Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Principals
Message
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U W I
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Climate Change
Knowledge, Attitude
and Behavioural
Practice
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layer (7.3%), increased consumption of energy
(6.1%) and improper waste disposal (6.1%).
Media Usage: Online respondents reported that
they occasionally (43.7%) or infrequently (34.1%)
read, listened, or watched stories on climate change.
Most sector participants represented agriculture
(25.7%) and tourism (23.2%). More private sector
organisations (68.6%) completed the survey
than public sector entities (25.8%); about 6%
of respondents represented non-governmental
organisations or considered themselves quasi-public
sector.
Knowledge of Climate
Change:
Ninety-seven
per cent (97.4%) of
respondents had heard
of climate change. ,
Many noted that it related
to variation in climate
globally, temperature or
weather patterns.
Attitudes to Climate
Change:
Most
organisations
felt
that climate change
adaptation and mitigation initiatives were very
important (51.7%) or important (24.4%) to their
organisation. A fairly large number also felt that
climate change adaptation and mitigation were very
immediate to their organisation (38.3%), to their
sector (50.6%) and to Jamaica (53.9%).
Practices regarding Climate Change: About twothirds of the respondents (68%) stated that their
organisation had a role to play in managing the
11
This study was conducted by CARIMAC on behalf of
the Planning Institute of Jamaica (PIOJ) under the
project Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience.
The Research Team
Lead Investigators: Livingston A. White, PhD and
Maria Protz, PhD
Project Manager: Olivia Bravo
Dr Livingston White is a lecturer at the Caribbean
Institute of Media and Communication (CARIMAC)
at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus
in Kingston, Jamaica where he teaches courses at
the undergraduate and graduate levels in Social
Marketing, Communication Analysis and Planning, and
Communication Research Methods. More recently, he
conducted various message recall surveys to evaluate
health campaigns both in Jamaica and across the
Caribbean region as well as led a team to complete this
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices study on climate
change in Jamaica for Jamaicas Pilot Programme for
Climate Resilience (PPCR).
Dr Maria Protz is a Communication for Development
(C4D) specialist with a Ph.D. from the University of
Reading, U.K, and has taught Communication Analysis
and Planning at the graduate level as part of CARIMACs
behaviour change communication programme. As
a consultant, she has worked extensively throughout
the English Speaking Caribbean and most recently
prepared the National Communication Strategy and
Action Plan for Jamaicas Pilot Programme for Climate
Resilience (PPCR).
National Household Survey Fieldworkers: Attalia
Harriman, Ava-Gayle James, Bobby Morgan, Carolyn
Williams, Chinyere Roberts, Clovis Bryan (Supervisor),
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Susan
Anderson
In Search of Excellence:
Educational Barriers, Opportunities
and Experiences of Jamaican
Students with Disabilities
U W I
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20
F A C U L T Y
LAW
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O F
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FACULTY OF LAW
Derrick
McKoy
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Procurement Professionals. The work
received favourable response when
the ideas were first presented at CPPC
2010 under the conference theme
Leveraging Strategic Procurement
to Achieve Best Value, Effective
Governance
and
Responsible
Development and these ideas are
also represented in (2011) 20 Public
Procurement Law Review, 137-56.
Dr Derrick McKoy is the Dean of the
Faculty of Law, University of the West
Indies, Mona. He holds a doctorate
(PhD) in Law from the University
of Leicester, a doctorate (DBA) in
Business Administration from Nova
Southeastern University, an LLM in
International and Comparative Law
from University College of London,
the MBA from Barry University, and
the LLB from the University of the
West Indies. He is also a graduate of
the Norman Manley Law School. He
was a Commonwealth Scholar. He
was Contractor-General of Jamaica
from 1998 to 2005, and served
as Chairman of the Fair Trading
Commission and the Antidumping
and Subsidies Commission in Jamaica.
U W I
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R E S E A R C H
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FACULTY OF LAW
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workplace, implementation of whistleblowing
legislation and the use of social media in the
workplace.
Employment and labour law in the Caribbean
has been forged by legislation and refined by
the decisions of industrial tribunals and courts.
Developments have evolved spontaneously
in response to economic and socio-political
demands, with little emphasis being placed on
academic study. Consequently, there are only
a few books that exist. Not only are these titles
dated, but they deal
largely with individual
jurisdictions and are
restricted to discussions
on specific areas of
the discipline such as
industrial
relations.
