Western Philippines University

College of Engineering and Technology

Civil Engineering Department

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

By Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa , Jr.
(Geotechnical and Structural Engineer)

Module 7. Combined Shear and Tension

In the knee brace connection shown in figure (b), the knee brace made of 2 angles back to back is bolted to
the tee section which is also bolted to the column flange.

b) Detail of
Knee Brace

a) Building Bent
with Knee Brace

This bracing member is oriented in such a way that the line of action of the member force passes through the centroid
of the connection. The vertical component of the load will put the fasteners connecting the tee section to the column
flange in shear, and the horizontal component will cause tension (with possible inclusion of prying forces).
Example 903. The tension member shown is connected to the column with 22 mm diameter A325 Bolts in a bearing
type connection with threads excluded from shear planes and standard size holes. Investigate the adequacy of the
connection. Use A36 Steel.
460 kN

4
280 mm

2L100x100x10 mm

2
1900
Edge distanceA==40
mmmm , xc = 28.7 mm

Spacing
= 70 mm
Bracket:
WT260x46

Column: W360x134
tf = 18.0 mm

tf = 15.6 =mm,
tw = 10.2 mm, bf = 209 mm
edge distance
40 mm
Spacing = 70 mm

Solution.
1) Tensile strength of angles
Tension on the gross area:
P 0.60Fy Ag 0.60(250)(1900 x 2)103 570 kN
Tension on net area:
Table 510-6, standard hole diameter, h = 24 mm
Ae 0.75 An 0.75(1900 24x10)(2) 2490 mm2
3

P 0.60Fu Ae 0.60(400)(2490)10 598 kN

(NSCP 504.2.1)

(NSCP 502.4)
(NSCP 502.2.1)

Tensile strength of angles P = 570 kN > 460 kN

2) Shear in bolts which fasten angles to bracket
Table 510-7, allowable shear, Fv = 207 MPa
For bolts in double shear, Ab 4 (22)2 (2) 760 mm2

OK.

Shear capacity, Ps Fv Ab 207(760)103 157.32 kN/bolt

For four bolts, P 4(157.32) 629 kN > 460 kN
OK.
3) Check bearing of tension member
For hole near the edge of the member:
1.5d = 1.5(22) = 33 mm < 40 mm OK
Lc = Le h/2 = 40 24/2 = 28 mm
Pb 1.20Futd 1.2(400)(2 x10)(22)103 211.2 kN/bolt

(NSCP 510.4.7.1)
(NSCP 510.4.7.1)

Pr 0.30Fu Lct 0.3(400)(2x28)(10x2)103 134.4 kN/bolt*

For the other holes:
3d = 3(22) = 66 mm < 70 mm OK
Lc = Le h = 70 24 = 46 mm
Pb 1.20Futd 1.2(400)(2 x10)(22)103 211.2 kN/bolt*

(NSCP 510.5.1)
(NSCP 510.4.7.1)
(NSCP 510.4.7.1)

(NSCP 510.5.1)
Pr 0.30Fu Lct 0.3(400)(2x46)(10x2)103 220.8 kN/bolt
The bearing strength for the tension member is,
OK.
P 134.4 3(211.2) 768 kN > 460 kN
4) Check bolts which fasten bracket to column flange (combined shear and tension)
horizontal component = (4/5)(460) = 368 kN
vertical component = (3/5)(460) = 276 kN
tensile load per bolt: F = 368/8 = 46 kN
shear force per bolt: V = 276/8 = 34.5 kN
2tf = 2(15.6) = 31.2 mm < 40 mm, use a = 31.2 mm
b (209/ 2) 10.2/ 2 1.5 40 57.9 mm
length of flange tributary to one fastener, w 70 mm
100bdb2 18wt 2f
100(57.9)(22)2 18(70)(15.6)2
prying force, Q F
46
81 kN
2
2
2
2
70adb 21wt f
70(31.2)(22) 21(70)(15.6)
total tensile load per bolt, F Q 46 81 127 kN
area of bolt, Ab 4 (22)2 380 mm2
Table 510-7, allowable shear, Fv = 207 MPa
34.5 x103
90.8 MPa < 207 MPa
actual shearing stress, f v
380

OK.

Table 510-8, allowable tensile stress: Ft 3032 2.15 f v2 3032 2.15(90.8)2 272 MPa
Actual tensile stress, f t

127 x103
334 MPa > 272 MPa
380

NO.

Therefore, connection is unsatisfactory for bolts which fasten bracket to column flange.

