academic writing, ideas must flow smoothly and be well organized.
You have already learned about using keywords and complex
sentences to show the relationship between ideas. Another way to
show the logical connection between ideas is to use transitions
between sentences.The examples below are from student essays
about sensory loss.
ri
:l
Sentences with
Transitions
!
loss of taste sensation. ln addition,
i
it can cause a loss of appetite.
i
i
Ihe largest sensory organ in our
lt
senses
touch,
is
the
skin.
body
i
Smoking can cause a
temporary
temperature
Explanations
ln addition and furthermore
are used to add information.
Other common transitions that
show oddition:
:
i
;
i
However and
conversely
rs sleeprng.
I
I
,
i
ln contrast,
120
Chapter
Explanations
to use.
Thus,
Smoking has been shown to
As a consequence,
As a result
odors.
the Excimer
Laser.
for instance
121
paaaretuati*x
#ffiE r**t;u!ng
With two or three classmates, look again at the example sentences on the
previous page and discuss the following questions:
Is there ever a
3.
4.
5.
3:
Compare rules with another group of students. Are your rules the
same? If not, why?
tf*f*i+scffi
Fd*ntifyEms ransit!*ms
2.
3.
4.
122
Chapter
ldentifying err0r$
In
Examples:
I.ndeed
Most people rely on smell to choose a mate. l{yleveF, recent
studies have found that we tend to be attracted to people that
have a different chemical composition and body odor than we do.
,
Smells surround us,
ho,rserJer,
fu
2.
If a person cannot feel pain, she may hurt herself. However, my friend
has no sensation in her left hand. One day she burnt her hand
severely,
but she did not know she was injured until she saw the burn.
6. First, the nose recognizes the smell of coffee, then the tongue tastes its
bitterness.
123
Providing transitions
With a classmate, read the sentences below and add transitions to show the
logical relationship between the sentences. An example has been completed
for you.
Example:
lnerelore,
1. LASIK
z.
Digital hearing aids can be very small. Some hearing aids are small
enough to fit inside the ear canal.
3.
Cochlear implants are for severely deaf people and work extremely
well. My brother, who is almost completely deaf in one ear, has a
cochlear implant that allows him to hear like everyone else and even
use a telephone without problems.
4.
The focusing and organizing step of the writing process requires you
to select and organize the ideas and supporting evidence for your report.
You will write your "working" thesis statement, "working" topic sentences,
and essay map as you did in Chapter 2. Analyzing student examples and
doing peer reviews will help you in the decision-making process.
126
Chapter
Body Paragraph
-->
Cornea is defined
development:
process.
Method of
paragraph
The Conclusion
recaps the essay's
comment
(recommendation).
--+
The end-of-text
references are
double-spaced,'are
lasik_eye_su rgery.htm
listed in
alphabetical order,
and follow APA
format.
Chapter Essay
Assignment
127
Each entry is
spaces after the first
line.
refractive.html
indented by 5-7
I I
6.
7.
8.
9.
explanations?
What is the purpose of Figure
1?
va I uati
2.
3,
128
Chapter
Example:
qg3y"'tj!f1{y
A.
There are three main reasons why people lose their ability to taste:
age, diseases, and mineral deficiencies.
Questions the writer will answer in the body paragraphs:
B.
Some people lose their ability to feel pain in parts of their body
when their nervous system is damaged because of accidents or
diseases.
c.
Many people think that we taste flavors with the taste buds on our
tongue, but our taste sensations also come from other parts of the
129
Reread your essay assignment and review the materials you have collected
so far, especially your supporting evidence:
4. Do the
writing folder.
LedrEeEreg
y*a6tr
*ssey
FY*#p
Review your working thesis statement, your questions, and all your notes.
130
Chapter
Fxefua*ging scay
Exchange essay maps
1.
ry?aps
2. Write two
body paragraphs that follow the topic sentences. As you read the
evidence for each body paragraph, consider whether it answers
3.
your questions.
Suggest two or three ways your classmate can improve her or his
essay map.
131
4. Put an asterisk (*) at the end of each piece of information that must
be cited if the writer does not include in-text citations (for example:
scientific information about a form of therapy or a surgical
with
a different classmate.