Further, strict legal
principles were only
addressed
obliquely
where
convergence
with
other
focus
areas
required.
There is currently no
comparable publication in this area, covering
in one complete volume the vicissitudes of
employment and labour law in the region. Thus
the book fills an obvious void while supporting
regional jurisprudential development as it extends
its coverage to the Caribbean Court of Justice.
The impact of the book is expected to be
significant. Not only will it supply a reference
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U W I
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FACULTY OF LAW
Susan
Ffolkes-Goldson
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F A C U L T Y
O F
Medical
Sciences
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Minerva
Thame
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Lean mass refers to tissue other than fat. Studies
have shown that individuals can have the same
weight but their fat mass, lean body mass can be
very different.
Early infant feeding practices are very important
in determining the long-term body compositions
of individuals. The WHO recommends exclusive
breast feeding for the first six month of life. The
initiation of breast feeding is high (98%) in Jamaica,
but rates decrease dramatically to as low as 48 %
by six weeks. The introduction of formula feeding
to the infant therefore commences very early and
the best quality of feed
is lost. Infants who are
formula fed are heavier
than infants who are
exclusively breast fed.
Culturally the heavier
baby is the more
desirable but bigger is
not necessarily better.
This study at the
University
of
the
West Indies is in the
embryonic stages in
exploring infant feeding
practices. Its aim is to compare the resultant
growth patterns, assessed by anthropometry
and body composition, in breast- and formulafed Jamaican children. This is a prospective,
longitudinal study of children from birth to 24
months. Mother-infant pairs will be invited to
join the study from the post natal ward of the
University Hospital of the West Indies. First time
mothers will be invited once they have no known
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there has been the Early Childhood Commission
Act (2003), The Child Care and Protection
Act (2004) and the Early Childhood Act and
Regulations (2005).
Survival Rights include the rights to life, health care
and basic amenities required for survival. The main
international indicators of child survival are infant
and under-five mortality rates. Infant mortality
measures death rates in children under the age
of one year and under-five mortality measures
death rates in children under 5 years. Both rates
fell most significantly between 1960 and 1980,
but have continued
to fall at a slower rate
subsequently
Development
Rights
include the rights to
name and nationality,
education, family and
play. Jamaican childrens
access to a name and
nationality
is
near
universal, with birth
registration rates above
95% in Jamaica since
the 1990s. Access to
basic education for young children at pre-primary
and primary levels has also been near universal
for many years. However, there are recognised
challenges in education quality as measured by
the low proportion of trained teachers at preprimary centres (25%), the inequity in distribution
of the few trained teachers, as well as the results
of standardized performance tests at the primary
level. While the Grade 4 Literacy Test has shown
41
greater investment needs to be made
in educational quality, beginning with
stimulation and development activities
prior to school entry and ensuring quality
at schools. There has been much less
success in protection and participation
rights. Legislation has been important
but not sufficient to ensure childrens
well- being. For the next 50 years,
more attention needs to be paid to the
implementation of legislation, and to
addressing development, protection
and participation rights. The information
from this research project, which was
funded by UNESCO, will be used to
guide national plans and programmes,
and specifically the development of
further strategic plans for ECD. Similar
analysis across the region could be used
to guide CARICOM activities to advance
ECD in the region.
Evaluation of the Current Status of
Maternal, Paternal, Newborn and
Infant Health and Well-Being and
the Impact of these on National
Child Health and Development: The
JAKIDS Birth Cohort Study.
Newborn and maternal health and wellbeing have been widely recognised as
critical for improving the health of a
nation. The Economist, in its The World
in 2013 edition published in December
2012 highlighted the importance of
reducing newborn deaths.
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44
U W I
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Denise
Eldemire-Shearer
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46
is how long can families maintain such support as
the number of children per older persons declines
thus pointing to the need for an examination of
pension scheme, retirement programmes and
even the age of retirement. The survey informs
that half of the retired population made no plan
for retirement.
47
Professor Denise Eldemire-Shearer
is the leading authority on ageing
and an unwavering advocate for the
elderly, Professor Denise EldemireShearer has worked with the UWI
for more than twenty (20) years. In
addition to being a medical doctor,
she is Professor of Public Health and
Ageing.