Example 904. Determine the stresses in the 25 mm diameter A325 Bolts shown in the eccentrically loaded frictiontype connection.
670 kN
75

Seat L

+22.6

+16.57

-6.03

50
100

4.82

100

2L100x100x13
Stiffener

100
100

17.78
(MPa)

50
(mm)

Filler PL

+22.6

+6.03

+28.63

a) Pressure due
to bolt

b) Pressure due
eccentric load

c) Resultant
pressure

200

Solution:
1) Minimum pretension load
Table 510-12, For 25 mm diameter A325 bolts, Tb = 226 kN
2) Pressure on plate due to bolt pretension
226 x103
22.6 MPa
200(500)
3) Bending stress due to eccentric load
670(75)(250)103
fb 1
6.03 MPa
(200)(500)3
12
4) Resultant pressures
at top, ftop 22.6 6.03 16.57 MPa
fa

at bottom, fbot 22.6 6.03 28.63 MPa

5) Pressure at the level of top most bolt
slope of pressure line, s (28.63 16.57)/500 0.02412 MPa/mm
pressure at 50 mm from top, f1 16.57 0.02412(50) 17.78 MPa
6) Net tension on top most bolt
T 226 4.82(100)(100)10 3 274.20 kN
7) Actual stresses in top most bolt
area of bolt, Ab 4 (25)2 490 mm2

274.20 x103
559.60 MPa
490
670 x103
shear, fv
136.7 MPa
490(10)
8) Allowable stresses
Table 510-7, allowable tension, Ft = 303 MPa < 559.60 MPa
OK.
Allowable shear for slip critical (friction-type) connections,

fA
(NSCP 510.4.6.1 and Table 510-7)
Fv 117 1 t b
Tb

tension, ft

559.60(490)
Ft 117 1
() < 136.7 MPa
226000

NO.

Therefore, the top most bolt is not adequate in combined shear and tension.

Example 905. Determine the maximum combined tensile and shearing stress in the top rivets of the connection
shown. The stiffener angles are each 100x100x12 mm. The rivets are A502 Gr. 1 hot-driven rivets 22 mm in diameter.
480 kN
75

Seat L

62.5
75
75
75
75

y1 = 112.5 y
475
y2

y1
y

75
37.5

y5

y2 = 187.5 - y

NA

y3 = 267.5 - y

200

Filler PL

(mm)

y3

y4

Solution:
1) Locate neutral axis
area of rivet, Ab 4 (22)2 380 mm2

Ay ay : 200 y 2y 2(380) (112.5 y ) (187.5 y ) (262.5 y ) (337.5 y ) (412.5 y )

100 y 2 2(380)(1312.5 5 y)
y 2 38 y 9975 0 ; y 82.67 mm
2) Moment of inertia
I 13 (200)(82.67)3 2(380)(29.832 104.832 179.832 254.832 329.832 ) 203.304 x106 mm4
3) Tensile stress in top most rivet due to eccentric load
M 480(75) 36000 kN-mm
Mc 36000(329.83)103

58.40 MPa
I
203.304 x106
4) Shear stresses in rivets
480 x103
fv
105.26 MPa < (Fv = 120 MPa from Table 510-7)
380(12)
5) Allowable tensile stress in rivets
Table 510-8, Ft 207 1.3 fv 159 MPa
ft

Ft 207 1.3(105.26) 70.16 MPa > 58.40 MPa

OK.

OK.

Therefore, the top most rivet is adequate in combined shear and tension.
Example 906. Investigate the adequacy of the eccentrically loaded riveted connection shown. The rivets are A502 Gr.
1 hot-driven rivets 25 mm in diameter. Assume that edge-distance, spacing, bearing and tension requirements for
the bracket plate are satisfied.

80

1
3
4

80

xc
2

30 kN

4
yc
cg
5

40 kN

50 kN
3

120

20

Dimension in
millimeters

120

20

Solution:
1) Locate the centroid of the rivet group

Nxc nx :

5xc 2(120) 3(0)

xc 48 mm (right of rivet 1)

Nyc ny :

5 yc 2(0) 2(80) 1(160)

yc 64 mm (below rivet 1)

2) Equivalent polar moment of inertia of rivet group

J ( x2 y2 ) 2(72)2 3(48)2 2(64)2 2(16)2 1(96)2 35200 mm2

3) Load carried by rivets due to direct shear
Py 54 (50) 40 kN
Px 53 (50) 30 kN
Py 40
Px 30
Pdy

8 kN

6 kN
n
5
n
5
4) Torsion due to eccentricity of load
T 30(64) 40(272) 12800 kN-mm
5) Torsional load on most stressed rivet
Rivet 3: x3 = 48 mm, y3 = 96 mm
Ty 12800(96)
Tx 12800(48)
Ptx

34.9 kN,
Pty

17.5 kN
J
35200
J
35200
Rivet 4: x4 = 72 mm, y4 = 64 mm
Ty 12800(64)
Tx 12800(72)
Ptx

23.3 kN,
Pty

26.2 kN
J
35200
J
35200
6) Resultant load on most stressed rivet
Pdx

Pr

Pdx Ptx

Pdy Pty

Rivet 3: Pr 3

6 34.9 8 17.5

Rivet 4: Pr 4

6 23.3 8 26.2

30.42 kN
45.03 kN (controls)

7) Shear stress
area of rivet, Ab 4 (25)2 490 mm2
45.03 x103
91.9 MPa
490
Table 510-7, allowable shear stress, Fv = 120 MPa > 91.9 MPa

actual shear stress, f v

Therefore, the connection is adequate.

OK.