Paraphrasing
you learned that plagiarism means using another
person,s ideas or words without citing (giving credit to) that person.
Therefore, when you use online or print sources in your essay, you
must use an in-text citation anil an end-of-text citation for each source
as you learned in ChaPter 2.
Paraphrasing means presenting the written information of
another author by using the keywords of the original but restating the
other ideas in your own words.That is, although you use the most
important words, the key terms, of the author, you use synonyms and
your own sentences to describe the rest of the author's ideas'
Paraphrasing is not the same as summarizing. Both paraphrases
and summaries often include keywords from the original text, and
ln Chapter
2,
2.
3.
132
Chapter
2.
in the paraphrase.
3.
4.
OriginalText
SVSV
lf you smell an odor for long enough, you
stop
1. The summary is much shorter than the original text and the
paraphrase.
133
t:#$AFE!:,F*1,m {*
rn pa r i n
s texs
With two or three classmates, read the following excerpt from J. S. Nevid's
Psychology Concepts and Applications, a textbook for introductory
psychology courses. Then, read the summary and paraphrase below the
original text. After you finish reading, answer the questions that follow.
OriginalText
Vocabulary;
us,
such as odors,
sounds, or lights.
lmpinge = intrude,
invade, enter by force.
Detect = notice, be
aware of.
Notice that the text
has three paragraphs.
'
::'
:l- :
::'ll",l'
l"ll "
:'T'
^"1
ll'llil::"-l:l
oll
-li
"
"
l.
Summary
The author and title
are mentioned at
the beginning of
the summary.
Only the main ideas
are mentioned.
Chapter Essay
Assignment
135
Using synonyms
synonyms
below.
If you
cannot think of a synonym, use a dictionary or ask your instructor for help.
Nouns:
Epithelium
Impairment
Reduction
Sensation
Adjectives:
Olfactory
Visual
Partial
Defective
li& {1 *f$+
l#ritlns e suminary
to changes in the
pitch of a sound than to changes in volume.They will perceive
the difference if you raise or lower the pitch of your voice by
about one-third or 1 percent (1/333).Yet they will not perceive a
difference in the loudness of a sound unless the sound is made
louder or softer by about 10 percent. lf you are going to sing, you
had better be right on pitch (hit the note precisely), or people are
going to groan. But you might be able to raise the volume on
your stereo a little without the next-door neighbor noticing the
difference.Then,too,your neighbor may not notice it if you lower
People are noticeably more sensitive
2003 by
136
Chapter
Paraphrase
To paraphrase correctly, you must follow specific punctuation rules as
Explanations
As you learned in Chapter 2,
original words.
Dr. James Brown, a famous eye
specialist, maintains that
although both LASIK and CRT
may have some disadvantages,
they mostly have beneficial
effects (Brown,2003).
When paraphrasing:
1. The report verb (maintains)
is followed by that.
2.
Chapter Essay
Assignment 1gz
(Continued)
4. The report
5.
6.
7. Page numbers
for paraphrases.
i'r.it$#$i'5:iffi
Fiaedir:s dlrr*ren*es
Readthequotationsandparaphrasesbelow.whot@doyounotice
between the quotations and paraphrases? circre the
@-ences in'
punctuation' and highlight or underline any words that differ. Two
examples have been completed
for you.
Examples:
Dr. Jameson, an experienced ophthalmologist, state$@Laser
eye surgery is generally safer and less invasive than traditional
eye surgery.u(Quotation)
Dr. Jameson, an experienced ophthalmologist, stated that
laser eye surgery is usually less traumatic and carries fewer risks
2. A:
B: Dr.
3.
Sara asserts that most patients are very huppy with their
hearing aids.
A: one patient admitted, "since I quit smoking, my sense of smell has
become much sharper."
B: One patient admitted that her sense of smell improved
considerably after she quit smoking.
138
Chapter
1. On
2.
3.
4.
it
As you put together your essay keep in mind what you have learned
about summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting information. Use your
sources wisely, and cite any information you did not know before you
researched your topic.
139
mayneverbeabletocompletelyregaintheirsenseofsmell'
Where is the general topic of the essay introduced?
2. How does Maya capture the attention of her readers?
ideas'
3. Bracket the lthesis statement] and circle the controlling
sentences.