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U W I
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Marjan de Bruin-Maxwell
Ian Boxill & Yolanda Paul
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Laws and protocols
Antigua and Barbuda as well as Barbados do not
afford protection in line with the ILO protocols,
which they have signed, to protect migrant
workers. Many of these workers are unable
to access HIV testing and other related health
services due to fear of deportation or arrest. This
reluctance to get tested is stronger in Barbados,
as this country has been very strict in enforcing
its migration laws, hence protecting itself from
undocumented migrant workers.
Costs for health services
Focus group discussions
showed
that
in
several cases, only
legal migrant workers
could easily access HIV
related health services.
At some health centres,
disclosure of ones
migrant status was a
prerequisite for those
workers who wanted
to get HIV testing. In
Barbados, workers in
the informal sector
were required to pay
at public hospitals for health services, while in
Antigua and Barbuda, this came without a cost.
However, the Antiguan Government is presently
reviewing its National Benefits scheme: migrant
workers have allowed their extended families,
who have joined them, to illegally benefit from
the free access to health services.
Discrimination
Regardless of language, nationality, occupation
or sexual orientation, all persons interviewed
in Antigua and Barbuda, reported cases of
discrimination. Stigma, associated with being
a sex worker, and fear of derogatory remarks
discouraged migrant sex workers from freely
accessing health care services.
HIV information
In Antigua and Barbuda many female migrants
are Jamaican and work within the clubs. They
have little or no exposure to HIV information
and education and
basic knowledge of
prevention, access to
medication and free
health services are
lacking.
Recommendations
This ILO/UWI HARP
Study
includes
recommendations at
various levels and for
different parties.
To minimise migrant
workers vulnerabilities to HIV:
1. Both countries will need to enforce the laws
and protocols which they have signed.
2. Broader-based and far reaching HIV and
AIDS workplace interventions and programmes,
through the Ministry of Labour in Barbados, are
needed.
3. Work place programmes will need to
incorporate a firm policy to oversee cultural and
51
on access to HIV care and prevention
mechanisms.
Indications are that ILO is using this
study as the baseline and source for
evidence-based intervention design.
At the policy level, the findings
from the study have been used in
regional policy meetings, especially
on migrant workers issues.
Dr Marjan de Bruin-Maxwell is
the Director of UWI HARP, Monaan interdisciplinary hub for any
research on the social, political and
economic aspects associated with
HIV and AIDS. She has published
widely on Communication, Gender
and HIV. Email: marjan.debruin@
uwimona.edu.jm
Ms Yolanda Paul is the Project
Manager at UWI HARP, Mona. She
assists in the general co-ordination
and management of all projects.
She is currently pursuing an M.A.
in Communication for Social and
Behaviour Change.
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U W I
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Hyacinth Harding-Goldson,
Marvin Reid & Richard Augier
Urinary Leukotriene E4 in
Patients with Homozygous
Sickle Cell Disease
U W I
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A biomarker that could be used as an objective
method of measuring the severity of disease
and the level of pain would allow for more
targeted care, and help to reverse common
misperceptions. Such a tool would be extremely
useful in improving the standard of care available
to persons with sickle cell disease and by
extension the quality and productivity of their
lives. This project investigates the possibility that
the inflammatory molecules Cysteinyl leukotrienes
(CysLT) could be one such biomarker.
Cysteinyl leukotrienes
have been implicated
in the pathophysiology
of asthma. They cause
constriction of the
pulmonary
blood
vessels,
increase
mucous
secretion
and
pulmonary
vascular permeability.
The
discovery
of
the association has
resulted in the use of
leukotriene inhibitors
in management of
asthmatic patients.
Phase 2
An
experimental
study
comparing
steady state levels
of uLTE4 in two
groups of patients
with
homozygous
SCD. Group 1, those
with a history of a
high frequency of
APCs (>5/year, high)
and group 2, those
who have a low
frequency (<2/year,
low) history. These
two groups will be matched for age, gender and
pulmonary function status.
A demonstrated association between sicklerelated painful episodes and uLTE4 will suggest
a possible application of leukotriene inhibitors
in SCD patients, and allow for measurement of
the relationship between dose and effect. This
would allow for future investigations into the use
of leukotriene inhibitors as therapy for sickle cell
pain.
Phase 1
An experimental study comparing uLTE4 in
patients with homozygous SCD during steady
state with age and gender matched HbAA
controls.
Phase 3
A longitudinal study comparing uLTE4 levels
during painful crisis and then in steady state in
the same homozygous SCD subjects.
This project is a collaboration between the
Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in
55
Collaborators:
Professor Marvin Reid, Director, Sickle Cell Unit,
UWI, Mona.