4. Identify subjects (s) and verbs (v) in the first three
the
5. which of these three sentences is a complex sentence? underline
dependent clause, and circle the dependent word'
1.
Srafting
Write an introduction for your
yCIur
intrsd*retiotl
essay:
2.
You
use interesting information to capture the readers' attention.
may tell about a personal experience as Maya did' or you may
choose some other method to make your introduction interesting
(for example, a quote, an example, statistics)'
3.
Evaluating introductisns
Exchange introductions tuith a classmate' Read your classmate's
introduction carefully, and then answer these questions:
2.
3.
makes
will
discuss?
140
Chapter
1lF
to the middle layer of the cornea, and it takes a lot less time to
heal than PRK. ln less than fifty years, eye surgeons were able to
improve and perfect refractive eye surgery.
141
References
History of Lasik. (n.d.) Laser Vision Professional Lasik Center. Retrieved
October 1 5, 2003 from http://www.thai lasi kcenter.com/
English/lasik.htm
...
www.ophc.com/lasi k-history.htm
142
Chapter
References
\{hat questions
Chien:
a.
5. What information
6.
7. What
1. A definition of the
2.
inner ear)
143
b. Scientifi c
loud noises)
about the topic
Current relevant information and recent research
paraphrases'
from websites (in-text citations such as quotations,
and/or brief summaries)
d.Evidencethataproblemexists(example:statisticsabouttheside
effects oftaste loss)'
Glvixlg and ree*iving feedbaek
with a
materials
Exchange background paragraphs and supporting
paragraph' Then'
clossmite. Read your classmate's background
i1*$i#l#,#i*tiffi
f;
astigmatism'
corrects nearsightedness, farsightedness and
when the eye
Nearsightedness is also called myopia' lt occurs
is also
cannot focus on things that are far away' Farsightedness
cannot see things
called hyperopia,and it means that people
problem' but it
that are close up. Older people get this type of
Astigmatism affects
is called presbyopia when caused by age'
People
the shape of the eye so the images seem distorted'
144
Chapter
(LASIK).
Laser surgery (LASIK) can correct all these problems. LASIK uses
an excimer laser that produces a "computer controlled tool,
ultraviolet beam of light" ("Basik Lasik,,' 2000). The laser
Chapter Essay
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assignment 145
controlling ideas.
In each body paragraph, circle the words that relate to the controlling
ideas in the topic sentence. Draw lines from the words to the
controlling ideas.
Chien defines the meaning of some words. What words does she define
in her body paragraphs? Why does she provide this information?
Highlight the in-text citations. Notice that the in-text citations do
5.
Nofe: You will read Chien's References page later in this chapter.
W ,*xe'*,-i*ffi
tuvrEeE*g
1. Make
2.
3.
4.
5.
topic sentences.
Look carefully at the supporting details in each body paragraph. Make
sure they support the controlling ideas in the body paragraph. If you
need more information, go through your materials or return to the
Internet for additional research.
If some supporting evidence would be more effective in another
paragraph, make the changes now. Eliminate any supporting details
that do not seem to support the controlling ideas well.
Check the method of development of each body paragraph
(definition, process, comparison andlor contrast, classification, or
cause and/or effect). Make sure you use the best method to
communicate your ideas in each paragraph.
Consider the overall sequence of your body paragraphs. Move them
around if you think they would be more effective in a different order.
146
Chapter
of your
b. check the citations of the supporting information in each
body paragraphs. Remember that any information you did not know
when you began your assignment must be followed by an in-text
citation:
-f
:s**jElcr*Gffi **rcpl*tir:s
e #iasraee
the type
Review your essay assignment. Look for the directions about
diagram you need to add to your essay'
of
you have already read chien's background paragraph and body paragraphs'
answer the
Now, read chien's introduction and conclusion. After reading
questions that follow.