Dr Susanna Bortolusso-Ali, Director Clinical
Services, Sickle Cell Unit, UWI, Mona.
Dr Jennifer Knight-Madden, Sickle Cell Unit, UWI.
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Another issue impacting the burden of treatment,
rehabilitation and ultimately recidivism among the
prison population is the high level of mental illness
among prisoners. Globally, there are high levels
of mental illness among the prison population as
reported by Fazel & Danesh (2002) in a systematic
review of 62 studies from 12 countries worldwide.
They reported that among male prisoners,
3.7 % had psychotic illnesses; 10% had major
depression and 65% had personality disorders of
which 75% was anti-social personality disorder.
For female prisoners, 4% had psychotic illnesses;
12% had major depression; 42% had personality
disorder with 21%
having
anti-social
personality
disorder
(Fazel & Danesh 2002).
Conclusions in this
study indicated that
prisoners were several
times likely to have
psychosis and major
depression and about
10 times more likely
to exhibit anti-social
behaviour than the
general
population.
There are approximately
4,036 prisoners incarcerated in Jamaica and
there is need to establish whether Jamaica is
in fact mirroring the global experience with
psychiatric morbidity and whether this prevalence
is a contributing factor to or is a consequence of
imprisonment and recidivism.
This study aims to assist in the development of
practical, workable recommendations to improve
personality
disorder
and
psychopathy in the general prison
population as well as document
levels of recidivism.
and recidivism.
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Dr Clayton A. Sewell is a Forensic Psychiatrist
and is currently Lecturer and Consultant
Psychiatrist with the Department of Community
Health and Psychiatry at the U.W.I. His previous
research work has included forensic mental health
studies in Jamaica and the United Kingdom, as
well as studies violence, depression and suicide.
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U W I
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Jacqueline
Corness
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inhibit become overactive as a result, in a process
known as disinhibition. It is then thought to be
this over-activity that creates the symptoms of
psychosis. To greatly simplify this model, research
in this area has suggested that disruption in the
balance of this particular neuronal circuit
allows imagined events or dream memories to be
stored as real memories. The patient would then
be unable to distinguish between situations which
did or did not happen, leading them to believe
that a hallucination is a real event. Medications
used to treat psychosis are designed to block the
output of the overactive neurons, thus alleviating
these symptoms. In this
model, the damage
to the brain resulting
in
drug-induced
psychosis would be
long term, and persist
beyond cessation of
drug use, but might be
exacerbated by stress or
other events.
Because only certain
individuals appear to
be susceptible to the
development of druginduced psychosis, another aim of ours is to look
for some of the susceptibility factors that make
certain individuals more vulnerable than others.
Theories suggest, for example, that a genetic
predisposition to psychotic disorder may manifest
itself as psychotic symptoms after prolonged or
intense use of cannabis. Our research is therefore
aimed at identifying what genetic factors might
increase the likelihood for external substances
Dr Jacqueline Corness is a
Senior Lecturer in the Physiology
Section in the Department of Basic
Medical Sciences at the University
of the West Indies. She has a
BSc and MSc in Pharmacology,
and a PhD in Neuroscience.
She has worked for 20 years
as a researcher in molecular
neuroscience in Canada, France,
Sweden, USA, England, Scotland,
the Netherlands and now in
Jamaica.
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DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
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resistance, such as the action of efflux
pumps which actively extrude antibiotics
from the bacterial cell, thereby rendering
them ineffective. The presence of these
mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance has
implications for patient management and
for the development
Thoms-Rodriquez from 2008-2012 while she was a DM student. This award will allow
them to continue their work on Antibiotic Resistance.
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Douladel
Willie
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in many settings, due in part to new infections.
More than one-third of the women interviewed
experienced a forced sexual encounter with most
stating that this happened in their childhood and
teenage years. This finding generates interest
especially in view of research which suggests that
early sexual trauma can cause abnormality in cells
in the cervix which in turn can result in cervical
cancer. Nearly half of the women said they
experience urinary incontinence, a condition
long recognized as one of the geriatric giants.
As expected the majority of women (93%) had
experienced menopause or were in the transition
phase with the mean
age of menopause
reported as 50 years.
More than half of
them stated that they
had fair or very good
knowledge
about
menopause. The most
commonly
reported
sources of information
were
family
and
friends and the media.