(examples:prediction,recommendation,solution,evaluation)
4. In what ways are the conclusion and introduction different? why?
5. Compare answers with a classmate's'
ChaPter EssaY
Assignment
147
lntroduction
Nowadays, many people have to wear eyeglasses or
people
contact lenses because their vision is not perfect. some
young
start wearing glasses or contacts when they are very
and wear them for the rest of their lives' They never know
what it is like not to wear glasses or contacts' These can be
expensive and need a lot of care'The glasses may break'
very
so patients need to keep them in a case when they do not
need to wear them. Glasses also need to be cleaned regularly
andcangetscratched.Contactlensesarealittlebetterthan
glasses. People can forget they have them on' However'
sometimes contacts can fall out, and then they are hard to
just like
find. Also, contacts can break and get scratched
people say
glasses.Today, a new technique called LASIK can help
goodbye to their glasses forever. LASIK surgery is a safe' lowcost technique, but it has some risks and limitations'
Conclusion
lnconclusion,LAS|Kisgenerallysafeandpatientsheal
quickly after it, but some people experience serious vision
problems. ln spite of these problems, LASIK has become the
or
favorite choice of people who are tired of wearing eyeglasses
contactlenseseveryday.Clearly,LAS|Kisstillasurgicalprocedure
side
and as such it includes some risks and may cause possible
just
effects. Therefore, patients should not rush to get LASIK
becausetheyaretiredofwearingglasses.Peoplewithrefractive
they
vision problems should research the topic extensively before
select to have LASIK. Also, they should consult an experienced
patient is a
doctor who will run various tests to make sure each
good candidate for the surgerY.
WnitinE ycalr 6snl$sisn
statement. Then,
Reread your essay, especially the introduction and thesis
(see chart
in ChaPter 2, PP - 93-94).
2. Write a sentence that connects to the last sentence of the last body
paragraph.
g. laa a brief
4.Useaconcludingtechniquetoleavethereaderswithafinalmessage.
148
Chapter
Write a complete reference for every source you cite in your essay. Type your
references on the last page of your essay. Follow Chien's example below:
Chien's References Page
Center heading.
References
URL.
spaces).
lf no author is /
-/
_-.-,
lf no date
is
.-
.:r*t l gffi
EJsE*g
tr*F#rc ?derhs
W i*!*** *.iffi
149
As you reread your essay, answer the questions below and make the
appropriate changes to your draft.
,*fir:iiti;*.*ffi
s*!r-*d
FrE
Read your essay once again. Check off each item below as you complete it.
When you are finished, print four copies of your essay-one for your
1.
(ifa
sentence
Z. -
3.
4, -
5.
6. -
Z. -
150
Chapter
Farticipati*g in read-areuffid pr
trespeffis
1. Consideryour
classmates' responses:
b.
essay?
\t\4rat did you learn from reading your classmates' essays that
can be applied to your writing?
'lype your
2.
3.
4.
your essay map, your peer responses, and all the other materials you
developed for Chapter 3 Essay Assignment.
Give the folder to your instructor.
essay.
:i#$'*:+id+,+i*ffi
R*v
eu.ri n
s {h e pt r o bj eet ivcs
Review the objectives at the beginning of this chapter and complete the
checklist. wich objectives do you still need to work on? Discuss with a
151
Assessment
Assignment 1: Summarize
Find a newspaper or magazine article about your
essay
topic. Write
important ideas.
Investigating
College Stress
i
THEREAREONLY
li::i1:i:i
TWOTIMES
I FEEL STRESS:
rnl:tl
,+::j:'!'!r
i.::i:ii,.i'
':i,iiil:lJr'
taji;i:i:.:
:-':5:lirii
;:i..jr'j't:ri
i5i!::':r'.:::, t
i;l
DAY
*r,'i:.11
:::i:ir,;:::,+
#
tu*;r
Fr\9
NIGHT
:iq:;i!1:r,,::::.
as
::r,:ti:iir
i:!l:i
iiii.:ilri,ri
.:ti'Il'rri
15i:,i!:,
i:.ralj:tt:!l
;;;1.',?
::i.,+r.
:::.
i:':i
;:irl:;1;i
l;::r::
Chapter Objectives
:
i
chapter,
box to the right.
: I have
and check
(/)
the appropriate
this
learned I need to
well. : work on this.
Listing
Evaluating other
.
students'ideas
,.'..
'
..-
excerpt
t:"'ll"n
..
'::
www
stress
leOe
cting nflrmat on
Summarize an interview
Use a fishbone map
to identify causes of
stress
Give and receive peer feedback about your college stress essay
Respond to your instructor's comments
Revise and edit effectively before and after receiving peer
,
:
2. Describe
3. Describe
4.
assignment in your writing folder. You may use a new two-pocket folder
for this assignment, or you may reuse the folder you used for Chapter 3's
essay assignment. Ask your instructor for guidance.
To complete this assignment, you need to:
process
*
*
causes
of stress
prevention strategies)
155
# A concluding paragraph
e A references page at the end of the paper
four
choices
to
but
4. where
5.
What rs stress?
Why isit a problem to experience too much stress?
who experiences more stress-male or female college students?
What resoutces are available on this campus to students who are
dealing with severe stress?
Who didthe first study on stress and college students?
eitwis"
Me047
156
Chapter
What is a "slrvtpLou"?
treats
stress?
vlhat
Gattrering lnformation
The topic of college stress has been studied extensively, and you will
find a great quantity of material online and in print. Therefore, you will
have to be very selective about the sources you choose for your essay. As
you gather information and do the exercises in this section of the book,
always keep in mind the topic of your essay assignment.
E*c*,t'#tffi
R*eeEEEmg evh*
y*u
kca*h#
1. What is stress?
2. As a first-year
most?
6. \44rat other
157
reduce stress?
lf any of the
information or
7.
of answers.
exercises in this
8.
chapter are
confusing to you,
consult your
instructor. -),
\a
,rxg i',ffi
writing folder.
L5sircg 6de*e
Review the four essay assignment choices for this chapter, the questions you
Iisted in Exercise 1, and your answers in Exercise 2. Then, do the following
with a classmate:
1. On
four
',e*entrii*.ffi
&na3px**g ws*
Est*
Read Lani's and Hung's lists below. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Lani's Lists
t. rtler*pl
z\
64twts
MK;4
depressiort
3\ Mter
{orXetidness
4\
5\ trritabtlily
6\ tear
e.lreatuent
t\ h"eaAahes
t\ neditntiort
A dt4estive probleus z\ ltue MatL%uletL+
e\ uuXhl.Ioss
4\ uuXhl Xatrt
5\ heart urtditiorts
6\ irrc4ular hewL
rLtylhu
7\
sleEle.66rte56
4.
PrerJerftiorr
i MotLa/ M^n%oMerL+
z\ stuAy plan
e\ liue MuLoieMetr+
158
Chapter 4
Hung's Lists
t.
Psqchonqtcol
e.
-..=.+
6ffwts
t\ Stouarharhz
t\ e41;,r, to4
Z\
IrtSorrtrtia
z\ 6anX uoJ" at
lhe tiue
U,taqs
--ilo+
to
S+ress
+4.
ttatlS to
Pretlenl stress
t\ 6o to lhe
Spertd
uuirtX ort
1\ Dort't be friends
utlh rvXatite
PuPle
Hung's? \A4ry?
4.
Add interesting ideas from Hung's and Lani's lists to your lists for
this chapter's essay assignment. Put your revised lists in your
writing folder.
EXERCISE
ffi
m tnt*.*"r'";
159
"?".raj{ i*-q"Ri
Reyiew this chapter's essay assignment choices and the four lkts you wrote.
of
Choose the topic for your essay, and put an asterisk (x) next to the list
ideas
for your
essaY toPic.
i:t
160
Chapter
Table 4.1
Examples of Stress-Related Health Problems
Biological Problems
Allergic reactions
acne)
intestine,
as
'
Nausea and
vomiting
Sleep problems
Ulcers
5kin rashes
Asthma
t:
r Fatigue
, PsychologicalProblems
'
Depression
Anger
lnitabilitY
Anxiety
Feeling overwhelmed
'
161
Sources of Stress
If you had to identiS' the sources of stress in your life, what would
you list? School or work demands, relationship problems, traffic
jams, or such daily sources of stress as preparing meals, shopping,
and doing household chores? Sources of stress are called stressors.
We face many stressors in our lives, including daily hassles,life
events or life changes, frustration, conflict, Type A behavior pattern,
and pressure to adjust to a new culture, which is a stressor faced by
immigrant groups.
Positive as well as negative experiences can be sources of stress. Happy
or joyous events, such as having a baby, getting married, or
graduating from college, are stressors because they impose demands
on us to adjust or adapt. Positive changes in our lives,like negative
ones, can tax our ability to cope, as any new parent will attest. How
well we are able to cope with the stress we experience in our daily lives
relationships. Few,
if
of college students.