Nearly three quarters
of women had a
positive view of menopause despite reporting
experiencing bothersome symptoms such as
hot flashes, decline in energy, heart palpitations,
night sweats, spontaneous sweating and mood
swings. More than one third of women reported
symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, a condition in
which weakened muscles and ligaments result in
the descent of the pelvic organs (such as womb,
bladder or rectum) to or through the vagina.
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Ms Douladel Willie is an
Epidemiologist and an Assistant
Lecturer in the Mona Ageing and
Wellness Centre, Department of
Community Health & Psychiatry.
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F A C U L T Y
O F
SCIENCE
&
TECHNOLOGY
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D E V E L O P M E N T
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U W I
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D E V E L O P M E N T
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Kevon Rhiney
& David Barker
Promoting Marketing
Competitiveness and
Adaption to Climate Change
among Small Holder Farmers
Programme
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U W I
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Noureddine
Benkeblia
Postharvest Physiology
and Ripening Biochemistry
of Some Fruits in Jamaica
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/
jsfa.5946/abstract).
This fundamental and practical knowledge
will be beneficial to both professionals and
consumers by optimizing the timely harvesting,
appropriately handling crops, and reducing loss.
Furthermore, good handling will increase the
profit of the farmers and other professionals,
while the preserved nutritional quality will impact
positively on consumers health and well- being,
as it is well established that diet is the major
factor that affects health positively or negatively
and the challenge is
to make food the first
medicine.
This knowledge will
not only impact the
agriculture sector and
society as a whole, it
will contribute to the
agro-processing sector
by developing the
use of the modified
atmosphere packaging
(MAP)
technology.
Thus, the agro-industrial
sector will increase its potential by processing and
marketing the ready-to-use and the ready-toeat fresh fruits, at a low cost, as nowadays, the
plastic films used in MAP technology are much
cheaper than putting food in the fridge, even
though refrigeration of MAP products is desired
for better and longer preservation.
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These programmes encompass basic and
practical horticulture, post-harvest physiology,
biochemistry and storage technologies of tropical
crops, and metabolism of fructan-containing
plants using liliaceous plants as model; (ii)
meet the challenges of a highly competitive
and technological world through constant
evaluation and adjustment of its programmes
and positions; (iii) build a community that is
inclusive and welcoming of all people, including
academic staff, students, and other professionals
involved in horticulture, and last but not least;
(iv) serve the scientists, professionals and
general societies of Jamaica and the Caribbean
before reaching out to the rest of the world.
Professor Noureddine Benkeblia
Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Life
Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona
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U W I
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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Mitko
Voutchkov
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Climate Change,
Agriculture and
Food Security
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Climate Studies Group, Mona (CSGM). The study
conducted between January and September 2012
examined the implications of climate change for
agriculture and food security in the Caribbean
(special emphasis on CARICOM States) and included
an inventory of agriculture and climate changerelated work being conducted in the Caribbean
as well as information on useful tools and suitable
policy responses for reducing regional agricultures
vulnerability to climate change and food insecurity.
Research Team:
Michael.
A.
Taylor
(Physics),
Claremont
Kirton
(Economics),
Kevon Rhiney (Geography & Geology), Dale
Rankine (Physics), Richard Sutherland (Economics)
and Travis Atkinson (Economics)
Mr Dale Rankine
is PhD candidate
in
Physics.
His
work focuses on
parameterizing
a crop model for
use in projecting
sweet potato yields
in the Caribbean
agricultural
sector
under
differing
climate scenarios.
Mr Richard Sutherland is an Assistant Lecturer
in the Department of Economics at UWI
Mona. His areas of special interest are Applied
Econometrics and Statistics. These techniques he
has applied to the fields of consumer welfare,
financial economics and climate change
modelling.
95
96
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Dr Michael Taylor is the Head of the
Department of Physics and the Director of
the Climate Studies Group, Mona (CSGM). In
the latter capacity he coordinates research
on the science of Caribbean climate
variability and change
Dr Tannecia Stephenson is a lecturer in
the Department of Physics and a researcher
in the CSGM. Her research interests include
Caribbean climate variability, climate
extremes and climate change projections
from statistical downscaling methods.
Ms Kimberly Stephenson is a PhD
candidate in the Department of Physics. Her
work focuses on developing a modelling
technique for predicting the future effects of
climate change on animal populations in a dry
forest.
98
U W I
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Sherene
James-Williamson
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102
U W I
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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Keith
Duncan
A Feasibility Study of
Renewable Energy Production
in Jamaican Communities
U W I
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The projects catalogues both the energy
needs and the available renewable/
alternative energy resources (including
waste) for a variety of small communities
such as rural farming districts and urban
inner city areas.
By matching the energy needs and the
resources available to various communities
the study will produce an alternative
energy recipe (i.e., a combination of solar,
wind, waste-to-energy, etc.) suitable to
meet a percentage of each communities
energy needs or to lower costs for a specific
community service, e.g., irrigation. In
addition, the study will provide an energy
analysis (both production and consumption
potential) database of sample communities in
Jamaica.
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U W I
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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Chemical Elicitation:
Creating a Suitable Environment for
the Production of Biologically Active
Compounds from Marine Fungi
U W I
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international institutions in the
interest of Jamaicas scientific
development.
Professor Paul B. Reese is
Professor of Bio-organic Chemistry.
During his 27 years at Mona, his
groups research has explored the
isolation of biologically interesting
natural products from plants
and fungi, and has investigated
their chemical and biological
conversion to new analogues.
Dr Petrea C. Facey is a Research
Fellow in the Department of
Chemistry. She was previously an
Alexander von Humboldt Fellow in
Germany, where she investigated
the generation of antibiotics by
microorganisms. Both authors
can be found at the Department
of Chemistry, The University of the
West Indies, Mona.
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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Dharmaratne Amarakoon
Stanley Smellie
U W I
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5 minutes).These data helped in the
establishment of energy and power
usage trends that were then studied
and analyzed in detail. Based on the
outcomes, 11 ECOs were recommended
by the UWIPHYSICS team, which are
expected to be implemented on a
phased basis. The total estimated savings
following the successful implementation
of ECOs will be about 34% relative to
the 2011 energy consumption. This is
expected to result in cost reduction and
therefore savings on electricity bills.
Component one of the project was very
successful and paved the way to enter
into partnership with one of the leaders
in the food industry and hopefully to
establish links with other industries on
issues related to energy conservation
and efficiency. It is relevant to state
that the GK staff warmly welcomed
UWIPHYSICS members and were eager
to extend the help to realize the aims of
the project.
Dr Dharmaratne Amarakoon,
Alternative Energy Group, Department
of Physics
Mr Stanley Smellie (C.E.M), UWI
Energy Conservation Project Office
(1) Alternative Energy Group;
(2) Energy Conservation Project Office
Collaborators:
Jean Francois Dorville(1); Eric Hall(2);
Kevin Mills(1); Darlene Field(1);
Cherri Ann Scarlett(1); Joni Hall(1);
Sanja Simmonds(1);
Andrew Johnson(1); Andre Grant(1);
Adrian Dunkley(1); Lauren Mia(1)]
108
F A C U L T Y
O F
SOCIAL
SCIENCES
R E S E A R C H
F O R
D E V E L O P M E N T
2 0 1 2
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110
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DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
Nadine
McCloud-Rose
Improved Nonparametric
Specification Tests for
Time-Series Data
U W I
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F O R
D E V E L O P M E N T
2 0 1 3
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U W I
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The Transition of
Jamaican Women to
Adulthood
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116
the opportunity structures and social pressures
often force individuals to take on adult
responsibilities long before this age. Therefore
the speed at which an individual transitions
the childhood period and enters adulthood is
based on how quickly and how successfully
the individual traverses the social trajectories of
education, work, union and family formation.
The pathway taken by an individual does not
always follow a linear pattern of schooling, work
and family formation but varies across time and
according to related circumstances of social class,
residential
location,
age, gender and selfefficacy. The timing
of each event creates
a unique sequence
that, if followed, by a
large enough group
of individuals, can
have severe negative
or positive impacts on
a countrys efforts to
achieve
sustainable
development.
Reciprocal
relationships
between population and development
Two of the chief development indicators which
anchor the study are the patterns of work and
educational achievement of women. Both the
pursuit of a course of educational studies and formal
employment are deemed to be incompatible with
childbearing, as childbearing often leads to the
delay or truncation of educational pursuits and
labour force participation. Therefore a womans
Dr Julian Devonish is a
Lecturer in Population Studies
and Research Methods in the
Department
of
Sociology,
Psychology and Social Work.
Dr Sharon Priestley is a Lecturer
in Demography and Statistics in
the Department of Sociology,
Psychology and Social Work.