We may experience some hassles on a daily basis, such as hunting
for a parking spot in overcrowded parking lots. Others occur
irregularly or unexpectedly, such as getting caught in a downpour
without an umbrella. A single hassle may not amount to much in
itself. But the accumulation of daily hassles can contribute to the
general level of chronic stress in our lives. Chronic stress is a state
ofpersistent tension or pressure that can lead us to feel exhausted,
irritable, and depressed. Other contributors to chronic stress
include ongoing financial problems, job-related problems, marital
or relationship conflicts, and persistent or reculrent pain or other
chronic medical conditions.
162
Chapter
Table 4.2
The Ten Most Common Hassles Reported by College Students
Hassle
Students Reporting
(%o)
77
72.5
71
71
70
69
67
s.
66
you need to do
:
.
9.
10. Being
lonely
6.
Life
standards
64
61
Events
8.
163
g"lf,
they
blocked
"r.
want to a,it",
aute or
g.ConflictConflicti"sastateoftensionresultingfromthepresence
!"p.ri.t..
of action to Pursue'
with Type A behavior pattern are
10. Type A Behavior Pattern People
They are constantly in a rush
impatient, competitive, u"d agg'essive'
get
urgency' They feel pressured to
and have a strong sense of time
shortest possible amount of
the maximu* #oo"t done in the
with others' especially those who
time. They qoitUy io" patience
moveor*orkrrr--.rto*tythantheywouldlike'Theymaybecome
ll.AcculturativeStressForimmigrants'thedemandsofadjustingto
anewculturecanbeasignificantSourceofstress.Establishinga
can be a difficult adjustment'
new life in one's adopted country
in language and culture and
especially when there are differences
One s1Snln;a1t source
few available job or training opportunities'
adapt to the values'
of stress i, p"'*" to bttJ'ot o cculturated-to
of the host or dominant culture'
linguistic preferences' and customs
179
Example:
The two main causes of stress in college freshmen are
homesickness and academic expectations
* Wat is stress?
* Wy does homesickness cause stress?
* Wat are some of the stress signs of homesickness
freshmen
of
stress?
Thesis Statement 1:
Freshmen in college can prevent stress by taking charge of their
time, seeking help early, and not procrastinating.
Questions:
Thesis Statement 2:
First-year college students can treat stress by practicing self-control,
doing relaxation, and having good time management.
Questions:
164
Chapter
References
Cohen,
S.,
31
-1 40.
-39.
Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Rubenstein, H. R. (1998). Health in the new
,;*r{i'it',r'ffi
*Euu*ssEr:
H## b# # rbr
ff
With three or four classmates, discuss unfamiliar words. Ask the instructor
about words your group does not know or cannot guess from the context.
Write the definitions of dfficult words in the margins of the text.
.
f*ix<fiE-'ffi
following
ChaPter EssaY
Assignments 165
*et*s
without
readingitfromthetext.Ifyoucannotrememberthemeaningof
to
one of the stressors, read the definition in the text and then try
it in your own words. Take notes on separate paper'
2. with the same two students, identifr information that can help you
with your essay topic and write it on your paper' For example'
Tlpe A
depression and anger are mentioned in the paragraph about
behavior pattern. Therefore, a student writing about the psychological
his
effects of coliege stress could use this information in her or
restate
3.
or three
For each idea in the list you chose in Exercise 5, write two
leave a
questions that can be answered in a body paragraph' As you write'
half page below each question' Then,
2.Discusstheideasinyourfreewritingwithoneofyourclassmates
information'
3.Addyourclassmate'smostinterestingideastoyourfreewritingif
they are different from Yours'
essay about this
166
Chapter
Website Evaluation
ln Chapter 3, you learned about different website domains (.com,.org,
.edu,.gov).ln this chapter, you will search the WWV for sites that contain
information about college stress and its psychological effects, physical
symptoms, treatment options, and/or preventive meosures.lt is important
that you evaluate the information carefully. lf you select websites that
have inaccurate or limited information, your essay will not be well
supported and you may not receive a good grade on your paper.
Here are some questions that can guide your lnternet search:
2.
3.
reliable source?
Does the website provide accurate information? ls the
information supported with statistics, research results, and/or
expert opinions? Does the website provide enough
information? ls advertising kept to a minimum?
ls the website current? ls it updated regularly (as stated on
the main page)? Are the links up to date? ls the information
easy
to
access?
websites at elt.heinle.com/colleEewriting.
EXERCISE
ffi
ffi
167
selected.
Consider your freewriting and your list of ideas and questions to help you
decide what information to search for and select. Here are examples of
actual search words used by students in this course:
1. Select at least six potential sources for your essay. Print the first page
and the URL (Web address) of each site.
2. Review your sources, and choose three or four of the most valuable
to print completely.
3. Place the printed webpages in your writing folder.
ExERclsE
ffi"-.
ffi
frv***#eE*EG F?E**rF#E*
Bring to class the materials you collected on the Web. Exchange materials
with one of your classmates, preferably someone who chose a dffirent topic.
Reyiew your classmate's materials carefully; then, follow the instructions in
"Peer Review of Sources" (Appendix 7, p. 263).
\ff
;,
2:
:.'ii$;$
f&*ii,$:i!
The lnterview
168
Chapter
Your interview questions will depend on the topic you chose for
your essay and the expert you interview.
For successful interviews, follow these steps:
t.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
Below are some questions you can ask during the interview.
Develop other questions based on your essay topic.
For example, you could ask a specialist who treats stress on a regular
basis the following questions:
is yes)
effective? Why?
disadvantages
of
(type of treatment)?
+ Does this hospital/health center offer stress management
'+ How do patients find out about these classes?
classes?
169
# How
stress?
services cost?
*Wherecanstudentsgetinformationabouttheseservices?
s \A4rom can students contact if they need help dealing with
stress?
Below are some questions you can choose from when interviewing
first year of college:
college students who experienced severe stress in their
stress?
whv?
+Whatareyoudoingthissemestertoavoidtoomuchstress?
* What advice can you give to college students who suffer from
severe stress?
170
Chapter
2. select the questions you want to ask during the interview from the
ones listed above. Be sure to choose questions that fit your essay
3.
4.
5.
6.
.:.i#tfit1*tffi
Add or change any information to make sure the notes are as accurate as
possible. Then,
1.
Read
essay.
6.
7.
you did not leave out any important information. Revise your
summary as needed.
Edit your summary for sentence structure, informal language,
spelling, and grammar errors.
Compare your summary to your classmate's summary. Did you
forget any important details? If you did, add them to your summary.
Put your summary in your writing folder.
You
171
ExPlanations
Examples
A computer is
amachine...
o:r"1:l:":ij"
Computers ate
machines ..
"" .
cannot
two moneYs" or
172
Chapter
Continued
t.
I like coffee.
several coffees.
Stress is a feeling.
general feeling.
Students experience
e. lboughtacoffee
before class.
3.
4.
5.
Brazil produces
1.
Students should do
their homework
every day,
2.
A student stopped
by my office yesterday.
3.
I need some
(homeworlc information).
Notice that noncount nouns such as
grammar take a singular verb (needs).
information about
this course.
4.
My grammar needs
11.1'o'l'
do.2.force of weight
caused by something
heauy:The heavy trucks
put
ChaPter EssaY
ExERcli=
ffi*
ffi
Assignments 173
feelins ot
##.
l.Somecoilegestudentsfeelstressedbecauseoftheirmanyfinancial
responsibilitY.
2.
3.
learning new
One of the student in my French class has trouble
vocabularY'
4.TheAdmissionsofficedidnotgivemeclearinformationsabout
adding classes late'
7.
of
college'
8.
ExERclsE
ffi
ffi
Writeasentencewitheachofthewordslistedbelow,someofthewordsare
fromtheexcerptyoureadearlier(,,Stress:WhatltlsandWhatltDoesto
YourBody,,).Afteryouwriteyoursentences,cornparethemwithaclassmate,s.
1.
moneY:
174
Chapter
2.
stress:
3. grammar:
4.
stressori
5.
information:
6.
behavior:
7.
tensxoni
8.
coffee:
go to elt.heinle.com/collegewriting.