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Arlene
Bailey
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120
to meet these needs. These service offerings
include mobile community access points which
provide persons on the street corner with an
opportunity to learn computer and multimedia
skills, opportunities to develop community radio
stations, and posting of photos, music and videos
online to share information with the diaspora and
the global audience.
In subsequent work, we explored an emerging
role for telecentres that of community mediation
and violence prevention. Our research is based on
empirical observations
through a field study at
telecentres in Jamaica,
and an analysis of local
newspaper
articles.
We examined ways in
which these community
mediation and violence
prevention strategies
through telecentres may
support social inclusion
and
development
of social capital by
encouraging
the
formation of friendships
within
and
across
communities. Some programmes have been able
to expand the safe haven created in the telecentre
environs to the wider community. Other initiatives
have been able to assist the youth, encouraging
their participation in non-violent activities, and
continue to work within communities that have
internal conflicts. The evolving role of telecentres
in the area of peace-making suggests that the
factors explored in this study will be of benefit
121
conferences and in journals on information
technology for development. There has also
been active participation in the Association for
Information Systems
Special Interest Group on Global Development.
The findings have generated interest, and
resulted in funding for further research. In
addition, interest in the research area provided
support for the decision to hold the IFIP 9.4 12th
International Conference on Social Implications of
Computers in Developing Countries in Jamaica in
May 2013, and for further collaboration with the
international research community in this area.
Dr Arlene Bailey is a Lecturer in the Department
of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work. Her
dissertation on telecentres received the UWI
Mona Most Outstanding Thesis Award in 2009.
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D E V E L O P M E N T
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Charlette
Donalds
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F O R
D E V E L O P M E N T
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124
to support police investigations in crime
areas such as breaking and entering, criminal
profiling and tracking serial killers (Brahan et al.,
1998). Likewise, the Tucson Police Department
implemented COPLINK Connect which allows
diverse police departments to successfully share
and manage knowledge required for crime
cases (Chen et al., 2002). However, there is little
effort to manage knowledge in the JCF. Using
Gottschalks (2006) four stage KMS growth
model, Stewart and Mansingh (2010) position
the JCF at an early stage one, where JCF officers
are just being provided
with end user tools
to improve personal
efficiency.
Donalds and OseiBryson (2006) have
proposed
a
KMS
architecture for the JCF
Criminal Investigation
Knowledge
System
(CRIKS).
When
instantiated,
CRIKS
would improve the
investigative capability
of the JCF , especially to
investigate more sophisticated crimes, and provide
the Force with the requisite ICT infrastructure
that would enable officers to actively exploit
knowledge and engage in effective investigative
sharing and collaboration.
For a KMS such as CRIKS to be effective, it must also
be able to store/retrieve knowledge/information
in varying formats required for criminal
125
and Biological Evidence, and their associated
sub-classifications, are entities/concepts adopted
from Crime Evidence ontology (Dzemydiene and
Kazemikaitiene, 2005). In order to identify other
entities/concepts, in future, additional interviews
with investigative experts will be conducted
and data mining techniques applied to criminal
investigation documents within the JCF.
References
BRAHAN, J., LAM, K. P., CHAN, H. & LEUNG,
W. 1998. AICAMS: Artificial Intelligence Crime
Analysis and Management System. KnowledgeBased Systems, 11, 355-361.
CHEN, H., SCHROEDER, J., HAUCK, R. V.,
RIDGEWAY, L., ATABAKHSH, H., GUPTA, H.,
BOARMAN, C., RASMUSSEN, K. & CLEMENTS,
A. W. 2002. COPLINK Connect: Information and
Knowledge Management for Law Enforcement.
Decision Support Systems, 34, 271-285.
DONALDS, C. M. & OSEI-BRYSON, K.-M. Criminal
Investigation Knowledge System: CRIKS. Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences
(HICSS), 2006 Hawaii, USA. 1-9.
FRASER, C. 2004. Strategic Information Systems
for Policing. Available: www.leoprd.org/reading/
Strategic%20info%20systems%20for%20
policing.pdf [Accessed July 21, 2012].
GOTTSCHALK, P. 2006. Stages of Knowledge
Management Systems in Police Investigations.
Knowledge-Based Systems, 19, 381-387.
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References
Lipps G, Lowe GA, Halliday S, Morris A,
Clarke N, Wilson RN: The Association
of Academic Streaming to Depressive
Symptoms in Adolescents Across Three
Caribbean Countries. Child & Adolescent
Mental Health 2010, 4: 1-10.