175
"tXlC,tr"dtffi
fiw*Ee:*Eng
sr,rdemt csay
Nancy wrote about Essay Assignment 4 (ways to prevent college stress) and
used a survey, not an interview, as one way to gather information. Read
Nancy's essay but cover the notes in the right margin. Then, with two or
three classmates, complete the steps that follow.
The introduction
thesis statement is
introduction.
Stress is a fact
begins with a
general statement
about stress, gives
definition of stress,
and then becomes
more specific. The
The background
paragraph gives
information about
causes and effects
of stress
(background of the
problem).
Definition of conflict
is quoted.The Page
number (if available)
is given in the
in-text citation.
176
Chapter
to prevent
stress:
When there is no
author, use the title
in your in-text
citations. lf the title
is
of it.
The topic sentence
connects to the
previous paragraph
and introduces two
solutions (anger
management,
meditation) to the
problem (stress).
Relevant survey
information
it
summarized in
essay,
\
the
and it is used
177
as supporting
evidence.
Survey information
is included in the
Conclusionrecap5+lnconclusion,stressisafactorineverydaylife,andcollege
main
suggests
measures that
colleges can take to
help prevent
freshmen's stress'
the essay's
points and
knowaboutcampusresourcesthatcanhelpthemdealwith
stress and Prevent distress.
References
in alphabetical
order.
The Tufts
Beck, M. (2003, April 24). Relieving stress through exercise.
from
Daily. Retrieved November 10, 2003
Remember to
http://n utrition'tuft
04/stress'html
lnternet information.
lndent each entrY
5-7 spaces after the
first line.
s'ed
u/ consumer/balance/2003-
178
Chapter
Remember to
italicize:
1.
titles of lnternet
sources
2. book titles
3.
journal, magazine
Houghton Mifflin.
and newspaper
titles
u la
't.
2.
sources?
179
Example:
The two main causes of stress in college freshmen are
homesickness and academic expectations
* Wat is stress?
* Wy does homesickness cause stress?
* Wat are some of the stress signs of homesickness
freshmen
of
stress?
Thesis Statement 1:
Freshmen in college can prevent stress by taking charge of their
time, seeking help early, and not procrastinating.
Questions:
Thesis Statement 2:
First-year college students can treat stress by practicing self-control,
doing relaxation, and having good time management.
Questions:
180
Chapter
Thesis Statement 3:
Loss of appetite, insomnia, and inability to concentrate are the most
serious effects of college stress on first-year students.
Questions:
exenirs,E'ffi
Effrrt*g * "enr*rkFaeg,,tfu*s5s
Reread your essay assignment and the questions you need to answer in your
essay (Exercise 2). Review your notes and the materials you
found on the
Internet and at the library. Also review your summary of the interview.
Highlight information that seems closely related to your essay assignment.
Then,
your essay
2.
3. For each controlling
4"
Chapter Essay
'*Xg*q:it.:$
ffi
F*reia*pa$*g
Fm
Assignments
181
Form a group with three or four classmates. Review each other's thesis
statement by following the steps below. Review all the steps before you begin
a.
she
your classmate?
b. \A4rat other questions should your classmate answer in her or his
essay to develop the thesis statement's controlling ideas? Add
them to your classmate's list of questions. Sign your name below
your comments. If you do not have any questions, write your
name in the margin, next to the three questions you find most
interesting.
2. Pass your classmate's thesis statement to the student sitting at your
left. Thke the thesis statement from the student sitting at your right.
3. Answer questions I and2 for the next thesis statement. When you
are done, pass the thesis statement to your left and take one from
the student at your right. Keep going until your have read all the
thesis statements.
4.
:Egixti.siffi
!#entifyEseg ser*ss*rc
Reread the essay topic you chose and your list of ideas (rffects, symptoms,
treatments, or prercntive strategies). Then, reread the excerpt from Nevid's
book (pp. 159-164), and look for the causes of stress that match your essay
topic. List these causes on separate paper, and put it in your writing folder.
For example, lulie decided that people coping with dfficult life events and
people with Type A behavior pattern would benefit the most from the
coping strategies she had listed in Exercise 3. Therefore, she listed "life
events" and "Type A behavior pattern" as the causes she would discuss in
182
Chapter
cotse
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supporl..
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s+ress
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