Lipps GE, Lowe GA, Morris A, Halliday
S, Clarke N, Wilson RN: School factors
associated with depression in a Jamaican
high school cohort. Journal of Black
Psychology 2009.
Lowe GA, Lipps GE, Abel W: Depression
Among Fourth-Form Students in Three
High Schools in Kingston, Jamaica.
Caribbean Journal of Psychology 2005, 2:
32-49.
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Derrick
Deslandes
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130
U W I
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National Youth
Mainstreaming
Project
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134
U W I
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DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT
Jermaine
McCalpin
U W I
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136
truth commissions to crime and violence primarily
through the mechanism of restorative justice.
Additionally, the literature on truth commissions
disproportionately focuses on truth commissions
that have been successful rather than on those
that have been weak or failed. My research is
a comparison of four truth commissions: South
Africa; that is often deemed a successful truth
commission, Haiti; a weak truth commission,
Grenada; a hidden truth commission and
Jamaica; a potential truth commission. I will reinterrogate the designation of the South African
truth commission as a successful one by utilizing
other criteria beyond its
appeal and admiration,
rather focusing on
whether the approach
of restorative justice that
most truth commissions
espouse,
has
any
impact on crime and
violence.
The research will build
on and widen the
knowledge
quotient
on truth commissions
by first, extending the
analysis to under-researched truth commissions
such as Grenada and Haiti. Second, it will
expand the assessment and impact debate on
truth commissions to incorporate the bearing
on crime and violence in societies that employ
such a mechanism. Third, it would build on the
erstwhile pioneering research on the prospects
and feasibility of a truth commission in Jamaica.
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138
CENTRES
&
INSTITUTES
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F O R
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142
143
144
U W I
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F O R
D E V E L O P M E N T
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Leith
Dunn
U W I
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146
select a statistically representative sample. HHW
(Household Workers) registration and development
of a data base, can help to develop a national
representative sample of domestic workers for
follow-up research.
Most women were 25-65 years: urban women
were older (35-44 years and 55-64 years) and rural
women were younger. Most women had primary
or secondary education but for many, literacy levels
were low. Over half of the rural women (57%)
and almost a third (31%) of the urban women
were single and heads of households.
Only 23% and 42% of the rural and urban women,
respectively,
were
employed. Duties were:
cleaning;
washing;
cooking; ironing; and
care-giving.
Working
conditions:
Rich
narratives
of
womens
experiences
show
inconsistencies
with C189 although
there were exceptions.
Risk factors were: limited
work contracts which
increased risks of abuse
and
dismissal;
low
wages as two thirds of
women (67%) earned
above the Minimum Wage (MW) (J$4,500
(US$52.33) per week for a 40-hour work week,
but one-third earned minimum wage or below.
Most women worked eight (8) hours daily. Over
a quarter (26%) of the urban women however,
worked more than eight hours but were not paid
overtime rates. Most women spend their money on
Food; Transportation; Education; and Health. Few
pay statutory payments like NIS, NHT and Income
tax, limiting their access to social protection. All
reported a major gap between wages and
147
(e.g. cleaning the dogs teeth).
c) Effective abolition of child labour/trafficking:
Some HHWs reported being victims of child
domestic labour (internal human trafficking from
rural to urban areas) and being used as HHWs.
d) Elimination of discrimination in respect of
employment and occupation; discrimination
against HHWs persists but the occupation is gaining
more respect.
e) Tri-partism & social dialogue JHWA participates
in social dialogue with tripartite partners:
Government/MLSS and; the Jamaica Employers
Federation; the Jamaica Confederation of Trade
Unions, and international partners (ILO, Friedrich
Ebert Stiftung, UN Women), and civil society
partners in the womens movement and academia
(UWI/IGDS Mona).
The JHWA was formed in 1991. It has visionary
and effective leadership, and its membership is
growing but institutional resources are limited. The
MLSS also needs a mechanism to monitor working
conditions of HHWs.
Recommendations to promote the Principles of
C 189
1. The JHWA should:
a) continue lobbying for ratification of C189, legal
reforms and a Code of Conduct for Employers;
b) expand skills training programmes for members;
c) increase public education;
d) expand membership and encourage registration
for social protection provided by NIS, NHT and the
Programme for Advancement Through Health and
Education (PATH) to reduce HHWs risk of poverty;
2. The Government of Jamaica should:
a) Urgently ratify C189, and